AMSCO BOOK:

http://www.caroddoapclasses.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/apushamsco.pdf

Key People

Sir Edmund Andros - Appointed by King James II to rule over Dominion of New England. Was later
overthrown when Leislers Rebellion spread throughout New England colonies.
John Bartram Sir William Berkeley William Bradford Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore - retrieved the charter to land from the king gave him power
as the true and absolute lords and proprietories
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore - envisioned establishing a colony(Maryland) for ventures in real estates
and as a retreat for Catholics
John Calvin - created the notion of predestination
Christopher Columbus- encountered the Americas in 1492 w/ help of Spain
John Copley John Davenport John Smith - Capable captain, traveller, organizer. He became the council president of Jamestown. He
imposed work and order on the community as well as organize raids on neighboring Indian villages.
John Winthrop - became the governor of massachusetts.
Jonathan Edwards Benjamin Franklin Thomas Hooker - established Connecticut in 1635
Hugenots Ann Hutchinson - challenged the power of clergy and norms of women;premature death
Henry Hudson - Dutch East India company explorer who died bc of Mutiny but explored NY area and the
modern Hudson Bay; helped Dutch colonize NYC first
John Locke - Influential English, Enlightenment philosopher who wrote Two Treatises; founder of
Empiricism, pro-religious tolerance; natural rights!
Martin Luther- 95 theses; major guy in the Protestant Reformation
Cotton Mather Metacom James Oglethorpe - received charter from George II for Georgia
William Penn - Founder of Pennsylvania and signed the Charter of Liberties
Pilgrims - separatists who came to Plymouth,MA in 1620
Puritans - Group of protestants, anti-catholicism
Quakers - Rejected predestination and original sin. All people had divinity and salvation was reached
when the divinity was cultivated. Anarchists and mostly democratic.
Sir Walter Raleigh Separatists - People who have separated from the Anglican Church of Eng.
Scotch-Irish Wampanoags - the Natives who resided in Plymouth before pilgrims; helped out pilgrims to survive two
winters, Thanksgiving
Benjamin West - an Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the
American War of Independence. He was the second president of the Royal Academy in London.
Phillis Wheatly - Second published African American poet and FIRST published A.A woman poet; learned
to read and write bc of Wheatly family.
George Whitefield - an EnglishAnglican preacher who helped spread the Great Awakening in Britain, and
especially in the American colonies (9/23)
John Winthrop - City Upon a Hill Reading(HW 9/15) Pro Colonial Theocracy
Roger Williams - began the Providence Plantation; religious freedom in his colony; Pro-natives (coexist
with Natives) -- look at reading!

Key Terms

Act of Toleration (1689)-Parliament granted freedom to protestants by Mary II (after James II)
Anglican Church (1527)-King Henry VIII in opposition to Catholic Church not letting him divorce; Start of
Eng Reformation (Protestant Reformation)

 Antinomianism- A Christian doctrine where ppl follow moral laws bc of inner spirit and not the
pope/priest
Bacons Rebellion(1676)-Nathaniel Bacon and other Virginians from the west want to abdicate Berkeley
bc he did not protect the citizens from Natives; no land for lower class; no access to Eastern trade
Charter of Liberties (1701)- William Penn (under pressure) allowed the ppl of Pennsylvania to establish a
representative assembly to limit the authority of the propreiter; bc of this Delaware was unofficially formed
Chesapeake (colony)-colonies under the London Charter (later called the Virginia Co) bgan w/ Jamestown
in 1607. Became a tobacco economy after 1612 bc of Jamestown planter John Rolf
City Upon a Hill (a doc she gave us)- statement by John Winthrop, where he just tells the settlers that they
need to understand they need to set a good example ,since they are being watched by everyone
(nuclear) Colonial Family-a family consisting of only two parents and any number of children
Congregationalism- Robert Browne, a separistist, led the founding of this movement in England that
emphasized the right and responsibility of each legit congregation to determine their own affairs
Covenant-biblical laws of Christianity
Deism-belief that accepting a religion is inborn and not preached by a preacher
Development of education - no need to define
Universities - no need to define
Dominion of New England (1686-89) - Under Sir Edmiund Andros (appointed by King James II), this was
a dominion ruled by him. Ended after Glorious Revolution and Leislers Rebellion in NY
English Cultural Domination - cultural superiority
Enlightenment a time period in which new ideas are born (science and secularism; mainly in England and
France but later spread to Americas)
Favorable balance of trade - When a country exports more than it imports, maximizing on profits.
Frame of Government - William Penns expression of his religious and political ideas for setting up
government in Pennsylvania.
Fundamental orders of connecticut Georgian style - style of architecture in 18th century england and americas
Glorious revolution - Revolution in England to remove King James II and replace him with Mary and
William bc they are Protestant and King James II wants to make Eng Catholic=bad
Great Awakening (1730-40)- after a period of decline of religion, women and young men became highly
aware and superstitious and revitalized religion
Great Migration - Puritans emigrating from England to New World
Halfway Covenant - before the great awakening, people were considered to be part of church by halfheartedly participating in it.
Headright System - An effort by Virginia and later Maryland to recruit new immigrants; give 50 acres to
new immigrants and 100 for ppl already settled
Hereditary aristocracy - government where power is passed down from generation to generation, and kept
in the family
Holy Experiment - William Penn's term for the ideal government he established for Pennsylvania in 1681,
when he obtained the charter from King Charles II
House of Burgess-representative government of Virginia consisting of Yeomans
Immigrants - people who emigrate from another country to another permanently
Indentured Servants - servants who are paid passage by others and work of their sentence so that they can
be free (yeoman) not much diff from slaves before 1660
Jamestown (1607)- first successful colony that survived bc of tobacco
Joint-stock war- Compared with other European nations in 1600, England was relatively poor.
As new agricultural techniques made fewer farmers necessary, the poor multiplied in the streets of cities
such as London and Bristol. Much to the dismay of the wealthier classes, the impoverished were an increasingly
burdensome presence and problem.
King Philip's War - the bloodiest conflict in 17th-century New England, temporarily devastated the
frontier communities but eventually eradicated natives military resistance to the European colonization
Limited Democracy - Limited democracy is a republic where voters elect officials into office to make
decisions for them. They have confined limits or restricted space on the resources. Conflicts may arise as a result
of limited democracy.
Maryland act of Toleration - The act was a pragmatic solution to a serious problem. The Catholics in
originally Catholic Maryland had become a minority of the population although still powerful politically. They

were in great danger of being ill-treated by the Protestant majority. The Toleration Act, it was believed, was a
way of providing protection for Catholics while at the same time representing a nod in the direction of the
English government, which in 1649 and for a dozen years thereafter was firmly under the control of the English
Puritans.
Massachusetts Bay - New England colony settled by Puritans that first wanted to escape England and
make a puritan society. Escape from the wrath of Charles I, which tried to isolate and jail puritans in attempt to
restore Catholicism
Mayflower Compact - document where 41 saints established a civil government and sworn allegiance to
the king. Loss of some liberties for Order and Protection.
Mercantilism - Colonies would provide a market for Englands manufactured goods and a source of supply
for raw materials
Middle Colonies - New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware
Middle Passage - Forced immigration of African slaves to Americas
Navigation Acts - English laws set to regulate colonial commerce with other nations
NE Confederation - New England Puritan colonies in support of the church, and for defence against the
Native Americans and the Dutch colonies
Old and New lights - two congregations that were divided as a result of the Great Awakening
(Old=traditionalists; New=Revitalists)
Peculiar Institution - euphemism for slavery in the south
Plantation - a place where agricultural products are produced for sale not consumption
Poor Richards Almanac- Written by Ben Franklin to publish info
Predestination -JOHN CALVIN:F where the top 1%, the rich upper class belief that all things happened
because God wanted them to
Proprietary Colony (1664-74) - NY and NJ were given to James and taken from Dutch
Protestant Reformation - Began by Henry VIII and Martin Luther to convert England from Catholicism to
Protestantism
Restoration Colonies - Carolinas, and Pennsylvania; following the English Rev. Charles II granted huge
land grants to founders of colonies to create perm. settlements that would provide land and power to proprietors
Royal Colonies - Colonies controlled by the crown and not by joint stock Co.
Salem Witch Trials - rumors start after a few teen girls perform voodoo lore that they learned from
indians. Women were mostly targeted as witches. Targeted marginal women, then moved towards more
substantial people.
Salutary Neglect - British policy of voluntarily not enforcing taxes/ laws to keep colonists obedient to
England throughout 17 and 18 century
Sectarian - hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions within
a group, such as between different denominations of a religion, class, regional or factions of a political
movement.
Spanish Armada - the invasion fleet launched against England in 1588 by Philip II of Spain. Its defeat left
England Protestant, aided the Dutch Revolt, and compounded the tax burden on Spain's strained economy.
Subsistence farming - only growing enough to survive off of
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)- divided South America into two parts between Spain + Portugal
Triangular Trade - Trade of slaves, agricultural products, disease, and precious metals between Europe,
Americas, and Africa
John Peter Zenger - New York printer and journalist whose famous for the first important victory for
freedom of the press in the English colonies of North America.

The Thirteen Colonies + Founders

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

New Hampshire: John Wheelwright (1679)

Massachusetts Bay (Massachusetts +Maine): Massachusetts Bay Colony (1620)
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: Roger Williams (1644)
Connecticut: Thomas Hooker (1662)
New York: James (Duke of York) (1664)
New Jersey: Duke of York (1664)
Pennsylvania: William Penn (1681)
Delaware: lower counties (1703)
Virginia: London Company (1607)

10. Maryland:Cecil Calvert & George Calvert, Lord Baltimores (1632)

11. North Carolina:Eight Proprietors (1663)
12. South Carolina: Eight Proprietors (1663)
13. Georgia: James Oglethorpe (1732)
____________________________________________________________

Key Questions:
1. How has geography influenced the settlement of the US?
a. colonies -communal farming, land ownership
b. new england - trade mofo
2. What there the events in Europe that helped shape the characteristics of American Colonization?
a. inc in pop
b. protestant reformation
3. Why did English settlers come to America?
a. to escape persecution and religious intolerance
4. How was the European interaction with the native population defined?
a. mostly came and conquered
5. What role did economics play in the establishment of colonies?
a. more land = more wealthy
6. What role did religion play in the establishment of colonies?
a. church is rich, leaders of society
7. Compare and contrast the roles of economic and religious motives in the beginnings of English
Settlement in the New World
a. refer to 5 and 6
8. What factors contributed to the successful colonization of English America?
a. indentured servants
9. What were the motives for founding of the restoration colonies in English America and explain how
they benefited from earlier colonizing experiences
a.
10. Compare and contrast the demographic characteristics, political instituions and economic pursuits
of the New England, middle, and southern colonies
a.
11. Explain why slavery came to be the dominant labor system in Englands southern north american
colonies
a.
12. Explain how europeans who settled in Englands North American colonies were americanized by
that experience.
a.
13. Assess the impact of the Great Awakening and enlightenment on the intellectual and spiritual life
of the colonies
a.
14. Define the basic assumptions of the British colonial system and describe its operation.
a.
____________________________________________________________

Textbook Outline:

pages are 4-30, 34-63, and 66-96. I did 23- 38 so far

Pre-columbus
The Arrival of the English
1497 (5 years after the spanish) the English showed up.
John Cabot
Commercial incentive
In England
Costly european wars
Religious strife
Land problem

 Enclosure movement (we all remember this

right?)

Resulted in lots of unemployment

England tried to round up the poor, put them to work.
That didnt work out as well. Population was too much, and they were running low on
food
merchant class arose
Chartered companies: operated based on a
charter given by the monarch giving their company a monopoly on a trade in a
particular region.
mercantilism rising
New fresh start grass is greener on the otherside type
thinking
Mercantilism
Idea that wealth was finite and you had to extract wealth
from another.
European nations looked for places they could take things
that otherwise they would have to buy (poor them)
Also the europeans wanted to find a place to off load their
crap.
And so why they colonized
The englishs big thing was wool. The wool trade collapsed
and they were like yo lets just get shit from this land, no ones here and we could
really use place to ship all those poor people because the land over there is limitless
and so every englishman can totally have some, lets get permission from the english
king because he totally has the authority in America
Richard Hakluyt propaganda guy for the procolonizing side. And just like with the holocaust, millions died (thank you
europe)
America had some of that stuff the english had to buy like
lumber, silver (sort of) and gold (not really).
The religious reasons
Some shit that went down
Remember luther from 1517? 95 thesis in germany?
Basically he was like we dont need the pope or the church telling us what to do, we
have the bible and the church, who had supreme authority was like oh nah
Henry VIII, became angry at the church because his wife
wouldnt give him a son and he wanted to divorce her. However divorce wasnt really
a thing. He cut his ties with the church and then did his own protestant thing. His
daughter Mary re-connected with the catholic church and killed all the protestants
and then her half sister Elizabeth reverted to the protestant thing again. (The Church
of England)
Resulted in a few problems.
Conservatives who were still
catholic
Radicals (puritans) who
thought it wasnt enough
Puritan separatists
wanted to meet in their own independent
congregations, unauthorized meeting were a no go.
Basically none of the religious requests of anyone was
met. And when James came to the throne after Elizabeth he favored Catholics.
Subjugation of Ireland (they were catholic. Them protestants were not
nice to them #cromwell)
Irish were just considered lesser than the
english. it was bad for them.

 England in America
They didnt just try to rule some people. They tried to
build their own brand new society.
1607 jamestown first enduring english settlement
At first they were like but spains there they be frightening
but then the english sea dogs crushed the spanish armada (one of the largest fleets in
the history of warfare) making england have the #1 navy and more confidence on the
sea
Roanoke
Found by the explorer Raleigh.
He asked permission to name it Virgina for
Elizabeth (the virgin queen)
The flattery did not get him the $$ he
wanted, so he got some private investors.
The people that settled there first, destroyed
an indian village (because of an alleged minor theft) and then went back home.
The second people to settle They all
disappeared. CROATOAN was carved on a post. Suggested it was indian
retaliation.
Raleigh was stripped of his monopoly after
Queen Elizabeth died. Then imprisoned. Then executed.
Next to arise was London groups and the
Plymouth groups. The london merchants got a charted for the south (virginia)
and the other got north.
French/Dutch in America
Quebec 1608
Not many people moved because france was nice and the
ones who were religiously persecuted were not allowed in the colonies. HOWEVER
the french forged close ties with the natives, whereas the english did not. So the
french did have a very big impact that was disproportionate.
Coureurs de Bois
Fur traders and trappers
Developed extensive trade and explored the
wilderness
Henry Hudson was dutch.
New amsterdam later NY
Encouraged people from all countries to
come live there
Jamestown
1607 (104 men)
No women and a refusal to mingle with the natives made it difficult to
form a proper society. Growing food was a low concern
John Smith (arrived in 1608) put everything in order, raided a few
villages for food, and the colony had promise when he returned to england to get treatment
for powder burn (whatever that is)
1609-1610 known as the starving time. Some indians killed off livestock
and kept the colonizers in their colony as some sort of revenge. Death. Abandoned
jamestown. but on their way back to england they were turned around by the ship carrying
the newly appointed governor and they agreed to try again.
At First they tried like a you do work, you get food almost communist
system. But like pre-enclosure england, the people had no personal attachment. So to thrive
the governor allowed private land ownership for incentive.
Tobacco
First brought in by the spanish. King JAmes (england)
was against it (most likely because he hasted giving english gold to the spanish.)

 John Rolfe (married Pocahontas) experimented and got a

very nice tobacco cultivation going.
Expansion
1616 still no profits from Virginia
The headright system
To attract settlers and make colony
profitable
gave land (and lots of it) to the immigrants.
Transported skilled workers and women to
the colonies
July 30, 1619 first meeting of house of
burgesses/ first meeting of elected legislature
Suppression of the Powhatan (indians)
Resisted expanding european presence.
Thomas Dale led lots of attacks on them, at one point
kidnapping the chiefs daughter Pocahontas. He tried to ransom her, but her dad
refused. So Pocahontas did the logical thing and converted to christianity and
married John Rolfe. Her presence in england when she accompanied JR started an
idea of hey we can civilize them. She died while abroad.
1622 the englishmen thought they were meeting for a
trade. 347 people died (including all ages and genders as well as John Rolfe) before
retreating
1644 was the last time the natives tried an unsuccessful
attack. They stopped messing with the east after that.
Demise of the company
the london company had founded this place now
called Virginia company.
1624 james revoked the company's charter, and took the
colony under the control of the crown where it would remain.
Agricultural tech expanding
Blamed the peoples uncivilized-ness for why no gold was
found.
borrowed techniques an crops from the natives.
Maryland and the Calverts
The two Lord Baltimores
p. 70-71
1. Women & Families in New England
a. Male-Dominated Fewer New England women become widows compared to Chesapeake less often cast in
roles independent of husband
b. Puritan Church emphasis on gender equality in scripture in reality religious authority remains firmly in
hands of men who use it to reinforce patriarchal society
c. Patriarchal Puritan Family women expected to be modest and submissive in the family devotes herself
entirely to serving her husband and households needs
2. Beginnings of Slavery in British America
a. Middle Passage commerce in slaves grows more extensive and sophisticated conditions become more
horrible and cramped on voyage from Africa
p. 85-89
1. Puritan Community
a. Patterns of Settlement Puritan New England social unit emerges as the town binding covenant is drawn
up in new towns; families live in village with neighbors close by strong sense of community
b. Puritan Democracy Residents hold annual town meeting to decide important questions and choose group
of selectmen who govern until next meeting (males) must be members of the church to participate in
candidacy
c. Population Pressure As towns grow large, residents tend to cultivate land farther from community center
build new churches as result of distance from old churches

d. Generational Conflict economic necessity begins to undermine patriarchal model in families; in theory
men have dictatorial control relationships were more contractual
2. Witchcraft Phenomenon
a. Salem Witch Trials adolescent girls begin to report accusations of witchcraft against West Indian servants
hysteria causes hundreds of people to be accused and put to death before trial
b. Independent Women reason the witch trials were so widespread in Puritan society little tolerance for
independent women straying from social norms suspicious
3. Cities
a. Growth of Colonial Cities cities like Philadelphia and New York emerge as port cities (1770s) served as
trading centers for farmers of regions and as markets for international trade
b. Commercial and Cultural Importance cities become centers of industry (ironworks / distillery) and cultural
activities vulnerable to fluctuations in trade (inflation)