UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

PROCESS SIMULATION LABORATORY
(CPE613)

NAME
ID STUDENT
EXPERIMENT
DATE PERFORMED
SEMESTER
PROGRAM
SUBMIT TO

No.
1
2
3
4

: FIERA NADILAH BINTI SUHAIMI

: (2013236696)
: PRODUCTION OF ETHYL CHLORIDE
:
:5
: EH 221 5A
: DR. RAHIDA WATI

Title
Procedure
Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Workbook
Questions & Discussions
TOTAL MARKS

Allocated Marks (%)

Marks

10
20
30
40
100

Remarks:

Checked by:

Rechecked by:

------------------------------(
)
Date:

---------------------------------(
)
Date:

TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE

1. PROCEDURE

2. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

3. WORKBOOK / STREAM SUMMARY

4. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

3-4

6-7

5. DISCUSSION

9-10

6. CONCLUSION

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1. PROCEDURE
1. Firstly, a new ICON windows is started
2. Then, an Advanced Peng-Robinson property package for the thermodynamic model
is selected.

Figure 1: Advanced Peng-Robinson

3. The Components tab is selected to add the component and being applied which are
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
Ethylene (C2H4)
Ethyl Chloride (C2H5Cl)
Nitrogen (N2)

Figure 2: Selection of Components

4. The simulation is started where a material stream feed of Ammonia and Water is
created by the main flow sheet.
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5. The Feed material stream are selected and composed using the details below
50 mole% of Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
48 mole% of Ethylene (C2H4)
2 mole% of Nitrogen (N2)
Flowrate
: 100 kmol/hr
Temperature : 25 C
Pressure
: 101.325 kPa
Assume that there is no pressure drop in all equipment used
The system is operated at atmospheric pressure
6. The Feed stream are connected to the Reactor to convert the reaction.
7. 90% of conversion are added to the reactions in the reactor conversion.
8. The reactor is then connected to the Component Splitter with the overhead stream
(S2) and the bottom stream (S3)
9. The bottom stream is connected to the splitter that consist of the Purge Stream and
the Recycle Stream.
10. It is assume that a perfect separation is achievable where the overhead product is
totally pure ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl). Therefore a mixer is added to the system.
11. In order to prevent the accumulation of inert in the system, 10 kmol/hr is withdrawn in
the purge stream.
12. The balance are being recycled to the feed stream where a mixer are added to the
system as shown in the Process Flow Diagram Section in page 5.

2. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

FIGURE WITHOUT MIXER

FIGURE WITH MIXER

3. WORKBOOK / STREAM SUMMARY TABLE

SUMMARY TABLE 1: SYSTEM WITHOUT THE MIXER

SUMMARY TABLE 2: SYSTEM WITH THE MIXER

4. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

What are the mole fractions for each component at the effluent of the reactor?
WITHOUT MIXER
Hydrogen Chloride
Ethylene
Nitrogen
Ethyl Chloride
TOTAL

Fraction
0.11972
0.08451
0.03521
0.76056
1.00

Kmol/h
6.80
4.80
2.00
43.20
56.80

WITH MIXER
Hydrogen Chloride
Ethylene
Nitrogen
Ethyl Chloride
TOTAL

Fraction
0.12662
0.08297
0.04365
0.74675
1.00

Kmol/h
7.55
4.94
2.60
44.50
59.59

What is the Flowrate of the recycle stream?

Hydrogen Chloride
Ethylene
Nitrogen
Ethyl Chloride
TOTAL

Fraction
0.50000
0.32763
0.17237
0.0000
1.00

Kmol/h
2.05
1.34
0.70
0.00
4.09

What is the Flowrate of the final product after recycling?

Hydrogen Chloride
Ethylene
Nitrogen
Ethyl Chloride
TOTAL

Fraction
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.0000
1.00

Kmol/h
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
45.50
45.50

5. DISCUSSION
In this experiment, a simulation of production of ethyl chloride from mixing 50 mol% of
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl), 48 mol% of Ethylene (C2H4) and 2 mol% of Nitrogen (N2) was
carried out by using iCON simulation software with feed flowrate of 100kmol/hr at 1 atm. The
thermodynamics models instructed to be used for this simulation are Advanced PengRobinson property package. This model is used for understanding the effect of model
calculation and the output details of the products.
The thermodynamic model were also known as the equation of state that describe
the state of matter under a certain set of physical conditions. The equation are constitutive
that provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state of function that
associated with the matter such as temperature, pressure, volume and internal energy. In
this simulation, it is assume that the process is operated at atmospheric pressure and
pressure drops are ignored.
Ethyl Chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of C 2H5Cl was
used as a refrigerant, an aerosol spray propellant, an anesthetic and a blowing agent for
foam packaging. It is mostly used in pharmaceutical to control pain associated with injection
for minor surgical procedure and temporary relief of minor sport injuries.
This main objectives of this simulation is to install and converge a conversion reactor,
to simulate a process involving reaction and separation as well as to use recycle operation.
Assumption that was made are no pressure drop in all equipment then the entire component
is fed to a conversion reactor where 90% conversion were to achieve. For the initial mole
flowrate without the mixer and with the mixture of each component are as the table below
WITHOUT MIXER
Hydrogen Chloride
Ethylene
Nitrogen
Ethyl Chloride
TOTAL

Fraction
0.11972
0.08451
0.03521
0.76056
1.00

Kmol/h
6.80
4.80
2.00
43.20
56.80

WITH MIXER
Hydrogen Chloride
Ethylene
Nitrogen
Ethyl Chloride
TOTAL

Fraction
0.12662
0.08297
0.04365
0.74675
1.00

Kmol/h
7.55
4.94
2.60
44.50
59.59

The product from distillation column is then passes through the splitter to divide the product
to the product stream and the unreacted reactant to the recycle stream. There are small
amount of product that have been recycle back. There is an increment for each of the
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component where the HCl increases from 6.80 kmol/h to 7.55 kmol/hr, C2H4 shown an
increment from 4.80 kmol/hr to 4.95 kmol/hr and nitrogen with 2.00 kmol/hr to 2.60 kmol/hr
respectively. At the end of the production, it shows that there are increment of production of
ethyl chloride from 43.20kmol/hr to 44.50 kmol/hr.

6. CONCLUSION
As the conclusion, this simulation work is successfully done. The main objective of this
simulation is to install and converge a conversion reactor, to simulate a process involving
reaction and separation as well as to use recycle operation were achieved. The mole fraction
of each component before the recycle stream were added are 0.5 HCl, 0.48 C2H4 and 0.02
nitrogen and none of the Ethyl Chloride (C2H5Cl). After the recycle effluent was added the
mole fraction for each component at the feed stream are 0.5 HCl, 0.47501 C 2H4 and 0.02490
for nitrogen respectively.

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