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FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

SBSC 1103
Basic Science
SEPTEMBER 2014

STUDENT NAME

: MEGAT KHAIRUL HAFIZ BIN MOHD MOHAIDIN

MATRICULATION NO

: 911229065193001

IDENTITY CARD NO

: 911229 06 5193

TELEPHONE NO

: 0179634626

E-MAIL

: mr.megat@ymail.com

LEARNING CENTRE

: PAHANG LEARNING CENTRE

QUESTION 1
a) A kilogram of water at 20 C is placed in the freezer and its temperature is
brought to 0 C.
Given: Specific heat of water = 4190 J/kgK;
Latent heat of fusion of water= 333000 J/kg
Calculate,
i)

How much thermal energy was transferred, if none of the water has turned
into ice?
Q=Heat loss by the water as it cools 20 0
Q=mc T

Q=1 kg 4190

J
( 200 ) K
kgK

Q=1 kg 4190

J
( 200 ) K
kgK

Q=83800 J

ii)

How much thermal energy was transferred in freezing the water if the water is
placed back in the freezer until it completely turns into ice?
As latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat required for the phase change from
solid to liquid or vice versa, hence;
Q=m Lf

Q=1 kg 333000
Q=333000 J

J
kg

b) You have one kilogram each of copper, wood, and water (all at the same
temperature). Arrange the sample from lowest to highest temperature after 100
Joules of energy is added to each sample. Explain your answer.
Theoretically, specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to
raise 1kg of the substance by 1K. The specific heat capacity of copper, wood and
water are 400, 1700 and 4190 J/kgK respectively. Based on these values, copper needs
only small amount of energy to rise a kilogram of its substance by 1K compared to
wood and water. Hence after 100 Joules of energy is added to these samples, copper
will have highest rise in temperature in comparison to other. Therefore, the
arrangement of sample from lowest to highest temperature is water, wood and copper.
(10 marks)

QUESTION 2
Explain with examples, why
a) Atomic radius increases as you go down the group and decreases as you go across
a period?
In Group 1 of periodic table, lithium (Li) and sodium (Na) have the atomic number 3
and 11 respectively. So as going down the group, the atomic number of the elements
increases. This gives effects to the increasing the principal quantum number in the
atom as well as electron shielding effect. In other words, increases in atomic number
increases the number of electron layers surround the nucleus thus increases the
shielding effect. So that, the pull of outermost electron by the nucleus decreases thus
the atomic radius increased. Next, the atomic radius across the period decreases
because shielding electron remains constant as only the valence electrons that increase
not the number of electrons layer. As example, sodium (Na) and aluminium (Al) are in
the same period where the number of electron are 11 and 13 respectively. These two
elements have the same number of electron layers but differs in number of valence
electrons. Across the period, number of proton present in nucleus also increases.
Henceforth, the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) on the valence electrons will increases.
So that, the effective nuclear charge will pull the valence electrons closer to the
nucleus and the atomic radii will decrease.
b) The main trend for first ionization energy to increase across periods?
the value of first electron affinity of oxygen (-142 kJ/mol) smaller than that of
fluorine (-328 kJ/mol)?
Ionization energy can be defined as the minimum energy required to remove an
electron from a neutral atom in the gaseous state. Based on statement above, fluorine
have higher first ionization energy due to few factor. Firstly is regarding the size of
atom. Across the period, the size of atom decreases which means size of fluorine is
smaller than oxygen. Smaller atom has greater attraction between outermost electron
and the nucleus thus increases the first ionization energy across period. Next, the
ionization energy also related to the electron affinity of particular atom. Electron
affinity is the tendency of an atom to accept an electron. As stated, the value of first
electron affinity of oxygen in smaller than fluorine. Thus, fluorine in Group 7 of
periodic table has a greater tendency to attract another electron and achieve a stable
electron configuration. This cause the fluorine less likely to lose electron compared to
oxygen and make the its ionization energy greater than that oxygen.

QUESTION 3
For the following reaction
2Al (s) + 3Cl2 (g) 2 AlCl3 (s)
i)
ii)

obtain the limiting reagent.


the theoretical yield of AlCl3.

when 2.00 mole of Cl2 (g) is reacted with 54.3 g of Al (s).


I. The mole of aluminium;
mole=

mass
molar mass

mole=

54.3 g
27 gmol1

mole=2.01 mole 2.00 mole

Next, 2.00 mole of Al, produced 2 mole AlCl 3, meanwhile for 2.00 mole of Cl 2
produced 1.33 mole AlCl3. As Cl2 produces the least product, Cl2 is the limiting
reactant.
II. The theoretical yield is calculated based on the limiting reactant. As Cl 2 is the limiting
reactant, thus the theoretical yield of AlCl3 is 1.33 mole.
iii)

Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving the

theoritical yield of AlCl3 in 750.0 mL of solution.


Molarity=

Molarity=

mole of solute
volume of solution
1.33 mol
750
L
1000

Molarity=1.77

mol
=1.77 M
L

(Given: Atomic mass of Al = 27 ; Cl = 35.5)


(10 marks)

QUESTION 4
a) Polyethylene exists either as a linear (straight-chain) polymer or as a branched
polymer. Which is the high density form? Explain.
Basically, polyethylene can exists either as a linear polymer or as a branched polymer.
In these, polyethylene exists in linear polymer is in high density form. This is because
absence of branching wills results in closely packed packed structure due to stronger
intermolecular force with higher density.
b) Draw how the following monomer can be polymerized. What type of
Polymerization method is used?

Figure 1: Condensation Reaction


Type of polymeration used is condensation polymeration reaction that also known as
removal of water hence in other hand produces water, H2O as byproducts.
c) Draw how monomer H2C=CH2 can be polymerized. What type of polymerization
is method is used?
H

H
n
H

Figure 2: Polymerization of ethene


Based on figure above, the type of polymerization is addition polymerization.
(10 marks)

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