Year(s)

1787

1787

Advocates
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
James Madison
Alexander
Hamilton
Virginia, New York,
Massachusetts:
Patrick Henry
James Winthrop
John Hancock
John Adams
Alexander
Hamilton

Political Party
*NOT A PARTY-GROUP
THAT DEBATED
CONSTTITUTION:

Federalists
*NOT A PARTY-GROUP
THAT DEBATED
CONSTITUTION:

Anti-federalists
Federalists

Beliefs
Stronger central government

States rights

Interpret loosely, strong central

government, national bank, high tariffs,
pro-British, large army and navy, aid
business owners
Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republicans
Interpret secretly, weak central
1800
James Madison
government, pro-French, NO national
bank and tariffs, small army and navy,
farmers
Henry Clay
Whigs
American System: national bank,
1832
internal improvements, protective tariff
New England and Mid-Atlantic states
support
President Andrew Democrats
States rights, limited government, free
1832
Jackson and
trade, common man
supporters
Against: national bank, high tariffs,
monopolies
South and West support
Northerners or
Free-Soil Party
Opposed slavery in Mexican Cession
1848
Northern
territories
Democrats
Wanted land for whites
Martin Van Buren
Homesteads (land grants to farmers)
Free soil, free labor, and free men
Mid 1850s DEATH OF WHIG PARTY due to increasing slavery tensions
Nativists
Know-Nothing Party
Against immigrants and Catholics
1852
Coalition of Free-
Republican Party
No expansion of slavery
1854
Soil and antislavery
Free homesteads

Whigs and

Pro-business protective tariff
Democrats
Wanted repeal of Kansas-Nebraska Act
and Fugitive Slave Law

President
Democrats
(
same
p
arty)
Popular sovereignty
1857
Buchanan
Expansion of slavery
Pro-slavery
SPLIT OF DEMOCRATIC PARTY: Southern and Moderate Democrats
1860
Former Whigs,
Constitutional Union Party Enforcement of laws and the
1860
Know-Nothings,
Constitution
and moderate
Preserve the Union
Democrats
1800

1877

1877
1878
1892

1912

Years
1789-1793-
1797

Men in business
Middle class
Anglo-Saxon
Protestants
Prohibition
supports
Catholics,
Lutherans, Jews
Northern farmers
Supporters of
paper money
Farmers Alliance
Supporters of
paper money
Poor whites
Poor blacks
William Jennings
Bryan
Theodore
Roosevelt
Urban middle class
Former Populists

President *NOT IN
ORDER
George Washington

Republican (during Gilded

Age)

Antislavery
Pro-business economy
High protective tariffs

Democrats (during Gilded

Age)
Greenback Party

States rights
Limited federal government
Use of greenbacks
Paper money
Increase amount of money in circulation
Direct election of senators
Initiative and referendum
Unlimited coinage of silver to increase
money supply
Graduated income tax
Public ownership of railroads by govt
8 hour workday
Make political changes and social
improvements through govt actions
Active role of federal govt
Limit power of big business
Improve democracy for people
Strengthen social justice
Populist beliefs

Peoples or Populist Party

Progressive-Republican
Party (after split from
Republican party)
Bull Moose Party

Policies

Important events/contributions/etc.

Federalist
Neutrality
National bank
No political parties
Democratic-Republican
beliefs

French Revolution
Pinckney Treaty
Whiskey Rebellion
Farewell Address
Peaceful Revolution
Louisiana Purchase
Marshall Court midnight
appointments/judicial review
War of 1812
Hartford Convention (radical
Federalists)
*War of 1812 LEGACY

1801-1805-
1809

Thomas Jefferson

1809-1813-
1817

James Madison

1817-1821-
1825

James Monroe

Democratic-Republican
beliefs (party split into 2
this year)

1829-1833-

Andrew Jackson

Jacksonian Democracy

*Henry Clays American System (similar

to Federalist beliefs)
McCulloch v.s. Maryland: Constitution
gave implied power to create national
bank
*Missouri Compromise
Monroe Doctrine
Market Revolution
Indian Removal Act

1837

Common man
Against national bank
Increase executive power

Republican beliefs

1861-1865-
1869

Abraham Lincoln

1865-1869

Andrew Johnson

Southern Democrat

1869-1873-
1877

Ulysses S. Grant

Republican

1877-1881
1885-1889
AND
1893-1897

Rutherford B. Hayes Republican

Grover Cleveland
Democrat

1897-1901-
1905

William McKinley

1905-1909

Theodore Roosevelt Progressive-Republican

1909-1913

William Howard
Taft

Republican

Republican

Bank veto (rival: Henry Clay)

Pet banks
Lincoln-Douglass debates
Southern secession
House divided speech
Civil War
13th Amendment
Emancipation Proclamation
Shermans March
Suspended habeas corpus
Freedmen (54th Regiment)
Morrill Tariff Act and Homestead Act
10% plan
Similar to Lincolns 10% plan, but
needed individual pardons
*Black Codes -> Jim Crow Laws
14th Amendment
Reconstruction Acts of 1867
Impeachment (1 vote short)
No political experience
15th Amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Compromise of 1877
Interstate Commerce Act
Dawes Act
Hard money backed by gold
Refused to annex Hawaii
Venezuela-Britain boundary dispute
Spanish-American war
Aid from Mark Hanna
Spanish-American war
Raised protective tariffs
Gold standard money
Pro-business
John Hay: Open Door Policy
Rough riders
Big-Stick Policy
Panama Canal
Roosevelt Corollary
Russo-Japanese War/Portsmouth
Conference
Gentlemens Agreement
Square Deal of Labor
Three Cs: Corporation, Consumer,
Conservation
Dollar Diplomacy
Trust-busting
Conservationist

1913-1917

Woodrow Wilson

Democrat

1933-1937-
1941-1949

FDR

Democrat

1949-1953

Harry S. Truman

Democrat

Moral Diplomacy (spread of democracy)

Acquisition of Philippines, Guam, and
Puerto Rico from Spanish-American war
Tampico Incident and Pancho Villa
*New Freedom
Underwood Tariff (lowered)
Federal Reserve Act (regulation)
Clayton Antitrust Act
Federal Trade Commission (regulation)
Plessy vs. Ferguson
NAACP
19th Amendment
World War I
He Kept Us Out of War
Russian Revolution
Espionage and Sedition Acts/Schenck vs.
US
Fourteen Points
League of Nations
New Deal
Three Rs: relief, recovery, reform
Hundred Days
Bank Holiday
21st Amendment
RFC, WPA, AAA, CCC, NRA, Wagner Act,
Social Security Act
Court packing scheme
Congress of Industrial Organizations
(CIO)
Keynesian Economics
Dust Bowl
Indian Reorganization Act
Good Neighbor Policy
Pan-American Conference
Neutrality Acts/Isolationism
Quarantine Speech
Lend-Lease Act
World War II
United Nations
Fair Deal (Congress blocked most)
Truman Doctrine (aid Greece and
Turkey)
Marshall Plan (aid European nations)
Berlin Airlift
NATO (military alliance)
Atomic Weapons
Communist China
Korean War
Second Red Scare/Cold War
Joseph McCarty

1953-1957-
1961

Dwight Eisenhower

Republican
Modern Republicanism

1961-1965

John F. Kennedy

Democrat

1965-1969

Lyndon B. Johnson

Democrat

1969-1974

Richard Nixon

Republican

1981-1985-
1989

Ronald Reagan

Conservative Republican

Social Security extended

Minimum wage raised
Public housing
Highest standard of living
Sputnik
First televised debate
New Frontier Programs (aid to
education, federal support of health care,
and civil rights)
Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis
Great Society Reforms (Medicare,
Medicaid, Head Start, Immigration Act)
Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965
(desegregation and voting rights)
MLK March on Washington and Selma
Malcolm X, race riots, black power
Students for a Democratic Society
(SDS)/participatory democracy/New
Left
Free Speech Movement
Counterculture
Vietnam War, Tet offensive,
peace with honor and law and order
Vietnamization
Kent and Jackson State college protest
Pentagon Papers/NY Times vs. US
New Federalism (slow down Great
Society, provide gradual income tax, shift
social programs from federal to local
levels
Southern Strategy (appeal to voters,
CONSERVATIVES, who didnt like
counterculture, black militants, antiwar
protests)
Watergate Scandal
CREEP
War Powers Act (Pres has to go to
Congress)
First to resign presidency to Gerard Ford
New Right
Pledged to lower taxes, reduce govt
spending on welfare, build up armed
forces, promote conservatism
Supply-side economics (Reaganomics):
tax cuts and reduced govt spending
would increase jobs and prosperity (lol
nah)
National debt sky rocketed
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Star

1993-2001

Bill Clinton

Democrat

2001-2004

George Bush

Republican

Wars
Iran-Contra Affair (sell antitank and
antiaircraft missile to Iranian govt to
release US hostages) = bad
Improved US-Soviet relations
Moderate New Democrat
Focused on economics issues: jobs,
education, health care
*Conservative
No Child Left Behind Act
9/11
Homeland Security
Patriot Acts of 2001 and 2003