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ABSTRACT
The performance characteristics of a six-step
inverter controlled three-phase induction motor is
presented in this paper. Fourier-based analysis is
used to determine the effect of the non-sinusoidal
voltage supply on the motor currents made-up of
the fundamental and the harmonic components. It
is realized that the total magnetizing current is a
good approximation to the fundamental
component of the current thus making the
induction motor respond negligibly to harmonics
higher than the fundamental. Because of the halfwave symmetry, only the effect of the odd
harmonics is investigated. The analysis is carriedout using MATLAB as the programming tool.
(Keywords: induction motor, harmonics six step
inverter, MATLAB)
INTRODUCTION
The induction machine is the most widely used
type of machine in industry because of its
robustness, reliability, low cost, high efficiency
and good self-starting capability [1, 2, 3, 4]. Its
low sensitivity to disturbances during operation
make the squirrel cage motor the first choice
when selecting a motor for a particular application
[5]. In spite of this popularity, the induction motor
has two inherent limitations: (1) the standard
motor is not a true constant-speed machine, its
full-load slip varies from less than 1% (in highhorse power motors) to more than 5% (in
fractional-horsepower motors) and (2) it is not,
inherently, capable of providing variable speed
operations [6, 7].
These limitations can be solved through the use
of adjustable speed controllers [8, 9]. The basic
control action involved in adjustable speed control
of induction motors is to apply a variable
The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
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are more
75
Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
Figure 3: Six Inverter Voltage Vectors for SixStep Voltage Source Inverter.
The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
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The switch pairs (S1, S4), (S3, S6), and (S5, S2)
form three legs of the inverter. The switches in
the same leg conduct alternately. Some time
must elapse before the turn-off of one switch and
turn on of another to ensure that both do not
conduct simultaneously. Their simultaneous
operation will cause a short circuit of the dc
source resulting in a very fast rise in current. This
fault, known as short-through fault can only be
cleared by fast-acting fuse links. The figure
below shows the line to line voltages and the line
to neutral voltages resulting from the switching
sequence described above.
(1a)
(1b)
(1c)
Phase Voltages:
2
1
1
Van = VaN VbN VcN
3
3
3
(2a)
1
2
1
Vbn = VaN + VbN VcN
3
3
3
(2b)
1
2
1
Vcn = VaN VbN + VcN
3
3
3
(2c)
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
ian
rs
Van
Vab =
Vdc[sin(t + ) + sin(5t + ) +
6 5
6
1
+ sin(7t + )...]
7
6
jnxlr'
jnxls A
iman
jnx
m
rr'
s
2 3
B
(3)
1
1
Van = Vdc[sint + sin 5t + sin 7t...] (4)
5
7
Where Vbc and Vca lag Vab by 120 and 240
respectively. Vbn and Vcn also lag Van by the same
phase angles, respectively.
The harmonic content of line and phase voltages
is the same. The different waveforms are due to a
different phase relationship between the
harmonics and the fundamental. Only odd
harmonics of the order K=6n1 are present,
Where n is an integer. The triplen (multiples of 3)
harmonics are absent, hence there is no
circulating current in a delta-connected stator
winding [10, 13].
The drawbacks of the six step inverter described
above are eliminated if the inverter control is by
Sinusoidal Pulsewidth Modulation SPWM.
Increase of switching losses due to high PWM
frequency is the major drawback of this PWM
method. This method and the other PWM
techniques, namely: Pulsewidth Modulation with
Uniform Sampling, Pulsewidth Modulation with
Selective Harmonic Elimination, and Pulsewidth
Modulation with Minimum Loss in Motor are
exhaustively discussed in [10].
Z in =
(5)
(r + jnxlr' )( jnxm )
Z in =
(r + jnxlr' + jnx m )
Z in =
jrnx m n 2 xlr' x m
r + j (nxlr' + nx m )
(6)
(7)
Z in =
jrnx m n 2 xlr' x m
r + jnx
Zin =
(8)
(9)
rn2 xm (x xlr' )
nxm (r 2 + n2 xxlr' )
(10)
+
j
r 2 + n2 x 2
r 2 + n2 x 2
rn 2 x m2
nxm (r 2 + n 2 xxlr' )
Z in = 2
+j
r + n2 x2
r 2 + n2 x2
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(11)
77
Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
Z T = Z s + Z in
ian =
2Vd
sin(nt )
nZ n
(20)
r + jnxlr'
r + jnx
(21)
(12)
iman = ian
Where,
Z s = rs + jnxls
(13)
n = 6 p + 1 present positive
sequence supply while n = 6 p 1 presents
Generally, n = 1 and
Therefore,
rn xm (x x )
2
Zin = rs + jnxls +
'
lr
r +n x
2
2 2
nxm (r + n xx )
2
+j
'
lr
r 2 + n2 x 2
(14)
Now
let
where, rn
Z T = rn + jx n
rn 2 x m2
r 2 + n2 x2
(15)
nx m (r 2 + n 2 xxlr' )
r 2 + n2 x2
(16)
= rs +
sn =
s n is given by:
n s
Z n = (rn2 + x n2 )
= tan 1 (
xn
)
rn
sn =
(17)
s=
(n 1) s + s
n s
p
m
2
p
m
2
(19a)
Vbn =
2Vd
2
sin n(t
)
3
n = 6 p 1 n
(19b)
Vcn =
2Vd
4
sin n(t
)
3
n = 6 p 1 n
(23)
(24)
2Vd
sin nt
n = 6 p 1 n
Van =
(22)
(18)
p
m
2
n s
and
x n = nxls +
m ,
sn =
n 1+ s
n
s n , as
(25)
Where,
(19c)
p
p
ns m ns + m
2
2
=
sn =
ns
ns
p = 1,2,3,4...
sn =
(n + 1) s s +
n s
p
m
2
(26)
(27)
s n , as,
78
sn =
n +1 s
n
(28)
ian
+
rs
2Vd
Van =
n
jnxls A
jnxlr'
iman
jnx
m
rr'
sn
Van Against t .
ian Against t .
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
t .
iman
REFERENCES
1. Leonhard, W. 1995. Controlled AC Drives, A
Successful Transfer from Ideas to Industrial
Practice. CETTI 95. Brazil. 1-12.
2. Richard, M.C. 1995. Electric Drives and their
Control. Oxford University Press Inc. New
York, NY.
3. Okoro, O.I. 2005. Steady and Transient
States Thermal Analysis of a 7.5KW Squirrelcage Induction Machine at Rated-Load
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)
Lecturer/Research
Student.
His
research
interests are in Adjustable Speed Drives of
Electrical Machines: (DC and AC Electric
Machine Torque/Speed Control with Converters
and Inverters) and Power Electronics.
SUGGESTED CITATION
Ogbuka, C.U. 2009. Performance Characteristics
of Inverter Controlled Three Phase Induction
Motor: Teaching and Research. Pacific Journal
of Science and Technology. 10(1):75-81.
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Volume 10. Number 1. May 2009 (Spring)