Network protocol

A set of code (rules) that written to transport information in a certain way. These
protocols are services that are developed to translate, decode and decipher and
transport information across the wire.
Network standard
A network standard is a reference model to make sure hardware of different
companies can work together in a network. The International Organization for
Standardization lays out these standards.
OSI 7 layer
(Open System Intercom)
OSI model defines network framework to implement protocols in 7 layers
Referencing model.
Application Layer 7: Supports applications and end user processes
Presentation Layer 6: provides independence from differences in data
representation, encryption for example, by translating it to network format
Session Layer 5: Establishes, manages and terminates connections between
applications
Transport Layer 4: Transports data between systems or hosts
Network Layer 3: Provides switching and routing services by creating local paths
also known as vital connections
Data Link Layer 2: At this layer data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It
creates transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the
physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization.
Physical Layer 1: Provides hardware with means of sending data on a carrier,
includes defining cables, cards and physical aspects. Fast Ethernet, RS232 and ATM
are protocols with physical layer components.

TCP-IP 4 Layer Model

Application layer 4: This layer is comparable to the application, presentation, and
session layers of the OSI model all combined into one. It provides a way for
applications to have access to networked services. This layer also uses high layer
protocols such as TCP and UDP
Transport Layer 3: This layer acts as the delivery service used by the application
layer. Again the two protocols used are TCP and UDP.
Internet Layer 2: The routing and delivery of data is the responsibility of this layer
and is the key component of this architecture. It allows communication across
networks of the same and different types and carries out translations to deal with
dissimilar data addressing schemes. It injects packets into any network and deliver
them to the destination independently to one another.
Network Access Layer 1: This combination of the Data Link and Physical layers of
the OSI model which consists of the actual hardware. This includes wires, network
interface cards, and more.
Terms
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - enables two to establish a connection and
exchange streams of data.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - offering a direct way to send and receive
datagrams over an IP network with very few error recovery services.
http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~icucart/networking_basics/4LayersofTCPIPModel.html