1) What is stress when referring to engineering materials?

Name the types

of stress set-up in the following: (Page 35)

a) a cylinder cover stud

b) the crank web
c) the connection rod
d) the shaft forward of the thrust collar
e) when the piston is on the down stroke
f) the propeller shaft aft of the stern tube

2) Describe a machinery breakdown you have experienced at sea. How were

repairs affected?

3) Sketch and describe a bilge and ballast system suitable for a 7500 ton
cargo vessel with a cellular bottom. State the number and capacity, in
tonnes per hour, of the pumps required for each system

4) What is the density of seawater? What is the maximum density a boiler

could be operated if undistilled water had to be used and what would an
increase or decrease of this density result in?

5) Describe a dry type sprinkler system for a passenger vessel. How is the
compressed air maintained in the system and how is the valve reset after
tripping?

6) Explain the procedures for dry-docking a vessel for a full survey. What
precautions are taken before undocking?

7) Name three types of metals used in construction of propeller blades;

state the advantages and disadvantages of each.

8) What is spontaneous combustion? How can it be prevented in the engine

room spaces?

9) Sketch and describe a windlass with which you are familiar. State the
procedures of operation.
Exam 01

01) Describe how to check wear down on tail shaft using lignum vitae
bushing and what wear to allow on 12" shaft also result if greater wear
occurs.

02 - Describe an indicator. How to obtain MEP and IHP, use example to work
out.

03 - How is a large IC engine secured. What provisions are made to tank

tops? Sketch holding down bolt.

04 - Referring to tensile test for metals what is: (Give readings you would
expect)
Ultimate strength
Yield point for mild steel tail shaft
Elongation

05 - Describe fire fighting equipment and detecting equipment etc. for

passenger vessels including full sketch of sprinkler system.

06 - Using double bottom water ballast tanks what type valves are used and
wily? How are they filled and emptied. Describe operation. What provisions
are made for venting and dipping and where?

07 - Describe and sketch any flexible coupling you know.

08 - Referring to anchor chains and steering cables where is wear and

associated problems likely to occur and how would you rectify them?

09 - Describe fully a telemotor system.

Exam 02

01 - What is the difference between a blower and a compressor? Describe at

least three methods of controlling the output of a compressor. Sketch a
compressor valve with which you are familiar.

02 - Sketch the mid ship section of a ship on which you have sailed.

03 - Name the steps taken in starting up and paralleling a diesel driven

auxiliary, generator.

04 - Name three types of clutches used in marine diesel engines and

describe one.

05 - Enumerate the precautions to be taken prior to and during the

bunkering of a vessel. Sketch and described tank contents gauge of the
pneumatic type and state whether not this instrument is accurate.

06 - How thick would you expect to find the steel plating of a 15,000 ton
cargo ship? If you wanted to find the exact figure where would you look on
board ship? What are scantlings?

07 - Assume the ship on which you are sailing had grounded and was due to
dry dock at the end of the voyage. What troubles would you anticipate
during the rest of the voyage and what would you do In dry dock?

Exam 03

01 - What are bilge blocks? Discuss what you consider the duties of a
second engineer when the ship is in dry-dock for a four year survey.

02 - Describe the functions of the following: synchroscope, borescopes

stethescopes, stroboscopes, obilliscope and microscope and state which
would be used or carried on board ship.

03 - Differentiate between forced, induced, and balanced draft, and state

the advantages and disadvantages of each.

04 - Compare at least six qualities of at least three -different refrigerants.

05 - State the provisions to prevent damage to the steering gear in:

a steam steering system

an electric hydraulic system

an electric system

What time would you expect a steering gear to take to go from hard over to
hard over? What should prevent a steering gear from turning- beyond the
prescribed limits?

06 - What is the purpose of an inclining experiment? What effect has a slack

tank on a vessel's stability? Does it matter whether slack tank is high or
low?

07 - State all the safety equipment required for the operation of your choice
of refrigeration equipment, including the cold rooms.

Exam 04

01 - Name six types of pumps indicating in each case if it is positive

displacement. What types would you use for the following services - lube oil,
domestic water, main circulator boiler feed, fuel oil transfer, bilge.

02 - Sketch the bilge system fitted to your last ship.

03 - Sketch and describe an evaporator. What are the advantages of a

multiple effect evaporator.

04 - Describe an arc welding system. What are the purposes of the flux on
the electrode?

05 - Sketch and describe a reducing valve.

06 - Describe the following tests and indicate where or on what parts of a

ship these would be carried out:
- hydrostatic test
- hose test
- head test
- drop test
- hammer test

07 - Name two methods of measuring electrical resistance and describe one

of them in full.

Exam 05

01 - Sketch the connections for ground lamps on a D.C. switchboard. How do

these lamps indicate a ground and how would you proceed to locate a
ground if one was indicated?

02 - What is meant by forced draft, induced draft and balanced draft?

Compare the three methods.

03 - List all the emergency equipment required on a large passenger ship

together with its location and testing routines.

04 - Sketch and describe either

A Scotch marine boiler or
A waste heat boiler.

05 - Sketch a typical AC switchboard for a large vessel naming all

instruments switches, etc.

06 Describe in full the procedure for making a riveted joint in pressure

vessel.

07 - Describe the process of remetalling a white metal bearings

Exam 06

01 - Give four causes of brushes sparking on a DC machine and the steps

you would take to remedy these.

02 - Describe with the aid of a simple sketch long shunt, short shunt, series
and compound windings for a D.C. generator. Which windings would be
heaviest, the shunt or series?

03 - Sketch the fuel oil system for a ship with two boilers burning bunker C
fuel.

04 - What are the causes of fire on board ship and what steps can be taken
to eliminate these?
List the methods of detecting fire used on board a cargo ship.

05 - Describe the procedure for drawing a propeller shaft for inspection.

What defects would you look for? What is meant by a continuous liner?

06 - List four methods of lubricating bearings. Compare white and roller

bearings. Describe the procedure for removing and replacing a ball bearing.

07 - Describe a Michell Thrust Block. Give a sketch of a pad showing the

method of achieving an oil wedge and state the clearness you would expect.

Exam 07

01 - What effect has carbon content on the physical characteristics of steel?

Give typical carbon contents of cast irons tool steel and cold rolled steel.

02 - Describe the processes of annealing normalizing and case hardening.

03 - Name four methods of non-destructive testing and describe one of

them in detail.

04 -What precautions would you take when taking bunkers? What

information would you expect on the bunker slip you receive from the Oil
Company? Give typical values for a bunker C oil.

05 - Sketch and describe a safety valve.

06 - List the steps necessary to take a boiler off load and prepare it for an
extended lay up.

07 - What is pH and what value of pH would you consider desirable in the

water of a marine water tube boiler. Describe a test to determine the
hardness of boiler water.

Exam 08

01 - What is galvanic action and where on a ship would you be likely to find
evidence of this? Define the following in a few words:
Sacrificial anode
Impressed Current system

02 - Sketch and describe a Heli-shaw pump as used in a steering gear.

03 - What is a hunting gear? Show all temperatures and pressures.

04 - Draw a line diagram of a refrigeration system with which you are

familiar. Show all temperatures and pressures.

05 - How are fires classed? Name the types of fire fighting mediums used to
fight these. Sketch a portable extinguisher suitable for use on a class C fire.

06 - Describe an inert gas system such as would be used on a tanker.

07 - Describe a CO2 flooding system as normally fitted on a cargo ship.

What steps should be taken before this system is operated in the engine
room?

Exam 09

1How is anchor chain measured?

What is meant by ranging the anchor cables?
What maintenance procedures and inspection should be carried out when
the anchors are being ranged?

2 - How is the main engine thrust transmitted to the vessel? Use a sketch to
explain.

3 - Describe a lube oil purifier of the centrifugal type.

4 - Draw up a typical job list for work to be done on a ship during her annual
dry-docking.

5 - Sketch and describe a hydraulic steering gear with which you are
familiar.

6 - Describe the Ward Leonard steering gear.

7 - Describe a process for making steel.

Posted April 2002

Test 10

1. What is meant by Port Scavenging. Valve Scanvenging and

Supercharging? Give an advantage and disadvantage of each.

2. List the possible causes of a crank case explosion and explain how they
may be prevented.

3. What is meant by Open and Closed flash points? Describe the

apparatus used for testing flash point. Give the approximate flash points of
Parafin, Diesel fuel, Boiler fuel and gasoline.

4. Describe a fuel pump for solid injection. Explain fully its operation and
the material it is made of.

5. Sketch a describe the cam location of a 4 cycle diesel engine. What

effects would cam wear have on engine performance?

6. Sketch and describe a Fresh Water cooler fitted to a sea going vessel.
What provision is made to prevent salt-water contamination of the system.

7. Describe any Detuner you are familiar with.

8. Describe a 3-stage air compressor. Give the temperature and pressure of

each stage. What would be the effect of over lubrication.

9. What is meant by Compression Ratio? What is average ratio for Diesel

Engines? Would an increase in volume alter the compression Ratio?

Test 11

1. Describe the construction of an opposed piston engine and name the

materials. Give the advantages over a single acting piston 2 cycle engine.

2. Why are intercoolers used on air compressors? Explain how you would
examine and test an intercooler. What type of air compressors require
intercoolers?

3. List the difference exhaust and scavenge systems in a 2 cycle engine.

Describe one of these systems and give pressures and temperatures for
inlet and exhaust manifold.

4. Sketch and describe a lubricating oil system for a large diesel engine.

5. Describe a fuel oil system for a Diesel-Electric propelled vessel.

6. Describe a fuel oil system for a Scotvh marine boiler.

7. Why are a governors fitted to diesel engines? Describe a governor you

are familiar with and explain its action.

8. Describe a 3-stage air compressor and give the advantages over a single
stage.

9. A 4-cycle diesel engine has a leaky fuel valve. Give the symptoms you
would look for, explain the dangers involved and the action you would take
to continue the safe operations of the engine.

Test 12

1.State the reason for explosions taking place in the following and in each
case, the precautions necessary to prevent their occurring.
a) Blast airline
b) Starting line
c) Air compressor
d) Main engine crankcase

2. Describe how you would take over a watch of a large diesel engine vessel

3. Describe in detail the construction of a 2 and 4 cycle diesel engine and

name the materials used.

4. The exhaust temperature of one cylinder is higher than the remainder.

What would be the cause of this, and describe the maintenance carried out
to prevent this occurring?

5. State the reasons for a cylinder line overheating. What would you do to
prevent such an occurrence and give the results of your failure to do so.

6. Describe the different types of air starting and the full details and
operations of one system with which you are familiar.

7. Describe a lubricating oil system for a large diesel engine, and explain
how the oil is kept in good condition

8. What are the characteristics of a lubricating oil used with air

compressors? How is this flash point of lubricating oil found.

9. Sketch and describe a centrifugal type governor. What is its purpose.

Additional Questions Submitted by Colin B.

01.

State the reason for explosions taking place in the following:

starting air pipe

air compressor

main engine crankcase

Also state the precautions that should be taken to prevent such an

explosion.

02.
State how explosions are prevented in fuel tanks. What gases are you
likely to find in empty fuel tanks?

03.
List all the auxiliary machinery for a safe and efficient operation of a
large motor ship.

04.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the' following:

port scavenging valve scavenging

valve scavenging

supercharging

05.
What does supercharging as referred to a diesel engine mean?
Describe a system of supercharging as fitted to a four-cycle engine.

06.
Describe fully the construction and operation of a scavenge pump
for a two cycle diesel engine. Is cooling necessary and at what air pressure
does the pump operate.

07.
Describe all the ways air is applied to 2 cycle engines. Go into
detail on one you are familiar with.

08.
Describe the construction and principle of operation of a diesel
engine silencer.

09.
Describe a detuner with which you are familiar. What is its purpose?
How does it work?

10.
engine.

Describe with the aid of a sketch a governor for an auxiliary

11.
State the composition and calorific value of diesel fuel oil, explain the
meaning of the following giving a numerical example of diesel fuel oil.

specific gravity

closed flash point

fire or burning point

pour point

viscosity

12.
State calorific value of fuel. Describe efficiency of an engine and how
you would improve on it. What are the constituents of stack gas.

13.
What impurities are found in lubricating and fuel oils? What effects do
these impurities have on a diesel engine?

14.
Describe a quick-closing valve as used on a fuel line. Explain fully
how it works and the reasons why it is fitted.

15.
Describe any centrifuge separator (oil) that you are familiar with.
Describe its operation.

16.
Describe the construction of an oil filter as used for a diesel
engine. State the materials used, and what the filtering action is. Explain
the procedure for cleaning an oil filter used on a running engine.

17.
Sketch and describe lube oil system on a diesel engine having a dry
sump showing the filter by-pass system. State how many pumps are
employed.

18.
Describe a system for piston cooling using oil as a medium. State
the advantages over fresh and salt water systems. Why is it necessary to
have the oil analyzed periodically?

19.
Describe a feed water system for an auxiliary boiler. Name all the
fittings in the system and the reasons for using these fittings.

20.
for?

An 850 kPa auxiliary boiler is taken apart for refit. What do you look

21.
Sketch and describe the construction of a waste heat boiler including
the boiler mountings and name the boiler selected.

22.
liner.

Describe the construction of a cylinder including the head and

23.
Sketch and describe a cylinder head for a 4 cycle diesel engine, name
material and all valve fittings, reasons if cracked.

24.
Sketch a piston for a large heavy-duty diesel engine and show how it
is cooled.

25.
Describe a trunk-type piston, stating materials of construction.
Describe construction of floating wrist pin, and state how it is prevented
from gorging into inner wall.

26.
Sketch and describe a liner for a 2-stroke diesel engine. How is sealed
at the top exhaust ports from the cooling water? What is its composition
and why is it made of this?

27.
Describe how wear is measured in cylinder and on piston. What
causes wear? What is considered a normal amount of wear over a given
period of running?

28.
How are piston rings manufactured? What material is used and why?
What allowances is made for side and butt clearances? Do these clearances
vary with the position of the ring on the piston? If so why.

29.
Describe an exhaust valve unit of 4-stroke engine. Describe the
valve seating arrangement, guide, spring and keeper assembly. State
materials from which each is made.

30.
Describe the construction of a 2 stroke and 4 stroke S.A.I.C.
engine. State materials used. How are liners fitted and retained in position.
Describe the cooling water seals. How do you know if these are leaking?
Illustrate your answers with line sketches.

31
Describe a double acting four-stroke diesel engine. Compare with a
single acting diesel engine. Why is it more efficient?

32.
Give the compression pressures and temperatures for a 2 cycle and 4cycle diesel engine. Give the terminal pressures and temperatures for a 4
cycle and 2-cycle diesel engine. Explain the differences, if any.

33.
Describe a semi diesel engine and explain fully its function. What
would be the compression and firing pressures?

34.
Name the types of internal combustion engines which are fitted
respectively with carburetors, vaporizers. What is the purpose of this
fitting? Give the type of fuel diesel in each case and describe the system of
ignition for each.

35.
In large heavy oil engine what kind of stresses act on top and bottom
and bolts of:

Single acting four-stroke cycle engine

Double acting engine.

Would the design of the bolts be affected?

36.
What is a timing diagram? Draw the timing diagram for a single
acting four stroke diesel engine and explain how the timing of this engine is
carried out.

37.

Sketch timing diagrams for:

A two stroke single acting diesel engine

A four stroke single acting diesel engine

An opposed piston diesel engine

38.
Sketch an indicator diagram for a naturally aspirated four-stroke
diesel engine. Show in a dotted line the effect if the engine were
supercharged. Explain the advantages and effect, if any, of supercharging.

39.
Describe fuel injector for a 2-cycle solid injection common rail
system. Name causes for defects and how to avoid them.

40.
Describe a common rail injection system for a 2-stroke diesel
engine. Explain what defects can be found with this system and what
maintenance is required to keep it in good working condition.

41.
Describe the procedure of servicing a fuel injector, stating what
tests must be carried out during testing.

42.
Sketch and describe the construction and function of a plunger helical
release type on Bosh type fuel pump. Explain how the amount of fuel
pumped is regulated.

43.
State the dangers of having a leaking fuel valve in a large 4-stroke
diesel engine. How would you find a leaking fuel valve? State what could
be done to run the engine temporarily under safe conditions.

44.
Sketch and describe a fuel oil system for a large diesel and aux.
boiler. Show all fittings and the maintenance required.

45.
Describe all the reasons for smokey exhaust in a diesel engine.
Explain the conditions required for complete combustion.

46.
Sketch and describe an air compressor for starting a main engine.
Show piping from the relief valve to the starting air valve.

47.
Sketch an air starting system for a large diesel engine. What is meant
by overlap and what is its object.

48.
Describe a starting receiver, stating materials of construction and
operating pressure. List all fittings and where found on receiver.

49.
Describe a 3 stage air compressor. State the pressures and
temperatures of each stage. Where are drains fitted? What type of
lubricating oil is used and why? What provisions are made for overheating
and excessive pressure?

50.
How is a three stage air compressor protected from overload? State
any common problems with air compressors and their remedies.

51.
With reference to air compressors why is air compressed in two or
more stages in preference to one stage? What are the common faults with
air compressors and how are the remedied?

52.
Describe the construction of an intercooler for compressor. State
why drainage of the cooler is essential. What means is provided to prevent
overpressure in the cooler?

53.
What is the object of a compressor intercooler? What type of
compressor requires intercoolers? How would you proceed to examine and
test and inter cooler?

54.
Sketch and describe a relief valve for a starting air receiver. When the
receiver is at maximum pressure how many starts is it required to be
capable of for the main engine?

55.

State the exact meaning of :

constant volume cycle

constant pressure cycle

Give examples of engines using these cycles, give the pressures and
temperatures of the important points in both cycles.

56.
List several causes of engine failing to start, tell how you would
identify and correct these faults.

57.
Describe reverse-reduction gear box as fitted to a high-speed large
diesel engine. Show how thrust bearings are incorporated and detail how
reversing is accomplished.

58.

Describe a water cooling system for a diesel engine.

59.
Sketch and describe a fresh water cooler as may be used on deep
sea runs. How is salt water prevented from leaking into the system?

60.
Describe a diesel electric propulsion system. Explain how it is
controlled and reversed.