SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA

SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE GESTIN

Procedimiento Ejecucin de la Formacin Profesional Integral
WORKSHOP

NAME: CAMILA PEREZ BOHORQUEZ

Versin: 02
Fecha: 30/09/2013
Cdigo: F004-P006GFPI

DATE: _September 1, 2015__

EXPLANATION: MODAL VERBS

Estudia con atencin toda la explicacin y luego desarrolla los
ejercicio propuestos.
En este taller usted va a encontrar un nuevo tema relacionado con los
verbos modales del ingls. Los verbos modales te ayudan a expresar lo
que puedes hacer, lo que deberas hacer, lo que tienes que hacer y lo
que es permitido hacer. Observa con atencin.

The following explanation was retrived from: http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammarrules/verbs/modal-verbs/

Modal Verbs:
Can, Could
Can, could and be able to are used to express a variety of ideas in
English:
Present and Future:
1. Tom can write poetry very well.
2. I can help you with that next week.
3. Lisa cant speak French.
Be Able To
1. Mike is able to solve complicated math equations
2. The support team will be able to help you in about ten minutes.
3. I wont be able to visit you next summer.
Past:
could / couldnt + base form of the verb
1. When I was a child I couldplay the guitar
Possibility / Impossibility
can / cant + base form of the verb
1. You can catch that train at 10:43.
2. He cant see you right now. Hes in surgery.
could + base form of the verb
1. I could fly via Amsterdam if I leave the day before.
Ask Permission / Give Permission
Can + Subject + base form of the verb (informal)
1. Can you lend me ten dollars?
Can + base form of the verb (informal)
1. You can borrow my car.
Could + subject + base form of the verb (polite)
1. Could I have your number?
2. Could I talk to your supervisor please?
Make a suggestion To make a suggestion use:
Could + base form of the verb (informal)
1. You could take the tour of the castle tomorrow.
Exercises: Can, Could, Be able to
Fill in the correct form of can, could or be able to as in the examples.
1. Ben could not help his little brother with his homework yesterday.

2. Can I call you later tonight?

1. ___COULD__ Tony run long distances when he was a boy?
2. ___COULD___ you please call a tow truck for me? My car broke
down. (polite)
3. The students ___ARENT ABLE____ to buy their textbooks today.
The bookstore is all out of them.
4. ____CAN__ you teach me how to fix my computer? Youre so good
at it.
5. _WILL_____ you __ABLE TO____ reach the customer if you call
him at 4:00 his time?
Answers:
1. Could
2. Could
3. arent able
4. Can
5. Will/be able to
May, Might
Formal Permission / Formal Prohibition
may / may not + base form of the verb
1. You may start your exam now.
2. You may not wear sandals to work.
Polite Request
May + subject + base form of the verb
1. May I help you?
Possibility / Negative Possibility
may/ might + base form of the verb
1. We may go out dinner tonight. Do you want to join us?
2. Our company might get the order if the client agrees to the price.
may not / might not + base form of the verb
1. Adam and Sue may not buy that house. Its very expensive.
2. They might not buy a house at all.
To Make a Suggestion (when there is no better alternative)
may as well / might as well + base form of the verb
1. You may as well come inside. John will be home soon.
2. We might as well take Friday off. Theres no work to be done
anyway.

Polite Suggestion
might + base form of the verb
1. You might like to try the salmon fillet. Its our special today.
Exercises: May / Might
Fill in the correct form of may or might as in the example.
1. May I sit here?
1. They __MIGHT NOT____ finish the project on time. The main
engineer is ill.
2. You _MIGHT____ want to stop by the museum gift shop on your
way out.
3. __MAY___ I have your autograph?
4. He _MAY AS WELL______ visit the Louvre. Hes in Paris anyway.
5. You __MAY NOT____ park your car here. Its reserved for guests
of the hotel only.
Answers:
1. might not
2. might
3. May
4. may as well
5. may not
Shall, Should, Ought to
To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are quite
sure of a positive answer)
Shall + subject + base form of the verb
1. Shall we go for a walk?
Note: Shall is only used with I or we. It is used instead of will only in
formal English.
To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are not
sure of a positive answer)
Should + subject + base form of the verb
1. Should I call a doctor?
A Prediction or Expectation that Something Will Happen
should/shouldnt + base form of the verb
1. The proposal should be finished on time.
2. I shouldnt be late. The train usually arrives on time.
To Give Advice
should / ought to + base form of the verb
1. You should check that document before you send it out.

2. You ought to have your car serviced before the winter.

To Give Advice (about something you think wrong or
unacceptable)
shouldnt + base form of the verb
1. James shouldnt teach him words like those.
Exercises: Should, Shouldnt, Ought To
Fill in should, shouldnt or ought in the following sentences as in the
example.
1. He shouldnt encourage such bad behavior.
1. You __SHOULD___ get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.
2. The house __SHOULD____ be ready to move into by next month.
Its almost finished.
3. Ron ____OUGHT____ to improve his attitude. If he doesnt, he
might get fired.
4. ___SHOULD_____ I get your jacket? Its cold in here.
5. You ___SHOULDNT_____ put your feet on the table. Its not
polite.
Must, Have to, Need to, Dont have to, Neednt
Necessity or Requirement
Present and Future:
must / have to / need to + base form of the verb
1. You must have a passport to cross the border.
2. Elisabeth has to apply for her visa by March 10th.
3. I need to drop by his room to pick up a book.
Past:
had to / needed to + base form of the verb
1. I had to work late last night.
2. I needed to drink a few cups of coffee in order to stay awake.
Note: have to and need to are often used in the same context, but
many times, need to is used to express something that is less urgent,
something in which you have a choice.
Almost 100% Certain
must + base form of the verb
1. Thomas has lived in Paris for years. His French must be very
good.
Prohibited or Forbidden
must not / mustnt + base form of the verb
1. You must not drive over the speed limit.
2. You mustnt leave medicines where children can get to them.

Lack of Necessity
dont /doesnt /didnt + have to + base form of the verb
1. You dont have to park the car. The hotel valet will do it for you.
2. Tim doesnt have to go to school today. Its a holiday.
neednt + base form of the verb
1. You neednt worry about me. Ill be fine.
Modals: Will / Would
will / wont + base form of the verb
1. John will pick you up at 7:00am.
2. Beth wont be happy with the results of the exam.
Polite Request or Statement
Will / Would + base form of the verb
1. Will you please take the trash out?
2. Would you mind if I sat here?
3. Id (I would) like to sign up for your workshop.
Habitual Past Action
Would/Wouldnt + base form of the verb
1. When I was a child, I would spend hours playing with my train
set.
2. Peter wouldnt eat broccoli when he was a kid. He loves it now.

The two links below contain videos about the explanation of this topic,
please watch them:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaBH_huiJSM
https://prezi.com/lhgtsypo1jeo/modals-verbs/ Explaining modal verbs.
ACTIVITY
1. Look at the images (1-6) and rewrite each situation using modals.
Look at the example:

Example: 1 Can you open the door?

Could you open the door?
2. could i use the computer?
can i use the computer?
may i use the computer?
3. could i drink some water?
can i drink some water?
may i drink some water?
4. could you close the window?
can you close the window?
5. could you turn on the tv?
can you turn on the tv?
6. could i use the telephone?
can i use the telephone?
7. could i borrow your book?
can i borrow your book?
may i borrow your book?
8. could i get a sandwish?
can i get a sandwich?
may i get a sandwich?
9. could you speak slower please?
can you speak slower please?

2. Look at the following charts and identify the way modal verbs are
used. Write examples in each case.
1) CAN
ability
permissio
n
request
offer

suggestio
n

YOUR EXAMPLES
I can speak English. I CAN WALK
Can I go to the cinema? CAN I GO
TO THE PARTY?
Can you wait a moment, please?
CAN YOU STOP THE CAR PLEASE?
I can lend you my car till
tomorrow. I CAN BORROW YOU
ONLY ONE THOUSAND PESOS.
Can we visit Grandma at the
weekend? CAN WE TRAVEL
TOGETHER?

possibility

It can get very hot in Arizona. IT

CAN GET ILL CAUSE OF THE
WEATHER.

2) COULD
Use
Ability in the past

permission to do
sth. in the past
polite question *

polite request *

polite offer *

polite suggestion *

possibility *

COULD EXAMPLES
I could speak English.
I COULD RUN SO
FAST
I could go to the
cinema. I COULD GO
TO THE PARTY
Could I go to the
cinema, please?
COULD I GO TO THE
PARTY?
Could you wait a
moment, please?
COULD YOU STOP
THE CAR PLEASE?
I could lend you my
car till tomorrow. I
COULD BORROW YOU
ONLY ONE THOUSAND
PESOS.
Could we visit
Grandma at the
weekend? COULD WE
TRAVEL TOGETHER?
It could get very hot
in Montana. IT COULD
BE INTERESTING

YOUR EXAMPLES

Examples
It may rain today. IT
MAY BE AN
INTERESTING TOPIC
May I go to the
cinema? MAY I GO TO
THE BATHROOM
PLEASE?
May I help you? MAY
YOU HELP ME?

YOUR EXAMPLES

3) MAY
Use
possibility

permission

polite suggestion

4) MIGHT
Use
possibility (less possible than
may) *

hesitant offer *

Examples
It might rain
today. IT MIGHT
SNOW IN NEW
YORK THIS
MORNING
Might I help

YOUR
EXAMPLES

you? MIGHT
YOU HELP ME?

5) MUST
Use
force, necessity
possibility
advice, recommendation

Examples
I must go to the supermarket today.
You must be tired.
You must see the new film with Brad
Pitt.

Write your examples here

YOU MUST DO YOUR TASKS
YOU MUST BE FRUSTRATED
YOU MUST GO TO THE NEW SHOPPING CENTER

6) MUST NOT/
Use
prohibition

Examples
You mustn't work on dad's computer.

Write your examples here

YOU MUSTNT USE YOUR SISTERS CLOTHES

7) OUGHT TO
Use
advice
obligation

Examples
You ought to drive carefully in bad
weather.
You ought to switch off the light
when you leave the room.

Write your examples here

YOU OUGHT TO BE CAREFULY WITH THE BABY
YOU OUGHT TO TURN OFF THE TV WHEN NOBODY IS
WATHCHING.

9) SHALL : I/WE
Use
suggestion
Write your examples here
SHALL I BRING YOUR PET?
SHALL WE DINNER?

Examples
Shall I carry your bag?
Shall we go?

10) SHOULD
Use
advice
obligation

Examples
You should drive carefully in bad
weather.
You should switch off the light when
you leave the room.

Write your examples here

YOU SHOULD USE BETTER CLOTHES TO GO TO STUDY
YOU SHOULD USE SUN LIGHT DURING THE DAY
11)WILL
Use
wish, request, demand,
order (less polite than
would)
prediction, assumption
promise
spontaneous decision
habits

Examples
Will you please shut the door?

I think it will rain on Friday.

I will stop smoking.
Can somebody drive me to the
station? - I will.
She's strange, she'll sit for hours
without talking.

Write your examples here

WILL YOU BRING ME THAT GLASS PLEASE?
I BELIEVE IT WILL BE A SUNNY DAY TOMORROW
I WILL STOP DRINKING
CAN SOMEBODY HELP ME TO CATCH MY PET? I WILL.
THEY WILL DRINK FOR HOURS AS ALWAYS THEY DO.

EXPLANATION: THE PRESENT PERFECT

In this section you will learn how to use the present perfect tense. The
present perfect is used to express unfinished actions.
Example: I have studied English for two years= you started in the past
and you may be studying at present.
Look at the image and identify when the present perfect is used:

Retrived from: https://www.google.co.uk/search?

q=THE+PRESENT+PERFECT+IN+ENGLISH&biw=1280&bih=911
&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=vbJmVf3HPMTtsAWswIHgA
w&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAw#imgrc=Z3wA6x3IGRZiSM%253A
%3BdVE3m2KFSE1pAM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ftx.englishch.com%252Fteacher%252Fjocelyn%252Fthe%252520present
%252520perfect.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ftx.englishch.com%252Fteacher%252Fjocelyn%252Fothers%252Fthepresent-perfect%252F%3B685%3B334

The PRESENT PERFECT TENSE has the following structure:

The auxiliary verb to have" and the past participle of a verb.
The following chart show you the present perfect forms:

Complete the table in present perfect simple.

positive
negative

question

He has written a
letter.
THEY HAVE
STOPED
WE HAVE DANCE

HE HASNT WRITTEN A
LETTER
They have not stopped.

HAS HE WRITTEN A
LETTER?
HAVE THEY STOPED

WE HAVENT DANCE

Have we danced?

She has worked.

SHE HASNT WORKED

HAS SHE WORKED?

ANDY HAS SLEPT

Andy has not slept.

HAS ANDY SLEPT?

Write sentences in present perfect simple.

1. they / ask / a question ___THEY HAVE ASKED A QUESTION__
2. he / speak / English ____HE HAS SPOKEN ENGLISH___
3. I / be / in my room ___I HAVE BEEN IN MY ROOM____
4. we / not / wash / the car __WE HAVE NOT WASHED THE CAR__
5. Annie / not / forget / her homework _ANNIE HASNT FORGOTTEN
HER HOMEWORK__
Write questions in present perfect simple.
1. they / finish / their homework _THEY HAVE FINISHED THEIR
HOMEWORK____
2. Sue / kiss / Ben _SUE HAS KISSED TO BEN__
3. the waiter / bring / the tea __THE WAITER HAS BROUGHT THE
TEA___
4. Marilyn / pay / the bill _MARILYN HAS PAID THE BILL__
5.
you / ever / write / a poem __YOU HAVE EVER WRITTEN A
POEM__

Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.

1. They have talked about art at school. WHAT HAVE THEY DONE AT
SCHOOL?
2. Jane has got a letter. WHERE HAS THIS LETTER COME FROM?
3. Oliver has cooked dinner. WHAT HAS OLIVER COOKED?
4. Caron has read seven pages. HOW MANY PAGES HAS CAROL READ?
5.You have heard the song 100 times. WHAT HAVE YOU HEARD ONE
HUNDRED TIMES?

1 Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Present

Perfect.
1) Karen _HAS SENT_me an e-mail. (to send)
2) Dave and Pat __HAVE VISITED__the museum. (to visit)
3) I _HAVE BEEN__at the pet shop. (to be)
4) They __HAVE__already __PACKED__their rucksacks. (to
pack)
5) Marcus __HAS HAD__ an accident. (to have)
6) We __HAVE DONE__the shopping for our grandmother
(to do)
7) I _HAVE _ just ___CLEANED__my bike. (to clean)
8) Emily __HAS PAINTED__her room. (to paint)
9) Lisa and Colin __HAVE GONE____to a concert. (to go)
10) My friends ___HAVE GIVEN UP___smoking. (to give
up)
11) I __HAVE WASHED__ my father's car. (to wash)
EXPLANATION

ACTIVITY
2. Change
the
following
sentences
into the
negative.
Pay
attention to
ALREADY
and YET.
Use the
short forms
of verbs

ALREAD We use ALREADY to talk about an action that has been

Y
completed before we expected.
It is normally used in affirmative sentences:
"We have already had lunch"
YET

JUST

We use YET to talk about an action that hasn't been

completed, but we expect it to happen.
It is used in negative and interrogative sentences:
"Have they arrived yet?"
"She hasn't eaten anything yet"
Position within the sentence: at the end of the
sentence.
We use JUST to talk about actions that happened RECENTLY.

-He has just got a letter, but he hasn`t opened it yet.

-"Dan and Kelly have just had a baby girl" (it means the
baby was born a few days ago)
Position: before the participle.
(haven't/hasn't)
a) My sister has already arrived home ._MY SISTER HASNT ARRIVED
HOME YET__
b) Our neighbours have already cut the old tree __OUR NEIGHBORURS
HAVENT CUT THE OLD TREE YET__.
c) Alex has already finished his dinner. _ALEX HASNT FINISHED HIS
DINNER YET__.
d) My parents have already decided to buy a new car .__MY PARENTS
HAVENT DECIDED TO BUY A NEW CAR YET__.

e) The teacher has already given the results of the last exam. __THE
TEACHER HASNT GIVEN THE RESULT OF THE EXAM YET_
3 Change the following sentences into yes/no questions. Pay
attention to ALREADY and YET.
a) My sister has already arrived home. _HAS MY SISTER ARRIVED HOME
YET? _.
b) Our neighbours have already cut the old tree __HAVE OUR
NEIGHBOURS CUT THE OLD TREE YET? _.
c) Alex has already finished his dinner. __HAS ALEX FINISHED HIS DINNER
YET?
d) My parents have already decided to buy a new car. _HAVE MY
PARENTS DECIDED TO BUY A NEW CAR YET?_.
4 Change the following sentences into the positive. Pay
attention to ALREADY and YET! Use the short forms of verbs
(haven't/hasn't)
f) I haven`t bought all my Christmas presents yet. _I HAVE ALREADY
BOUGHT ALL MY CHRISTMAS PRESENTS__.
g) We haven`t washed the dishes yet. _WE HAVE ALREADY WASHED THE
DISHES_.
h) My cousin hasn`t travelled to New York yet. __MY COUSIN HAS
ALREADY TRAVELED TO NEW YORK_.
i) Jane and Sara haven`t seen that film yet. __JANE AND SARA HAVE
ALREADY SEEN THAT FILM __.
j) She hasn`t sent all the postcards yet. __SHE HAS ALREADY SENT ALL
THE POSTCARDS _.
5 Complete the sentences.
a) The baker _HAS ALREADY BAKED__ (already/bake) a lot of cakes,
butter rolls and bread. In fact, he __HAS JUST MADE_ (just/make) a
delicious apple pie.
b) My car broke down yesterday and I took it to the garage. I_HAVE JUST
BEEN_ (just/be) there, but they _HAVENT REPAIRED_ (not/repair) it _YET_.
c) The taylor___HASNT FINISHED __ (not/finish) the suit__YET___.
d) The pirates _HAVE ALREADY FOUND____ (already/find) the treasure
map, but they __HAVENT FOUND __ (not/find) the treasure___YET___.
6 Fill in all the gaps with the correct sentence. Remember to
include the adverbs in it.
1. he / meet / his friend. (just)_HE HAS JUST MET HIS FRIEND___
2. you / not drink / your glass of Coke. (yet)___YOU HAVENT DRUNK YOUR
GLASS OF COKE YET____
3. I / make / my bed. (already)___I HAVE ALREADY MADE MY BED__
4. We / not arrive. (yet) We / leave / the motorway. (just)__WE HAVENT
ARRIVED YET__
__WE HAVE JUST LEFT THE MOTORWAY ___
5. The director / talk / to him. (already)__THE DIRECTOS HAS ALREADY
TALKED TO HIM_

6. I / write / the e-mail you asked me. (just)_I HAVE JUST WRITTEN THE EMAIL YOU ASKED ME ___
7. She / not buy / the flat. (yet) But she wants to buy it soon
_SHE HASNT BOUGHT THE FLAT YET BUT SHE WANTS TO BUY IT
SOON____
8. He / be / really lucky. (just) He / win / the lottery. (just) __HE HAS JUS
BEEN REALLY LUCKY. HE HAS JUST WON THE LOTTERY

9. We / hear / the news. (already) It's horrible__WE HAVE ALREADY

HEARD THE NEWS. ITS HORRIBLE__
10. Paul / not pay / for the dinner. (yet)___PAUL HASNT PAID FOR THE
DINNER YET____