Korean Demilitarized Zone

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone
Korean Demilitarized Zone

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ; Hangul:

; hanja: ) is a strip of land
running across the Korean Peninsula; it was established at
the end of the Korean War to serve as a buffer zone between
North and South Korea. The DMZ is a de facto border
barrier, which runs in the vicinity of the 38th parallel north.
The DMZ cuts the Korean Peninsula roughly in half,
crossing the 38th parallel on an angle, with the west end of
the DMZ lying south of the parallel and the east end lying
north of it. It was created as part of the Korean Armistice
Agreement between North Korea, the People's Republic of
China, and the United Nations Command forces in 1953.
It is 250 kilometres (160 miles) long,[1] approximately 4 km
(2.5 mi) wide and, despite its name, is the most heavily
militarized border in the world.[2][3] The Northern Limit
Line, or NLL, is the de facto maritime boundary between
North and South Korea in the Yellow Sea and the coastline
and islands on both sides of the NLL are also heavily
militarized.[4]
Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)

Hanbando Bimujangjidae
Korean Peninsula
The Korean DMZ is shown in red with the Military

Demarcation Line (MDL) denoted by the black line.
Type
Contents
Site information
Controlled by
1 History
2 Joint Security Area
3 DMZ-related incidents and incursions
3.1 Incursion tunnels
4 Propaganda
4.1 Buildings
4.2 Flagpoles
4.3 Korean Wall
5 Transportation
6 Nature reserve
7 Gallery
7.1 JSA
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
DMZ
North Korea
South Korea
United States
United Nations
Open to
the public
No, access only by permission
Condition
Fully manned and operational
Site history
Built by
North Korea
South Korea
United States
United Nations
In use
July 27, 1953, onwards
Events
Division of Korea
History
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The 38th parallel northwhich divides the Korean

Peninsula roughly in halfwas the original boundary
between the United States and Soviet brief administration
areas of Korea at the end of World War II. Upon the creation
of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK,
informally North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (ROK,
informally South Korea) in 1948, it became a de facto
international border and one of the most tense fronts in the
Cold War.
Both the North and the South remained heavily dependent
on their sponsor states from 1948 to the outbreak of the
Korean War. The conflict, which claimed over three million
A South Korean checkpoint in the DMZ (viewed
lives and divided the Korean Peninsula along ideological
from the North Korean side), August 17, 2005.
lines, commenced on June 25, 1950, with a full-front DPRK
invasion across the 38th parallel, and ended in 1953 after
international intervention pushed the front of the war back to near the 38th parallel.
In the Armistice Agreement of July 27, 1953, the DMZ
was created as each side agreed to move their troops back
2,000 m (2,200 yards) from the front line, creating a buffer
zone 4 km (2.5 mi) wide. The Military Demarcation Line
(MDL) goes down the center of the DMZ and indicates
exactly where the front was when the agreement was
signed.
Detail of the DMZ
Owing to this theoretical stalemate, and genuine hostility between the North and the South, large numbers of
troops are still stationed along both sides of the line, each side guarding against potential aggression from the
other side. The armistice agreement explains exactly how many military personnel and what kind of weapons
are allowed in the DMZ. Soldiers from both sides may patrol inside the DMZ, but they may not cross the MDL.
Sporadic outbreaks of violence due to North Korean hostilities killed over 500 South Korean soldiers and 50
U.S. soldiers along the DMZ between 1953 and 1999.[5]
Daeseong-dong (also written Tae Sung Dong) and Kijng-dong were the only villages allowed by the armistice
committee to remain within the boundaries of the DMZ.[6] Residents of Tae Sung Dong are governed and
protected by the United Nations Command and are generally required to spend at least 240 nights per year in
the village to maintain their residency.[6] In 2008, the village had a population of 218 people.[6] The villagers of
Tae Sung Dong are direct descendants of people who owned the land before the 195053 Korean War.[7]
To continue to deter North Korean incursion, in 2014 the United States government exempted the Korean DMZ
from its pledge to eliminate anti-personnel landmines.[8]
Joint Security Area

Inside the DMZ, near the western coast of the peninsula, Panmunjom is the home of the Joint Security Area
(JSA). Originally, it was the only connection between North and South Korea[9] but that changed in 2007 when
a Korail train crossed the DMZ to the North on the new Donghae Bukbu Line built on the east coast of Korea.
There are several buildings on both the north and the south side of the Military Demarcation Line (MDL), and a
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few are built right on top of it. The JSA is the location where all
negotiations since 1953 have been held, including statements of Korean
solidarity, which have generally amounted to little except a slight decline
of tensions. The MDL goes through the conference rooms and down the
middle of the conference tables where the North Koreans and the United
Nations Command (primarily South Koreans and Americans) meet face
to face.
Within the JSA are a number of buildings for joint meetings called
Conference Row. These are used for direct talks between the Korean
War participants and parties to the armistice. Facing the Conference
Row buildings are the North Korean Panmungak (English: Panmun
Hall) and the South Korean Freedom House. In 1994, North Korea
enlarged Panmungak by adding a third floor. In 1998, South Korea built
a new Freedom House for its Red Cross staff and to possibly host
reunions of families separated by the Korean War. The new building
incorporated the old Freedom House Pagoda within its design.
View of the North from the southern

side of the JSA.
Since 1953 there have been occasional confrontations and skirmishes

within the JSA. The Axe Murder Incident in August 1976 involved the
attempted trimming of a tree which resulted in two deaths (CPT Arthur
Bonifas and 1LT Mark Barrett). Another incident occurred on November
Conference Row seen from the
23, 1984, when a Soviet tourist Vasily Matuzok (sometimes spelled
northern side of the JSA.
Matusak), who was part of an official trip to the JSA (hosted by the
North), ran across the MDL shouting that he wanted to defect.[10] North
Korean troops immediately chased after him opening fire. Border guards on the South Korean side returned fire
eventually surrounding the North Koreans as they pursued Matusak. One South Korean and three North Korean
soldiers were killed in the action, and Matusak was not captured.[11]
In late 2009, South Korean forces in conjunction with the United Nations Command began renovation of its
three guard posts and two checkpoint buildings within the JSA compound. Construction was designed to
enlarge and modernize the structures. Work was undertaken a year after North Korea finished replacing four
JSA guard posts on its side of the MDL.[12]
DMZ-related incidents and incursions

Since demarcation, the DMZ has had numerous cases of incidents and
incursions by the North Koreans, although the North Korean
government never acknowledges direct responsibility for any of these
incidents.[13] These include:
October 1966October 1969: The Korean DMZ Conflict, a series
of skirmishes along the DMZ, results in 43 American, 299 South
Korean and 397 North Korean soldiers killed.[14]
A portion of the North Korean DMZ
January 17, 1968: 31 North Korean commandos crossed the
seen from the Joint Security Area in
border disguised as South Korean soldiers in the Blue House Raid,
January 1976.
an attempt to assassinate President Park Chung Hee at the Blue
House. The failed mission resulted in 29 commandos killed (one
committed suicide), one captured and one escaped. Two South Korean policemen and five civilians were
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killed by the commandos. Other reports indicated as many as 68 South Koreans were killed and 66
wounded, including about 24 civilians. Three Americans were killed and another three wounded in an
attempt to prevent the commandos from escaping back via the DMZ.[15]
October 1968: 130 North Korean commandos entered the Ulchin and Samcheok areas in Gangwon-do.
Eventually 110 of them were killed, 7 captured, and 13 escaped.
March 1969: Six North Korean infiltrators crossed the border near Chumunjin, Gangwon-do and killed a
South Korean policeman on guard duty.
April 1970: Three North Korean infiltrators were killed and five South Korean soldiers wounded at an
encounter in Kumchon, Gyeonggi-do.
November 20, 1974: The first of what would be a series of North Korean infiltration tunnels under the
DMZ was discovered. The joint ROK-U.S. investigation team tripped a North Korean booby-trap, killing
one American and wounding 6 others.
March 1975: The second North Korean infiltration tunnel was
discovered.
June 1976: Three North Korean infiltrators and six South Korean
soldiers were killed in the eastern sector south of the DMZ.
Another six South Korean soldiers were injured.
August 18, 1976: The axe murder incident resulted in the death of
two U.S. soldiers and injuries to another four U.S. soldiers and
five South Korean soldiers.
July 14, 1977: An American CH-47 Chinook helicopter was shot
down after straying into the north over the DMZ. Three airmen
Operation Paul Bunyan, to remove a
were killed and one was briefly held prisoner (this was the sixth
tree in front of the Bridge of No
[16]
Return, takes place following the axe
such incident since the armistice was signed).
murder incident in August 1976.
October 1978: The third North Korean infiltration tunnel was
discovered.
October 1979: Three North Korean agents attempting to infiltrate the eastern sector of the DMZ were
intercepted, killing one of the agents.
December 6, 1979: US patrol in the DMZ accidentally crossed the MDL into a North Korean minefield.
One US soldier was killed and four were injured.[17]
March 1980: Three North Korean infiltrators were killed attempting to enter the south across the estuary
of the Han River.
March 1981: Three North Korean infiltrators spotted at Kumhwa, Gangwon-do, with one being killed.
July 1981: Three North Korean infiltrators were killed in the upper stream of Imjin River.
May 1982: Two North Korean infiltrators were spotted on the east coast, with one being killed.
March 1990: The fourth North Korean infiltration tunnel was discovered, in what may be a total of 17
tunnels in all.
May 1992: Three North Korean infiltrators dressed in South Korean uniforms were killed at Cheorwon,
Gangwon-do. Three South Koreans were also wounded.
December 17, 1994: An American OH-58A+ Kiowa helicopter crosses 10 km into North Korean territory
and was shot down. Of the crew of two, one died and the other was held for 13 days.[17]
October 1995: Two North Korean infiltrators were intercepted at Imjin River. One was killed, while the
other escaped.
April 1996: Several hundred North Korean armed troops enter the Joint Security Area and elsewhere on
three occasions, in violation of the Korean armistice agreement.
May 1996: Seven North Korean soldiers crossed the DMZ, but withdrew when fired upon by South
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Korean troops.
April 1997: Five North Korean soldiers crossed the military demarcation line's in the Cheorwon sector
and fired at South Korean positions.
July 16, 1997: Fourteen North Korean soldiers crossed the MDL, causing a half-hour exchange of heavy
gunfire.[18]
October 26, 2000: Two US aircraft observing a ROK army military exercise accidentally crossed over the
DMZ.[17]
May 26, 2006: Two North Korean soldiers entered the DMZ and crossed into South Korea. They returned
after South Korean soldiers fired warning shots.
October 7, 2006: South Korean soldiers fired warning shots after five North Korean soldiers crossed
briefly into their side of the border.
October 27, 2009: A South Korean pig farmer, who was wanted for assault, cut a hole in the DMZ fence
and defected to North Korea.[19]
October 29, 2010: Two shots were fired from North Korea toward a South Korean post near Hwacheon
and South Korean troops fired three shots in return.[20]
October 6, 2012: An 18-year-old North Korean Army private defected to South Korea. He was apparently
not detected as he crossed the DMZ and had to knock on an ROK barracks door to draw attention to
himself. The soldier later told investigators that he had defected after killing two of his superiors.[21][22]
September 16, 2013: A 47-year-old man was shot dead by South Korean soldiers while trying to swim
across the Tanpocheon Stream near Paju to North Korea.[23]
March 24, 2014: A North Korean drone was found crashed near Paju, the onboard cameras contained
pictures of the Blue House and military installations near the DMZ. Another North Korean drone crashed
on Baengnyeongdo on March 31.[24][25]
October 19, 2014: A group of North Korean soldiers approached the South Korean border and South
Korean soldiers fired warning shots. The North Korean soldiers returned fire before retreating. No
injuries or property damage results.[26]
June 15, 2015: A teenaged North Korean soldier walked across the DMZ and defected at a South Korean
guard post in north-eastern Hwacheon.[27]
In 1976, in now declassified meeting minutes, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense William Clements told Henry
Kissinger that there had been 200 raids or incursions into North Korea from the south, though not by the U.S.
military.[28] Details of only a few of these incursions have become public, including raids by South Korean
forces in 1967 that had sabotaged about 50 North Korean facilities.[29]
Incursion tunnels
Since November 15, 1974, the South has discovered that four tunnels crossing the DMZ have been dug by
North Korea. This is indicated by the orientation of the blasting lines within each tunnel. Upon their discovery,
North Korea claimed that the tunnels were for coal mining; however, no coal has been found in the tunnels,
which are dug through granite. Some of the tunnel walls have been painted black to give the appearance of
anthracite.[30]
The tunnels are believed to have been planned as a military invasion route by North Korea. Each shaft is large
enough to permit the passage of an entire infantry division in one hour, though the tunnels are not wide enough
for tanks or vehicles. All the tunnels run in a north-south direction and do not have branches. Following each
discovery, engineering within the tunnels has become progressively more advanced. For example, the third
tunnel sloped slightly upwards as it progressed southward, to prevent water stagnation. Today, visitors may visit
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the second, third and fourth tunnels through guided tours.[31]

First
The first of the tunnels was discovered on November 20, 1974, by a
South Korean Army patrol, noticing steam rising from the ground. The
initial discovery was met with automatic fire from North Korean
soldiers. Five days later, during a subsequent exploration of this tunnel,
U.S. Navy Commander Robert M. Ballinger and ROK Marine Corps
Major Kim Hah Chul were killed in the tunnel by a North Korean
explosive device. The blast also wounded five Americans and one South
Korean from the United Nations Command.
The tunnel, which was about 0.9 by 1.2 m (3 by 4 ft), extended more
than 1 km (0.62 mi) beyond the MDL into South Korea. The tunnel was
reinforced with concrete slabs and had electric power and lighting. There
were weapon storage and sleeping areas. A narrow gauge railway with
carts had also been installed. Estimates based on the tunnel's size suggest
it would have allowed approximately 2,000 KPA soldiers (one regiment)
to pass through it per hour.[32]
Entrance to the North Korean-dug 4th

Infiltration Tunnel, Korean DMZ.
Second
The second tunnel was discovered on March 19, 1975. It is of similar length to the first tunnel. It is located
between 50 and 160 m (160 and 520 ft) below ground, but is larger than the first, approximately 2 by 2 m (7 by
7 feet).
Third
The third tunnel was discovered on October 17, 1978. Unlike the previous two, the third tunnel was discovered
following a tip from a North Korean defector. This tunnel is about 1,600 m (5,200 ft) long and about 73 m
(240 ft) below ground.[33] Foreign visitors touring the South Korean DMZ may view inside this tunnel using a
sloped access shaft.
Fourth
A fourth tunnel was discovered on March 3, 1990, north of Haean town in the former Punchbowl battlefield.
The tunnel's dimensions are 2 by 2 m (7 by 7 feet), and it is 145 metres (476 ft) deep. The method of
construction is almost identical in structure to the second and the third tunnels.[34]
Propaganda
Buildings
Both North and South Korea maintain peace villages in sight of each other's side of the DMZ. In the South,
Daeseong-dong is administered under the terms of the DMZ. Villagers are classed as Republic of Korea
citizens, but are exempt from paying tax and other civic requirements such as military service.
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Kijng-dong, seen from South Korea.
In the North, Kijng-dong features a number of brightly painted, pouredconcrete multi-story buildings and apartments with electric lighting.
These features represented an unheard of level of luxury for rural
Koreans, north or south, in the 1950s. The town was oriented so that the
bright blue roofs and white sides of the buildings would be the most
distinguishing features when viewed from the border. However, based on
scrutiny with modern telescopic lenses, it has been claimed the buildings
are mere concrete shells lacking window glass or even interior rooms,
[35][36] with the building lights turned on and off at set times and the
empty sidewalks swept by a skeleton crew of caretakers in an effort to
preserve the illusion of activity.[37]
Until 2004, massive loudspeakers mounted on several of the buildings delivered

DPRK propaganda broadcasts directed towards the south as well as propaganda
radio broadcasts across the border.[35] In 2004, both North and South agreed to
mutually end their loudspeaker broadcasts at each other.[38]
Flagpoles
In the 1980s, the South Korean government built a 98.4 m (323 ft) tall flagpole
with a 130 kg (287 lb) South Korean flag in Daeseong-dong. The North Korean
government responded by building what was then the tallest flagpole in the
world at 160 m (525 ft) with a 270 kg (595 lb) North Korean flag in
Kijng-dong near Panmunjom, in what some have called the "flagpole war." The
flagpole was superseded as the world's tallest, following the construction of the
flagpole in Baku's National Flag Square at 162 m (531 ft).[35][39][40] Both
flagpoles were topped in 2011 by the Dushanbe Flagpole in Tajikistan, at 165 m
(541 ft).[41] Which was subsequently superseded in 2014 by the Jeddah Flagpole
in Saudi Arabia, at 171 m (561 ft).
The world's fourth-tallest

flagpole flying a North
Korean flag over
Kijng-dong near
Panmunjom.
Korean Wall
According to the DPRK, between 1977 and 1979 the South Korean and United States authorities constructed a
concrete wall along the DMZ. Dutch journalist and filmmaker Peter Tetteroo shot footage of a barrier which his
North Korean guides said was the Korean Wall.[42] Various organisations, such as the DPRK tour guide
company Korea Konsult repeat these claims of a wall dividing the Korean Peninsula, saying that:
In the area south of the Military Demarcation Line, which cuts across Korea at its waist, there is a
concrete wall which [...] stretches more than 240 km (149 mi) from east to west, is 58 m
(1626 ft) high, 1019 m (3362 ft) thick at the bottom, and 37 m (1023 ft) wide in the upper
part. It is set with wire entanglements and dotted with gun embrasures, look-outs and varieties of
military establishments.
Korea Konsult[43]
In December 1999, Chu Chang-jun, North Korea's longtime ambassador to China, repeated claims that a "wall"
divided Korea. He said the south side of the wall is packed with soil, which permits access to the top of the wall
and makes it effectively invisible from the south side. He also claimed that it served as a bridgehead for any
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northward invasion.[44][45]
The United States and South Korea deny the wall's existence,although
they do claim there are anti-tank barriers along some sections of the
DMZ.
In the RT documentary "10 Days in North Korea," the crew shot footage
of the wall as seen from the North, apparently confirming its existence,
and in addition to providing a clear visual, the narration describes it as a
"5 meter high wall stretching from east to west".[46]
Transportation
The Korean Wall in the Demilitarized

Zone seen through binoculars from
the North Korean side.
Panmunjeom is the site of the negotiations that ended the Korean War
and is the main center of human activity in the DMZ. The village is located on the main highway and near a
railroad connecting the two Koreas.
The railway, which connects Seoul and Pyongyang, was called the Gyeongui Line before division in the 1940s.
Currently the South uses the original name, but the North refers to the route as the P'yngbu Line. The railway
line has been mainly used to carry materials and South Korean workers to the Kaesong Industrial Region. Its
reconnection has been seen as part of the general improvement in the relations between North and South in the
early part of this century. However, in November 2008 North Korean authorities closed the railway amid
growing tensions with the South.[47] Following the death of former South Korean President, Kim Dae-jung,
conciliatory talks were held between South Korean officials and a North Korean delegation who attended Kim's
funeral. In September 2009, the Kaesong rail and road crossing was reopened.[48]
The road at Panmunjeom, which was known historically as Highway One in the South, was originally the only
access point between the two countries on the Korean Peninsula. Passage is comparable to the strict movements
that occurred at Checkpoint Charlie in Berlin at the height of the Cold War. Both North and South Korea's roads
end in the JSA; the highways do not quite join as there is a 20 cm (8 in) concrete line that divides the entire site.
People given the rare permission to cross this border must do so on foot before continuing their journey by road.
In 2007, on the east coast of Korea, the first train crossed the DMZ on
the new Donghae Bukbu (Tonghae Pukpu) Line. The new rail crossing
was built adjacent to the road which took South Koreans to Mount
Kumgang Tourist Region, a region that has significant cultural
importance for all Koreans. More than one million civilian visitors
crossed the DMZ until the route was closed following the shooting of a
53-year-old South Korean tourist in July 2008.[49] After a joint
investigation was rebuffed by the North, the Republic of Korea
government suspended tours to the resort. Since then the resort and the
Donghae Bukbu Line have effectively been closed by the North.[50][51]
Nature reserve
The Donghae-bukbu line on Korea's

east coast. The road and rail link was
built for South Koreans visiting the
Mount Kumgang Tourist Region in
the North.
In the past half century, the Korean DMZ has been a deadly place for
humans, making habitation impossible. Only around the village of Panmunjeom and more recently the Dong
Bukbu Line on Korea's east coast have there been regular incursions by people.
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This natural isolation along the 250 km (160 mi) length of the DMZ has created an involuntary park which is
now recognized as one of the most well-preserved areas of temperate habitat in the world.[52]
The endangered Amur Leopard that

may have found unlikely protection
within the Korean DMZ.
Several endangered animal and plant species now exist among the
heavily fortified fences, landmines and listening posts. These include the
extremely rare red-crowned crane (a staple of Asian art), and the
white-naped crane as well as, potentially, the extremely rare Siberian
tiger,[52] Amur leopard and Asiatic black bear. Ecologists have identified
some 2,900 plant species, 70 types of mammals and 320 kinds of birds
within the narrow buffer zone.[52] Additional surveys are now being
conducted throughout the region.[53]
The DMZ owes its varied biodiversity to its geography, which crosses
mountains, prairies, swamps, lakes and tidal marshes. Environmentalists
hope that the DMZ will be conserved as a wildlife refuge, with a well-developed set of objective and
management plans vetted and in place. In 2005, CNN founder and media mogul Ted Turner, on a visit to North
Korea, said that he would financially support any plans to turn the DMZ into a peace park and a UN-protected
World Heritage Site.[54]
In September 2011, South Korea submitted Nomination form to Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) in
UNESCO for designation of 435 km in the southern part of the DMZ below the Military Demarcation Line, as
well as 2,979 km in privately controlled areas, as a Biosphere Reserve according to the Statutory Framework of
the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.[55] MAB National Committee of the Republic of Korea mentioned
only southern part of DMZ to be nominated since there was no response from Pyongyang when it requested
Pyongyang to push jointly. North Korea is a member nation of the international coordinating council of
UNESCOs Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, which designates Biosphere Reserves.[56]
North Korea opposed the application as a violation of the armistice agreement during the council's meeting in
Paris on July 9 to 13. The South Korean government's attempt to designate the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) a
UNESCO Biosphere Reserve was turned down at UNESCO's MAB council meeting in Paris in July, 2012.
Pyongyang expressed its opposition by sending letters to 32 council member countries, except for Korea, and
the UNESCO headquarters a month prior to the meeting. At the council meeting, Pyongyang unfolded political
rhetoric, claiming that the designation violates the Armistice Agreement.[57] It also claimed that DMZ is under
jurisdiction of both South Korea and UNC, therefore it is necessary to gain consent from UNC over the
designation. Despite the effort put by Republic of Korea, on July 12, the MAB International Coordinating
Council (ICC) deferred South Korea's September 2011 application.
Gallery
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Republic of Korea
(ROK) soldiers and a
United States (U.S.)
officer monitor the
Korean Demilitarized
Zone from atop OP
Ouellette near
Panmunjeom.
An ROK soldier
protects the door to
North Korea in the
building where the
armistice was signed.
A U.S. soldier, assigned

to the United Nations
Command Security
Battalion, meets local
children.
Main entrance into the

North Korean DMZ,
north of Panmunjom.
375754.23N
1263846.59E
Looking back toward

the same entrance. An
anti-tank measure
carries the slogan:
"Reunification without
outside interference".
North Korean
propaganda that states:
"Let us pass on the
united country to the
next generation!".
The KPA has prepared

cement blocks ready to
act as emergency
roadblocks.
375752.88N
1263853.14E
House where the

Armistice Agreement
was signed ending the
Korean War.
37.961092N
126.6647E
View from North Korea

of an outpost on the
southern boundary of
the DMZ.
JSA
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The Republic of Korea's The original Freedom

Freedom Building, JSA. Pagoda.
Camp Bonifas stands

just outside the South
Korean Joint Security
Area.
A Korean People's
Army watchtower in the
Joint Security Area in
March 1976.
A DPRK soldier
standing guard on the
road to the JSA.
North Korean border

troops monitor
Conference Row.
North Korea's Hall of

Unification in the JSA.
375727.69N
1264037.17E
The concrete boundary

in Conference Row,
JSA.
Crossing into the

DPRK's part of Joint
Security Area within
the DMZ.
Military Demarcation
Line marker on the
South Korean side of
the Bridge of No
Return.
Looking toward North

ROK MP stands guard
Korea across the Bridge on the Bridge of No
of No Return.
Return.
375721.88N
1264018.86E
See also
Camp Bonifas
Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission
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Notes
1. "Korean Demilitarized Zone: Image of the Day" (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=3660). NASA
Earth Observatory. Retrieved 2010-03-26.
2. Bermudez (2001), pg 1.
3. "Background Note: North Korea" (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2792.htm), US Department of State, October,
2006.
4. Elferink, Alex G. Oude. (1994). The Law of Maritime Boundary Delimitation: a Case Study of the Russian
Federation, p. 314. (https://books.google.com/books?id=x-VYb-wida8C&pg=PA314), p. 314, at Google Books
5. Potts, Rolf (3 February 1999). "Korea's no-man's-land" (http://www.salon.com/1999/02/03/feature_115/). Salon.
Retrieved 31 January 2013.
6. "DMZ sixth-graders become graduates" (http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=52586). Stars and
Stripes. 2008-02-19.
7. "Santa mobbed by students during visit to Joint Security Area" (http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/01/26/16093-santamobbed-by-students-during-visit-to-joint-security-area/). army.mil.com -The Official U.S. Army Website. Retrieved
2009-12-11.
8. Kwaak, Jeyup S (24 September 2014). "Why the Korean Peninsula Keeps Land Mines" (http://blogs.wsj.com
/korearealtime/2014/09/24/why-the-korean-peninsula-keeps-landmines/). Wall Street Journal.
9. "Panmunjon" (http://imcom.korea.army.mil/imakoroweb/sites/local/news/020808_IMCOMK_DMZ.asp).
army.mil.com. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
10. http://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/korea/general-revisits-deadly-1984-thanksgiving-firefight-at-dmz-1.161443
11. "Korea Demilitarized Zone Incidents" (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/dmz-list.htm). 2009-05-28.
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References
Bermudez, Joseph S. (2001). Shield of the Great Leader. The Armed Forces of North Korea. The Armed
Forces of Asia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-582-5.
Elferink, Alex G. Oude, (1994). The Law of Maritime Boundary Delimitation: a Case Study of the
Russian Federation. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff. 10-ISBN 079233082X/13-ISBN 9780792330820;
OCLC 123566768 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/law-of-maritime-boundary-delimitation-a-case-studyof-the-russian-federation/oclc/123566768)
External links
U.S. Army official Korean Demilitarized Zone image archive
Wikimedia Commons has
(http://www.flickr.com/photos/imcomkorea
media related to Korean
/sets/72157607715383952//)
Demilitarized Zone.
Washington Post Correspondent Amar Bakshi travels to the
Korean Demilitarized Zone... And uncovers the world's most
Wikivoyage has a travel
guide for DMZ (Korea).
dangerous tourist trap (http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com
/postglobal/america/2008/01/too_sexy_for_the_dmz.html),
January 2008.
Status and ecological resource value of the Republic of Korea's De-militarized Zone
(http://www.springerlink.com/content/n2271722420134m0/)
Tour Of DMZ on YouTube. Dec. 2007 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6cIUKOqPMI)
DMZ Forum: Collaborative international NGO focusing on promoting peace and conservation within the
Korean DMZ region (http://www.dmzforum.org/)
ABCNews/Yahoo! report/blog on the DMZ (http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/power-players-abc-news
/inside-tour-scariest-place-earth-072912137.html)
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The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ; Hangul: