Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Compiled by:
Muhammad Jalal Raza
Fadil Jamia Nizamiya, Hyderabad
India
B.A. Al Azhar University, Egypt
M.A. Cairo University, Egypt
Deposit No.
In The Egyptian Books House
All rights reserved for the Compiler
AL-KILANY PRESS.
22, Kamel Kilany st. Bab El-Khalq.
Cairo Egypt .
Tel : 3918598-3951543
family.
They are those about whom Allah (Exalted be He)
says Say, No reward do I ask you for this except
the love of those near of kin 23 As Shura42.
And the Messenger Muhammad ( Peace be upon
him) has stated. I am leaving such a thing with you
which if you hold it steadfast you shall never go
astray; The book of Allah, and my family
members. This tradition was transmitted by Imam
Termezi and Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal.
In another Hadith transmitted by Imam Ahmad
Ibn Hanbal Abu Said Al Khudri narrated, the
Prophet Muhammad (May peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) stated, I am leaving with you
two heavy things; One of them is more important
than the other:
(1) Book of Allah , the extended rope from the
sky to the earth.
(2) My family members, both will remain
together and will never be seprated from
each other untill they will come to me at
the Fountain of Kawthar.
Imam Shafaee said in his well-knwon poem If
to love the Prophet,s (May peace and blessing of
Allah be upon him) relatives is named Shi'ism
then let mankind and Jinn be witness that I am a
4
members.
I congratulate him for his important step to present
and introduce the most famous family members of
the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) in Egypt
especially in English language.
I pray Allah to bless him by his efforts and
increase his contribution to Islamic Studies.
PREFACE
By Dr. Ejaz Akram.
.
)33 (
..
)23 (
12
13
16
18
19
20
Her titles:
She was given various titles. These include
Az-Zahra, the brightest lady, and Al-Batool, the one
isolated from earthly pleasures and occupied solely
with her creator.
Her marriage and children:
She was married to Imam Ali and was blessed with
the birth of Hasan in 3 A.H. Hussain was born a year
later in 4 A.H.
Her death:
She died in 11 A.H. a mere 6 months after the
death of her father, the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him). She had been told by the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
that she would be the first amongst his family to
follow him after his death. 5
She was buried in Al Baqee.
21
Imam Hasan :
He was the eldest son of Fatima and Ali (May
Allah be pleased with them both). He was born in
Madina, in the middle of Ramadan 3 A.H.
When he was born, the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him) called Azaan in his
right ear and Iqamah in his left ear. This is how the
calling of Azaan in the right ear of a newborn and
the Iqamah in the left ear, came to be Sunnah.
On the seventh day, the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him) sacrificed for him
and shaved his head. Gold equal in weight to the
hair of the baby was donated and the boy was named
Hasan. This was a unique name amongst the Arabs
at that time.
Imam Hasan resembled the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him) in his facial
features. 6
22
His nickname:
He was called Az-Zaki, the pure and Al-Mujtaba,
the selected.
His progeny:
He had a number of children as he had four wives.
The most famous of his children are:
1. Zaid
2. Hasan Al Musanna
3. Amr
4. Al Qasim
5. Abdullah
6. Abdur Rahman
7.Al Hasan Al Mosallas
8. Talha
He was also blessed with three daughters:
1. Ummul Hasan
2. Ummul Hussain
3. Fatima7
23
24
25
26
11 - At Tabaqat ulkubra
27
28
29
30
31
32
17 - At Tabaqat ulkubra
33
Lady Nafeesa:
The lady Nafeesa was the daughter of Hasan (Al
Anwar), son of Zaid, son of Imam Hasan, grandson
of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon
him). Historians are unanimous in their verdict that
the shrine ascribed to the Lady Nafeesa is the shrine
of the daughter of Hasan (Al Anwar) .
Her Name:
The word Nafeesa is an Arabic word. It is an
adjective derived from the noun "Nafasah", which
means purity, nobility and glory. She was named
with this beautiful name because the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allah be upon him) loved good
names for everyone. She was born in Mecca on 1 st
Rabi Awwal, 145 A.H. She spent her childhood in
Medina, as her father was governor of Medina
during the caliphate of Mansoor. Nafeesa would
visit the tomb of the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) everyday and would remain
there for a long while.18
18 - At Tabaqat ulkubra
34
Her education:
She learnt to read and write and memorized the
Qur'an in its entirety at the tender age of six. She
was famous for her Qur'anic interpretation and
commentary and disseminated her knowledge to
both males and females. Her lessons were especially
popular during her stay in Cairo.
Lady Nafeesa's interest in Hadith:
Lady Nafeesa studied different sciences. She was
fond of all branches of knowledge and was taught by
the famous Islamic scholar, Imam Malik, the jurist
of Medina and the compiler of the Prophet's (peace
and blessings of Allah be upon him) sayings and
actions in his book, "Al Muwatta". This book is
considered as the first book of this kind, even before
the famous Sahih Al Bukhaari. Nafeesa studied
Al Muwatta in great detail and discussed all
opinions and matters within it.19
35
Her marriage:
As Nafeesa grew up and blossomed into a
meritorious and pious young woman, her
righteousness and nobility attracted many suitors for
marriage. Numerous men approached Hasan with a
marriage proposal, but each one was rejected
respectfully by Hasan.
Ishaq Al Mutaman, son of Jafar As Siddiq also
approached Hasan with the same proposal. Hasan
remained quiet after hearing the proposal and Ishaq
felt disappointed at his silence. He immediately
went to the Prophet's mosque and entered into the
tomb of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him). Standing near the blessed grave of the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
he respectfully said, "O Prophet of Allah! I asked for
Nafeesa's hand in marriage but received no
response. I intended only to marry her for her
righteousness and nobility."20
36
37
38
40
41
42
Her generosity:
Nafeesa would often console and comfort the
needy and poor people. She would tend to their
needs and look after them. She was a wealthy
woman, both personally and as a result of her
husband's properties. However, she would spend her
wealth in the path of Allah and give generously to
the ones who were less fortunate than her.
It is narrated that an Egyptian prince once gave
her 100,000 Dirham as a sign of his repentance. He
had thanked Allah for the favors bestowed upon him
and wished to show his gratitude through this gift.
Nafeesa took the money and distributed all of it
immediately. One of her companions requested her
to save a few Dirham to enable them to purchase a
little food which they would use to break their fast
in the evening.
Nafeesa replied, "Here is some thread that I have
spun by myself. Please sell it and purchase the food
to break our fast." The companion did as she was
told, and thus Nafeesa did not take anything from
the large amount of money gifted to her.26
43
44
Arrival in Damascus:
When Nafeesa arrived in Damascus, she was
greeted and received by a large number of her
devotees including respectable scholars of that time,
who gathered to salute her and seek her prayers.
This reception was also attended by Abu Salman
Ad-Darraani, a famous mystic and the most famous
scholar of Prophetic sayings in Damascus,
Abul Abbas Al Waleed, son of Muslim and
Marwan, son of Muhammad At-Taheri. These were
distinguished personalities of that era.
Her arrival in Egypt:
Nafeesa arrived in Egypt on Saturday, 26th
Ramadan, 193 A.H. It was the time when Hasan, son
of Al Bahbah was governing the city of Al Areesh
(an Egyptian city). She was warmly welcomed by
the Egyptians, who loved her even though they had
never met her before. However, stories of her nobility
and righteousness had reached the people of Egypt.
An Egyptian lady named Umme Hani had a large
house in the Maragha district of Cairo, and she
requested Nafeesa to dwell with her during her stay
in Egypt.
45
46
48
49
Nafeesa's illness:
In Rajab, 208 A.H., she fell ill and felt her time of
death was close. She wrote to her husband Ishaq
Al Mutaman in Medina and no sooner had he
received the letter, he set off for Cairo.
She remained ill until the first Friday of
Ramadan. Her illness increased by the hour but she
did not cease to fast even in that state. Her
physicians advised her to break her fast in order to
regain her strength, but she rejected their advice
saying, "For fifty years, I have fasted and prayed to
Allah to die in a state that I am fasting. How can I
break my fast now? I seek refuge with Allah." The
physicians were astonished at her strength of will
and faith and realizing that she would not break her
fast, they requested her to pray for them.
Her death:
Zainab, the niece of Nafeesa states that as Nafeesa
neared death, she began reciting Surah Al An'aam
and continued recitation till she reached the verse:
For them is the abode of peace with their Lord. He
will be their protecting Friend because they
practiced righteousness.
Surah Al An'aam, Verse 127
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
70
Lady Ruqayya
Ruqayya was the daughter of Ali Al Reza, the son
of Musa Al Kazim, son of Jafar As Sadiq, son of
Muhammad Al Baqar, son of Imam Zainul Abideen
son of Imam Hussain.
Some historians state that she is Ruqayya,
daughter of Ali, son of Abu Talib. This would mean
that she is actually the sister of Imam Hussain. But
this theory is incorrect, as the daughter of Ali was
buried in Damascus.And there is a poem on the door
of her shrine in Cairo which gives a brief
introduction to Ruqayya. The meaning of the poem is:
This place was blessed by the presence of the
Prophet's family
Especially by Ruqayya, the daughter of Ali Al Reza
The meaning of her name:
Ruqayya is an Arabic word meaning progress or
development. She was named thus in the hopes that
she would progress both spiritually and materially.
71
72
Lady Fatima
Fatima was the daughter of Imam Hussain, the
son of Ali (May Allah bless him). She would
therefore be the sister of Lady Sokaina. However,
their mothers were different. Fatima's mother was
Umme Ishaq, daughter of Talha, the well-known
companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) and one of the ten companions
who were promised Paradise by the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allah be upon him).
The meaning of her name:
Fatima is an Arabic word which has been derived
from the word "Fetam", which means to wean or
separate. She was named Fatima in anticipation that
she would be separated from sins and evil deeds and
would be preoccupied by righteousness.
Her birth and upbringing:
She was born in 45 A.H. and was almost two
years older than her sister Sokaina. She grew up
under the loving care of her father, Imam Hussain
and she inherited the righteousness and piety of her
blessed father.50
73
Her marriage:
When she reached the age of marriage, she
became famous for her beauty and purity. Her
cousin Hasan, son of Imam Hasan came to his uncle
Imam Hussain as was previously mentioned. Imam
Hussain preferred Hasan to marry Fatima instead of
Sokaina.
She entered Egypt along with her aunt Zainab in
61 A.H. after the tragedy of Karbala and remained
there with her sister, Sokaina. She was married and
blessed with children in Egypt .
She had a son from her first husband Hasan. His
name was Abdullah Al Mahz, a great scholar and
poet. He is the father of Ibrahim Al Jawwaad
(Ibrahim the Generous), whose head is buried in Al
Matariyya in Cairo. He is also the father of Zainab,
who was titled "Fatima An Nabawiyya".
Her children apart from Abdullah Al Mahaz are
Ismail Al Dibaj (Dibaj means silk garments and he
was thus called for his striking beauty) and Hasan Al
Musallas. Both these brothers died in prison during
the caliphate of Al Mansoor. However, they were
both survived by their offspring.
74
75
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Abdullah
Ibrahim
Al Hasan
Umme Jafar
the sons of Hasan
Muhammad, son of Abdullah
Umme Hasan, daughter of Ziyad
Umme Hasan, daughter of Jafar, son of Hasan
76
Her death:
She died in 110 A.H. and was buried by the foot
the Muqattam mountain in Cairo.
Other ladies named Fatima:
There are a number of Fatima's belonging to the
family of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah
be upon him), who died and were buried in Egypt.
A few of them are mentioned below:
1. Fatima An Nabawiyya, daughter of
Muhammad, son of Ismail, son of Jafar
As Sadiq. Her grave is situated in Mintaqatul
Khulafaa in Cairo.
2. Fatima, daughter of Ahmad, son of Ismail,
son of Muhammad, son of Jafar As Sadiq. Her
grave is situated in Darbul As Sadat in Cairo
3. Fatima An Nabawiyya, she was called
"Al Aina" meaning a lady who has large and
beautiful eyes. She was similar to her
grandmother Fatima and a number of miracles
are ascribed to her.
4. Fatima Al Mahaziya, her real name was Zainab,
daughter of Abdullah Al Mahaz, son of Hasan,
son of Hasan, son of Ali. She was known as
Fatima and her grave is in Cairo in Al Abbasiya.
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
Hasan's generosity:
Imam Zahabi, the noted Islamic scholar states:
"He was one of the prominent grandchildren of Ali
and Fatima, as well as one of the noblest
personalities of that blessed family. He was an
expert of Islamic jurisprudence and a noted scholar
of many branches of Islamic knowledge. "He was one of
the lucky ones to have met the companions of the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
He was entrusted the governorship of Medina by the
Caliph Mansoor. However, he abdicated the
governorship and traveled to Cairo. He passed away
in Cairo and was buried in old Egypt. His shrine and
its affiliated mosque is well-known in Cairo.61
Imam Abu Haneefa with Zaid:
Imam Abu Haneefa, the most famous Islamic
scholar and a well-known Islamic jurist stated:
"I met a number of Zaid's contemporaries, but I
never found any of them like Zaid, His mental
perception and his vast knowledge was really
matchless and unique."62
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
well-known
96
97
98
Muhammad Wafa
His name was Abdullah Muhammad, son of
Muhammad Al Aswat. He belonged to the Ahlul
Bait through Imam Hasan.
He was born in 702 A.H. in Alexandria and grew
up in an Islamic atmosphere. He got spiritual
guidance from Al Imam Dawood. He also met
luminaries such as Yaqutul Arshi, whose grave in
Alexandria is near the grave of Imam Al Busairi.
He is the chief of the Wafa family, and historical
sources agree that he was given the title of "Wafa"
when he prayed for the River Nile at a time of a
famine. His prayer was accepted by Allah and the
Nile flowed with water once again. "Wafa" mean
sufficient in Arabic.
He was a great writer and a noted poet. Most of
his writings dealt with spiritual aspects and matters
of ascetics. His manuscripts are preserved in the
library of Al Azhar.75
99
100
101
102
Table of contents
1.Preface by Dr.Ali Jumaa Mufti A.R.E...3
2-Preface By Dr . Muhammad Abu Layla. ..6
3. Preface by, Dr.Ejaz Akram.American ,
University. In Cairo. ..8
4.Preface by The Compiler . 11
5.What does Ahlul Bait mean? 15
6.Who is Ali (May Allah be Pleased with him)?..17
7.Fatima Az-Zahra (May Allah be pleased with her)20
8.Imam Hasan (May Allah be pleased with him)..22
9.Imam Hussain (May Allah be pleased with him)...24
10.The museum of prophetic remains. .28
11.Zainab daughter of fatima Az Zahra. ..29
12.Lady Nafeesa43
13. A miracle of Nafeesa...46
14.Nfeesass poems...53
15.Lady Nafeesa the elder.54
16.Lady Sokaina55
17.Umayyad policy towards the Ahlul Bait..59
18.Sokaina and the disaster of karbala..61
19. A story about Sokina...63
20. Sokaina and Arabic literature..66
103
105
106