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Homework 2 - Solutions
1
2 106 s
1
2 106 s
Since the system is in the inverted amplifier configuration, we know that the gain is given by
Zf b (s)
Vo (s)
105 (2 106 s) + 1
=
=
Vi (s)
Zf f (s)
5 105 (2 106 s) + 1
Vo (s)
0.2s + 1
=
Vi (s)
s+1
(b) Solution:
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5
+1
s
= 105
(s + 5)
s
Since the system is in the inverted amplifier configuration, we know that the gain is given by
Zf b (s)
s(s + 10)
Vo (s)
=
=
Vi (s)
Zf f (s)
(s + 5)2
(1)
X2 (s) =
(2)
2s4
X1 (s)
3s + 5
= 4
3
F (s)
2s + 17s + 44s2 + 45s + 20
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Solution: Write the differential equations for each energy storage element.
i2
dv1
=
dt
3
di3
vL
=
dt
2
" #
v1
Therefore the state vector is x =
. Now obtain vL and i2 in terms of the state variables,
i3
vL = v1 v2 = v1 3iR = v1 3(i3 + 4v1 ) = 11v1 3i3
1
1
1
i2 = i1 i3 = (vi v1 ) i3 = v1 i3 + vi
3
3
3
Also, the output is
y = iR = 4v1 + i3
Hence,
19
x =
11
2
13
x +
32
h
i
y= 4 1 x
" #
1
9
vi
(b) Find the state space representation of the network shown below if the output is vo (t).
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Solution: Let C1 be the grounded capacitor and C2 be the other. Now, writing the equations for
the energy storage components yields,
diL
= vi vC1
dt
dvC1
= i1 i2
dt
dvC2
= i2 i3
dt
(3)
(4)
(5)
iL
Thus the state vector is x = vC1 . Now, find the three loop currents in the terms of state variables
v C2
and the input. Writing KVL around Loop 2 yields
vC1 vC2 = i2
Writing KVL around the outer loop yields
i3 = vi i2 = vi vC1 + vC2
Also, i1 i3 = iL . Hence,
i1 = iL + i3 = iL + vi vC1 + vC2
Substituting the loop currents in Equations (3), (4) and (5), yields the results in vector-matrix form,
0 1 0
1
x = 1 2 2 x + 1 vi
0 2 2
1
Since v0 = i2 = vC1 vC2 , the output equation is
h
i
y = 0 1 1 x
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x =
0
0
0
h
c= 6
UC Berkeley
1 0
0
0
0
0
0 1
0
0
0 0
1
0 x +
0 r(t)
0 0
0
1
0
0 8 13 9
1
i
7 12 2 1 x
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