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29 September 2012

Advantages of 3 Phase System Compared to Single Phase System

Three phase system is widely used in
generation, transmission and distribution. Single
phase system is only used to operate small
electrical appliances at consumer ends where
the power rating is very less. Some of the
advantages of three phase system or poly
phase systems compared to single phase
system is explained below
Advantages of three phase system:

The output of 3 phase machine is always

greater than single phase machine of
same
size.
The
output
will be
approximately 1.5 times than single phase
machine. So for given size and voltage 3
phase alternator or electrical machines occupy less space and less cost compared to
single phase machine having same rating

For transmission of electrical power three phase supply requires less copper or less
conducting material than that of single phase system for given volt-amperes and
voltage ratings. Hence 3 phase system is more economical compared to single phase
system
Single phase machines are not self starting machines. On the other hand three phase
machines are self starting due to rotating magnetic field. Therefore in order to start a
single phase machine an auxiliary device is required which not in the case of 3 phase
machine.
Power factor of single phase machines is poor compared to three phase machines.

In single phase system the instantaneous power is function of time. Hence fluctuates
with respect to time. The fluctuating power will cause significant vibrations in the single
phase machines. Hence performance of single phase machines is poor.
While instantaneous symmetrical three phase system is always constant
Three phase system gives steady output

Single phase system can be obtained from three phase supply system, vice-versa is
not possible

For converting systems like rectifiers, the dc voltage waveform becomes more
smoother with the increase in the number of phases of the system. Hence three phase
system is advantageous compared to single phase system
3 phase motors will have uniform torque whereas single phase motors will have
pulsating torque
Parallel operation of three phase generators will be simple compared to single phase
generators because of pulsating reaction in single phase generator

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