Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PT-103:QUANTUM MECHANICS - I
Unit-I: Why QM Revisio n; inadequacy of classical mechanics; Schrodinger
equat ion; cont inuit y equat io n; Ehrenfest theorem; Admissible wave funct ions;
Statio nary states, One dimensio nal problems, wells and barriers; Harmo nic
oscillators by Schrodinger Equat ion
Unit-II: Uncertaint y relat ion o f x and p, States with minimum uncertaint y
product; General Formalism o f wave mechanics; Co mmutation Relat io ns;
Representation of states and dynamical variables; Co mpleteness of eigen funct ions
; Dirac delta funct ion ;Bra and ket Notation; Matrix representation of an operator ;
Unit ary transformat ion. So lut ion of Harmonic oscillator by operator method.
Unit-III: Angular momentum in QM; Central force problems: So lut ion o f
Schrodinger equat ion for spherically symmetric potent ials; Hydrogen atom .
Unit-IV: Time independent perturbation theory; Non-degenerate and degenerate
cases; Applicat ions such as Stark effect etc.
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reference books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PT-105 Laboratory
1. Measurement of wavelength of He-Ne LASER ( Grating)
2. Febry Perot Interferometer (demagnification factor)
3. To determine the Planck Constant and work function
4. Determination of speed of Ultrasonic wave in water
5. Photoconductivity ( Photocurrent as a function of irradiance at constant voltage)
6. Design of regulated Power Supply
7. Study of Solar Cell characteristics
8. Study of the static drain characteristics of MOSFET
9. Verification of De Morgans Theorem
10. IC-741 (Op-Amp)
Second Semester
PT-201: Quantum Mechanics-II
Unit-I: Approximation methods, higher order time independent perturbation, Variational
method, WKB approximation, turning points, applications.
Unit-II: Time dependent perturbation theory, harmonic perturbation, Fermis golden rule,
Adiabatic and sudden approximation. Semi-classical theory of radiation, transition probability
for absorption and induced emission, electric dipole and forbidden transitions, selection rules.
Unit-III: Collision in 3-D and scattering, laboratory and CM reference frames, scattering
amplitude, differential scattering cross section and total scattering cross section, scattering by
spherically symmetric potential, partial waves and phase shifts, scattering by perfectly rigid
sphere and by square well potential
Unit-IV: Identical particles, symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions, collision of
identical particles, spin angular momentum, spin function for a many electron system.
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics:
Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations; Properties of Dirac
matrices. Plane wave solutions of Dirace quation; Spin and magnetic moment of the electron.
Nonrelativistic reduction of the Dirac equation. Spin-orbit coupling. Energy levels in a Coulomb
field.
Text and Reference Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Statist ical
Statist ical
Statist ical
Statist ical
Statist ical
PT-205 Laboratory
1. Microwave
2. FT-IR
3. VU-VIS
4. Zeeman
5. To study the Kerr effect and to obtain the Kerr constant.
6. Faraday effect
7. To study the variat ion o f resist ivit y and determine the energy gap of a
semiconductor using Four Probe method
8. Refract ive index measurement
9. Constant deviat ion spectrometer
10. To determine the wavelengths of Hydrogen spectrum and determine the value of
Rydbergs constant.
Third Semester
PT-301 Computer Programming and Numerical Analysis
UnitI: Basic co mputer programming, Flow chart, FORTRAN programming
preliminaries, FORTRAN constants & variables
UnitII: Arithmetic expression, I/O statements, control statements (Do, if, while loop), format
specification, logical expression, Function/subroutines, File processing, Examples
Unit-III: Methods for determinat ion of Zeroes of linear and nonlinear algebraic
equat ions and transcendental equat io ns ,convergence of solut ions.
Solut ion of simult aneous linear equat ions, Gaussian eliminat io n, pivot ing, iterat ive
Method, Matrix inversion.
Unit-IV: Eigen values and eigenvectors of matrices ,power and Jacobi method
Finite Differences ,interpolat ion wit h equally spaced and unevenly spaced po int,
Curve fitt ing Polyno mial least squares, Numerical so lut ion o f ordinary different ial
equat ion, Euler & Runga-Kutta method, Numerical integrat ion, Trapezo idal rule,
Simpsons method.
Text and Reference Books
1. Sastry : Introductor y methods of Numer ical Analysis
2. Rajaraman : Numer ical Analysis and Fortran Programming
Unit-I: Crystalline solids: Unit cells, symmetry elements, 2-D and 3-D Bravais
lattices, Crystal structures-sc; bcc; fcc; hcp, Miller Indices, Interplanar spacing,
Atomic packing in 2-D and 3-D, Closed packed structures, Elast ic constants and
elast ic waves in cubic crystals.
Unit-II: Interact ion of X-ray wit h matter, Absorption of x-ray, Diffract ion of Xrays by latt ice, the Laue equat ion, Bragg's law, Ewald construction, Reciprocal
lattice and it s applicat ions to diffract io n techniques, Brillouin zo nes. The Laue
powder and rotating crystal met hods, crystal structure factor.
Unit-III: Electrons in a periodic lattice: Bloch theorem, band theory, classificat ion
of so lids,effect ive mass. Tight-binding approximat io n, cellular, APW, OPW and
pseudopotential methods. Fermi surface, De Hass van alfen effect, cyclotron
resonance. Superconduct ivit y: crit ical temperature, persistent current, Meissner
effect, energy gap, coherence length, London equat ion.
Unit-IV: Classical Langevin's theory of diamagnet ism, paramagnet ism, and
ferromagnet ism. Weiss theory of paramagnet ism. Ant iferromagnet ism, neel
temperature. Point defects, line defects and planer (stacking) fault s. Colour centers,
the role of dislocat ions in crystal growth. The observat ion o f imperfect ions in
crystals, X-ray and electron microscopic techniques.
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
UNIT I
Static properties of Nuclei: Nuclear size determination from electron scattering, nuclear charge
distribution. Angular momentum, spin and moments of nuclei. Binding energy, semi-empirical
mass formula, Liquid drop model, fission and fusion (4 Lectures)
Two Nucleon Systems & Nuclear Forces: Dipole and quadrupole moments of the deuteron,
Central and tensor forces, Evidence for saturation property, Neutron-proton scattering, Protonproton scattering, S-wave effective range theory. charge independence and charge symmetry ,
exchange character, spin dependence. Isospin formalism. General form of the nucleon-nucleon
force. Yukawa interaction (8 Lectures)
UNIT II
Nuclear Decays: Alpha decay: Geiger-Nuttall law, Electromagnetic decays: selection
rules,Fermi theory of beta decay. Kurie plot. Fermi and Gamow-Teller transitions. parity
violation in beta-decay. (4 lectures)
Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model, Co llect ive model of Bohr and Mottelson,
rotational spectra, nuclear shapes. Experimental evidence for shell effects, shell
model, spin Orbit coupling, Magic numbers, angular momenta and parit ies o f
nuclear ground states, Qualitat ive discussio n and est imates of transit ion rates,
Magnet ic moments and Schmidt lines, (8 Lectures)
UNIT III
Introduction to Nuclear Reactions. Direct and compound nuclear reaction mechanism-cross
sections in terms of partial wave amplitudes -compound nucleus -scattering matrix-Reciprocity
theorem. Breit-Wigner one Level formula-Resonance scattering. (8 Lectures)
UNIT IV
Elementary Particles (quarks, baryons, mesons, leptons). Classification: spin and parity
assignments; isospin, strangeness. Elementary ideas of SU(2) & SU(3). Gell-Mann-Nishijima
scheme. C, P and T invariance and application of symmetry arguments to particle reaction.
Properties of quarks and their classification. Introduction to the standard model, Electroweak
interaction-W & Z Bosons. Parity non-conservation in weak interactions, Relativistic kinematics.
(12 Lectures)
Text and Reference Books
1. Nuclear Physics by S.N. Ghoshal, S. Chand & Company Ltd,2004
2.
3. Nuclear Physics - Theory & Experiments by R.R. Roy & B.P.Nigarn (New Age lnternational,
2005)
4. Nuclear & Particle Physics: An Introduction by B. Martin (Willey,2006)
PT-305 Laboratory
1. To determine the phase diagram of Ba-Sn Alloy using Cooling curve.
2. To study B-H Curve of a given material and determine the relative permeability.
3. To measure the variation of dielectric constant with temperature and verification of
Curie Wiess law.
4. Indexing of a given XRD pattern and determination of lattice parameter and crystal
structure.
5. To determine the dependence of Hall coefficient on temperature and nature of
majority charge carriers
6.
field.
Fourth Semester
PT-401 Laser Physics and Spectroscopy
UNIT-I:
Basic Principles of Laser, Two level, Three and Four level laser system, Rate equations for three
and four level system, threshold pump power, Relative merits and de-merits of three and four
level system, Gas and dye lasers, Application of Laser in Material Processing.
UNIT-II :
Optical resonators, Stability of resonators, Characteristics of Gaussian beam, Transverse and
longitudinal modes, mode selection, losses in a resonator, mirror mounts, optical coating etc., Qswitching and Mode locking. Non-linear polarization of lasers and some applications: Second
harmonic generation using non-linear optical methods.
UNIT-III :
Concepts of spectroscopy, Process of Absorption, Emission and Scattering, Dispersing devices
and detectors: Dispersion and resolution of a prism and a grating spectrometer, Single and
double monochromators, Photomultiplier tube, Charge coupled detectors (CCD).
UNIT-IV :
UV-visible molecular absorption spectroscopy, Molecular luminescence spectroscopy
(fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence), Infrared Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
and typical applications of infrared spectroscopy (qualitative and quantitative), Raman
Spectroscopy: Instrumentation, Applications of Raman spectroscopy.
Reference Books :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.