OS X MAVERICKS 10.9.

X
ON A
Dell Optiplex 780
From start to finish

Version 1.2 Date 27-2-2014

OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

1 Index
1

Index .............................................................................................................................................. 2

Credits/Sources ............................................................................................................................. 3

Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 3

My Specs ....................................................................................................................................... 4

Preparing your SSD or HDD for install on a MBR-partitioned drive ............................................. 4

Formatting your USB drive ............................................................................................................ 4

Preparing your USB drive with 10.9 .............................................................................................. 5

Adding the fixed 10.9 files to the USB drive ................................................................................. 5

Bios Settings Dell Optiplex 780 ..................................................................................................... 6

10

Installing OSX Mavericks from your USB drive.............................................................................. 7

11

Booting OSX Mavericks! ................................................................................................................ 7

12

Installing the bootloader to 10.9 .................................................................................................. 7

13

Install the Kext files for de Dell Optiplex 780 hardware ............................................................... 8

14

Installing Video for QE/CI Manually. ............................................................................................. 8

15

Update to 10.9.2 ........................................................................................................................... 9

TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................................................................................... 10

16

BOOT 0 ERROR ............................................................................................................................ 10

17

App store and iCloud doesn't work ............................................................................................ 10

18

iMessage Fix ................................................................................................................................ 10

19

If sound doesnt work ................................................................................................................. 11

20

Finished! ...................................................................................................................................... 11

21

Common boot options for Chameleon ....................................................................................... 12

22

OSX Keyboard Shortcuts ............................................................................................................. 15

OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

2 Credits/Sources
Everything OSx86-related is a collaborative effort amongst people who enjoy doing these things, as well as
those of us who enjoy tweaking and experimenting with things. Below are a list of sources used to compile
this guide:
1. Tech Erra
2. OSX86 Wiki
3. InsanelyMac
4. Forum member Pingu from Germany for helping me out with the text changes.
5. And all other forum members who have posted in my topic and helping out the community.
A special thanks goes to Brian from Tech Erra for using parts of their tutorial

3 Requirements
Here are the requirements:
1.

A Dell Optiplex 780 This is necessary to install OSX Mavericks for this tutorial

2.

A copy of Mac OS X This can be in the form of an existing hackintosh, a virtual machine within
Windows or Linux, or even a regular Mac. If you dont have any of these things, then find someone
who can help you out for a while. I prefer using a hackintosh with OSX Mountain Lion.
Using an already working copy of Mac OS X either in a VM or a native hackintosh install is
HIGHLY recommended.

3.

A 8GB USB flash drive (or larger) Well be copying the files to the drive appropriately, so make
sure that you have a flash drive with enough storage space (8GB or larger).

4.

A copy of Mavericks 10.9 GM If you dont have a Mac Developer Account, then youll find torrents
of 10.9 around the web.

5.

30-60 minutes of time Depending on how tech-savvy you are, this may be quick, or it may take a

6.

An SSD or HDD to install 10.9 to For me, I used a 500GB HDD to install 10.9 to.

7.

An PCI Express Video Card For use with QE and CI Highly recommended. I use a Sapphire Ati

while.

Radeon HD5450 1GB but 512MB or 2GB also works.

8.

Install109.zip This ZIP file contains everything that you need to get your flash drive properly
prepared.

Note: The files for number 8 "Install109.zip" contains the following Directory's (4) and files:

Kernel -Mach Kernel

Kexts - FakeSMC.kext - NullCPUPowerManagement.kext - EliottForceLegacyRTC.kext AppleIntelE1000e.kext - VoodooHDA.kext

OSInstall - OSInstall - OSInstall.mpkg

Utils - Chameleon-2.2svn-r2265 - Chameleon Wizard - Kext Utility - EFI Studio - ShowHiddenFiles

(Not used for my configuration because I use the entire hard disk)

The first 3.kext files will fix most kernel panics en bios reset that you might experience while booting.
The 2 OSInstall files will allow you to install 10.9 onto an MBR-partitioned drive ( ! this is not tested, for
further info go to insaneleymac forum !).

OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

4 My Specs
My installation was successfully done on an Dell Optiplex 780 Desktop computer with the following specs.
NOTE: A PCI video card is recommended to use the full potential of OS Mavericks because the on board
video card doesn't support QE/CI.

Intel Core 2 Duo E7500 @ 2.93GHz

8GB DDR3 1333Mhz RAM

Western Digital 500GB HDD 4K

ATI RADEON HD5450 1GB

Intel WG82567LM onboard network

Bluetooth USB Cambridge silicon radio (works OOB)

ADI 1984A HDA audio onboard

HP W2207h Monitor 16801050 display

Apple Magic Trackpad

Apple Wireless Keyboard US

5 Preparing your SSD or HDD for install on a MBR-partitioned drive

If you intent to install OSX86 Mavericks on the same Hard disk as your windows follow the steps below.
For a clean install on a new formatted hard disk go to Chapter 6.
If youre in Windows 7, you can easily make a new partition on an SSD or HDD via the Disk Management
program.
1.

Start>Run (or Windows key on your keyboard plus R).

2.

diskmgmt.msc (press enter after typing that)

3.

Find your drive, right-click on it, and go to Shrink Volume.

4.

Wait for it to calculate the amount of space you can make your partition, and enter in your amount
(for an exact GB amount, multiple your desired amount of GB times 1024, so a 20GB partition would
be 20480MB).

5.

Let it make your partition. It will show up as unallocated space.

6.

Format the new unallocated space as NTFS and give it a label (mine was Mavericks).

7.

Done!

6 Formatting your USB drive

Start OSX Mountain (Lion) or Snow Leopard to prepare your USB Flash drive
Make sure to backup the files that are already on your USB flash drive true Disk Utility in Mac OS X:
1.

Extract the zip file Install109.zip to your Mac OS x desktop

2.

Put USB drive in your Mac

3.

Open up Disk Utility.

4.

Click on your USB drive in the left sidebar.

5.

Click on the Erase tab in the middle.

6.

Choose Mac OS X Extended (Journaled) as the format, and give your drive a label (like MAVERICKS
USB).

7.

Click on the Erase button.

8.

Done!

9.

Leave Disk Utility open, as youll need it later.

OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

7 Preparing your USB drive with 10.9

This part is the most time consuming. Using a USB 3.0 flash drive will help things out quite a bit.
1.

Mount the DMG for Mavericks (will be called Mac OS X Install ESD on your desktop).

2.

Show hidden files by running the app ShowHiddenFiles in the folder Install109 - Util on your
desktop.

3.

Click on Show Special Files (leave the app ShowHiddenFiles open we need this later).

4.

In the folder MAC OS X Install ESD right click on Basesystem.dmg and choose open with
DiskImageMounter(default)

5.

Switch back to Disk Utility.

6.

Click on your flash drive in the left sidebar.

7.

Click on the Restore button in the middle area.

8.

For the source, drag Mac OS X Base System from your desktop into the empty Source box.

9.

For the destination, drag your USB drive from your desktop into the empty Destination box.

10. Click on Restore and type your password. This process will take anywhere from 5 to 10 minutes
depending on the speed of your flash drive.
11. When its finished, youll end up with 2 Mac OS X Base System drives on your desktop. Figure out
which one is your USB copy (you can right-click > Get Info and use the capacity as an indicator), and
rename it to MAVERICKSUSB, after that open it up.
12. Once youve opened up MAVERICKSUSB (the one thats your flash drive), go to /System/Installation.
13. Youll see a symlink for Packages. Remove it.
14. Create a folder called Packages.
15. Open up a window of the original Mac OS X Install ESD drive and copy everything within Packages
to the empty Packages folder on your USB drive.
16. Done! 10.9 is now installed onto your USB drive. Now, we need to modify some of the files on it so
that it will properly bootup on a PC.

8 Adding the fixed 10.9 files to the USB drive

Now, we need to modify some of the files on your USB drive so that it will properly bootup on your PC.
1.

Open the folder Install109 - Kexts on your Mac OS X desktop.

2.

Copy 3 .kext files (FakeSMC.kext, NullCPUPowerManagement.kext, EliottForceLegacyRTC.kext) from

Install109 - Kexts to /System/Library/Extensions on your flash drive.

NOTE: The 2 OSInstall files will allow you to install 10.9 onto an MBR-partitioned drive, if you install it on
the entire hard disk skip step 3 and 4 an go further with step 5.
3.

Copy the OSInstall file to

/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Install.framework/Frameworks/OSInstall.framework/Versions/A
/, overwriting the file thats already there.

4.

Copy the OSInstall.mpkg file to /System/Installation/Packages/, overwriting the file thats already
there.

5.

Go to the root of your USB drive and create a folder called Extra. This is used to store configuration
files for the chameleon boot-loader.

6.

Run the Chameleon installation package from Install - Utils. Make sure to install this package to your
flash drive.

7.

Choose in the Chameleon setup for Customize, in the customize screen choose Modules
FileNVRAM ( we need this to make iMessage work) after that go further with the install of
Chameleon.

OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

8.

Run the Chameleon Wizard ( if the message comes with Install choose Not Now) click the SMBios
tab then click "Edit". Now there is a list of Premade SMBioses. Look through this list and choose for
your Dell Optiplex 780 the iMac9.1.
Click Save As and save it to the /Extra folder we created on the USB stick.

9.

Choose Tab Org.Chameleon.boot and set the follow options like in the image below.

10. If the settings are like the image then Click Save As and save it to the /Extra folder we created on
the USB stick.
11. Copy mach_kernel from the Folder Install109 - Kernel and paste it into the root of your flash drive.
12. Lastly, copy extracted folder (Install109) which you have extracted earlier from the zip file to the
root of your flash drive. Youll need this in Chapter 13.
13. Eject all mounted drives (this is not necessary)
14. Go to ShowHiddenFiles and click hide special files after that close program.
15. Eject your USB Drive
16. Done !

9 Bios Settings Dell Optiplex 780

Before we boot from the Dell Optiplex we need to optimize the bios for OSX Mavericks.
1.
2.
3.

Start your Dell Optiplex and press F2 to get into the Bios.
Go to Boot Sequence and choose on the right for USB Device and click the up arrow so that the USB
Device is on top, click on apply to make the setting.
Go then to Drives - Sata Operation and choose on the right for Raid Autodetect/AHCI click again on
apply and choose exit, now the Bios is ready for installing OSX Mavericks.

OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

10 Installing OSX Mavericks from your USB drive

Time for the fun stuff! Well now boot from your USB drive and install OSX Mavericks onto the partition or
Hard Drive.
1.
2.

Boot from your USB drive.

Once in Chameleon let the boot loader resume (or hit enter to start it manually highlight your flash
drive and add -v -f to the end, then push enter. Youll see a lot of text fly by be patience startup may
take a while.)

3.

Once you get into the installer (assuming your computer didnt freeze, restart itself, or get a kernel

4.

NOTE : when you install it on a partition skip step 5 - 10 see Chapter 5.

panic), choose your partition or Hard Disk to install OSX Mavericks to.
(If you install Mavericks on the entire Hard disk follow the steps below )
5.

In the installer open up Disk Utility.

6.

Click on your Hard Drive in the left sidebar.

7.

Click on the Erase tab in the middle.

8.

Choose Mac OS X Extended (Journaled) as the format, and give your drive a label (like
MAVERICKS).

9.

Click on the Erase button.

10. Done close Disk Utility and go further with the installation process.
11. Choose your HDD or Partition to install Mavericks to.
12. The installation process will take about 23 minutes, depending on the speed of both your USB drive
and your SSD or HDD.
13. When finished boot to your new OSX Mavericks.

11 Booting OSX Mavericks!

Now that everything is finally prepared, you can go ahead and boot into OSX Mavericks.
1.

Boot from your USB drive again your computer won't still be able to boot from the hard drive.

2.

Once in Chameleon let the boot loader resume (or hit enter to start it manually highlight your flash
drive and add -v -f to the end, then push enter. Youll see a lot of text fly by be patience startup may
take a while.)

3.

Youll eventually get to the setup screens for OSX Mavericks. Go through that process to setup OSX
Mavericks.

4.

Choose by "How Do You Connect" for "My Computer Does Not Connect to the Internet" we will fix
this later in Chapter 13, go further with the installation process.

5.

The installation process will take about 3 minutes.

6.

Done! Proceed to Chapter 12 to install the bootloader to your partition so that you dont have to rely
on using your USB drive to bootup.

12 Installing the bootloader to 10.9

1.

2.

Once in 10.9 go to finder preferences General and choose in show these items on the desktop for

Hard Disk

External Disk

CD

Go also to System Preferences Security& Privacy click on the lock on the left corner and type your
password

3.

Choose by Allow applications downloaded from: for Anywhere Allow from anywhere

OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

4.

Close system preferences.

5.

Navigate to your folder Install109 -Utils and run the chameleon package, install it to your OS X drive.

6.

Copy the Extra folder on your USB drive to the root of your HDD (open Finder -> Go -> Computer ->
OS X -> paste folder).

7.

Done!

13 Install the Kext files for de Dell Optiplex 780 hardware

1.

Now, we need to install some Kext files on your Hard Disk drive so that the hardware will work
properly on your PC.

2.

3.

Open the folder Install109 - Kexts and select the following Kext files

AppelIntelE1000e.kext

EliottForceLegacyRTC.kext

FakeSMC.kext

NullCPUPowerManagement.kext

VoodooHDA.kext

Drag the Kext files (which are mentioned above) over "Kext utility.app" contained in folder
Install109 and release the mouse

4.

Type your root password and the Kext files will be installed on your Hard disk.

5.

Reboot.

6.

Once in OSX MAvericks go to System Preferences Network

7.

There will be a message saying Network device is detected

8.

Choose apply if you want to use DHCP or give a IP Address if you use static IP.

9.

Click apply to make the setting active.

14 Installing Video for QE/CI Manually.

1.

Copy the Kext files AMD5000Controller.kext and AMDRadeonX3000.kext from

system/library/extension to your desktop.

2.

Go to AMD5000Controller.kext and rightclick and choose Show Package Contents and open
info.plist with textedit.

3.

Find <key>IOPCIMatch</key> and add your string for HD5450

( HD5450 1GB the string is 0x68F91002 and for 512MB the string is 0x68E11002)
<string>0x68F91002 0x68981002 0x68991002 0x68E01002 0x68E11002 0x68D81002 0x68C01002
0x68C11002 0x68D91002 0x68B81002 0x68B01002 0x68B11002 0x68A01002 0x68A11002 </string>

4.

Save and Exit

5.

Go to AMDRadeonX3000.kext and rightclick and choose Show Package Contents and open info.plist
with textedit.

6.

Find <key>AMDCedarGraphicsAccelerator</key>
and then look for the first <key>IOPCIMatch</key> and add your string for HD5450
( HD5450 1GB the string is 0x68F91002 and for 512MB the string is 0x68E11002)
add <string>0x68F91002 0x68E01002</string>

7.

Save and Exit.

8.

Install both kext files with Kext Utility

9.

Now reboot.

10. After Reboot the video card must be working with QE/CI

OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

15 Update to 10.9.2
If your "Mac OS X Install ESD" contains already the newest Maverick Version you don't have to update the
system and you can skip this step.
To check your current version go to "About this Mac".
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Don't update thru Software Update download the combo update here Download from the apple site.
Run the 10.9.2 combo update walk thru the steps.
After installation there will be a message saying to restart your system, CHOOSE RESTART.
The Combo Update will be installed on the system and will take about 10 minutes.
After the install the system boots up normally but video isn't working anymore we will fix this manually
like in chapter 14

6.

Copy the Kext files AMDRadeonAccelerator.kext and ATI5000Controller.kext from

system/library/extension to your desktop.

7.

Go to ATI5000Controller.kext and rightclick and choose Show Package Contents and open info.plist
with textedit.

8.

Find <key>IOPCIMatch</key> and add your string for HD5450

( HD5450 1GB the string is 0x68F91002 and for 512MB the string is 0x68E11002)
<string>0x68F91002 0x68981002 0x68991002 0x68E01002 0x68E11002 0x68D81002 0x68C01002
0x68C11002 0x68D91002 0x68B81002 0x68B01002 0x68B11002 0x68A01002 0x68A11002 </string>

9.

Save and Exit

10. Go to AMDRadeonAccelerator.kext and rightclick and choose Show Package Contents and open
info.plist with textedit.
11. Find <key>AMDCedarGraphicsAccelerator</key>
and then look for the first <key>IOPCIMatch</key> and add your string for HD5450
( HD5450 1GB the string is 0x68F91002 and for 512MB the string is 0x68E11002)
add <string>0x68F91002 0x68E01002</string>
12. Save and Exit.
13. Install both kext files with Kext Utility
14. Now reboot with -v.
15. After Reboot go to about this Mac and check if the version is 10.9.2
The update is finished

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OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

TROUBLESHOOTING
16 BOOT 0 ERROR
If you are using a 4k HDD you can get boot:0 error, to solve this issue do the following.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Reboot system back into Mavericks installer (USB)FLASH DRIVE).

Run Disk Utility find the Disk Identifier (eg. disk0s2).
Unmount the drive you installed Mavericks on
Launch Terminal and execute the following command:
dd if=/usr/standalone/i386/boot1h of=/dev/disk0s2
Exit Terminal
Boot Normally

17 App store and iCloud doesn't work

If AppStore and iCloud doesn't work follow the steps below.
1.
2.

Open up EFI Studio in folder Install109 - Utils , select Ethernet, select Add Device.
On the new window you will see a lot of numbers (Hex String) in the second row.

3.

Then clicked write to com.apple.boot.plist.

4.

Then go to /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/apple.com.boot.plist and select the new key

and string it added.

5.

Now you can add the Hex Strings to your org.chameleon.boot.plist(com.apple.boot.plist) see
Chapter 13 which should be in root/extra folder. When you add it manually make sure it is in
<key>device-properties</key>
<string>Your Hex String here</string> arguments after that.

6.

Remove all network devices from System Preferences/Network.

7.

Delete in library>preferences>system configuration> NetworkInterfaces.plist file.

8.

Finally, Reboot.

9.

After reboot, go to System Preferences/Network add devices. Click (Ethernet) FIRST!! Then add the
other adapters you use to connect to the internet or Bluetooth.

10. Voila. App Store and iCloud now works.

18 iMessage Fix
Hackintoshes have been unable to log into the Messages app (better known as "iMessage") on OS X
Mountain Lion and Mavericks. We can now fix the problem using Chameleon bootloader.

1.

Run the Chameleon installation package from Install - Utils. Make sure to install this package to your
HDD.

2.

Choose in the Chameleon setup for Customize, in the customize screen choose Modules
FileNVRAM after that go further with the install of Chameleon.

3.

Finally, Reboot.

4.

Voila. iMessage now works.

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OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

19 If sound doesnt work

The HDMI from the Ati Radeon 5450 doesnt work properly so we need to change this to Headphone, follow
the step below to make sound work.
1.

Open System Preferences Sound Output And choose for Headphones.

20 Finished!
Youve successfully installed OSX Mavericks onto your Dell Optiplex 780.

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OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

21 Common boot options for Chameleon

-v
The mother of all boot flags. Entering -v into the bootloader turns on verbose mode, which is absolutely
critical for fixing any Hackintosh issue. Verbose mode displays every single process that takes place during
your bootup of Mac OS X. It can be rather intimidating, as it will display hundreds of lines of commands
during the bootup process. However, if your Hackintosh isn't booting, then verbose mode should freeze at
the exact point where the bootup process is tripping up. Take a photo of what verbose mode says before the
bootup freezes. You can then post that photo on a Hackintosh forum to look for help, or try to use the results
of verbose mode to guess what your problem is by yourself.
-x
Turns on safe mode. Mac OS X in safe mode ignores all Kext files and boot settings except those which are
absolutely necessary to booting the system. Safe mode is useful if you're trying to run the Mac OS X installer
on a PC that's not fully compatible with Mac OS X. Also, if you accidentally installed a Kext file that's messing
up your Hackintosh, booting into safe mode may work around the problem. In safe mode, you can then
remove the offending Kext from /Extra/Extensions in your main hard drive (if you're running Mac OS X Snow
Leopard), or /System/Library/Extensions (if you're running Mac OS X Lion or Mountain Lion).
-F
If you've entered some extra boot flags into org.Chameleon.boot.plist, but they're messing up your
Hackintosh's bootloader, enter the -F boot flag to ignore them.
-f
Ignores Kext caches during bootup on Mac OS X Snow Leopard. If you did not install a Kext properly (usually
because you forgot to run System Utilities in Multibeast after installing a new Kext), your Kext cache will be
damaged, and Mac OS X might become unbootable unless you use this boot flag. The Kext cache was
replaced by the kernel cache in Mac OS X Lion, so theoretically, the -f boot flag should no longer work;
however, this boot flag can still help some Hackintoshes boot (for reasons unknown).
UseKernelCache=Yes
Mac OS X Lion and Mountain Lion can use the kernel cache to install Kexts, allowing Mac OS X to boot faster.
However, the kernel cache is turned off by default, and you have to enable it by using the boot flag
"UseKernelCache=Yes" (without quotation marks). Installing Easybeast or UserDSDT with Multibeast will
automatically turn the kernel cache on for you. If Mac OS X is booting extremely slow on your Hackintosh, the
kernel cache might be malfunctioning, and you can turn it off with "UseKernelCache=No" (without quotation
marks). Turning off the kernel cache is equivalent to using the "-f" bootflag in Snow Leopard.
PCIRootUID=1
Some Hackintoshes will only boot when their "PCI Root ID" is set to 0. This usually happens with Hackintoshes
that use a AMD Radeon graphics card. Other times, a Hackintosh will only boot when its "PCI Root ID" is set to
1. In some cases, the boot flag "PCIRootUID=1" will also fix Mac App Store verification errors.
npci=x2000
npci=x3000
If your verbose mode bootup of Mac OS X Lion or Mountain is freezing at [PCI Configuration Begin], enter the
npci=0x3000 boot flag to fix it. This flag is applied by default when you install Easybeast or UserDSDT
with Multibeast. The boot flag npci=x2000 does the same thing, except that it only works for Lion.

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OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

arch=i386
Forces Mac OS X to boot into 32-bit mode. Sometimes, your CPU or graphics card won't be fully supported in
OS X unless you boot into 32-bit mode. Unlike in Windows, booting the 32-bit kernel for Mac OS X does not
limit your total amount of RAM to 4 GB, and you can still run 64-bit applications. However, single applications
cannot use up more than 4 GB of RAM, so this is a disadvantage if you do professional video editing, or
something else that takes up a lot of RAM. This boot flag no longer works in OS X Mountain Lion.
arch=x86_64
Allows Mac OS X to boot into 64-bit mode. This boot flag is usually unnecessary, as Mac OS X Snow Leopard
(and all versions beyond it) will boot into 64-bit mode by default.
-force64
Forces Mac OS X to boot into 64-bit mode. This is usually required to boot AMD Hackintoshes, especially on
Hackintoshes with AMD's newer six-core processors. Interestingly, you can use the -force64 boot flag and the
arch=i386 at the same time (I'm not sure what this will do, though).
cpus=1
This boot flag limits Mac OS X to using one core of your CPU. This boot flag is often necessary to launch the
Mac OS X Snow Leopard installation DVD on a Hackintosh with an unsupported processor (ahem, AMD
processors). However, you shouldn't have to use this boot flag once you've installed the legacy kernel.
busratio=20
The 20 is replaced with your CPU's bus ratio. This boot flag is usually used when you're installing Mac OS X
Snow Leopard on a processor that's not supported (once again, AMD processors). Snow Leopard supports
more processors than it used to, so this boot flag isn't as common as before. You can find a list of busratios
for 2010-model Intel processors here. You can also find your busratio manually.
mach_kernel
This boot flag locates the kernel ("mach_kernel"), an important boot file for Mac OS X. If your Hackintosh's
verbose mode says that it can't find mach_kernel for some reason, entering this boot flag will help the
bootloader find it (the kernel is usually found at the very base of the OS X file system). If you actually moved
your kernel to somewhere else in your hard drive, change "mach_kernel" to wherever the kernel is located.
For example, if the kernel is in the Extra folder of your main hard drive, enter the boot flag
"/Extra/mach_kernel" (without quotation marks).
GraphicsEnabler=No
This turns Graphics Enabler off/on (you can set "No" to "Yes"). Graphics Enabler is a feature that helps Mac OS
X work better with your graphics card, so it's turned on by default when you set up your Hackintosh
with Multibeast. However, when used with certain graphics cards (especially AMD Radeon cards), Graphics
Enabler may make Mac OS X unable to boot, or cause the graphics in Mac OS X to display incorrectly. If this is
the case, try entering "GraphicsEnabler=No" (without quotations) instead. Turning GraphicsEnabler off will
break DVD Player, as well as Geekbench, most games, most video editors, and certain other apps. Graphics
cards from NVIDIA's 600 series no longer require GraphicsEnabler to work with Mac OS X; in that case, turning
off GraphicsEnabler won't cause any negative effects.
debug=0x100
debug=0x144
Turns on debug mode. If you use either of these boot flags, and Mac OS X gets a kernel panic (which is the
Mac version of the blue screen of death), you'll see a debug screen full of code instead of a generic "You need
to restart your computer" message.

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darkwake=0
The DarkWake feature in Mac OS X Lion and Mountain Lion allows you to wake up certain parts of your Mac
from sleep, while leaving other parts in sleep mode. Unfortunately, this feature often messes up sleep on
Hackintoshes. Enter this bootflag to turn it off (enter darkwake=1 to turn it on, if turning it off doesn't do the
trick). Additionally, if your verbose bootup is freezing at a bunch of commands that mention
"SleepEnabler.kext", entering darkwake=0 should be able to turn SleepEnabler.kext off. (Once you boot into
OS X, be sure to remove SleepEnabler.kext completely by deleting it from either /Extra/Extensions or
/System/Library/Extensions in your hard drive.)

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22 OSX Keyboard Shortcuts

Learn about common OS X keyboard shortcuts. A keyboard shortcut is a way to
invoke a function in OS X by pressing a combination of keys on your keyboard.
To use a keyboard shortcut, or key combination, you press a modifier key with a character key. For example,
pressing the Command key (the key that has a

symbol) and the "c" key at the same time copies whatever is

currently selected (text, graphics, and so forth) into the Clipboard. This is also known as the Command-C key
combination (or keyboard shortcut).
A modifier key is a part of many key combinations. A modifier key alters the way other keystrokes or
mouse/trackpad clicks are interpreted by OS X. Modifier keys include: Command, Shift, Option, Control, Caps
Lock, and the Fn key. If your keyboard has an Fn key, you may need to use it in some of the key combinations
listed below. For example, if the keyboard shortcut is Control-F2, press Fn-Control-F2.
Here are the modifier key symbols you may see in OS X menus:
(Command key) - On some Apple keyboards, this key also has an Apple (

) logo

(Control key)
(Option key) - "Alt" may also appear on this key
(Shift key)
(Caps Lock) - Toggles Caps Lock on or off
Fn (Function key)
Startup shortcuts
Press the key or key combination until the expected function occurs/appears (for example, hold Option
during startup until Startup Manager appears, or Shift until "Safe Boot" appears). Tip: If a startup function
doesn't work and you use a third-party keyboard, try again with an Apple keyboard.
Key or key combination

What it does

Option

Display all bootable volumes (Startup Manager)

Shift

Perform a Safe Boot (start up in Safe Mode)

Left Shift

Prevent automatic login

Start from bootable media (DVD, CD, USB thumb

drive, and so forth)

Start in FireWire target disk mode

Start from NetBoot server

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Force Mac OS X startup (if non-Mac OS X startup

volumes are present)

Use Apple Hardware Test

Command-R

Use Recovery (OS X Lion or later)

Command-V

Start in Verbose Mode

Command-S

Start in Single User Mode

Command-Option-P-R

Reset NVRAM / parameter RAM

Hold down the Media Eject () key or F12 key, or mouse

Eject removable discs
or trackpad button

Sleep and shut down shortcuts

Key or key combination

What it does

Power button

Turn off your Mac or put it to sleep

Hold down the power button

Force your Mac to shut down

Command-Control-power
button

Force your Mac to restart

Control-Media Eject ()

Show restart/sleep/shutdown dialog

Command-Option-Media Eject
Put the computer to sleep
()
Command-Control-Media
Eject ()

Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open
documents), then restart the computer

Command-Option-ControlMedia Eject ()

Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open
documents), then shut down the computer

Shift-Control-Media Eject ()

Put all displays to sleep

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Finder keyboard shortcuts
Key combination

What it does

Command-A

Select all items in the front Finder window (or desktop if

no window is open)

Command-Option-A

Deselect all items

Command-Shift-A

Open the Applications folder

Command-C

Copy selected item/text to the Clipboard

Command-Shift-C

Open the Computer window

Command-D

Duplicate selected item

Command-Shift-D

Open desktop folder

Command-E

Eject

Command-F

Find any matching Spotlight attribute

Command-Shift-F

Find Spotlight file name matches

Command-Option-F

Navigate to the search field in an already-open Spotlight

window

Command-Shift-G

Go to Folder

Command-Shift-H

Open the Home folder of the currently logged-in user

account

Command-I

Get Info

Command-Option-I

Show Inspector

Command-Control-I

Get Summary Info

Command-Shift-I

Open iDisk

Command-J

Show View Options

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Command-K

Connect to Server

Command-Shift-K

Open Network window

Command-L

Make alias of the selected item

Command-M

Minimize window

Command-Option-M

Minimize all windows

Command-N

New Finder window

Command-Shift-N

New folder

Command-Option-N

New Smart Folder

Command-O

Open selected item

Command-Shift-Q

Log Out

Command-Shift-Option-Q

Log Out immediately

Command-R

Show original (of alias)

Command-T

Add to Sidebar

Command-Shift-T

Add to Favorites

Command-Option-T

Hide Toolbar / Show Toolbar in Finder windows

Command-Shift-U

Open Utilities folder

Command-V

Paste

Command-W

Close window

Command-Option-W

Close all windows

Command-X

Cut

Command-Option-Y

Slideshow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)

Command-Z

Undo / Redo

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Command-1

View as Icon

Command-2

View as List

Command-3

View as Columns

Command-4

View as Cover Flow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)

Command-Comma (,)

Open Finder preferences

Command-Accent (`) (the Accent key above Tab

key on a US English keyboard layout)

Cycle through open Finder windows

Command-Shift-Question Mark (?)

Open Mac Help

Command-Left Bracket ([)

Go to the previous folder

Command-Right Bracket (])

Go to the next folder

Command-Up Arrow

Open the folder that contains the current folder

Command-Control-Up Arrow

Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new

window

Command-Down Arrow

Open highlighted item

Command-Shift-Up Arrow

Make the desktop active

Right Arrow (in List view)

Open the selected folder

Left Arrow (in List view)

Close the selected folder

Option-click the disclosure triangle (in List view)

Open all folders within the selected folder

Optiondouble-click

Open a folder in a separate window, closing the current

window

Commanddouble-click

Open a folder in a separate window

Command-click the window title

See the folders that contain the current window

Command-Tab

Switch applicationcycle forward

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Command-Shift-Tab

Switch applicationcycle backward

Command-Delete

Move to Trash

Command-Shift-Delete

Empty Trash

Command-Shift-Option-Delete

Empty Trash without confirmation dialog

Space bar (or Command-Y)

Quick Look (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)

Command key while dragging

Move dragged item to other volume/location (pointer

icon changes while key is held--see this article)

Option key while dragging

Copy dragged item (pointer icon changes while key is

held--see this article)

Command-Option key combination while

dragging

Make alias of dragged item (pointer icon changes while

key is held--see this article)

Application and other OS X shortcuts

Note: Some applications may not support all of the following application key combinations.
Key combination

What it does

Command-Space bar

Show or hide the Spotlight search field (if multiple languages are installed,
may rotate through enabled script systems)

Control-A

Move to beginning of line/paragraph

Control-B

Move one character backward

Control-D

Delete the character in front of the cursor

Control-E

Move to end of line/paragraph

Control-F

Move one character forward

Control-H

Delete the character behind the cursor

Control-K

Delete from the character in front of the cursor to the end of the
line/paragraph

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Control-L

Center the cursor/selection in the visible area

Control-N

Move down one line

Control-O

Insert a new line after the cursor

Control-P

Move up one line

Control-T

Transpose the character behind the cursor and the character in front of the
cursor

Control-V

Move down one page

Option-Delete

Delete the word that is left of the cursor, as well as any spaces or
punctuation after the word

Command-Option-Space bar

Show the Spotlight search results window (if multiple languages are
installed, may rotate through keyboard layouts and input methods within a
script)

Command-Tab

Move forward to the next most recently used application in a list of open
applications

Command-Shift-Tab

Move backward through a list of open applications (sorted by recent use)

Shift-Tab

Navigate through controls in a reverse direction

Control-Tab

Move focus to the next grouping of controls in a dialog or the next table
(when Tab moves to the next cell)

Shift-Control-Tab

Move focus to the previous grouping of controls

Command-esc

Open Front Row (if installed)

Option-Media Eject ()

Eject from secondary optical media drive (if one is installed)

Fn-Delete

Forward Delete (on a portable Mac's built-in keyboard)

Control-F1

Toggle full keyboard access on or off

Control-F2

Move focus to the menu bar

Control-F3

Move focus to the Dock

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Control-F4

Move focus to the active (or next) window

Shift-Control-F4

Move focus to the previously active window

Control-F5

Move focus to the toolbar.

Control-F6

Move focus to the first (or next) panel

Shift-Control-F6

Move focus to the previous panel

Control-F7

Temporarily override the current keyboard access mode in windows and

dialogs

Control-F8

Move to the status menus in the menu bar

F9

Tile or untile all open windows

F10

Tile or untile all open windows in the currently active application

F11

Hide or show all open windows

F12

Hide or display Dashboard

Command-Accent (`)

Activate the next open window in the frontmost application

Command-Shift-Accent (`)

Activate the previous open window in the frontmost application

Command-Option-Accent (`)

Move focus to the window drawer

Command-Minus ()

Decrease the size of the selected item

Command-{

Left-align a selection

Command-}

Right-align a selection

Command-|

Center-align a selection

Command-Colon (:)

Display the Spelling window

Command-Semicolon (;)

Find misspelled words in the document

Command-Comma (,)

Open the front application's preferences window (if it supports this

keyboard shortcut)

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Command-Option-ControlComma (,)

Decrease screen contrast

Command-Option-ControlPeriod (.)

Increase screen contrast

Command-Question Mark (?)

Open the application's help in Help Viewer

Command-Option-/

Turn font smoothing on or off

Command-Shift-=

Increase the size of the selected item

Command-Shift-3

Capture the screen to a file

Command-Shift-Control-3

Capture the screen to the Clipboard

Command-Shift-4

Capture a selection to a file

Command-Shift-Control-4

Capture a selection to the Clipboard

Command-A

Highlight every item in a document or window, or all characters in a text

field

Command-B

Boldface the selected text or toggle boldfaced text on and off

Command-C

Copy the selected data to the Clipboard

Command-Shift-C

Display the Colors window

Command-Option-C

Copy the style of the selected text

Command-Control-C

Copy the formatting settings of the selected item and store on the Clipboard

Command-Option-D

Show or hide the Dock

Command-Control-D

Display the definition of the selected word in the Dictionary application

Command-D

Selects the Desktop folder in Open and Save dialogs

or
Selects "Don't Save" in dialogs that contain a Don't Save button, in Mac OS X
v10.6.8 and earlier

Command-Delete

Selects "Don't Save" in dialogs that contain a Don't Save button, in OS X Lion
and Mountain Lion

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Command-E

Use the selection for a find

Command-F

Open a Find window

Command-Option-F

Move to the search field control

Command-G

Find the next occurrence of the selection

Command-Shift-G

Find the previous occurrence of the selection

Command-H

Hide the windows of the currently running application

Command-Option-H

Hide the windows of all other running applications

Command-I

Italicize the selected text or toggle italic text on or off

Command-Option-I

Display an inspector window

Command-J

Scroll to a selection

Command-M

Minimize the active window to the Dock

Command-Option-M

Minimize all windows of the active application to the Dock

Command-N

Create a new document in the frontmost application

Command-O

Display a dialog for choosing a document to open in the frontmost

application

Command-P

Display the Print dialog

Command-Shift-P

Display a dialog for specifying printing parameters (Page Setup)

Command-Q

Quit the frontmost application

Command-S

Save the active document

Command-Shift-S

Display the Save As dialog

Command-T

Display the Fonts window

Command-Option-T

Show or hide a toolbar

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Command-U

Underline the selected text or turn underlining on or off

Command-V

Paste the Clipboard contents at the insertion point

Command-Option-V

Apply the style of one object to the selected object (Paste Style)

Command-Shift-Option-V

Apply the style of the surrounding text to the inserted object (Paste and
Match Style)

Command-Control-V

Apply formatting settings to the selected object (Paste Ruler Command)

Command-W

Close the frontmost window

Command-Shift-W

Close a file and its associated windows

Command-Option-W

Close all windows in the application without quitting it

Command-X

Remove the selection and store in the Clipboard

Command-Z

Undo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Undos)

Command-Shift-Z

Redo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Redos)

Control-Right Arrow

Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table

Control-Left Arrow

Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table

Control-Down Arrow

Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table

Control-Up Arrow

Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table

Command-Right Arrow

Move the text insertion point to the end of the current line

Command-Left Arrow

Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the current line

Command-Down Arrow

Move the text insertion point to the end of the document

Command-Up Arrow

Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the document

Option-Right Arrow

Move the text insertion point to the end of the next word

Option-Left Arrow

Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the previous word

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Command-Shift-Right Arrow

Select text between the insertion point and the end of the current line (*)

Command-Shift-Left Arrow

Select text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line
(*)

Shift-Right Arrow

Extend text selection one character to the right (*)

Shift-Left Arrow

Extend text selection one character to the left (*)

Command-Shift-Up Arrow

Select text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document
(*)

Command-Shift-Down Arrow

Select text between the insertion point and the end of the document (*)

Shift-Up Arrow

Extend text selection to the line above, to the nearest character boundary at
the same horizontal location (*)

Shift-Down Arrow

Extend text selection to the line below, to the nearest character boundary at
the same horizontal location (*)

Shift-Option-Right Arrow

Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the
following word if pressed again (*)

Shift-Option-Left Arrow

Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the
beginning of the following word if pressed again (*)

Shift-Option-Down Arrow

Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of
the following paragraph if pressed again (*)

Shift-Option-Up Arrow

Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the
beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)

Control-Space bar

Toggle between the current and previous input sources

Option-Control-Space bar

Toggle through all enabled input sources

Command-Option-esc

Force Quit

Command-Shift-Option-Esc
(hold for three seconds)

Force Quit the front-most application (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)

Command-Left Bracket ([)

Previous browser webpage

Command-Right Bracket (])

Next browser webpage

*Note: If no text is selected, the extension begins at the insertion point. If text is selected by dragging, then
the extension begins at the selection boundary. Reversing the direction of the selection deselects the
appropriate unit.

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Universal Access - VoiceOver keyboard commands

For information about VoiceOver key combination differences in Mac OS X v10.6, see this article.
Key combination

What it does

Command-F5 or Fn-Command-F5

Turn VoiceOver on or off

Option-Control-F8 or Fn-Option-Control-F8

Open VoiceOver Utility (if VoiceOver is on)

Option-Control-F7 or Fn-Option-Control-F7

Display VoiceOver menu (if VoiceOver is on)

Option-Control-Semicolon (;)

Enable/disable VoiceOver Control Option-lock

Command-Option-8

Turn Zoom on or off

Command-Option-Plus (+)

Zoom In

Command-Option-Minus ()

Zoom Out

Command-Option-Control-8

Invert/revert the screen colors (OS X Lion or earlier)

Command-Option-Control-Comma (,)

Reduce contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)

Command-Option-Control-Period (.)

Increase contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)

Note: You may need to enable "Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard keys" in Keyboard preferences for the
VoiceOver menu and utility to work.

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Full keyboard access
Full keyboard access lets you use your keyboard to navigate and interact with items on the screen. Use these
shortcuts to select and adjust controls such as text fields and sliders.
Key combination What it does
Tab

Move to the next control

Shift-Tab

Move to the previous control

Control-Tab

Move to the next control when a text field is selected

Arrow keys

Move to the adjacent item in a list, tab group, or menu

or
Move sliders and adjusters (vertical up and down arrows used to increase and decrease
values)

Control-Arrow
keys

Move to a control adjacent to the text field

Space bar

Select the highlighted menu item

Return or Enter

Click the default button or perform the default action

Esc

Click the Cancel button

or
Close a menu without choosing an item

You can navigate the menus in the menu bar without using a mouse or trackpad. To put the focus in the
menu bar, press Control-F2 (Fn-Control-F2 on portable keyboards). Then use the key combinations listed
below.
Key combination

What it does

Left Arrow and Right Arrow

Move from menu to menu

Return

Open a selected menu

Up Arrow and Down Arrow

Move to menu items in the selected menu

Type the menu items name

Jump to a menu item in the selected menu

Return

Select a menu item

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Universal Access - Mouse Keys

When Mouse Keys is turned on in Universal Access preferences, you can use the keyboard or numeric keypad
keys to move the mouse pointer. If your computer doesn't have a numeric keypad, use the Fn (function) key.
Key combination

What it does

Move Up

Move Down

Move Left

Move Right

Move Diagonally Bottom Left

Move Diagonally Bottom Right

Move Diagonally Top Left

Move Diagonally Top Right

Press Mouse Button

Hold Mouse Button

. (Period on number pad)

Release Hold Mouse Button

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