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Section A
[60 marks]

1 Diagram 1.1 shows the atomic structure of elements X and Y.

(Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi unsur X dan Y.)

DIAGRAM 1.1
(a)

What is the proton number of element X?

(Apakah nombor proton bagi unsur X?)
..
[1 mark]

(b) (i)

Atom of element X has isotopes. What is meant by isotopes?

(Atom unsur X mempunyai isotop. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?)
.
[1 mark]

(ii)

State one example of an isotope. (Nyatakan satu contoh isotop.)

[1 mark]

(c)

(i)

Atom of element Y has a nucleon number of 23. Calculate the number of neutrons in
atom Y.
(Atom unsur Y mempunyai nombor nukleon 23. Hitungkan bilangan neutron bagi atom
Y.)

[1 mark]

(ii)

Write the standard representation of atom Y.

(Tuliskan simbol atom unsur Y.)

[1 mark]

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(d) Ethanol is an organic compound. Its melting point is 117 oC and its boiling point is 78 oC .
(Etanol ialah satu sebatian organik dengan takat lebur 117 oC dan takat didih 78 oC.)
(i)

(ii)

What is the physical state of ethanol at room temperature?

(Apakah keadaan fizik etanol pada suhu bilik?)
..
[1 mark]
Answer all questions (Jawab semua soalan)
Draw the arrangement of particles of ethanol at 100 oC.
(Lukiskan susunan zarah etanol pada 100 oC.)

100 oC
[1 mark]
(iii
)

State how the movement of ethanol particles changes when heated from room
temperature to 100 oC.
(Nyatakan bagaimana pergerakan zarah-zarah etanol berubah apabila dipanaskan
dari suhu bilik ke 100 oC.)
...
[1 mark]

(iv)

Sketch the graph of temperature against time when ethanol is heated from room
temperature to 100 oC.
(Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila etanol dipanaskan daripada suhu bilik ke
100 oC)
Temperature/oC

Time/min

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[2 marks]

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2 Figure 2.1 shows the chemical symbols which represent elements R, S and T.
(Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan simbol kimia yang mewakili unsur-unsur R, S dan T.)
35
17

12

39

19

FIGURE 2.1
(a)

(i)

Write the electron arrangement of atom T.

(Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom T.)
...
[1 mark]

(ii)

State the period and the group for element T in the Periodic Table.
(Nyatakan kala dan kumpulan bagi unsur T dalam Jadual Berkala.)
Period (Kala) : ...
Group (Kumpulan) : ....
[2 marks]

(b)

Atoms of R and S can react to form a compound.

(Atom R dan atom S boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk satu sebatian.)
(i)

Name the type of bond in the compound formed between atoms R and S.
(Nyatakan jenis ikatan dalam sebatian yang terbentuk antara atom R dan atom
S.)
..
[1 mark]

(ii)

Give one physical property of the compound in (b)(i).

(Beri satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian di (b)(i).)
...
[1 mark]

(c)

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Atoms of R and T can also react to form a compound. Draw the electron
arrangement for the compound formed.
(Atom R dan atom T juga boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk satu sebatian.
Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.)

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[ 2 marks]
(d)

Iron, copper, nickel and chromium are examples of transition elements.

(Ferum, kuprum, nikel dan kromium adalah contoh unsur peralihan.)
(i)

State the position of transition elements in the Periodic Table.

(Nyatakan kedudukan unsur peralihan dalam Jadual Berkala.)
..
[1 mark]

(ii)

State two special characteristics of transition elements.

(Nyatakan dua ciri istimewa bagi unsur peralihan.)
.
[2 marks]

3 Diagram 3.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for two types of cell.
(Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk dua jenis sel.)

Cell P

Cell Q
DIAGRAM 3.1

(a)

State the energy changes in cell P and cell Q.

(Nyatakan perubahan tenaga dalam sel P dan sel Q.)
Cell P:...
Cell Q:...
[2 marks]

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(b)

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Write the half-equation for the reaction that occurs at the magnesium rod in cell P.
(Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di rod magnesium
dalam sel P.)

[2 marks]

(c)

Mark the direction of the flow of electrons in cell P.

(Tandakan arah aliran electron dalam Sel P)
[1 mark]

(d) (i)

What happens to the voltmeter reading when the magnesium rod in cell P is
replaced by zinc rod?
(Apakah yang berlaku kepada bacaan voltmeter apabila rod magnesium
dalam sel P digantikan dengan rod zink?)

[1 mark]

(ii)

Explain your answer in d(i).

(Terangkan jawapan anda di d(i).)

[1 mark]

(e)

(i)

Label the anode in cell Q. (Labelkan anod dalam sel Q)

[1 mark]

(ii)

What is observed at the copper anode in cell Q?

(Apakah yang diperhatikan pada anod kuprum dalam sel Q?)

[1 mark]

(f)

What happens to the intensity of colour of the solution in cell Q? Explain your
answer.
(Apakah yang berlaku kepada keamatan warna larutan dalam sel Q? Terangkan
jawapan anda..)

[2 marks]

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4 Diagram 4.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the experiment to study the effect of metals P
and Q on the rusting of iron nail. The results are recorded after one day.
(Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan logam P
dan Q ke atas pengaratan paku besi. Keputusan dicatatkan selepas satu hari)
Experiment

After 1 day

Observation
Some dark blue
precipitate.
(Sedikit mendakan biru)

Large amount of dark

blue precipitate
(Banyak mendakan biru)

No dark blue precipitate.

Solution turns pink.
(Tiada mendakan biru.
Larutan bertukar merah
jambu)

DIAGRAM 4.1
(a) Write the half-equation for the formation of iron(II) ion from iron.
(Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi pembentukan ion ferum(II) daripada ferum.)
..........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) State the function of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution in the experiment.
(Nyatakan fungsi larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III) dalam eksperimen ini.)
..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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(c) Which test tube shows the fastest rusting of iron? Explain your answer.
(Tabung uji yang manakah menunjukkan pengaratan ferum yang paling cepat.
Terangkan jawapan anda.)
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) Arrange the metals Fe, P and Q in order of decreasing electropositivity.
(Susun logam Fe, P dan Q mengikut urutan keelektropositifan menurun.)
...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e) (i)

What happens to metal Q in test tube C?

(Apakah yang berlaku kepada logam Q dalam tabung uji C?)
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Suggest a metal that can be used as metal Q.

(Cadangkan satu logam yang boleh diguna sebagai logam Q.)
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(f) State the ion that causes the solution in test tube C to turn pink.
(Nyatakan ion yang menyebabkan larutan dalam tabung uji C bertukar kepada merah
jambu.)
...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

Diagram 5.1 shows a series of reactions for organic compounds. Compound P is an

unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas bagi sebatian organik. Sebatian P adalah
satu sebatian hidrokarbon tak tepu.)

Butan-1-ol
C4H10O
I

II
Porcelain chips
(Serpihan porselin)

Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution

(Larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid)

Compound Q
(Sebatian Q)

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Compound P
(Sebatian P)

Hydrogen
III
chloride
(Hidrogen klorida)

Compound R
(Sebatian R)

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DIAGRAM 5.1

(a)

What is meant by unsaturated hydrocarbon?

(Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan hidrokarbon tak tepu?)
.
.
[1 mark ]

(b)

Write the molecular formula of compound P.

(Tuliskan formula molekul sebatian P.)
.
[ 1 mark ]

(c)

Draw and name two isomers for compound P.

(Lukiskan dan namakan dua isomer bagi sebatian P.)

[4 marks ]
(d)

Compound Q is a solution that has a pH of 6.

(Sebatian Q adalah suatu larutan yang mempunyai pH 6.)
(i)

Name the homologous series for compound Q.

(Namakan siri homolog bagi sebatian Q.)

[1 mark]

(ii)

State one observation for Process I .

(Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam Proses I.)

[1 mark]

(e)

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Butan-1-ol can react with compound Q to produce a sweet smelling liquid. Write
the equation for the reaction.
(Butan-1-ol boleh bertindak balas dengan sebatian Q untuk menghasilkan suatu
cecair yang berbau wangi. Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.)

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..
[1 mark]
(f)

(a)

Name compound R.
(Namakan sebatian R.)
..
[1 mark]
Bronze is an alloy of copper.
(Gangsa ialah satu aloi untuk kuprum.)
(i)

Name the element that is added to copper to form bronze.

(Namakan unsur yang ditambahkan kepada kuprum untuk membentuk
gangsa.)

[1 mark]

(ii)

Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper.

(Terangkan mengapa gangsa lebih keras daripada kuprum tulen.)

[2 marks]

(iii
)

Draw the arrangement of particles in pure copper and bronze.

(Lukiskan susunan zarah di dalam kuprum tulen dan gangsa.)

Pure copper
(Kuprum tulen)

Bronze
(Gangsa)
[2 marks]

(b)

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Synthetic polymers are widely used in our daily lives.

(Polimer sintetik diguna secara meluas dalam kehidupan harian.)

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11
(i)

Complete the table with the correct monomers.

(Lengkapkan jadual dengan monomer yang betul.)
Polymer(Polimer)
Polyvinylchloride
(Polivinilklorida)

Monomer(Monomer)

Synthetic rubber
(Getah sintetik)
[2 marks]

(ii) State one of the uses of polyvinylchloride in our daily lives.

(Nyatakan satu daripada kegunaan polivinilklorida dalam kehidupan
harian.)
.
[1 mark]
( c)

Glass and ceramic have some similar characteristics.

(Kaca dan seramik mempunyai beberapa ciri yang sama.)
(i)

State one similar characteristic of glass and ceramic.

(Nyatakan satu ciri yang sama antara kaca dan seramik.)
.
[1 mark]

(ii)

What type of glass is used to make laboratory glassware?

(Apakah jenis kaca yang digunakan untuk membuat radas makmal?)
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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Section B
[ 20 marks ]
Answer any one question.(Jawab mana-mana satu soalan)
7

(a)

The rate of reaction is important in industries and in our everyday lives.

State the four factors that affect the rate of reaction.
(Kadar tindak balas adalah penting dalam industri dan kehidupan harian.
Nyatakan empat faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.)
[4 marks]

(b)

A student carried out two experiments to investigate the effect of concentration on

the rate of reaction. Diagram 7.1 shows the set-up of apparatus of the experiments.
(Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan ke
atas kadar tindak balas. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimeneksperimen itu.)

Experiment

Set-up of apparatus

Excess hydrochloric acid

0.2 mol dm-3

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0.2 g calcium carbonate

powder
Water

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Excess hydrochloric acid

0.5 mol dm-3
0.2 g calcium carbonate
powder

II

Water
DIAGRAM 7.1

Table 7.1 shows the results of the experiments.

(Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.)
Time/s
Volume of gas of
Experiment I/cm3
Volume of gas of
Experiment II/cm3

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

5.0

10.0

14.2

18.0

21.3

24.0

26.0

10.0

17.0

23.0

25.0

26.0

26.0

26.0

TABLE 7.1
(i)

Plot the graphs of the volume of carbon dioxide gas against time for
Experiment I and II on the same axes.
(Lukiskan graf isipadu gas karbon dioksida melawan masa bagi Eksperimen I
dan II pada paksi yang sama.)
[4 marks]

(ii)

Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and II.

(Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan II.)
[4 marks]

(iii
)

Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II .

Explain the differences in the rate of reaction with reference to the collision
theory. (Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I dengan
Eksperimen II. Terangkan perbezaan itu dengan merujuk teori pelanggaran)
[5 marks]

(c)

What are the conditions required for the production of ammonia in Haber Process?
(Apakah keadaan-keadaan yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan ammonia dalam
Proses Haber)
[3 marks]

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8

(a)

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The following information is about nitric acid and methanoic acid.
(Berikut adalah maklumat mengenai asid nitrik dan asid metanoik.)

the pH of 1 mol dm-3 nitric acid is 1

(pH asid nitrik 1 mol dm-3 ialah 1)
the pH of 1 mol dm-3 methanoic acid is 4
(pH asid metanoik 1 mol dm-3 ialah 4)

Explain why these two solutions have different pH values.

(Terangkan mengapa dua larutan ini mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.)
[4 marks]
(b)

Copper(II) oxide powder reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to produce salt and water.
Write a chemical equation of the reaction.
Describe how to prepare a dry salt crystal using the above reactants in the laboratory.
(Serbuk kuprum(II) oksida bertindak balas dengan asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan
garam dan air. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
Huraikan bagaimana anda menyediakan hablur garam yang kering dalam makmal
dengan menggunakan bahan tindak balas di atas.)
[8 marks]

(c)

Describe the chemical tests that can be used to verify the cation and anion in lead(II)
nitrate.
(Huraikan ujian-ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal kation dan anion
dalam plumbum(II) nitrat.)
[8 marks]
Section C
[ 20 marks ]
Answer any one question (Jawab mana-mana satu soalan)

(a)

Figures 9.1 and 9.2 show energy level diagrams.

(Rajah 9.1 dan 9.2 menunjukkan gambar rajah aras tenaga)
Energy

Energy
CaCO3 + 2NaCl

Mg(s) + FeSO4
H= - 200 kJ

MgSO4 + Fe

FIGURE 9.1
(i)

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H= + 12.6 kJ

CaCl2 + Na2CO3

FIGURE 9.2

Compare both the energy level diagrams above. Your explanation should
include the following
(Bandingkan kedua-dua gambar rajah aras tenaga di atas. Penerangan
anda haruslah mengandungi perkara berikut.)

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(ii)

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ionic equations (persamaan ion)

type of chemical reactions (jenis tindak balas kimia)
energy content of reactants and products (kandungan tenaga bahan
dan hasil tindak balas)
[6 marks]

Based on Figure 9.1, calculate the change in temperature of the solution if

excess magnesium powder is added to 50 cm 3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 iron(II)
sulphate solution.
(Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1, hitung perubahan suhu larutan jika serbuk
magnesium berlebihan ditambah kepada 50 cm3 larutan ferum(II) sulfat
0.2 mol dm-3) .
[ Specific heat capacity of solution : 4.2 J g -1 oC-1]
[Muatan haba tentu larutan : 4.2 J g -1 oC -1 ]
[3 marks]

(b)

Explain why the heat of reaction between 1.0 mole of silver nitrate solution and
1.0 mole of sodium chloride solution is the same as the heat of reaction between
1.0 mole of silver nitrate solution and 0.5 mole of magnesium chloride solution.
(Terangkan mengapa haba tindak balas antara satu mol larutan argentum nitrat
dengan satu mol larutan natrium klorida sama dengan haba tindak balas antara
satu mol larutan argentum nitrat dengan 0.5 mol larutan magnesium klorida).
[4 marks]

(c)

A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of neutralisation for the
reaction between 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and 50 cm3 of
2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution.
(Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba
peneutralan bagi tindak balas antara 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 2.0 mol dm-3
dengan 50 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3.)
The following data was obtained: (Data berikut telah diperoleh:)
Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid = 30.2 oC
(Suhu awal asid hidroklorik)
Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution
(Suhu awal larutan natrium hidroksida)

= 30.2 oC

Highest temperature of the mixture of the solutions = 42.2 oC

(Suhu maksimum campuran larutan)
(i)

Calculate the heat of neutralisation for this reaction.

(Hitungkan haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas ini)
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g -1 oC -1]

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[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g -1 oC -1]

[3 marks]
(ii)

If the experiment is repeated using sulphuric acid to replace hydrochloric

acid and all other conditions are the same, predict the heat change. Explain
your answer.
(Jika eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik untuk
menggantikan asid hidroklorik tetapi semua keadaan lain adalah sama,
ramalkan perubahan haba yang dijangkakan.Terangkan jawapan anda)
[4 marks]

10

(a)

By using suitable examples, explain what are meant by empirical formula and
molecular formula.
(Dengan menggunakan contoh-contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apakah yang
dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan formula molekul).
[3 marks]

(b)

Caffeine in coffee has an empirical formula of C 4H5N2O. Given that the molar
mass of caffeine is 194 g mol -1, determine its molecular formula.
(Formula empirik bagi kafein yang terdapat dalam kopi adalah C 4H5N2O.
Tentukan formula molekul kafein jika jisim molar kafein ialah 194 g mol -1)
(Relative atomic mass: H,1 ; C,12; N,14; O,16)
[3 marks]

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(c)

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Metal X reacts actively with oxygen to form X oxide. Describe an experiment to

determine the empirical formula of X oxide. Your description should include the
calculations involved.
(Logam X bertindak balas cergas dengan oksigen untuk membentuk oksida X.
Huraikan bagaimana anda akan menjalankan eksperimen untuk menentukan
formula empirik oksida X. Huraian anda mestilah termasuk pengiraan yang
terlibat.)
(Relative atomic mass: O,16; X,65)
[11 marks]

(d)

Metal Y is below copper in the reactivity series. Can the same procedure in (c) be
used to determine the empirical formula of Y oxide? Explain your answer.
(Logam Y terletak di bawah kuprum dalam siri kereaktifan. Bolehkan kaedah
yang sama di (c) digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik oksida Y?
Terangkan jawapan anda.)
[3 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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