Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce id nulla dolor, sit amet sollicitudin nisi.

Fusce sed massa justo. Aenean varius cursus dolor,

at convallis lacus facilisis eu. Donec a nisi nisl. Proin
sem eros, scelerisque sit amet pellentesque ut,
blandit eu est. Sed eu nulla dictum ligula cursus auctor. Suspendisse rutrum tincidunt dictum. Morbi nisi
justo, mollis a interdum ut, tempus eget metus. Nulla
venenatis, ante eu vulputate aliquet, sapien metus
ornare odio, eu ullamcorper lacus justo eu felis. Aenean ut turpis ligula, gravida varius eros. Morbi imperdiet sodales lacus. In sit amet volutpat ligula. Nulla
vestibulum volutpat lectus sit amet elementum. Nulla
facilisi. Nunc consequat quam semper augue pharetra malesuada sed a odio.

BALI AT A GLANCE
Being in the middle of the Archipelago area
having more than 13,000 big and small islands with about three million population
who are mostly Hinduism followers has
contributed to the uniqueness of the culture of the Archipelago.
The nature of Bali with its tropical climate
really offers a very beautiful view and it also
becomes an inspiration for Balinese people
in processing their cultivation. Even though
the natural conditions in the other parts
of the Archipelago are not much different
from Bali, but the combination of nature,
tradition, and the behavior of its people has
brought Bali to be very typical. The typical
face of Bali then gets a place in the eyes of
the agents and the observers of tourism as
well as foreign tourists. Since there was a
contact with the outside parts and the foreign countries especially during the Dutch
colony, Bali has become a discussion for
the devotees of the Eastern cultures.
Entering the era of 1960s, when Bali Beach
Hotel was operated, Bali developed better
to become the main tourism destination in

Indonesia and even in Asia. The economic

condition in Bali developed increasingly to
a better one. Along with the development,
religious and cultural lives also glowed so
that Balinese culture and tourism got more
preferred by tourists.
The historical records show that Bali becomes sedimentation and last destination
of the history as well as the great period of
Majapahit culture. The combination of Balinese local wisdom and the Javanese culture of the Majapahit era having the nuance
of Hinduism could bear a unique Balinese
Hinduism culture. Being in the middle of
the rows of the islands from the east to the
west of the Archipelago, with its unique
culture, Bali is then often called Nusa ning
Nusa or an island among the thousands
of islands. The charisma of Bali now does
not merely become a destination of investment, but it remains to outpour the power
of spiritual enlightenment.

GEOGRAPHY
Bali that is almost unseen on the world
map is just a very small island. It consists
of the biggest island, the Island of Bali
and some smaller ones around it such as
Menjangan Island in Bulelelng Regency,
Serangan Island in Denpasar Regency,
Nusa Penida and Nusa Ceningan in

Klungkung Regency. With the width of

5,632 square kilometers and the length of
529 kilometers, Bali Island is inhabited by
three million populations consisting of native and urban people with density of 517
persons per square kilometer in eight regencies and one city. The largest regency
is Buleleng in the North of Bali which has
1,365,88 square kilometers or 24,55% of
Bali Island. Geographically, Bali is located
between 80340-85048 South longitude and 1142553-1154240 East
longitude. Bali Strait borders Bali and Java
Island in the west and Lombok Straits borders Bali with Lombok Island in the East.
Meanwhile, Indian Ocean borders Bali in
the South and Java Sea in the North.
The nature of Bali becomes unique because it seems as if it were divided in two
the northern and the southern parts by the
mountains ranging from the west to the
east. Two of the mountains are volcanic,
they are Batur Mountain (1,717 meters)
and Agung Mountain (3,140 meters).

The higher land of Bali has four lakes, they

are Batur Lake (1,607 hectares), Beratan
Lake (375,60 hectares), Buyan Lake (336
hectares), and Tamblingan Lake (110
hectares). Besides from the ground, the
four lakes become the sources of water
for watering ricefileds and fulfilling the
daily needs of the people in Bali through
more than 200 rivers flowing to the sea.
The rivers having the source from the four
lakes are such as Unda, Ayung, Petanu,
and other big rivers which mostly flow to
the South of Bali. As the other regions in
Indonesia, Bali has tropical climate that
is influenced by the breeze of the two

FLORA
AND FAUNA

seasons rotating every six months; the dry

season is from April to October and the
rainy season is from October to April. The
amount of the rainfall in Bali is between
1,250 millimeters to 3,000 millimeters per
year. The monthly temperature is between
22 celcius to 28,7 celcius and the wind
blows between 34 kilometers per hour to
14 kilometers per hour.

The tropical climate of Bali with its two seasons rotating every year and the mountains
ranging in the middle of Bali Island from the
west to the east ends make Bali quite fertile
island. Various kinds of tropical plantation
can grow well both in the cold mountain
area and in the hot beach area. The temperature varying between 22 celcius to
28,7 celcius with humidity of 60% in the
dry season and 100% in the rainy season
may influence to the fertility level of various
tropical plantations which grow in Bali.

The daily routines of the Hinduism people in

Bali which are always colored with various
ceremonies cause a very high need for using the parts of plantations. Various kinds
of fruits such as snake fruit and orange, besides being very popular used for offerings,
they also become very famous fruits in the
Archipelago.
Besides the beach areas around Bali,
Jembrana Regency in the west of Bali is
the biggest coconut supplier in Bali. Meanwhile, fruits and flowers are supplied from
the mountain areas such as Bedugul, Bangli, North Badung. The trees growing in
parts of Bali Island are most used as building materials. The trees of jackfruit and
kwanitan are commonly used for Balinese
building constructions. Bali, which is thick
of the ritual performances, besides using

plantations, also uses various kinds of animals for complting the rituals. Chicken, pig,
and duck are the kinds of the animals that
are mostly used in the rituals. The usage of
other kinds of animals especially the ones
have slow growth, is mostly needed in big
ceremonies called tawur bhuta yadnya that
is performed every five years. Tiger, for example, is only used in the ceremony called
Eka Dasa Rudra performed every one hundred years.
In term of animal, Bali has a famous bird
called Jalak Putih which is very rare and
its populations are very low and tend to
decrease. Besides its habitat in West Bali
National Park is pushed by housing development and pollution, stealing and smuggling actions also become the reasons of
the decrease of Balinese jalak bird.

POPULATION
AND PEOPLE
Based on the Census 2000, the population of Bali is 3,146,999 populating eight
regencies and one municipality. Four previous censuses recorded the population of
Bali, such as in 1995 Bali had 2,904,828
people, in 1971 it decreased to 2,120,000
people, the census in 1980 recorded that
the population of Bali was 2,469,930, and
1990 increased to 2,777,356 people.
The differences of features and potencies
in the regencies/municipality make the
population in Bali does not spread evenly in
the regencies/municipality. The Regency of
Buleleng and Denpasar Municipality are the
ones having biggest population; 17,74% in
Buleleng and 13,92% in Denpasar.
In term of the population density, Denpasar
is in the first position with population density of 1,068 people per square kilometers
or population of 532,440 populating an
area of 123.98 square kilometers. The regency in second position is Gianyar having population density of 1,068 people per
square kilometers and the regency with the
lowest population density is Jembrana having 217,199 people populating and area of
841,80 square kilometers or 275 people
per square kilometers.
As a community, the humans of Bali are
tied to the social and cultural elements that
the Balinese people call It as a tie of Tri Hita
Karana, as obligations to conduct spiritual
life (parahyangan as atma (soul), to maintain areas for living and land (palemahan) as
angga (body), and to do life in the society
(pawongan) as khaya (power).

The human, the society, and the culture of

Bali, in their present developments, were
actually colored by the history of the culture
and the behavior of the society in the ancient era of Bali, the era of Bali Majapahit,
and modern Bali. The comprehension of
life consisting of atma, angga, and khaya,
quoted from Hinduism religion, makes the
Balinese people life unique and flexible in
viewing changes. The cultural and the behavioural developments of Balinese people
from the Balinese ancient period to modern
Bali conducted flexibly have also brought
economic, scientific, and technological developments which are always combined
with local cultures. Balinese culture seems
to have development continuously by
showing the features of the local cultures.
After performing social activities in various
new groups of professional ties, till today
Balinese people are still tied with the traditional structures of the local cultures.
Traditional groups, clan groups, and other
social groups are the real forms of the Balinese peoples participation in traditional,
religious, and cultural activities.

various instruments used as the means for

supporting the lives of the Balinese people
at that time.

BALI FROM
TIME TO TIME
Bali, with its unique people and culture, is
believed that it is not a new developing migration area. The daily routines of the Balinese people which always present the present the features of the local culture show
that Bali has covered a very long history.
Various archeological findings in different
parts of Bali prove that the long history of
Bali Island have together with the histories
of the other region and the other countries.
As the other regions of Archipelago, the
early period of the social lives in Bali can
be categorized as the periods of the social lives in Bali can be categorized as the
period of Pre History. There were not any
records found denoting the structures
of the social lives in the period. The ones
becomes references are the findings of

From the pre-history findings, the pre-history period in Bali, as found mostly in other
regions, includes three parts of cultural
levels. The first part is a living period that
depended on hunting culture. With simple
instruments made of stones found at Sembiran area, North Bali and at Batur area, the
Balinese people were assumed to be able
to survive. Some kind of better instrument
made of bone was also found in Selonding Cave at Bukit area, South Badung. This
proves that the hunting period covered
quite long period followed with an improvement of better mindset.
The pre-history findings can also reflect that
Balinese people began to leave the hunting
period to begin the planting period. Even
though they had begun the better structure
of their lives in the planting period lived by
moving from one place to place. Archeological remains in the form of bronze kettledrum and various goods made of metal
in Pejeng area, Gianyar prove that a society
with better structure was already established in that period.
Together with the transition from the pre
history to hidtory periods, the influence
of Hinduism religion from India coming to

Indonesia is assumed to give strong influence to the cultural development in Bali.

This transition period commonly called as
the Ancient Bali Period between the 8th
and the 13th century, clearly experienced
a change again because of the influence of
Majapahit that intended to unify the Archipelago based on their oath called Sumpah
Palapa Gajah Mada in the beginning of
the 13th century. Governmental and social
structures had adaptions following the governmental model of Majapahit Kingdowm.
Conflicts between the local culture of the
Ancient Balinese and the Javanese Hindu
culture from Majapahit in the form of the
Balinese peoples refusal caused oppositions in different parts of Bali. Gradually
and firmly, with the effort of adaptation and
mixture of the two parties, Bali succeeded
in finding a cultural model that is in accordance to the peoples mindset and the natural condition in Bali.
The adaptation model which seemed then
to form the Balinese society and culture
that are now inherited becomes unique and
typical, absorbing the Hinduism elements
from Javanese Majapahit but it is thick of
the local colors. The development model
of Balinese culture in the following periods,
the colonial and the independence periods,
naturally followed the same direction, that
is to accept outer influence melting into the
colors of the local culture.

ART AND
CULTURE OF BALI
The culture of Balinese people does not
move away from their interaction to their
environment. The mindsets of the Balinese
people in fulfilling the matters of the inner self until the outer world are the pictures from a combination of human logical
reasoning and the potency of the nature
around them. In this small island, human
behaviour has its own characteristic in doing their daily activities. The manners of
speaking, language, dialects, and attitude
in communication very clearly show their
original regions. The behaviour in performing religious and art activities also appear
local colors representing each of the regions in Bali.
Desa-Kala-Patra, place, time, and situation, are the three elements as the formation of various kinds of Balinese humans
behaviors in doing their daily routines. Even
though the cultural package of the Balinese
humans seem to have typical characteristics of their regions, but they aim to one direction that is the offering. In the Balinese
literatures they also find the idea of accepting the differences having one purpose,
bhinneka tungal ika, the truth is the only
one. For Balinese people, an honest sacrifice is a form of truth or dharma and there
Hinduism religion gives the way for its followers to build Karma.

DAILY ROUTINES OF
BALINESE HUMANS
The Balinese people, especially the Hinduism followers, are unique. It seems as if it
were a common view that a Balinese girl
dances beautifully and in a supple way at
a community hall or at a temple, and even
at a hotel, in fact the afternoon before she
worked to paint the wall of a building or
got sweatful as a merchant at a market.
Such behaviour seems to be like a figure
having two personalities but Balinese humans actually tend to see it as a character
in carrying out their daily routines as an effort in building karma. The morals of good
conduct in accordance with swadharma
or behaviour in accordance with status
are held strongly by most Balinese people
in performing karma. Therefore, it may be
very possible that a female merchant, who
does not have any significant in the crowd
of a market, at a moment later, will become
a focus as Rejang dancer at temple ceremony.

If it is observed more deeply, it is very possible that such behaviour can happen because of Balinese Hinduism social structures. Not only the model of social levels of
the Majapahit inheritage is followed completely, but the local traditions also give
colors to the structuring Balinese society.
It is the reason why social structures are
found different from one to the other villages but they have the same commitment
in one structure model of Desa Adat, the
traditional village.

work is encouraged by the intention to present a good work, apart from ego of copy
right and its selling value.

ART, FROM
DEDICATION
TO PERFORMANCE
Art and cultural experts often say that Balinese art and culture tend to be created to
be a dedication to the Creator and colored
by a high dedication feeling to the art itself.
It can be understood if a traditional art work
can reflect a taksu or enpour an attracting
power because creating process of the

Balinese art and cultural works used to appear as an obligation performed by certain
professional group in an effort to present
a perfect dedication to the God through
religious activity. Dance and karawitan, the
gamelans are created to state a happiness
feeling to welcome the Gods going down
to a temple ceremony. Art expressed into
paintings and carvings always present in
various equipment of offering used as media to do spiritual communication. Meanwhile religious songs are presented as an
expression of worships for the prosperity
blessed by the Gods.
Besides as art practitioners, Balinese humans are also art devotees who are strongly adhering to their art. In an opera art,
various acts supporting the art creation are

packaged for filling peoples mindsets. The

leaders in the past were also consistent to
see art activities as an effective media for
sending messages to their people. It cannot be denied that literary arts developed
fast and gave clear direction to the other art
forms. Then there is a clear split between a
sacred art and performance.
When contacts with foreign countries in
Bali entered tourism era in the middle of
1960s, various tourism facilities were gradually presented for presented for entertaining tourists. Then Balinese art and culture
were developed and redesigned for the
sake of tourism so that art and culture can
go together intimately with tourism sector.

DANCES
Ceremonial dance or the Tari Bebali is a
kind of Balinese dance that is performed at
a temple ceremony and this dance is usually performed with a story related to the
ceremony being held. Topeng Pajegan,
Topeng Panca, Drama Tari gambuh, and
Wayang, for examples, are kinds of ceremonial dance frequently performed to
accompany a temple ceremony. The ceremonial dance is usually performed at the
inner yard existing between the outer and
the main yards of a temple.

Dances in Bali are closely related with religious processions and it is even believed
that the age of the dances is as old as the
determination of the structures of Hindu
religion. The God of Ciwa believed by the
Hinduism followers as the God of Dances
with His title of Ciwa Nataraja in a dancing
act translated as a movement of power to
fill the space when He created the Nature.
The dances mastered by dancers used to
be sacred ones as inseparable part from
a procession and were only performed at
a temple ceremony. Then some kind of
dance appeared to complete religious ceremony and even it was developed further
to be a social communication media as well
as an entertainment.
Seen from the function, both dances and
gamelan music can be categorized into
three groups as the following:

CEREMONIAL DANCES

RELIGIOUS DANCE
Religious dance or the tari wali is a dance
including the music gamelan are performed
at a ceremony at a temple. This dance is
commonly performed in the inner yard or
the jeroan of temple. The dance equipment
such as clothes, mask or barong are sacred and kept in the temple by the penyungsung, then members of the temple
and certain rituals are presented when they
take, dance, and keep them back. It can be
a situation in which the sacred dances do
not oblige a holy place and equipment, but
they require the dancers are the children
and the ones in menopause ages. There
are still many religious dances that can be
found in the villages and the temples in Bali
having requirements and processions that
are still followed and performed properly till
now.

PERFORMANCE DANCE
Performance dance of the tari balih-balihan
is a development from the religious and the
ceremonial dances that is dedicated as an
entertainment with a story, creation, and
a gamelan which are more creative. This
dance often uses a story that is popular
for people and it can be used to invite the
audiences emotion into the performance
so that the audience is as important as
the dancers and the musicians. Topeng
(Bondres), Drama Gong, Arja, and Sendratari are few parts of so many performance
dances. This kind of dance used to be performed at night at a ceremony at the outeryard of a temple in order to give entertainment and amusement to people but in the
later development it is not performed in the
relation to a religious ceremony.

SINGING/GAMELAN
MUSIC ARTS
The Dancing art actually contains an element of singing and music. Arja dance
and the other kinds of drama dances are
a combination of singing, movement, and
music.
Karawitan or gamelan music, for Balinese
people, becomes a very important part in
carrying out religious lives including cultural
activities. It is very seldom found that a Hinduism ceremony at a temple is not accompanied by the gamelan music or dances
usually called wewalen. As the dancing art,
the gamelan music also has sacred levels
which determine its function at a performance. As a creative development, karawitan or the Balinese music art varies from
singing art in the form of acapella (cak and
genjek), bamboo music, till a music with
complete instrument called Gong Kebyar
and Gong Gede.

FINE ARTS
The arts of painting and sculpture or carving are parts of fine arts which are very famous because they do not merely function
as decoration, but they are often used in
Hinduism rituals. Painting, sculpture, and
carving arts can be divided into two parts,
they are classical and modern styles. The
classical style can be seen clearly that it
has motive of puppet both in its form and
theme. The Balinese classical painting can
only be found at Kamasan village, Klungkung. The Kamasan painting style takes
form and theme of puppet by using bright
colors. The Kamasan painting style on the
ceilings of the Bale Kertagosa and Taman
Gili Klungkung are the remains of Klungkang Kingdom that show a theme taken
from Maharata story. Still based on the
puppet style, the models of sculpture and
carving arts show similar style with three dimension performance. A bit different from
classical painting, the carving art develops
quite faster because of the needs for the
carving in the other arts uch as in the mask
dance, wayang wong, and in architecture.
In the further development, modern painting style appeared after the coming of the
outer influence in the Dutch colonialization.
Not only the theme, but the scretch style
and the use of its media is more varied.
The styles of Ubud, Pengosekan, Keliki,
and Batuan are the pioneers of the modern
style. The Balinese artists of the art schools
both in Bali and outside Bali gave new
colors to the development of the fine arts.
Balinese art develops from this movement,
especially due to the frequent contacts with
tourism that caused more galleries and art
shops appeared in numbers at tourism areas.

HANDICRAFTS

Wrestling with art does not merely aim for

satisfaction in carrying out a dedication.
Definitely, fine arts and skill become an applied art that is at last needed by people
dan tourists for souvenirs.
Handwoven crafts and carvings now become daily needs of the Hinduism people in
Bali. The sokasi, dulang, bokor, and other
ritual equipment now become a field of living for some Balinese people. On the other
hand, the creation and the development of
the art works are much preferred by tourists coming to Bali. Handicrafts of gold or
silver, sculpture, and wooden carving since
long have been able to get international
markets. With Balinese art touches, various
art works and handicraft products can give
an opportunity for the economic improvement of Balinese people.

ARCHITECTURE

a ceremony. At the time, only the nobles

wore complete dress including chest covers, but seen from the kind of the fashion
at the time, it seems that there was already
a grouping of Balinese dress even though it
looks very simple.
Fashion for Hinduism people in Bali is not
merely the one worn in their bodies, but it
is also set on the buildings especially the
holy buildings at a ritual. At a performance
of a ceremony at a temple, there are levels
of ceremony of masang busana or masang
penggangge, that to set fashion and decoration at the temple buildings. Basically,
Balinese traditional fashion can be divided
into three groups as the following:

Architecture, in general, cannot be included

into the group of fine arts, even though at
last a form of beauty will be seen because
there are technical principles in it and a
space of taste that is similar with designing
face. The function of architecture for various activities and users will also bear a different form and a face so that it can be said
that architecture is a result of a process
of different motivations (art, technical and
taste) to be used to fulfill one of the five human needs (clothes, food, house-working
place-architecture, health, and education).
More specifically, Balinese traditional architecture that does not only follow the
principles of art, technical, and space of
taste, but there is a structure of tradition
and Hinduism philosophies in it. A process
of collecting wood for building material,
for example a wood from certain trees, till
becoming building elements are the steps
that must be carried out based on the values of philosophy, tradition, and religion.
A tree with certain height when cut falling down to the river, for instance, cannot
be used for building materials because it
can give bad things to the user. Such traditional architecture has many rules and
structures of the tradition and religion that
must be comprehended and understood
by Balinese traditional architect called undagi. Therefore, an undagi is basically the
main person who must be able to master
art, composition, portion, technique, taste
of space, religious philosophy, traditional
rules, and must comprehend mantras because an undagi has a right to carry out a
religious procession called ngeruak karang
when he starts his work, during the work
till the warming ceremony for the building

called pamelaspas, In carrying out his design, the undagi is assisted by some implementers who are expert in their fields, such
as stone workers, carpenters, strcture and
carving workers called sangging. In Bali
people have Balinese traditional buildings
with various styles because they have different functions, users, and regions so that
the buildings have different styles. All of the
rules and the structure of the Balinese traditional architecture are composed in an
ancient scripts such as the Asta Bhumi,
Asta Kosala-kosali, and various traditional
scripts on procedures of rituals for buildings.

TEXTILE AND FASHION

Till the period of the Dutch colonialization
in Bali, Balinese people still wore very simple fashion, and even topless or only with a
piece of cloth for covering their chests even
though they went to a temple for attending

BUSANA MADYA
Busana/Payas Madya is one level simpler
than payas agung that is worn at the performance of routine ceremonies, such as
temple ceremonies. However, the components to be worn are the same with the
payas agung and this fashion is not worn
for daily activities.

BUSANA ALIT
This kind of fashion is usually worn when
carrying out preparation works at a traditional activity. The dress being worn is the
same with the one worn every day, but
it has a cloth (wastra) at the bottom and
wearing a scarf (selempod) tied around the
waist as a sign that the person is carrying
out a traditional activity.
Various styles and performances of Balinese traditional fashion has developed
from the three kinds of the fashion that are
adapted with local conditions in terms of
clothes, philosophical value, and aesthetic
value applied in the fashion. Some of them
that are quite popular are the payas agung,
lelunakan, deeng, fashion of Tenganan Pegrinsingan, Bungaya, Asak, and other regions.

BUSANA AGUNG
Busana/Payas Agung means that complete
dress with other various make ups that are
usually worn at big ceremonies such as at
wedding ceremony, tooth filling ceremony,
and at other big ceremonies. The kinds of
motives golden cloth called songket and
golden paint called perada on cloth or on
other golden jewelries become unseparable parts.

FOOD
One typical thing from an ethnic is food.
The natural condition and crops in Bali
with tropical climate and the daily activities
of the Balinese people colored by art and
religious ceremonies have great influence
on the kind of the typical food if this island.
As a staple food, rice certainly becomes a
feature of the tropical people in Asia, especially in Indonesia, and Balinese people
also consume rice as staple food.
In relation to religious activities, quality Balinese rice (white and red rice, ketan and injin) support the creation of Balinese women
for making various kinds of Balinese typical
food/cakes (jaja Bali) for the needs of various offerings both that can be eaten and
that only become religious symbols such
as sarad, gebogan, pajegan, etc. With the

habits of Balinese people on the strong and

spicy ingredients, Balinese food often does
not suit to non-Balinese people even more
with the Balinese vegetable called lawar
that is sometimes mixed with blood and
raw or half cooked meat. But now many
restaurants and hotels adapt to Balinese
food, especially the lawar in order to be accepted by the urbants or the domestic and
foreign tourists such as it is made without
blood, replacing the use of the raw meat
with chicken and duck that have been
cooked and using soft ingredients.

BALI ART FESTIVAL

June 20, 1979, in the afternoon, the people of Denpasar and other regions of Bali
came to Puputan Square on Jalan Surapati, Denpasar. At that time a parade of the
first Bali Art Festival was held. Even though
they had been already familiar with art performances in their daily lives at temples or
at the community halls, the performance of
Bali Art Festival always attracted Balinese
peoples attention to come down from the
mountains to watch the show. Together
show from the art and cultural peaks of the
eight regencies (at that time) in the parade
of the Balinese Art Festival really opens the
Balinese peoples eyes on art and cultural resources spread till the deep sides of
Bali. The varieties of art and culture of Bali
spreading in all parts of Bali invited Prof. Ida
Bagus Mantra, who at that time became
Governor of Bali, to place them at an art
festival. Discovering and preserving the Balinese art and cultural potencies had been
promoted by Ida Bagus Mantra when he
became General Director of Culture. The
idea to place Balinese art and culture had
actually appeared when the Government of
Bali in 1974 built a cultural stage (Art Center) at Abian Kapas, Denpasar.
The building of cultural park and the performance of Bali Art Festival were welcomed.
From year to year, Bali Art festival is held at
Art Center inviting people to watch traditional and new creation arts from Balinese
artists. The arts that are seldom shown,
then they are always performed at the Bali
Arts Festival in order to be witnessed by the
public. Besides dances and gamelan music
as the mascot of the performance, literary
art, fine arts, handicraft, and creation and
contemporary arts are always enclosed on

the schedule of the festival lasting for one

month.
Balinese Art Festival does not only become
an event of preserving Balinese art and culture, but it also fills the sides of the tourism
in Bali. The performance Bali Art Festival
in the middle of the year from June to July
becomes a right moment for showing art
performances as tourism package. The
performance during the school holiday and
the coming of the tourists place the event
of Bali Art Festival has entered the age of
33 years old. Bali Arts Festival, seen from
the introduction and inheriting the art and
culture, it seems that it has become one of
the routine medias in art of Balinese people.

TOURISM FACILITIES
Since occupied by the Dutch, Bali seemed
to be opened widely for the visits of foreign people. Bali was not only visited by
the foreign people as visitors, but many
cultural observers and devotees came to
record Balinese art and culture. The cultural devotees consisting of men of letters,
writers, and painters spread the uniqueness of Bali to foreign countries. The information through various media by foreign
people in fact could attract visitors coming
to Bali. Their astonishment on the land of
Bali arouse peoples interest in titles to Bali
The Island of Gods, The Island of Paradise, The Island of Thousand Temples, The
Morning of the World, and other names admiring Bali in tourism world.
In 1930, in the heart of Denpasar, a hotel
was built to accommodate tourist visit at
that time. Bali Hotel, a building with colonial
architecture style became a historical milestone of Bali tourism and till now the building is still there standing firmly in its original
style. Not only by receiving tourist visit, art
delegates from Peliatan village also made
cultural visits to some European countries
and the United States. The visits indirectly
introduced the existence of Bali as a tourist
destination suitable to be visited.
Tourism activities, that began to bloom at
that time, once stopped due to World War
II between 1942 to 1945 that was followed
by a more heroic struggle to seize the Independence of Indonesia including the
struggle happening in Bali until 1949. In the
middle of 1950s tourism of Bali began to
be redesigned and in 1963 Bali Beach Hotel (the Grand Bali Beach Hotel) was built
in ten floors at Sanur beach. It is the only

hotel with high building and tourist homestays (hotel, homestay, pansion) built later
were only with one floor. In the middle of
1970s the Government of Bali issued a
local regulation controlling the maximum
height of building is 15meters. The regulation was based on cultural factor and the
traditional layout of Bali so that Bali stays
to have cultural values that can be the base
of tourism sector. Definitely, since the operation of Bali Beach Hotel in November,
1966 tourism facilities of accommodation
developed with better design because it
is there side by side with Bali Beach Hotel
than Kuta that developed naturally moving from local homestays. Homestays and
pensions developed more dominantly than
standard hotels. As Kuta, the area of Ubud
in Gianyar developed naturally, grew at the
local peoples houses staying with the nuance of the villages. The building of tourism
accommodation facilities with international
standard was at last begun with the development of Nusa Dua area to be an international tourist resort. Managed by Bali
Tourism Development Corporation, a body
established by the government, Nusa Dua
area was developed to fulfill the international standard tourism needs. Some hotel
operators entered Nusa Dua area as investors that at least this area could lift tourism
development of Bali. In the later periods,
tourism accommodation grew very rapidly
at tourism centers especially in Badung,
Denpasar, and Gianyar Regency.
The beach areas Kuta, Jimbaran, and
Ungasan became the tourism areas of
Badung. Sanur and the city became the
tourism areas of Denpasar. Ubud, Kedewatan, Payangan, and Tegalallang became
the tourism areas development of Gianyar.
To control the very rapid development,

the Government of Bali then determined

fifteen areas in Bali to be tourism accommodation areas including their supporting
facilities appeared in various styles, from a
house, standard hotel, villa, bungalow, and
boutique hotels with various selling prices.
These varieties can give better value for
Bali because they offer many choices to
the visitors.
The following result of the increase of tourist visit, various supporting facilities such
as restaurants, art shops, art markets, entertainment and recreation facilities grew
rapidly in the centers of tourism accommodation areas or in tourist object areas.
The visitors coming to Bali can have many
choices in doing their holidays in Bali. The
formations of tourism organizations such
as Indonesian Hotel and Restaurant Association, the Association of Indonesian
Travel Agencies, and the other tourism organizations in Bali that professionally manage and give tourism services seem to be a
guarantee of the comfort for having holiday
in Bali.

A GLANCE OF
TOURISM IN BALI
Bali is a small island but it cannot be denied that the combination of the nature and
Balinese people every span of the land in
Bali as if it had an attracting power to be
reached for having holiday. Balinese people
make every span of the land in Bali as if
it had an attracting power to be reached
for having Holiday. Balinese people always
carry out their daily routines without artificial touches and they believe that Bali will
always spread aromatic of attracting power
for tourism. Sunrise can be seen at Sanur
beach, and in the afternoon sunset is presented at Kuta beach, only thirty minutes
from Sanur. In one day time, a trip can be
done to the deep side of Bali to see Balinese people carrying out their daily routines Weariness of doing one day trip to
the deep side of Bali can be combined with
recreation during and after dinner. Even
though many tourists like beach weather
and night entertainments at tourism areas like Kuta and Sanur, but most tourist

coming to Bali spend their time for exploring Bali to visit tourist objects. The beauty
nature, the cool weather of the mountains,
the farmers at the ricefields, the undersea
nature, the daily routines of Balinese women at the markets, and religious ceremonies at the temples are the interesting sides
of Bali preferred by tourists. The Province
of Bali used to have eight regencies with
seven regencies in the South Bali and one
regency in the North Bali. Historically, the
division of the eight regencies areas followed the models of royal government
before the colonization era. Entering the
1980s, as the capital of Bali Province and
Badung Regency, the status of Denpasar
was upgraded to an administrative town
that then it became a municipality, and at
last in 1992 it was determined as a municipality having the same level with a regency.
Thus, since 1992, the Province of Bali was
formally divided into nine regional governments as regencies and a town.

DENPASAR CITY
Denpasar is the youngest town in Bali, it is
just thirteen years old since dedicated on
February 27, 1992. The determination of
Denpasar as a municipality was performed
gradually through the improvement of the
status of administrative town and municipality. However, seen from its history,
Denpasar that used to be part of Badung
Regency had very important role for the
history of Bali today. With an area of about
12,780 hectares, Denpasar has population
of 522,386, it is almost the same with the
population of Badung. Denpasar becomes

the most crowded area in Bali with population density of 4,088 people per square
kilometer. Denpasar that used to be the
center of the kingdom government gradually and definitely develop as a trade city.
Receiving heritage from Badung Regency
as a tourism area, Denpasar has a main
tourism area at Sanur. From the north side
Sanur with the Grand Bali Beach Hotel till
Sanur Beach Hotel, Sanur is crowded with
hotels, restaurants, and various supporting
tourism facilities.

GIANYAR REGENCY

BADUNG REGENCY
Existing at the 8 of South longitude and
115 of East longitude, in the middle of
Bali Island, Badung Regency has an area
41,852 hectares stretching along from the
middle of Bali till the south end of Bali as a
form of keris. The area that is inhabited by
about 332,000 populations is divided into
six districts and forty administrative villages
and 119 traditional villages. The population
density in Band Regency is about 720 people per square kilometers but this density
is not even. The density of the housings
is bigger in South Badung that become
a tourism area, meanwhile in the North
Badung is relatively lower with the feaure of
a farming area.

The areas of South badung like Kuta, Kerobokan, Nusa Dua, Tanjung, and Bukit
Jimbaran becoming tourism areas have
brought Badung to be the biggest area receiving the regional income compared to
the other regencies. Different from the tourism accommodation in the South Badung,
North Badung become object of tourist
visit, both natural object and tourist attractions such as rafting. The open attitude of
the people accepting tourism industry as
the other sides of their employment make
Badung get better as a tourism destination.

Gianyar regency having borders with Denpasar, Bangli, and Klungkung is often
placed an area keeping the source of inspiration for developing art and culture. Karawitan, dances, skillful arts, and other fields
of art are believed to be developed from
Gianyar Regency. It is apart from the position of Gianyar in the past as the center of
the kingdom history on the transition before
and the beginning of Majapahit era. The areas Bedahulu and Pejeng in the north of
Gianyar historically became the centers of
the kingdom government before the Majapahit era.
Meanwhile, Samplangan in the east of Gianyar is the center of the government in the
beginning of Mjaphit ruled in Bali. In the periods of the Dutch colonization and the Independence, the areas of Ubud, Peliatan,
Mas, and surroundings get stronger to be
the centers of developing art and culture.
It can be determined that along the history

Gianyar is very close wrestle with art and

culture. With an area of 36,800 hectares
and population of 354,530 in 2001, Gianyar belongs to an area with middle density,
different from Denpasar as a trade city with
high density in the city center, the density
in Gianyar tends to lead in the side areas
especially in the areas of Ubud districts.
The west side of Gianyar that covers the
areas of Sayan to Payangan has developed to be tourism accommodation with
boutique class hotels which give priority to
privacy, meanwhile the center area of Ubud
develops accommodations of pensions
and homestays in the middle of the local
houses of Balinese.
Other areas in Gianyar, that are not tourism
accommodation area, develop to be tourism supporting areas with handicraft industries. The areas in Gianyar seem to support
and complete each other in developing Gianyar as cultural and tourism town.

KLUNGKUNG REGENCY

BANGLI REGENCY
Of the eight regencies and one municipality
in Bali, Bangli Regency is the only regency
that does not have side area. However,
Bangli has the biggest lake in Bali, that
Batur Lake that waters most of farming
areas in South Bali. With such big role of
Batur Lake to the farming areas in South
Bali, symbolically, the subaks in Bali consider Ulun Danu Batur becomes the orientation of worship to the God of Wisnu,
the Caretaker of the nature. Being in the
middle and the high land of Bali, the temperature in Bangli is quite cool and even
very cold in the evening for Kintamani area.
With cool climate that is always foggy and
rains, Bangli area, especially the mountain
area in Kintamani become the supplier of
quality fruits. In the height 400 meters on
the sea level, the mountain area in North
Bangli becomes the biggest supplier of
bamboo in Bali. Balinese traditional building in nearly all parts of Bali use bamboo for

the roof of the traditional building in nearly

all parts of Bali use bamboo for the roof
frame supplied from Bangli area. Besides,
the roofs of the traditional buildings in the
mountain area in Bangli even use bamboos as their roofs. The social structures
and social dialects in the mountain area of
Kintamani show that not only the ancient
scripts proved that Bangli had an important
role in the history but the social structure of
Bali Mula is also maintained properly. The
house building style at the areas of Pengotan, Penglipuran, Bayung Gede, Sribatu,
and the other ancient villages prove that
their social structures were designed properly in the past. Besides the cool weather
and the beautiful view around Batur Lake,
various historical remains in Bangli become
big potency I supporting the development
of tourism in Bangli. Various accommodation and restaurants have been built since
the development of tourism in Bangli.

Compared to the other regencies in Bali,

Klungkung is the smallest regency in Bali.
Klungkung has an area of 315 square kilometers with population of about 170,612
spreading in four districts. Even though its
area is small, Klungkung also has the compound of islands of Nusa Penida, Nusa
Lembongan, and Nusa Ceningan. With its
borders of Bangli, Gianyar, and Karangasem, most people depend themselves on
farming for their living. Before the explosion
of Agung Mountain, the area Gunaksa was
the supplier of the best Balinese rice together with Tabanan area. Seen from the size
of Klungkung Regency, it is hard to believe
that Klungkung used to be the center of
the government in Bali. Even Bali was ruled
from Gelgel, Klungkung when it reached
the golden era of the government era of
Dalem Batur Enggong in the 15th century.
After the revolt of Patih Gusti Agung Maruti,
the government center was then moved to
Klungkung in the government era of Dalem
Dimade. As the center of kingdom in the
past it caused that in Klungkung handicraft
art develop that referred to the lives of culture and religion. The villages of Tihingan
are a very famous village of gamelan maker,
Budaga village is known as the maker of
ceremony equipment made from bronze

and metal. Satria village is known as the

maker of umbrellas and clothes for temples. Besides, Kamasan village is known
for classical painting of puppet that is not
merely a painting but it is thick of religious
teachings. Kamasan village, about four kilometers in the south of Klungkung, is also
known as the maker of bokor and other silver equipment that are always used in the
performance of ceremonies.

KARANGASEM
REGENCY
Karangasem regency is located in the east
end of Bali island with an area of 83,954
hectares and inhabited by more than
369,000 people. Karangasem area is a hill
area with dry area that is almost close to
the condition of the dry nature in Karangasem is also sharpened when his area was
attacked by the lava of Agung Mountain
when exploded in 1963. Most of Karangasem, especially the north area, was covered
by the lava of Agung Mountain when exploded in 1963. Most of Karangasem, especially the north area, was covered by the
lava of Agung Mountain explosion in 1963
that killed thousands of people. Entering
the 1980s, this area gradually got green

filled by the grasses and other kinds of dry

plantations and other greenings through
designing farming and gardening sectors.
The blocks of the rice fields in the sides of
Karangasem town were redesigned to follow their first forms. The organizations of
subak had very important role in developing the farming areas. Since the middle
of 1990s, the area of north Karangasem,
especially the areas covered by the lava,
Tulamben definitely changed to be marine
tourism area with the corrals and interesting fishes. Accommodation facilities such
as hotels, restaurants, and marine recreations were built at Tulamben area. Not only
the beauty of the hills, the undersea view
also become interesting place in Karangasem. The native Balinese people who mostly
inhabit Karangasem give local colors to the
local art and culture of Karangasem. The
people at the villages till now still apply the
ancient tradition of Bali inherited by their
ancestors. Even though there is a tolerance of cultural influence through Hinduism
religion, their consistency not to accept the
influence of Bali Majaphit caused the heritage of the ancient Bali can still maintain till
today.

BULELENG REGENCY
Nearly most of the north area of Bali is under the government of Buleleng Regency.
Thus, Buleleng is the regency with the
largest regency among the other regencies in Bali. The borders of the mountains
stretching from the east to the east along
the middle of Bali belong to Buleleng regency. That is why Buleleng is the regency
having complete areas such as the mountain, land, lake, and north sea of Bali. Even
though having the largest area in Bali, most
Buleleng area is the dry area, especially the
mountains area in the west and the east
Buleleng. The natural condition owned by
Buleleng make Buleleng cannot depend on
wet farming. But this condition can bring
Buleleng to be the gardening area of fruits
supplier such as orange, clove, and coffee
at the mountain area, meanwhile along the
side areas are the suppliers of tobacco. The
history of Bali from time to time till the third
millennium era has brought influence to

Buleleng Regency to participate in tourism

industry. The side areas of north Bali, especially the areas of Lovina and Kalibukbuk
are the local potencies of tourism accommodation that owned by Buleleng. Wholly
various art and cultural heritages Buleleng
has typical features rather different from the
colors of art and culture of South Bali.

JEMBRANA REGENCY
When hearing the heavy sound of bamboo
with light movements, that is the art of the
karawitan jegog. The gamelan music instrument made of bamboos becomes the
typical feature of Jembarana, one of the regencies in Bali that is located in the west of
Bali. If the Karawitan art in other areas of
Bali has similarities, jegog has different nuance so it is typical to be heard. Jembrana
with the capital of Negara has an area of
841,8 square kilometers that most of the
area are forests. The forests of Negara area
with tropical flora and fauna are the green
area of Bali Island so that this area is determined as protected area that is known as
West Bali National Park.
In neighbor with East Java, the condition
of the nature and the forest in West Bali is
more similar to the condition of the nature
in East Java. The situation of the teak and
the coconut forests in East Java seem to be

still in the area of West Java and gradually

shift to the impression of the nature of Bali
in the area of the border between jembrana
and Tabanan. Not only the nature, most
of the population of Jembrana as urbants
from Java who follow Islam. It is very possible that the close distance between Jembrana and East Java compared to Tabanan
causes they give strong influence between
the two regions that are separated by Bali
Strait.
Even though Jembrana reflects the very
strong Javanese, it does not mean that
Jembrana does not have any Hinduism historical record. The range of some temples
in the south beach of Jembrana such as
Perancak Temple, Rambut Siwi, and some
other temples show that Jembrana keeps
an important record of the Hinduism trip
Java to Bali in the beginning of the history
of Bali.

TABANAN REGENCY
The first impression to see Tabanan area
is the green and fertile area. The bends of
hills and mountains in the north border with
the lakes of Beratan, Buyan and Tamblingan seem to picture that Tabanan area is
always full of water. The cool climate and
weather and the declivity of the land from
mountain area in the north side till the side
area in the south side make Tabanan superior in wet ricefield and gardening. North
Tabanan, from Bedugul area is the supplier
of fruits and vegetables, meanwhile middle and south Tabanan are suppliers of
quality rice. With its area of about 893,33
square kilometers, Tabanan is inhabited
by 374,000 people spreading evenly in ten
districts. Even though the chances of living in tourism sector and in other sector are
very open, most of people of Tabanan still
work at their rice fields.

The decrease of people working in the rice

fields is because of working in other sector,
is responded with farming model in modern and efficient ways. Therefore, till now
Tabanan still become the supplier of rice for
Bali. Based on the natural condition, Tabanan proceeds natural and farming tourism
as superior potencies in tourism fields. The
areas of Tanah Lot, Penebel, Jatiluwih, Pupuan, Antosari, and Bedugul are the places
that always visited both by foreign and domestic who are longing for the beauty of
the nature.

APWPC GUIDEBOOK
AD GUIDELINES (LEFT PAGE)
284 mm

197 mm

@ $1000

10
mm
Preview artwork not up to scale

Dimension of Full Page Artwork to be submitted - 284 mm X 197 mm

APWPC GUIDEBOOK
AD GUIDELINES (RIGHT PAGE)
284 mm

@ $1000

10
mm
Preview artwork not up to scale

Dimension of Full Page Artwork to be submitted - 284 mm X 197 mm

197 mm

APWPC GUIDEBOOK
AD GUIDELINES
10
mm

137 mm

148.5 mm

@ $300
95mm

137 mm

@ $300

@ $500

95mm

10
mm
Preview artwork not up to scale

Dimension of Half Page Artwork to be submitted - 148.5 mm X 210 mm

Dimension of Box Listing Artwork to be submitted - 137 mm X 95 mm

210 mm