Air Conditioning System

(Part 2)

By : Rafikullah Deraman,
Lecturer JKA, Polisas

Learning Outcome:
At the end of this lesson, student should be able to:

Differentiate types of air conditioning system

Calculate the size of air-conditioner systems

 Window unit, are sufficient when cooling a single room or

small space.
If you do choose a window unit, it is extremely important
that they are sized for the area being cooled.
Capacity for cooling load is between 6000- 32,000 BTUH
Under sizing a unit will cause the unit to run constantly
which will drive up your electric bills.
On the other hand, if the unit is too large it wont run long
enough to remove humidity.
High humidity can cause poor indoor air quality.

Product in the Market

RA-10KF-Hitachi
1.0hp Window Type Air Conditioner,
Cooling capacity: 9,010 BTU/h

Disadvantages:
Higher noise levels
Physical appearance( typically unattractive)
Lower efficiency
Limited cool up to two rooms
Poor constant temperatures

Window Unit

Advantages
They are relatively inexpensive
Easy to install

Split Unit
Split Unit
4 indoor air-handling units c/w
Single unit outdoor

A split-system air conditioner splits the hot

side from the cold side of the system, as in the
diagram below.
Outdoor unit: The outdoor unit contains a
compressor and a condensing coil filled with
refrigerant.
Indoor unit: The indoor unit is made up of a
coil and blower which is located inside

RAS-S10CC - Hitachi
1.0hp Wide Deluxe Air Conditioner, Cooling
capacity: 10,110 BTU/h

RAS-S13CY - Hitachi
1.5hp Deluxe Air Conditioner, Cooling
capacity: 12,020-12,090 BTU/h

RAS-S18CAM
2.0hp Deluxe Wide Air Conditioner
Cooling capacity: 17,410 -17750 BTU/h
RAS-24CE9G
2.5hp Deluxe Wide Air Conditioner,
Cooling capacity: 24,060 BTU/h

Advantages:
Flexibility and size.
Since they are small units, they can easily be
installed. More so, their flexibility is perfect for
warming and cooling of rooms. Most of the
models of split types encompass 4 indoor airhandling units, which are connected to a
single unit placed outdoors. These 4 indoor
air-handling units are able to cool down and
heat up 4 rooms or zones.

Advantages:
Easier to install
most of split types can be quickly and easily
installed.
a window or wall opening is not required to
install split ac units.
The indoor unit can be placed on the floor,
hung on wall brackets or mounted on the
ceiling. The outdoor unit is obviously
installed outside of the buildings.

Advantages:
Easy maintenance
The split ac units system should be
maintained on a regular basis (at least twice
a year).This will ensure that it always runs at
its optimum performance levels, in terms of
both power and efficiency.
Easily maintained on the basis that they will
normally have a filter which is washable.
A regular maintenance will also ensure the
longevity of the split ac units system.

Advantages:
Quiet operation
The split ac units system is very quiet in
comparison to other air conditioning
systems.
The minimization of noise is importance in
rooms which require a peaceful
environment

Advantages:
Cost effective
With regards to the initial cost of purchasing split
ac units it may be prudent to note that four
indoor units can operate from one outdoor unit.
The running costs of the split ac units are also cost
effective. Split ac units are extremely energy
efficient.
Energy efficiency ensures that the split ac units do
not work any harder than is ultimately required,
thereby minimizing electrical energy consumption
on an on going basis.

Advantages:
Simple control
The Split ac units are simple to operate and are
therefore suitable for every and any individual
considering the purchase of an air conditioning
system.

Disadvantages:
1. Sometimes the indoor and outdoor unit fan becomes
noisy.
2. Each unit or group of units has a filter, compressor and
refrigeration pipework that needs periodic maintenance
and possible re-charging.
3. Units have course filters therefore filtration is not as
good as with AHUs.
4. The installation may require long runs of refrigerant
pipework which, if it leaks into the building, can be
difficult to remedy.

Disadvantages:
5. Not at robust as central plant.
6. The majority of room air conditioners just recirculate air in
a room with no fresh air supply although most
manufacturers make units with fresh air capability.
7. Cooling output is limited to about 9 kW maximum per unit;
therefore many units would be required to cool rooms with
high heat gains.

Package Unit

 The package unit refer to the components namely

The compressor
The cooling coil
The condenser
The evaporator
are all packaged, designed and matched up by the
manufacturer to form a complete system.

Usually used for medium and large installation air

conditioning system.
Cooling load capacity between 24,000 to 360,000 BTUH
Used with and without a ducting system.

XL1400 SINGLE PACKAGE AIR CONDITIONER

Model

Nominal
Tons

Height
(in.)

Width
(in.)

Length
(in.)

Capacity
CoolingBTUH

SEER

TCY024G

29

36

56

24,000

14.00

TCY030G

2.5

29

36

56

30,600

14.00

TCY036G

29

36

64

36,000

14.10

TCY042G

3.5

29

36

64

41,500

14.00

TCY048G

33

45

65

49,000

14.40

XL1200 SINGLE PACKAGE AIR CONDITIONER

Model

Nominal
Tons

Height
(in.)

Width
(in.)

Length
(in.)

Capacity
CoolingBTUH

SEER

TCY024F
TCY030F
TCY036F
TCY042F
TCY048F
TCY060F

2
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
4
5

29
29
29
29
33
33

36
36
36
36
45
45

56
56
64
64
65
65

24,000
30,000
36,000
41,500
48,000
60,000

12
12.3
12
12
13.05
12.4

Advantages :

1. A packaged unit saves precious space. Especially

in an office that probably has limited space.
2. Low installation cost
3. Simple operation- trained man power is not
required.
4. Possible to switch off unit catering to unoccupied
spaces thereby avoiding wastage
5. Less plant room space required.

1. Limitations on air flow and filtration levels

2. Smaller compression and hence higher kW/ton
consumption.
3. Operating sound levels can be quite high.
4. Limitations on the amount of fresh air intake.

Central Plant Systems

Disadvantages:

 Central air conditioning is used for cooling

big buildings, houses, offices, entire hotels,
gyms, movie theatres, factories etc.
A central air conditioning system is
comprised of a huge compressor that has
the capacity to produce hundreds of tons
of air conditioning.
Cooling big halls, malls, huge spaces,
galleries etc. is usually only feasible with
central conditioning unit

Central Plant Systems

Central Plant Systems

Central Plant Systems

There is a plant room where large compressor,

condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and
the evaporator are kept in the large plant
room. They perform all the functions as usual
similar to a typical refrigeration system.
However, all these parts are larger in size and
have higher capacities.
The chilled is passed via the ducts to all the
rooms, halls and other spaces that are to be air
conditioned.

Cooling tower
Plant room
AHU room
Air conditioning room

Central Plant Systems

1.
2.
3.
4.

Components:
1) Plant Room:
The plant room is a important components.
These include the compressor, condenser, thermostatic
expansion valve and the evaporator or the chillier.
Piping required to connect these parts
2) Air-Handing Unit (AHU) Room
The air handling units are installed in the place called air
handling unit rooms.
The air handling units comprise of the cooling coil, air
filter, the blower and the supply and return air ducts.

The chilled water flows through the cooling coil.

This cooled air passes over the air filter and is passed by the
supply air ducts into the space which is to be air conditioned.
The air handling unit and the ducts passing through it are
insulated to reduce the loss of the cooling effect.

3) Air Conditioned Rooms:

These are the rooms or spaces that are to be air conditioned.
At the top of these rooms the supply and the return air ducts
are laid. The supply air ducts supply the cool air to the room
via one set of the diffusers, while the return air ducts absorbs
the hot return air from the room by another set of the diffusers.
The hot return air enters the air handling unit, gets cooled and
again enters the room via supply duct to produce air
conditioning effect.

4) Cooling Tower:
The cooling tower is used to cool the water that absorbs
heat from the compressor and the condenser.
When water flows through these components some water
gets evaporated, to make up this loss some water is also
added in the cooling tower.
The cooling tower is of evaporative type. Here the water is
cooled by the atmospheric air and is re-circulated through
the compressor and the condenser.

Central Plant Systems

AHU

Central Plant Systems

ADVANTAGES :
1. Noise in rooms is usually reduced if plant room
is away from occupied spaces.
2. The whole building can be controlled from a
central control station. This means that optimum
start and stop can be used .Also time clocks
can bring air conditioning on and off at
appropriate times.
3. Maintenance is centralised in the plant room.
Plant is easier to access.

DISADVANTAGES:
1. Expensive to install a complete full comfort airconditioning system throughout a building.
2. Space is required for plant and to run ductwork
both vertically in shafts and horizontally in ceiling
spaces.
3. Individual room control is difficult with central
plant.

Air Conditioning Size

The cooling capacity of room air conditioners is
measured in BTUs, or British Thermal Units, per
hour.
To figure the size unit you need, measure the
space you're trying to cool and find it on this chart.
To estimate square footage, multiply the length of
the room by the width. (A room that's 10 feet by 20
feet, for example, has 200 square feet in it.

Table
To cool this area
Size air conditioner
100 to 150 square feet
5,000 BTUs per hour
150 to 250 square feet
6,000 BTUs
250 to 300 square feet
7,000 BTUs
300 to 350 square feet
8,000 BTUs
350 to 400 square feet
9,000 BTUs
400 to 450 square feet
10,000 BTUs
450 to 550 square feet
12,000 BTUs
550 to 700 square feet
14,000 BTUs
700 to 1,000 square feet
18,000 BTUs
1,000 to 1 400 square feet 24,000 BTUs

When looking for the correct size air conditioner, keep these
suggestions in mind, as well:
If the room is heavily shaded, you can reduce the BTU
capacity by 10%
If the room is very sunny, you should increase the BTU
capacity by 10%
If more than 2 people regularly occupy the room, add 600
Btu for each additional person
If the unit is for a kitchen, increase the capacity by 4,000
Btu/Hr.

Thank You