Section15.

12
Due:10:00amonTuesday,August11,2015
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

WaveandParticleVelocityVectorDrawing
Alongstringisstretchedanditsleftendisoscillatedupwardanddownward.Twopoints
onthestringarelabeledAandB.

PartA
andv ,to
PointsAandBareindicatedonthestring.Orientthetwovectors,v A
B
correctlyrepresentthedirectionofthewavevelocityatpointsAandB.

Rotatethegivenvectorstoindicatethedirectionofthewavevelocityatthe
indicatedpoints.

Hint1.Distinguishingbetweenwavevelocityandparticlevelocity
Awaveisacollectivedisturbancethat,typically,travelsthroughsome
medium,inthiscasealongastring.Thevelocityoftheindividualparticlesof
themediumarequitedistinctfromthevelocityofthewaveasitpasses
throughthemedium.Infact,inatransversewavesuchasawaveonastring,
thewavevelocityandparticlevelocitiesareperpendicular.

Hint2.Wavevelocity
Awaveonastretchedstringtravelsawayfromthesourceofthewavealong
thelengthofthestring.
ANSWER:

Correct

PartB
andv tocorrectlyrepresentthe
Attheinstantshown,orientthegivenvectorsv A
B
directionofthevelocityofpointsAandB.

AteachofthepointsAandB,rotatethegivenvectortoindicatethedirection
ofthevelocity.

Hint1.Distinguishingbetweenwavevelocityandparticlevelocity
Awaveisacollectivedisturbancethat,typically,travelsthroughsome
medium,inthiscasealongastring.Thevelocityoftheindividualparticlesof
themediumarequitedistinctfromthevelocityofthewaveasitpasses
throughthemedium.Infact,inatransversewavesuchasawaveonastring,

thewavevelocityandparticlevelocitiesareperpendicular.

Hint2.Determiningvelocityfromasnapshot
Thediagramrepresentsthepositionofasmallportionofthestringata
specificinstantoftime:asnapshotofthestringatthistime.Basedononlya
snapshot,youcannotdeterminethevelocityofanobject,suchasapointon
thestring.However,youalsoknowthattheleftendofthestringisthesource
ofthewavedisturbance.Fromthisinformationyoucandeducewhatisabout
tohappentopointAsposition,andfromthischangeinpositiondeducethe
directionofpointAsvelocity(andsimilarlyforpointB).

Hint3.FindthechangeinpointAsposition
Basedonthelocationofthesourceofthewave(theleftendofthestring),will
thewavecresttotheimmediateleftofpointAsoonraiseorlowerpointAs
position?
ANSWER:
raise
lower

Hint4.FindthechangeinpointBsposition
Basedonthelocationofthesourceofthewave(theleftendofthestring),will
thewavetroughtotheimmediateleftofpointBsoonraiseorlowerpointBs
position?
ANSWER:
raise
lower

ANSWER:

Correct

PropertiesofOceanWaves
Afishermannoticesthathisboatismovingupanddownperiodicallywithoutany
horizontalmotion,owingtowavesonthesurfaceofthewater.Ittakesatimeof2.90s for
theboattotravelfromitshighestpointtoitslowest,atotaldistanceof0.670m.The
fishermanseesthatthewavecrestsarespacedahorizontaldistanceof6.40mapart.

PartA
Howfastarethewavestraveling?
Expressthespeedv inmeterspersecondusingthreesignificantfigures.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Calculatetheperiodoftheoceanwaves,usingthefisherman'sobservations.
Then,usetheperiodandwavelengthtocalculatethespeedofthewaves.

Hint2.Calculatetheperiodofthewaves
CalculatetheperiodT oftheoceanwaves.
Expressyouranswerinsecondsusingthreesignificantfigures.

Hint1.Definitionofperiod
Theperiodofawaveisthetimeittakesforonefullwavelengthtopass
aparticularpoint.Thisisalsothetimeittakestogofromonecrestto
thenext,orfromonetroughtothenext.
ANSWER:
T

= 5.80 s

Hint3.Equationforthespeedofawave
Thespeedofawaveisgivenbyv = f ,wheref isthefrequencyofthe
wavesand =6.40misthewavelength.Thefrequencyissimplythe
reciprocaloftheperiod,orf = 1/T .
ANSWER:
v

= 1.10 m/s

Correct

PartB
WhatistheamplitudeAofeachwave?

Expressyouranswerinmetersusingthreesignificantfigures.

Hint1.Definitionofamplitude
Theamplitudeofawaveistheverticaldistancefromthetopofthecresttothe
neutralposition,halfwaybetweenthecrestandtrough.Equivalently,the
amplitudeistheverticaldistancefromthebottomofthetroughtotheneutral
position.
ANSWER:
A

= 0.335 m

Correct
Thefishermandoesnotsimplymoveupanddownasthewavespassby.Infact,
themotionofthefishermanwillberoughlycircularwithbothupwardandforward
components(withrespecttothedirectionofthewave)asthewaverisesand
downwardandbackwardcomponentsasthewavefalls.Thewaterthat
comprisestheoceanwaveitselfmovesinthissameway.Thus,anoceanwave
isnotapurelytransversewaveitalsohasalongitudinalcomponent.

Exercise15.4
Ultrasoundisthenamegiventofrequenciesabovethehumanrangeofhearing,whichis
about20000Hz.Wavesabovethisfrequencycanbeusedtopenetratethebodyandto
produceimagesbyreflectingfromsurfaces.Inatypicalultrasoundscan,thewavestravel
withaspeedof1500m/s.Foragooddetailedimage,thewavelengthshouldbenomore
than1.0mm.

PartA
Whatfrequencyisrequired?
ANSWER:
f

= 1.50106 Hz

Correct

Exercise15.5

PartA
Audiblewavelengths.Therangeofaudiblefrequenciesisfromabout20.0Hzto
2.00104Hz.Whatisrangeofthewavelengthsofaudiblesoundinair?
ANSWER:
min , max

= 1.72102,17.2 m

Correct

PartB
Visiblelight.Therangeofvisiblelightextendsfrom400nmto700nm.Whatisthe
rangeofvisiblefrequenciesoflight?
ANSWER:
f

min

, f

max

= 4.291014,7.501014 Hz

Correct

PartC
Brainsurgery.Surgeonscanremovebraintumorsbyusingacavitronultrasonic
surgicalaspirator,whichproducessoundwavesoffrequency23.0kHz.Whatisthe
wavelengthofthesewavesinair?
ANSWER:

= 1.50 cm

Correct

PartD
Soundinthebody.WhatwouldbethewavelengthofthesoundinpartCinbodily
fluidsinwhichthespeedofsoundis1480m/s,butthefrequencyisunchanged?
ANSWER:
s

= 6.43 cm

Correct

Exercise15.6
Afishermannoticesthathisboatismovingupanddownperiodically,owingtowaveson
thesurfaceofthewater.Ittakes2.90s fortheboattotravelfromitshighestpointtoits
lowest,atotaldistanceof0.670m.Thefishermanseesthatthewavecrestsarespaced
7.60mapart.

PartA
Howfastarethewavestraveling?
ANSWER:
v

= 1.31 m/s

Correct

PartB

Whatistheamplitudeofeachwave?
ANSWER:
A

= 0.335 m

Correct

PartC
Ifthetotalverticaldistancetraveledbytheboatwere0.400m,buttheotherdata
remainedthesame,howfastarethewavestraveling?
ANSWER:
v

= 1.31 m/s

Correct

PartD
Ifthetotalverticaldistancetraveledbytheboatwere0.400m,buttheotherdata
remainedthesame,whatistheamplitudeofeachwave?
ANSWER:
A

= 0.200 m

Correct

Exercise15.1
Thespeedofsoundinairat20 C is344m/s.

PartA
Whatisthewavelengthofasoundwavewithafrequencyof784Hz,corresponding
tothenoteG 5 onapiano?
ANSWER:

= 0.439 m

Correct

PartB
Howmanymillisecondsdoeseachvibrationtake?
ANSWER:
T

= 1.28 ms

Correct

PartC
WhatisthewavelengthofasoundwaveoneoctavehigherthanthenoteinpartA?
ANSWER:

= 0.219 m

Correct

Exercise15.2
Providedtheamplitudeissufficientlygreat,thehumanearcanrespondtolongitudinal
wavesoverarangeoffrequenciesfromabout20.0Hztoabout20.0kHz.

PartA
Ifyouweretomarkthebeginningofeachcompletewavepatternwithareddotfor
thelongwavelengthsound,howfarapartwouldthereddotsbe?
ANSWER:

= 17.2 m

Correct

PartB
Ifyouweretomarkthebeginningofeachcompletewavepatternwithabluedotfor
theshortwavelengthsound,howfarapartwouldthebluedotsbe?
ANSWER:

= 1.72 cm

Correct

PartC
Inrealitywouldadjacentreddotsbefarenoughapartforyoutoeasilymeasuretheir
separationwithameterstick?
ANSWER:
Yes
No

Correct

PartD

Inrealitywouldadjacentbluedotsbefarenoughapartforyoutoeasilymeasuretheir
separationwithameterstick?
ANSWER:
Yes
No

Correct

PartE
SupposeyourepeatedpartAinwater,wheresoundtravelsat1480m/s.Howfar
apartwouldthereddotsbe?
ANSWER:

= 74.0 m

Correct

PartF
SupposeyourepeatedpartAinwater,wheresoundtravelsat1480m/s.Howfar
apartwouldthebluedotsbe?
ANSWER:

= 7.40 cm

Correct

PartG
Couldyoureadilymeasuretheirseparationwithameterstick?

ANSWER:
Yes
No

Correct

Exercise15.3
OnDecember26,2004,agreatearthquakeoccurredoffthecoastofSumatraand
triggeredimmensewaves(tsunami)thatkilledsome200000people.Satellitesobserving
thesewavesfromspacemeasured800km fromonewavecresttothenextandaperiod
betweenwavesof1.0hour.

PartA
Whatwasthespeedofthesewavesinm/s?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
v

= 220 m/s

Correct

PartB
Whatwasthespeedofthesewavesinkm/h?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
v

= 800 km/h

Correct

PartC
Howdoesyouranswerhelpyouunderstandwhythewavescausedsuch
devastation?
ANSWER:
3646Character(s)remaining
wecannotjudgethesewaveslikeanearthquake.Thewave
comesatsuchahighspeedandwithsuchtransferredenergy
thatitcausessurprisingdevastation

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