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Competitive Exams: Glossary of Computer Science- Examrace

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Address: Number given to a memory location for identification

Commerce

ALU: Arithmetic logical unit

Computer Science

Application: A procedure to be run on a computer

Earth Sciences

Applications Package: A standard set of programs to run a procedure

Economics

Arithmetic Unit: Part of the GPU where arithmetic is carried out (also called ALU)

Education

Assembler: Program to translate a low-level language into machine language

Electrical Engineering

Batch: A set of transactions awaiting processing, hence

Electronics

Batch Processing: Processing a batch of transactions

English

BCD: Binary coded decimal, a method of representing numeric data

English Literature

Bit: Binary digit, 0 or 1 on the binary scale

Environmental Science

Bureau: Organization hiring out computer time

Byte: Group of eight bits
Central Processing Unit: The memory, ALU and control unit
Check Digit: Additional digit added to a code to check its accuracy
Code: Unique identifier of an item, also a program instruction
Coding: Writing program instructions
Collating: Gathering together transactions relating to the same record
Compiler: Program to translate a high-level language into machine language
Control Unit: Part of CPU, used to control the activities of the computer
CPU: Central Processing Unit
Data Control: Task of ensuring that all data is properly processed
Data Preparation: Converting data to machine-readable form
Desk Check: Method of testing program logic
Direct Access: Capability of accessing and record in a file without accessing the complete file
Disc: Direct Access Storage Device
Diskette: Direct Access Storage Device
Documentation: Flowcharts, diagrams and narrative explaining a program
Dry Run: Similar to desk check
File: A series of records
File Storage Device: A means of storing files
Floppy: Diskette
Flowchart: A method of expressing logic
GIGO: Garbage in, garbage out are the result of errors input data
Hardware: The machinery of the computer, CPU and peripherals
High-Level Language: Language in which thebprocedures to be carried out are expressed in terms familiar to the
user, e. g. English, or mathematical formulae
Hit Rate: The ratio of transactions to records
Information Retrieval: Obtaining information from files

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Competitive Exams: Glossary of Computer Science- Examrace

Input: Data to be used for processing, hence
Input Device: Device to transfer such data to the CPU
Instruction: Program coding which causes the computer to take some action
Interpreter: Program to translate a high-level language into machine language used when the program is translated
each time it is run
IAS: Instant access store, alternative name for memory
Job Assembly: Task of putting together all items required by the operators to run a job
Job Control Language: Programming language used to instruct the operating system
Jump: Capability of altering the sequence of processing depending on the result of a test
Key: Part of a record used to identify the record e. g. For sorting
Language: Set of instructions available to the programmer for writing a program
Logic Unit: Part of the CPU where logical operations are carried out
Low-Level Language: Programming language using computer functions to specify the logic of a procedure (e. g. Highlevel language)
Machine Language: Program instructions in binary form as required by the computer
Mainframe: Largest type of computer configuration
Master File: A set of records permanently maintained for processing e. g. Employee file
Memory: Pail of the CPU used for storing data and programs
Microcomputer: Very small computer with limited facilities
Microsecond: One millionth of a second
Millisecond: One thousandth of a second
Minicomputer: Computer of intermediate size between a microcomputer and a mainframe
Nanosecond: One thousand millionth of a second
Operating System: Program, usually provided by the manufacturer, for making the computer work
Output: Results obtained from processing, hence
Output Device: Peripheral unit capable of writing or displaying output
Package: See applications package
Parity: Odd parity or even parity, methods of checking the accuracy of transfer of data between locations in the
computer configuration
Peripheral: Device attached to the CPU but not part of it
Processing Cycle: The cycle of input, process, output, common to most procedures
Program: Set of instructions to the computer
Punching: Turning data into a machine-readable form
Record: Collections of an item e. g. An item of stock
Software: The complete range of programs available for a computer
Sorting: Using a key to place records in ascending or descending order
Storage Medium: Means of storing data e. g. Magnetic tapes and discs
Structured Programming: Method of expressing the logical relationship of program modules
Syntax: Permitted words, symbols and constructions in a programming language
Systems Analysis: A study of the way in which a procedure is carried out:
Systems Specification: Written report of the analysis of system or procedure
Telecommunications: Passing data to a computer over telephone (or similar) lines
Terminal: For communicating/with a computer
Test Data: A set of data provided to test the correct working of a system or program
Transaction: Data relating to an occurrence which causes the master file to be merited e. g. Hours worked this week,
hence
Transaction Processing: Altering the master file as the occurrence happens of each processing
Updating: Process of amending data in the master file by a transaction
Utility: Program to perform processing functions common to most programs
Validation: Process of ensuring that all feasible steps are taken to check the accuracy of input data
VDU: Visual Display Unit, peripheral for displaying output and other data

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Verifying: Processing of checking data when it has been punched
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