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satisfy their current needs at the cost of future and this is prevalent in poor
societies.
After the Rio Convention in 1992, efforts were taken to engage both businesses
and environmental groups in order to reduce pollution, promote self-regulation
and include sustainability in business practices. This can be witnessed with the
formation of ecological modernization which enables businesses to grow rapidly
without having progressive impacts on environment. As Kuznets curve declare
that development of economies makes them more sustainable and efficient.
Product certification has perhaps played a vital role in improving defined
standards and more sustainable use of resources. However, issues in supply
chains need to be addressed where unsustainable practices are undertaken.
Evidence shows a critical situation in developing countries where only a small
number of businesses comply to sustainable methods of operations. Due to poor
governance, high levels of poverty and debt, effective environmental standards is
difficult to enforce.
Neo-classical economics has promoted the importance of sustainability and tried
to include environmental factors in market preferences. Loss of bio-diversity and
climate change were the main issues of the international environment .Economic
development was assured to be unbiased to environment. The new sustainability
paradigm assumes environment to be a shared responsibility of everyone. Terms
such as wise use, wise stewardship and sovereign property rights were
emphasized. Thus, over the years from 1987 to 2005, the economic debate
which highly influences sustainability has shifted from supporting needs
approach to focusing more on rights and choices for people. This has led to
taking into account the environmental issues but still the author of this article
highlights that if we want to pursue sustainability, it needs to be redefined in
terms of social and cultural context.
B- Briefly review any two of the other discourses presented in the
paper.
and exploring and creating new things. Thus as the interaction of humans and
environment is changing and boundaries are merging then policies will also be
reconsidered. Thus in this regard, the meaning of sustainability and environment
will also need to be reconsidered.