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Liquids (and Herbs and Spices)

Liquids can be converted to liters or milliliters with the following table. Small volumes (less
than about 1 fluid ounce or 2 tablespoons) of ingredients such as salt, herbs, spices, baking
powder, etc. should also be converted with this table. Do not use this table to convert other
non-liquid ingredients.
Volume Conversions: Normally used for liquids only
Customary quantity

Metric equivalent

1 teaspoon

5 mL

1 tablespoon or 1/2 fluid ounce

15 mL

1 fluid ounce or 1/8 cup

30 mL

1/4 cup or 2 fluid ounces

60 mL

1/3 cup

80 mL

1/2 cup or 4 fluid ounces

120 mL

2/3 cup

160 mL

3/4 cup or 6 fluid ounces

180 mL

1 cup or 8 fluid ounces or half a pint

240 mL

1 1/2 cups or 12 fluid ounces

350 mL

2 cups or 1 pint or 16 fluid ounces

475 mL

3 cups or 1 1/2 pints

700 mL

4 cups or 2 pints or 1 quart

950 mL

4 quarts or 1 gallon

3.8 L

Note: In cases where higher precision is not justified, it


may be convenient to round these conversions off as follows:
1 cup = 250 mL
1 pint = 500 mL
1 quart = 1 L
1 gallon = 4 L
Weight
Weights can be converted with the following table. Note that the ounces referred to in this
table are not the same as fluid ounces.

Weight Conversions
Customary quantity

Metric equivalent

1 ounce

28 g

4 ounces or 1/4 pound

113 g

1/3 pound

150 g

8 ounces or 1/2 pound

230 g

2/3 pound

300 g

12 ounces or 3/4 pound

340 g

1 pound or 16 ounces

450 g

2 pounds

900 g

Other non-liquid ingredients


Non-liquid ingredients specified in American recipes by volume (if more than about 2
tablespoons or 1 fluid ounce) should be converted to weight with the following table. If you
need to convert an ingredient that isn't in this table, the safest thing to do is to measure it
with a traditional measuring cup and then weigh the results with a metric scale. In a pinch,
you can use the volume conversion table, above.
Weights of common ingredients in grams
Ingredient

1
cup

3/4
cup

2/3
cup

1/2
cup

1/3
cup

1/4
cup

2
Tbsp

Flour, all purpose (wheat)

120
g

90 g

80 g

60 g

40 g

30 g

15 g

Flour, well sifted all purpose


(wheat)

110
g

80 g

70 g

55 g

35 g

27 g

13 g

Sugar, granulated cane

200
g

150 g

130 g

100 g

65 g

50 g

25 g

Confectioner's sugar (cane)

100
g

75 g

70 g

50 g

35 g

25 g

13 g

Brown sugar, packed firmly (but


not too firmly)

180
g

135 g

120 g

90 g

60 g

45 g

23 g

Corn meal

160
g

120 g

100 g

80 g

50 g

40 g

20 g

Corn starch

120
g

90 g

80 g

60 g

40 g

30 g

15 g

Rice, uncooked

190
g

140 g

125 g

95 g

65 g

48 g

24 g

Macaroni, uncooked

140
g

100 g

90 g

70 g

45 g

35 g

17 g

Couscous, uncooked

180
g

135 g

120 g

90 g

60 g

45 g

22 g

Oats, uncooked quick

90 g

65 g

60 g

45 g

30 g

22 g

11 g

Table salt

300
g

230 g

200 g

150 g

100 g

75 g

40 g

Butter

240
g

180 g

160 g

120 g

80 g

60 g

30 g

Vegetable shortening

190
g

140 g

125 g

95 g

65 g

48 g

24 g

Chopped fruits and vegetables

150
g

110 g

100 g

75 g

50 g

40 g

20 g

Nuts, chopped

150
g

110 g

100 g

75 g

50 g

40 g

20 g

Nuts, ground

120
g

90 g

80 g

60 g

40 g

30 g

15 g

Bread crumbs, fresh, loosely


packed

60 g

45 g

40 g

30 g

20 g

15 g

8g

Bread crumbs, dry

150
g

110 g

100 g

75 g

50 g

40 g

20 g

Parmesan cheese, grated

90 g

65 g

60 g

45 g

30 g

22 g

11 g

Length
Lengths may be converted with the following table. Keep in mind that 1 cm = 10 mm.
Length Conversions
Customary quantity

Metric equivalent

1/8 inch

3 mm

1/4 inch

6 mm

1/2 inch

13 mm

3/4 inch

19 mm

1 inch

2.5 cm

2 inches

5 cm

3 inches

7.6 cm

4 inches

10 cm

5 inches

13 cm

6 inches

15 cm

7 inches

18 cm

8 inches

20 cm

9 inches

23 cm

10 inches

25 cm

11 inches

28 cm

12 inches or 1 foot

30 cm

Temperature
The following converter (below) will convert back and forth between C and F. Just enter a
number in either field, then click outside the text box. Round off the results appropriately.
F
212

C
100

Finishing up
Now that you've converted all measurements to metric, you may want to consult the style
guide before sharing or publishing your recipe.
GLASSWARE
This list of glassware[1] includes drinking vessels (drinkware) and tableware used to set a
table for eating a meal, general glass items such as vases, and glasses used in the catering
industry, whether made of glass or plastics (such as polystyrene and polycarbonate). It does
not includelaboratory glassware.

Tumblers are flat-bottomed drinking glasses.

Collins glass, for a tall mixed drink[5]

Dizzy Cocktail glass, a glass with a wide, shallow bowl, comparable to a normal
Cocktail glass but without the stem

Highball glass, for mixed drinks

Iced tea glass

Juice glass, for fruit juices and vegetable juices.

Old Fashioned glass, traditionally, for a simple cocktail or liquor "on the rocks".

[6]

Contemporary American "rocks" glasses may be much larger, and used for a variety of
beverages over ice

Shot glass, a small glass for up to four ounces of liquor. The modern shot glass has a
thicker base and sides than the older whiskey glass

Table-glass or stakan granyonyi

Water glass

Whiskey tumbler, a small, thin-walled glass for a straight shot of liquor

Beer glassware[edit]

Whisky tasting glass


Main article: Beer glassware

Beer stein large mug traditionally with a hinged lid

Pilsner glass, for pale lager

Pint glass, for an Imperial pint of beer or cider

Pony glass, for a 140ml of beer, a "short" or "small" beer

Tankard

Wheat beer glass, for wheat beer (Weizenbier)

Yard glass, a very tall, conical beer glass, with a round ball base, usually hung on a
wall when empty

New Zealand beer glasses[edit]

Handle 425mL New Zealand beer glass

Jug 7501000mL served at pubs in New Zealand

Australian beer glasses[edit]


Main article: Australian beer Beer glasses

Middy 285mL (10 fl. oz.) Australian beer glass (New South Wales)

Glass 200mL (7 fl. oz.) Australian beer glass (Queensland & Victoria)

Pot 285mL (10 fl. oz.) Australian beer glass (Queensland & Victoria).

Schooner 425mL (15 fl. oz.) Australian beer glass, 285 mL (10 fl. oz.) in South
Australia

Stemware[edit]

A stem glass
Main article: Stemware

Absinthe glass

Chalice (goblet), an ornate stem glass, especially one for ceremonial purposes

Champagne coupe, a stem glass with a wide, shallow bowl, for champagne (similar to
a cocktail glass)

Champagne flute, a stem glass with a tall, narrow bowl, for champagne

Cocktail glass, a stem glass with a wide, shallow bowl, for cocktails

Fountain glass, a tall fluted stem glass common in soda fountains, family
restaurants and 24-hour diner-style restaurants for milkshakes and ice cream sodas

Glencairn whisky glass, a wide bowl with a narrow mouth, similar to a snifter's, but
with a shorter, sturdier base, designed for whisky [7]

Hurricane glass (Poco Grande glass)

Margarita glass (variant of Champagne coupe)

Sherbet, a stem glass for ice cream or sherbet

Sherry glass

Snifter, a liquor glass with a short stem and a wide bowl that narrows at the top, for
brandy and liquor

Wine glass, a stem glass

Other[edit]

A variety of drinking glasses

Art glass, glassware that is modern art

Glass container, container made from glass

Laboratory glassware, a variety of equipment, traditionally made of glass, used for


scientific experiments

Pitcher, a container, usually with a spout for pouring its contents

Punch bowl, a bowl that punch is put in, generally used in parties

Vase, an open container often used to hold flowers

COLLINS GLASS

TABLE GLASS

PINT GLASS

HIGHBALL GLASS

OLD FASHIONED GLASS

BEER STEIN

PONY GLASS

TANKARD

SHOT GLASS

PILSNER GLASS

WHEAT BEER GLASS YARD GLASS

ABSINTHE GLASS

COCKTAIL GLASS

MARGARITA GLASS

CHALICE

CHAMPAGNE COUPE

GLENCAIM WHISKY GLASS

SHERRY GLASS

CHAMPAGNE FLUTE

HURRICANE GLASS

SNIFTER

WINE GLASS

BANQUET, FUNCTION AND CATERING


SERVICE PROCEDURE (BANCASP)
JENELYN B. MERIN

CAM-HRS-M31

SIR. OMAR, PALAO

LINEN WARE
Linen /lnn/ is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is
laborious to manufacture, but the fiber is very absorbent and garments made of linen are
valued for their exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather.
Many products are made of linen: aprons, bags, towels (swimming, bath, beach, body and
wash towels), napkins, bed linens, tablecloths, runners, chair covers, and men's and
women's wear.
The word linen is of West Germanic origin and cognate to the Latin name for the flax
plant, linum, and the earlier Greek (linn). This word history has given rise to a number
of other terms in English, most notably line, from the use of a linen (flax) thread to
determine a straight line.
Textiles in a linen weave texture, even when made of cotton, hemp and other non-flax fibers,
are also loosely referred to as "linen". Such fabrics generally also have their own specific
names, for example fine cotton yarn in a linen-style weave is called Madapolam.
The collective term "linens" is still often used generically to describe a class
of woven or knitted bed, bath, table and kitchen textiles traditionally made of linen. In the
past, "linens" also referred to lightweight undergarments such as shirts, chemises,
waistshirts,lingerie (a word also cognate with linen), and detachable shirt collars and cuffs,

all of which were historically made almost exclusively out of linen. The inner layer of fine
composite cloth garments (as for example jackets) was traditionally made of linen, hence
the wordlining.[1]
Linen textiles appear to be some of the oldest in the world: their history goes back many
thousands of years. Fragments of straw, seeds, fibers, yarns, and various types of fabrics
dating to about 8000 BC have been found in Swiss lake dwellings. Dyed flax fibers found in a
prehistoric cave in Georgia suggest the use of woven linen fabrics from wild flax may date
back even earlier to 36,000BP.[2][3]
Linen was sometimes used as currency in ancient Egypt. Egyptian mummies were wrapped
in linen as a symbol of light and purity, and as a display of wealth. Some of these fabrics,
woven from hand-spun yarns, were very fine for their day, but are coarse compared to
modern linen.[4] Today, linen is usually an expensive textile produced in relatively small
quantities. It has a long "staple" (individual fiber length) relative to cotton and other natural
fibers.

HOLLOW WARE
Holloware (hollowware, or hollow-ware

[1]

) is tableware such as sugar

bowls, creamers, coffee pots, teapots, soup tureens, hot food covers, water jugs, platters,
butter pat plates, and other metal items that went with the dishware on a table. It does not
include flatware. Holloware was constructed to last a long time. It differs from some other
silverplated items in being made with thicker walls and more layers of silverplate.
Dining car holloware is a type of railroad collectible (railroadiana). The relative value of
pieces depends on their scarcity, age and condition, and the popularity of the trains the
items were used on.
Holloware is the traditional gift in the UK[2] and the modern gift in the US[3] for the
16th wedding anniversary. Holloware is the traditional gift for jubilee or wedding in Russia.

CHINA WARE
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including kaolin, in
a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 and 1,400 C (2,200 and 2,600 F). The toughness,
strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises mainly
from vitrification and the formation of the mineral mullite within the body at these high
temperatures.
Porcelain derives its present name from the old Italian porcellana (cowrie shell) because of
its resemblance to the translucent surface of the shell.[1] Porcelain can informally be referred
to as china or fine china in some English-speaking countries, as China was the birthplace
of porcelain making.[2] Properties associated with porcelain include
low permeability and elasticity;
considerable strength,hardness, toughness, whiteness, translucency and resonance; and a
high resistance to chemical attack and thermal shock.
Porcelain has been described as being "completely vitrified, hard, impermeable (even before
glazing), white or artificially coloured, translucent (except when of considerable thickness),
and resonant." However, the term porcelain lacks a universal definition and has "been

applied in a very unsystematic fashion to substances of diverse kinds which have only
certain surface-qualities in common"

TABLE WARE
Tableware is the dishes or dishware used for setting a table, serving food and dining. It
includes cutlery, glassware, serving dishes and other useful items for practical as well as
decorative purposes.[1][2] The quality, nature, variety and number of objects varies according
to culture, religion, number of diners, cuisine and occasion. For example, Middle Eastern,
Indian or Polynesian food culture and cuisine sometimes limits tableware to serving dishes,
using bread or leaves as individual plates. Special occasions are usually reflected in higher
quality tableware.[3]
"Dinnerware" is another term used to refer to tableware and "crockery" refers to ceramic
dishes in everyday use as differentiated them from the fine porcelain and bone
china produced by makers such as Svres in France, Meissen in Germany, Royal
Copenhagen in Denmark, Royal Doulton in England, or Belleek Pottery in Ireland.[4] Sets of
dishes are referred to as a table service, dinner service or service set. Table settings or place
settings are the dishes, cutlery and glassware used for formal and informal dining. In Ireland
such items are normally referred to as delph, the word being an English language phonetic
spelling of the word delft, the town from which so much delftware came. Silver service or
butler service are methods for a butler or waiter to serve a meal.
Setting the table refers to arranging the tableware, including individual place settings for
each diner at the table as well as decorating the table itself in a manner suitable for the
occasion. Tableware and table decoration is typically more elaborate for special occasions.
Unusual dining locations demand tableware be adapted.

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