Professional Documents
Culture Documents
...................................................................................
1
Introduction...............................................................................................
Pre-Test.....................................................................................................
Definition of Terms...................................................................................
Learning Outcome 1: Introduce the Computer System.............................
Information Sheet 1.1:Types of Computer.............................................
Self Check 1.1......................................................................................
Information Sheet 1.2: Computer Components and its
Characteristics........................................................................................
Activity Sheet 1.2 ....................................................................
Self Check 1.2......................................................................................
Information Sheet 1.2: Distinguishing Hardware and
Software Relationship............................................................................
Activity 1.3...........................................................................................
Learning Outcome 2: Identify of computer parts and its
peripherals ............................................................................................
Information Sheet 2.1: Personal Protective Equipment........................
Self Check 2.1.....................................................................................
Information Sheet 2.2: Hand Tools.......................................................
Activity Sheet 2.2.................................................................................
Information Sheet 2.3..........................................................................
Activity Sheet 2.3.................................................................................
Self Check 2.3......................................................................................
Learning Outcome 3: Maintain Computer Hardware...............................
Information Sheet 3.1: Maintain computer System.............................
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Multiple-choice:
1. What do you call the large screen in a laptop?
a) CPU b) Mother board c) Video Card
d) LCD
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Form factor - The industry standard that defines the physical and external
dimensions of a particular device.
AT
- Advance Technology
ATX
NLX
Watts
Platter
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Tools
Materials
Screwdriver(standard)
Screwdriver(Philips)
Long nose pliers
Mechanical pliers
Allen wrench
Multi-tester
Crimping tools
Wire Stripper
LAN Tester
Anti-static wrist wrap
Device
drivers/installers
Software
Applications
RJ 45
UTP Cat 5 cable
Motherboards
Manual and Installer
Sound Device Driver
Installer
REFERENCES:
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Supercomputers
Extremely powerful mainframe computers used in scientific and
engineering applications.
Minicomputers
Application of Computers
Various kinds of jobs that are done using computers:
SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATIONS
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Example:
Banking, Railways or Airlines
Reservations
footages
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Matching Type:
Directions: Match column A to column B. Place your answer in the answer
sheet given by your teacher.
A
1.
Personal Computer
V-
2.
3
Mainframe Computer
W-
Mini computer
X-
4.
5.
Y-
Super Computer
Z-
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1.1
Hardware components
The hardware of a typical computer system, irrespective of its
size, consists of the following components:
1.1.1 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CPU
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1.1.2 MEMORY
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OPERATING SYSTEM
USER PROGRAMS
APPLICATION PROGRAMS
Operating System
Operating system (OS) is the basic software responsible for
interacting with the hardware.
It is the foundation on which user programs and application
programs are built.
It helps the user to enter programs or data, store them in files
and execute programs.
Two popular operating systems in use today are
User Programs
User Programs: Written by users or programmers for themselves
or for their organization.
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Application Programs
Computers are increasingly being used in almost every activity business, industry, commerce, health, education, entertainment,
sports, etc.
Word processing
Desktop Publishing
Spreadsheets
Ms
MS Powerpoint
Excel
1.3
Word
MS
Firmware
CM
OS CHIP
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BIOS UTILITY
Scoring
1 2 3 4 5
5
4
- Excellently Performed
- Very Satisfactorily Performed
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3
2
1
Satisfactorily Performed
Fairly Performed
- Poorly Performed
Multiple choice:
1. What do you call a program embedded on a silicon chip?
a) Peopleware b) Software c) Firmware d) Hardware
2. What do you call the software that interacts with the computer
hardware?
a) Applicationsb) Operating System
c) Firmware
d)
Spreadsheets
3. The mechanical and electrical part of the computer system is
the.
a) Software
b) Hardware
c) Unix
d) Firmware
4. An operating system used in mainframes and mini-computers
is the.
a)Windows XP b) Unix
c) Panda
d) BIOS
5. Which one is an example of an operating system commonly
installed in personal computers.
a) Unix b) Windows
c) BIOS
d) MS-Word
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Your software is
useless without your
Hardware
The computer is
useless without your
Software
Hardware
Interview
Directions:
1. Work in groups of 6 as a panel. One will be the interviewer
,while the rest of the panel will answer
2. The students will be asked the following questions.
o Why do computers need software?
o Why do we need to install different software in our computers?
o Briefly explain the relationship between computer hardware
and software.
3. Rate your groups performance using the Performance score
card below:
PERFORMANCE SCORE CARD
Performance Criteria
Scoring
1 2 3 4 5
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5
4
3
2
1
- Excellently Performed
- Very Satisfactorily Performed
Satisfactorily Performed
Fairly Performed
- Poorly Performed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_service
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_standard
http://www.technet.unsw.edu.au/tohss/swp.htm
http://xnet.rrc.mb.ca/healthsafety/safeworkprocedures
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http://www.empf.org/empfasis/aug04/prop.htm
http://www.lakeland.cc.il.us/~internal/policymanual/10fiscalaffairs/1
026.POL.htm
Refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garment designed to protect the
wearer's body from injury by blunt impacts, electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and
infection, for job-related purposes.
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protect the
against
Wrist Strap
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.2 Anti-Static Mat
work area
sensitive
ESD.
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UPS
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Identification Type
Directions: Answer the following questions and place your answer on your
test booklet.
1. A device used against power/voltage spikes.
2. A power protective equipment that serves as a backup battery for
your computer.
3. It is used to store sensitive computer peripherals.
4. A anti-static device you need to use when touching components in
a computer unit.
5. A device that provides a stable power system.
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Scoring
1 2 3 4 5
- Excellently Performed
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4
3
2
1
Matching Type:
Directions: Match column A to column B, place your answer in the answer
sheet given by your teacher.
A
1.
2.
3
Crimping Tool
I-
Flash Light
J-
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4.
5.
Tweezer
K-
Magnifying glass
L-
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Power Supply
Drive Bays
Chassis
Front Panel
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Desktop Case
Tower Case
The Power Supply
The power supply unit (PSU) in a computer regulates and delivers the
power to the components in the case.
Power Supplies contain dangerous voltages and should only be opened by
experienced and qualified engineers; there are no user serviceable parts inside.
Always disconnect the PSU from the mains supply before removing the cover of the
PC.
Standard power supplies turn the incoming 110V or
220V AC (Alternating Current) into various DC
(Direct Current) voltages suitable for powering the
computer's components.
Power supplies are quoted as having a certain
power output specified in Watts, a standard power
supply would typically be able to deliver around 350
Watts.
The more components (hard drives, CD/DVD drives,
tape drives, ventilation fans, etc) you have in your
PC the greater the power required from the power
supply.
By using a PSU that delivers more power than required means it won't be
running at full capacity, which can prolong life by reducing heat damage
to the PSU internal components during long periods of use.
Always replace a power supply with an equivalent or superior power
output (Wattage).
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A power supply can be easily changed and are generally not expensive, so
if one fails (which is far from uncommon) then replacement is usually the
most economic solution.
The power supply connectors
4 Pin Berg Connector
-Used to connect the PSU to small form factor devices, such as
3.5" floppy drives.
-available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2
4 Pin Molex Connector
-This is used to power various components, including hard
drives and optical drives.
-available in: AT, ATX & ATX-2
20 Pin Molex ATX Power Connector
-This is used to power the motherboard in ATX systems.
-available in: ATX( ATX-2 have four extra pins)
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The Motherboard
The motherboard is easily the most important part of the computer.
Although there are a number of components that a PC cannot function
without, its the motherboard that ties them all together and turns them
into a personal computer.
The motherboard, or main board, of a PC is a large printed circuit
board that is home to many of the most essential parts of the computer,
including the CPU, chipset, cache, memory sockets, expansion bus,
parallel and serial ports, mouse and keyboard connectors and IDE, EIDE or
SCSI controllers. Thee motherboard binds the PCs operational
components together.
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Mini ATX
This is slightly smaller than ATX but all the specifications of the ATX
are included.
The
the
The
composed of
parts:
Expansion
slots
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Components of
Motherboard
motherboard is
Back
panel
the
following
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CPU
CMOS
Power
Conner
stor
Memory
Slots
It can do calculations.
It can move data.
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Intel 8088
2. Second Generation: 80286 and 80287 it has a clock speed of 6
to 8 MHZ and uses 16 bit data bus.
80286 CPU
3. Third Generation: this was a full 32 bit processor and has clock
speed of 16 MHz.
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6. The
Sixth
Part1
:
P6
Pentium
II,
Pentium II Xeon
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Generation,
Pentium Pro,
Celeron
and
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CPU.
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Connector Types
Keyboard
Port
USB Port
LAN Port
Video Out
Audio Port
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Keyboard Elements
1. Alphanumeric keys the alphabet keys along with row
numbers and special characters. These keys match those on a
typewriter.
Alphabet keys
Punctuation and special characters
Actions keys
Character selection keys
Command control keys
Enter key
White space keys
Number/special character keys
2. Cursor control key located on the right side of the
alphanumeric keys, this group of keys has two smaller groups of
keys: the cursor function keys and cursor arrow keys.
3. Function keys- located across the top of a keyboard.
4. Numeric keypad the number pad, which is located on the
extreme right side of nearly all modern keyboards, contains keys
for ten numbers, as well as the four arithmetic functions. This can
also be used as a cursor control pad by toggling the NUM LOCK
key.
5. Toggle and Lock keys
6. Special purpose keys
ESC key
Print Screen key
Pause/break key
7. Window keys
Windows key
Application/Context key
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Keyboard Elements/Layout
Alphanumeric keys the alphabet keys along with row numbers
and special characters. These keys match those on a typewriter.
Alphabet keys
Punctuation and special characters
Actions keys
Character selection keys
Command control keys
Enter key
White space keys
Number/special character keys
Cursor control key located on the right side of the alphanumeric
keys, this group of keys has two smaller groups of keys: the cursor
function keys and cursor arrow keys.
Function keys- located across the top of a keyboard.
Numeric keypad the number pad, which is located on the
extreme right side of nearly all modern keyboards, contains keys for
ten numbers, as well as the four arithmetic functions. This can also
be used as a cursor control pad by toggling the NUM LOCK key.
Special purpose keys
ESC key
Print Screen key
Pause/break key
Window keys
Windows key
Application/Context key
Keyboard Layout
Function
keys
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Numeric
keypad
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Special
purpose
keys
Window
keys
Alphanumeri
c keys
Cursor
control key
Keyboard Connectors
1. The 5 pin DIN connector - this is the oldest of the keyboard
connectors, also known as the AT form factor.
Pin Number
Signal
1
Keyboard Clock
2
Keyboard Data
3
Unused
4
Ground
5
+ 5v Power
2. The 6 pin Mini DIN Connector it is designed to used six pins
arranged in a circular pattern around a plastic case, also known
as PS/2 connector.
Pin Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
Signal
Keyboard Data
Unused
Ground
+ 5v Power
Keyboard Clock
Unused
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Pointing Devices
1. Traditional Mice/Mouse - a palm-sized plastic housing with a
rubber ball protruding from the bottom and a cord coming out
the back.
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The platters - These typically spin at 3,600 or 7,200 rpm when the
drive is operating. These platters are manufactured to amazing
tolerances and are mirror-smooth.
The arm - This holds the read/write heads and is controlled by the
mechanism in the upper-left corner.
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Optical drives
Optical drives uses laser light or electromagnetic waves near the light
spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from
optical discs
Portable Devices
Devices that are compact and portable and often enable wireless
high-speed broad band access, including laptops, personal digital
assistants (PDAs), gaming consoles, mobile phones.
Types of portable devices
Laptop
- a personal computer designed for mobile use and small and
light enough to sit on one's lap while in use. A laptop integrates most of
the typical components of a desktop computer, including a display, a
keyboard, a pointing device (a touchpad, also known as a track pad ,
and/or a pointing stick), speakers, and often including a battery, into a
single small and light unit.
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Smart phones and PDAs - PDA and Smart phones are examples of
portable, hand-held devices that are becoming more popular. PDAs offer
features such as games, web surfing, e-mail, instant messaging, and
many other features offered by PCs
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Processor the brain of the computer. The processor is one of the main
components in a laptop. Laptop processors are made mainly by Intel and
AMD.
Optical Drive - The CD/DVD drive allows you to read/write data from/to a
CD or DVD disc.
Cooling Fan -The cooling fan is a part of the cooling module in a laptop.
The fan helps to cool down the processor when the laptop is turned on.
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Video card - In most modern laptops the video card is integrated into the
system board. If the video card fails you have to replace the whole
motherboard.
In some laptops the video card is a discrete module and can be removed
or replaced separately from the motherboard.
Audio and Sound - In most laptops the audio board is a part of the
motherboard. If thats the case, all audio board input/output components
such as volume control, microphone jack and headphone jack are soldered
directory to the motherboard.
Wireless card - The internal wireless card helps you to connect to the
Internet without running a cable. Learn about different types of internal
wireless cards and how they are connected to the motherboard.
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CMOS Battery - The CMOS battery provides power to the CMOS chip when
the laptop is turned off or disconnected form the wall outlet.
LCD screen - one of the most expensive parts in a laptop computer. The
LCD screen mounts inside the display panel.If you accidentally cracked
the screen, it has to be replaced. You cannot repair a cracked screen.
Inverter board - is a power supply for the backlight lamp inside the LCD
screen. When inverter fails, the LCD screen goes very very dark and you
barely can see any image on the screen. In most laptops the inverter
board is mounted inside the display panel below the LCD screen.
Backlight lamp - is the main source of light in the LCD screen. The
backlight lamp is mouted
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iside the screen. When the backlight lamp fails, you have to replace the
whole LCD screen. Its possible to replace just the lamp inside the screen
but its very hard and has to be performed by an experienced technician.
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Web Camera - Many modern laptops come with a web camera built into
the display panel. The web camera is not a part of the LCD screen. The
web camers is located on a separate board and can be replaced
separately from the LCD.
Display hinges - connect two main parts of any laptop the display panel
and base assembly.
The AC/DC power adapter - converts high voltage AC power from the
mains to low voltage DC power required by the laptop.
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Main Battery - a secondary source of power for a laptop. The battery gets
charged while the laptop is plugged into the mains and keeps the laptop
running when its unplugged from the mains.
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Directions:
1. Work in groups using a Personal Computer complete with peripherals.
2. Given the following tools, materials and equipment, identify the
different parts of a personal computer starting from the front up to the
internal parts of the PC.
3. Take turns doing this until every member of the group is done.
4. You will be assessed using the criteria in the score card below.
PERFORMANCE SCORE CARD
Performance Criteria
Scoring
1 2 3 4 5
5
4
3
2
1
- Excellently Performed
- Very Satisfactorily Performed
Satisfactorily Performed
Fairly Performed
- Poorly Performed
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Multiple-choice:
Test A:
1. What do you call the large printed circuit board inside your
computer?
a) CPU b) Mother board c) Video Card
d) PSU
2. What type of input device that I common referred to as mice?
a) Keyboard b) CPU
c) Backplanes
d) Mouse
3. What type of form factor that was released by Intel in 1995
was an improvement over the LPX form factor?
a) AT
b) BABY AT
c) NLX
d) ATX
4. It defines a motherboards size, shape and how it is mounted
to the case?
a) Motherboard
b) Form factor
c) LGX
d)
PSU
5. It is also known as mainboard, system board or planar?
a) Motherboard
b) Motherboard Style
c) CPU
d) LXG
6. It i the skeletal frame work of your computer system.
a) Cover b) Chassis c) Screws d) Power supply
7. It provides protection for the internal parts of the computer.
a) Chassis
b) Reset
c) Case
d) Cover
8. The part of the computer that provides power to the entire
system?
a) CPU b) Drive Bay
c) Power Supply d) Reset
9. A button that allows the user to change the clock speed of old
computers.
a) Reset b) Turbo
c) LED
d) Power switch
10.
The part of the chassis where you place the internal
drives.
a) Drive Bay b) Cover
c) Chassis d) CPU
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Test B:
Identification
Direction: Identify the name of each connector found in the power supply.
Write your answer on a separate sheet
The power supply connectors
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Appropriate personal protective equipment are identified, used
and checked based on the standard procedures.
2. Computer normal function is checked based on correct operation
and safety.
3. Periodic maintenance of the equipment is performed following
manufacturers requirements.
4. Safety precautions are observed at all times.
RESOURCES:
Equipment/Faciliti
es
Computer
peripherals
Desktop computers
Laptop Computer
OHS guidelines
Phil. Environmental
protection standards
Monitors
Motherboard
Power supply
Network device and
cablings
Hubs
Switches
LAN Cards
Printers and
Scanners
Routers
USB Flash Drives
Supplies &
Materials
Floppy disk
Compact Disk
REFERENCES:
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_service
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_standard
http://www.technet.unsw.edu.au/tohss/swp.htm
http://xnet.rrc.mb.ca/healthsafety/safeworkprocedures
Antoinette R. Marcelo. Understanding PC Hardware. Copyright 2007
Jemma Inc.
http://www.empf.org/empfasis/aug04/prop.htm
http://www.lakeland.cc.il.us/~internal/policymanual/10fiscalaffairs/1026
.POL.htm
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JULY
AUG
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
Cleaning your
computer
Disk space
utilization
Scan for
viruses
Check for
hardware and
software
issues
Personal Protective Device
There are tools and equipments used to protect the user and the
computer system.
Types of personal protective devices
1. Anti-static devices
2. Power surge protectors
3. Personal equipments
Personal Equipment
1. Small paint brush
2. Screw drivers
3. Pliers and tweezers
4. Compressed air
5. Handheld vacuum
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Working
Not Working
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Speaker
Printer
Voltage regulator
Working
Not Working
Applications
Operating System
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User programs
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Scoring
1 2 3 4 5
- Excellently Performed
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4
3
2
1
Written
Answer the following questions in your answer sheet.
1. Why do we need to perform a system inspection?
2. Why is it important to clean your computers hardware?
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Multiple-choice:
1. What do you call the large screen in a laptop?
a) CPU b) Mother board c) Video Card
d) LCD
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