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Discharge Regulation of Centrifugal Pumps

Adapting pump capacities to process demand
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It is often necessary to adapt the pump capacity to a temporary or permanent change in the process demand.
The capacity of a centrifugal pump can be regulated either at
constant speed, or
varying speed

Capacity Regulating by Varying Speed

Speed regulating is energy efficient since the energy to the pump is reduced with the decrease of speed.
The speed of the pump can be varied with
hydraulic/hydrostatic drives - hydraulic coupling between input and output shaft - speed ratio 5 to 1 is controlled by adjusting the volume of
oil in the coupling
mechanical drives - belt and sheave drive
eddy current drive/clutch - magnetic coupling transfer load torque between input and output shaft
variable speed drives - inverters - AC drives - adjustable frequency drives - operates by varying the frequency and voltage to the electric
motor
The change in power consumption, head and volume rate can be estimated with the affinity laws.

Capacity Regulating by Constant Speed

Capacity can be regulated at constant speed by
throttling
bypassing flow
changing impeller diameter
modifying the impeller
Throttling
Throttling can be carried out by opening and closing a discharge valve.

Throttling is energy inefficient since the energy to the pump is not reduced. Energy is wasted by increasing the dynamic loss.
Bypassing Flow
The discharge capacity can be regulated by leading a part of the discharge flow back to the suction side of the pump. Bypassing the flow is energy
inefficient since the energy to the pump is not reduced.
Changing the Impeller Diameter
Reducing the impellers diameter is a permanent change and the method can be used where the change in process demand is not temporary. The
method may be energy efficient if the motor is changed and the energy consumption reduced.
The change in power consumption, head and volume rate can be estimated with the affinity laws.
Modifying the Impeller
The flow rate and the head can be modulated by changing the pitch of the blades. Complicated and seldom used.

Pump Regulation and Power Consumption

Power consumption of some of the regulating methods are compared in the figure below:

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Related Topics
Water Systems - Hot and cold water systems - design properties, capacities, sizing and more
Pumps - Piping systems and pumps - centrifugal pumps, displacement pumps - cavitation, viscosity, head and pressure, power
consumption and more

Related Documents
Converting Pump Head to Pressure and Vice Versa - Converting head (ft or m) to pressure (psi or bar, kg/cm 2) and vice versa
Volume Flow and Temperature Rise in Pumps - Calculate temperature rise in pumps
Specific Speed - Pumps - Specific speed may be determined independent of the pump size

Centrifugal Pumps - An introduction to Centrifugal Pumps

Pump Affinity Laws - Turbo machines affinity laws are used to calculate volume capacity, head or power consumption in centrifugal
pumps when changing speed - rpm - or wheel diameters
Best Efficiency Point - BEP - Maximum designed pump efficiency

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en: pumps discharge flow capacity regulation

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