Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/
info/about/policies/terms.jsp
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content
in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship.
For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
Institute for Palestine Studies and University of California Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and
extend access to Journal of Palestine Studies.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
PALESTINTANSAND JEWISH
~~HISTORY:RECOGNITION OR
SUBMISSION?
JOSEPHMASSAD
linkageofthe
ThisarticleexploresvariousaspectsofIsrael'simplicit
Jewishholocaustwithitsrightto existand Palestinianand Arab responsesto thatlinkage.ThePLO'spositioninparticularis examined
equationofArab and Palestinian
in detail,as is Israel'srhetorical
leaderswithNazis. Thearticlealso examinesEdwardSaid'sposition
debatein theArabicpress.
on thetopic,whichgeneratedconsiderable
EVER SINCE ZIONISM EMBARKED
ZionprojectinPalestine,
on itscolonial-settler
is assistant
professor
of modemArabpolitics
and intellectual
history
at
He is also assistant
ColumbiaUniversity.
editoratJPS.Hisbook NationalIdentity/National
from
Culture:TheJuridicaland Military
Bases ofJordanianNationalismis forthcoming
Columbia University
Press. An earlierversion of this paper was presentedat the
GeorgetownUniversity
conference"Rethinking
MuslimsandJews"in February2000.
JOSEPH MASSAD
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
53
TheHolocaustcommitted
againstthePeopleofIsraelinrecenttimes,during
whichmillions
ofJewswereslaughtered
in Europe,againprovedmanifestly
thenecessity
ofa solutiontotheproblemoftheJewishpeople,who lacka homelandand independence.
The solutionis therenewalofthe
JewishstateinIsrael,whichwillopenwidethegatesofthe
homelandto everyJewandwhichwillgranteveryJewthe
statusof a people withequal rightsamongthefamilyof
nations.
In thissame vein,MosheSharett
statedthat"theZionistsdo notmeanto
exploitthehorrible
oftheJewsofEurope... buttheycannotrefrain
tragedy
fromemphasizing
thefactthateventshavetotally
proventheZionistpositionon thesolutionoftheJewishproblem.
Zionismpredicted
theHolocaust
decadesago."'
TheJewishholocaust,
therefore,
couldbe apprehended
onlythrough
the
mediationof Zionismand Israel.Israelinsistedon freezing
themomentat
whichtheholocaustsurvivors
becamesuch.The factthatthePalestinians
encountered
themas colonialsettlers
is immaterial
to Zionistdiscourse.As
publicdiscourseon theJewishholocaust,whichlay dormant
fortwo dein the 1960s,and increasingly
cades,was resurrected
as of the 1970s,by
IsraelandbyAmerican
Jewsas an argument
tobe deployedintheideological defenseofIsraelanditsviolenceagainstthePalestinian
peopleandother
neighboring
Arabstates,Palestinians
and otherArabswere calledupon to
accepttheJewishholocaustand Israel's"right
to exist"as a packagedeal.
David Ben-Gurion
unequivocally
assertedaftertheholocaust,"TheJewish
Stateis theheirofthesix-million
... theonlyheir.... Iftheyhad lived,the
In late1942,afternews
ofthemwouldhavecometo Israel."2
greatmajority
of theJewishholocaustbegan to reachtheworld,Ben-Gurion
expressed
if
Zionism'sappropriative
is power, channeledin a prostrategy:
"Tragedy
is thatit knowshow to
ductivedirection.
The essenceof Zioniststrategy
ourcatastrophe
notintoa sourceofdespairand paralysis,
as did
transform
and spiritedness."3
theDiaspora,butintoa springofcreativity
and Arabsto Israel'slinkagehas varied.
The responseof Palestinians
intotheZionistideologicaltrap,reasonedthatifacceptingthe
Some,falling
to be a colonial-settler
racist
JewishholocaustmeantacceptingIsrael'sright
The PLO,on
state,thentheholocaustmustbe deniedoratleastquestioned.
and journalists,
theotherhand,alongwithmanyArabintellectuals
actively
sought,inwordand deed,to delinkthetwoeventsand to viewtheJewish
holocaustoutsideZionism'smediation.
These attempts
at delinkagewere
and are stillcondemnedbyZionismand itssupporters,
as is thePalestinian
insistence
thattheholocaustsurvivors
lefttheshoresofEuropeas refugees
butarrivedon theshoresofPalestineas armedcolonialsettlers.
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
54
OF
JOURNAL
PALESTINE
STUDIES
LOSS
SuRViivoRs'
GAIN,PALESTINIANS'
andArabslinktheholocaustwithIsrael's
thatPalestinians
Whileinsisting
and theIsraelistatehave untiltoday
rightto exist,theZionistmovement
consistently
refusedto acknowledgethe organiclinkbetweenZionism's
itssuccessvisitedon thePalhistory
history
and thecatastrophic
successful
history
notseen as
estinianpeople.Notonlyis muchofmodernPalestinian
more
havingbeen set in motionby Zionism'scolonialclaimsto Palestine,
on Zionism,
totheextentthatitforceditself
history,
Palestinian
importantly,
indeed
ofEuropeananti-Semitism,
was coded byZionismas a continuation
a
this.
In
addressing
clear
on
was
Hitlerism.
Ben-Gurion
a continuation
of
"Wedon'twantto reachagainthe
he asserted,
groupofholocaustsurvivors,
thatyou were in. We do notwanttheArabNazis to come and
situation
fortheirpart,havearguedthattheholocaustwas
us."4Palestinians,
slaughter
people have been forcedto
a Europeancrimeforwhichthe Palestinian
are a lone voice demandingthatIsraelacatone.5But,whilePalestinians
againstthePaltocommit
andcontinues
knowledgethecrimesitcommitted
chorusindemanding
estinian
people,Israelis joinedbya largeinternational
oftheJewish
thatthePalestinians
acceptZionism'sideologicaldeployment
itscrimesagainstthePalestinians.
holocaustto justify
in itsproject,
To theextentthatZionismsaw anyroleforthePalestinians
and apZionism'sversionoftheirhistory
itwas in havingtheminternalize
view
Indeed,thedemandthatPalestinians
preciateitsmissioncivilisatrice.
is as
theirown history
as well as thatofZionismfroma Zioniststandpoint
In hiscelebrated
TheodorHerzlinnovelAltneuland,
old as Zionismitself.
cluded a Palestiniancharactercalled ReschidBey who extols Zionist
He insiststhatZionism"was a greatblessingforall of us."6
achievement.
Arabsdid not
Whenpressedby a Europeangentileas to whyPalestinian
ReschidBeyangrily
responds:
as "intruders,"
hatetheJewishcolonialsettlers
from
you,butbringsyou
"Wouldyoucalla mana robberwhotakesnothing
something
instead?The Jewshave enrichedus. Whyshouldwe be angry
was more
withthem?"7
Indeed,ReschidBeygoes on toexplainthat"nothing
The
century.
wretchedthanan Arabvillageat the end of the nineteenth
forstables.The children
laynakedand nepeasants'clayhovelswereunfit
is difand grewup likedumbbeasts.Now everything
glectedin thestreets
of
the
New
fromtheprogressive
measures
Society."8
ferent.
Theybenefited
ofthem,ZionHerzl'sexpectations
As mostPalestinians
cameto disappoint
whose sole
ismhad to castthemin a new light.Now seen as anti-Semites
as thereal
theywerepresented
grievanceagainstIsraelwas itsJewishness,
colonizersofthisancientJewishland.
Thefactthataround
holocaustsurvivors?
How didPalestinians
encounter
or
of
1948
war,wereholoa
third
the
during
the
Haganah
soldiers,
22,000
intheexpulinthisregard,9
is important
as theyparticipated
caustsurvivors
andinthemanymassacresofthe1948war.In a rare
sionofthePalestinians
intheIsraelipress,HaOlam Hazeh rana
on suchoccurrences
commentary
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
PALESIRiNS
55
Palestinians
in 1950withthecaption:
ofIsraelisoldiersexpelling
photograph
soldier'sarm.Manyoftheimmion theguarding
"Notethenumbertattooed
grantswho have been throughthe hell of the Europeanconcentration
towardtheArabcaptivesoftheState."'l
campslacktheproperattitude
by
ofbeingused as "cannonfodder"
complained
Theholocaustsurvivors
the Zionistleadershipas theywere mostlysentto thefrontline and not
AccordofHebrew."1
dutiesbecauseoftheirignorance
givenadministrative
werebeingsentfromtheshipson
ingto a Haganahreport,"Therecruits
and from
centersforconscripts,
to thereception
whichtheyarrived
directly
As manyof themdied in battle,the
thereto theirbrigadesor services."12
mustbe issuedto all units
that"instructions
Haganahreportrecommended
as soon as
to combatoperations
thattheseenlistedmenareto be admitted
themassaAfter
training."'13
[butnotbefore]theyhavereceivedappropriate
at thevillageof Tanturaby theHaganah'sAlexancre of 200 Palestinians
droniBrigade,14
the new KibbutzNasholimwas erectedby holocaust
on the ruinsof thevillage.15
KibbutzLohameiHagetaot,which
survivors
Museum,was builtbyWarsawGhettosurvivors
housestheGhettoFighters
whose inhabion top ofthedestroyed
Palestinian
villageofal-Sumayriyya,
tantshad been deportedduringthe 1948war.'6In his seminalbook, The
SeventhMillion: The Israelis and theHolocaust, Tom Segev writesin refer-
in Israelthat
ence to KibbutzLohameiHagetaotthatthere"isno settlement
betterillustrates
the link between the Holocaust and the Palestinian
17
tragedy.
weretopartakeofthelootandpillageofabanManyholocaustsurvivors
to Segev:
donedPalestinian
According
property.
Hundredsof thousandsof Arabsfled,and were expelled
ofvillagesleft
fromtheirhomes.Entirecitiesand hundreds
order
new immiin
with
a
short
emptywererepopulated
mostofthem
In April1949,theynumbered100,000,
grants.
one inthe
was a dramatic
Themoment
Holocaustsurvivors.
banalone,too,focusedas it
warforIsrael,and a frightfully
Free peooverhousesand furniture.
was on thestruggle
refuple-Arabs-had goneintoexileandbecomedestitute
theexiles'placesas a
refugees-Jews-took
gees;destitute
first
stepintheirnewlivesas freepeople.One grouplostall
theyneededtheyhad,whiletheotherfoundeverything
clothes,
tables,chairs,closets,pots,pans,plates,sometimes
family
albums,books,radios,andpets.... Fora fewmonths
the country
was caughtup in a frenzyof take-what-youalso tookposfirst-served....
Immigrants
can,first-come,
session of Arab storesand workshops,and some Arab
soon lookedlikeJewishtownsin pre-war
neighborhoods
Europe.'8
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
56
OF PALESI1NE STUDIES
JOURNAL
In defenseofZionism,
Isaac Deutscher,
a painedbutambivalent
Zionist,
soberlyassertedthatwhathappenedto thePalestinian
people as a resultof
Zionistcolonialism
cannot"infairness"
be blamedon theJews:"Peoplepursuedbya monster
and running
tosavetheirlivescannothelpinjuring
those
who areinthewayand cannothelptrampling
overtheirproperty."'9
Deutscher,itwouldseem,neverstoppedto considerthatEuropeanJewscould
havestillfledas refugees
without
becomingcolonists.
He neverinvestigated
thetransformation
ofEuropeanJewsfromrefugees
intocolonialsoldiers.20
THE NAzI ANALOGY
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
PALESTnrIS
57
in a speechto theKnesset,spreadtheoutright
lie thatEgyptian
tankshad
In correspondence
withforeignleaders,the
swastikaspaintedon them.28
andinvokedthememthattheirinvasionwas inself-defense
Israelisinsisted
oryoftheholocaustas a timewhenno one defendedtheJews.29
Jews,theholocaustwas becomNotonlyforIsraelibutalsoforAmerican
in 1967,
Israel'svictory
After
withIsraelipolitics.
identified
ingincreasingly
on the
Commission
ofthePresident's
laterdirector
RabbiIrvingGreenberg,
"InEurope[God]had failedto do His task... thefailHolocaust,asserted,
inJunewouldhavebeen an even moredecisivedeure to come through
ofthe1967war,HaAretz
Beforetheoutbreak
ofthecovenant."30
struction
by Nasirand Hitler,
statements
printeda catalogofallegedly"comparable"
such as Nasir'sin 1967 that"IfIsraelwantswar-fine:Israelwill be deand Hitler'sin 1939that"IftheJewsdragtheworldintoa war,
stroyed!"
reon itsvulnerability
Israel'sinsistence
willbe destroyed."'3'
worldJewry
Peled,one ofthearchitects
GeneralMatityahu
flecteda consciousstrategy.
ofthe1967Israeliinvasion,
revealeda fewyearsafterthewar:"Thereis no
no
reasonto hidethefactthatsince1949no one dared,or moreprecisely,
theveryexistenceof Israel.In spiteof that,we
one was able,to threaten
as ifwe werea weak
tofoster
a senseofourowninferiority,
havecontinued
forits
and insignificant
people,which,inthemidstofan anguishedstruggle
couldbe exterminated
at anymoment."32
existence,
timein hisadult
Duringthe1973war,Wieselwroteofbeingforthefirst
he said,"the
alloveragain."ForJews,
maystart
thatthenightmare
life"afraid
Atthetimeof
to ourfate."33
unchanged... indifferent
worldhas remained
ofBeihis1982invasionofLebanon,Beginjustified
themassivedestruction
there"had
headquarters
ofArafat's
to 1945:thedestruction
rutby referring
givenhimthefeelingthathe had senttheIsraeliarmyintoBerlinto destroy
Earlier,
Beginhad describedthePLO as a "neo-Nazi
Hitlerin hisbunker."34
organization."35
and Arabswerenottheonlyones castas Nazis.Israelwas
Palestinians
crimes.In
Nazi-style
also accused-byIsraelisas wellas byPalestinians-of
in 1948,a numberofIsraeli
thecontextofIsraelimassacresofPalestinians
to theactionsofIsraelisoldiersas "Naziactions,"
promptministers
referred
ofthePalmach,
toaskthemtostop
theeducationofficer
ingBennyMarshak,
themassacreatal-Dawayima,
MinisAgriculture
usingtheterm.Indeed,after
terAharonZislingassertedin a cabinetmeetingthathe "couldn'tsleep all
Similar
Naziacts."36
languagewas used
night.... Jewstoo havecommitted
IsraeliPalestinian
men,woaftertheIsraeliarmygunneddownforty-seven
at KafrQasimin 1956.WhilemostIsraelinewspapersat
men,and children
a rabbiwrotethat"wemustdemandof
thetimeplayeddownthemassacre,
... thatsoon we willbe
theentirenationa senseofshameand humiliation
ofpogroms."37
likeNazisand theperpetrators
weresoon to levelthesameaccusationagainsttheIsraeThePalestinians
One ofthecommuniques
lis.Suchaccusations
increasedduringtheintifada.
issuedby theUnifiedNationalLeadershipof theUprisingdefinedthe in-
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
58
JOURNAL OF PALESTIE
STUDIES
tifadaas consisting
of"thechildren
andyoungmenofthestonesand Molotovcocktails,
thethousandsofwomenwho miscarried
as a resultofpoison
gas and teargas grenades,and thosewomenwhose sons and husbands
werethrownin theNazi prisons."38
The Israeliswerealwaysoutragedby
suchaccusations,
evenwhenthesimilarities
werestark.
Whentheboardof
Yad Vashem,forexample,was askedto condemntheactofan Israeliarmy
officer
who instructed
hissoldierstoinscribenumbers
on thearmsofPalestinians,
boardchairman
GideonHausner"squelchedtheinitiative,
ruling
that
ithad no relevanceto theHolocaust."39
PALESTINANS AND THE JEWISH HOLOCAUST
Sinceitsemergence
on theinternational
scene,thePLOhas alwaysdistinguishedbetweenZionistsandJews.In thisitdiffers
sharply
fromIsraeland
all themajorJewishand Zionistorganizations
worldwide,
whichidentify
Zionismand Israelas Jewishandmaketheirclaimto Palestineon thebasisof
thatJewishness.
The PLO has alwaysrejectedthiscoupling,referring
to
Israelnotas the"Jewish
State"butas the"ZionistEntity."
In contrast
to the
PLO and Palestinian
intellectuals,
however,mostPalestinians
call theiroppressors"Jews,"a name theiroppressorschose forthemselvesand on
whosebasistheyjustify
theiroppressionofthePalestinians.
ButIsraeland
Zionismarehorrified
bysucha reference
andjudgeitas a signofPalestinian
anti-Semitism.
Notonly,then,shouldPalestinians
be oppressedby enemies
who callthemselves
JewishJewsandbase theiroppressive
policieson their
ness,butPalestinians
arecondemnedforcallingtheirenemiesbytheirchosen nameand are calledupon to exercisevigilanceby makingdistinctions
betweenZionistsandJewsthattheirenemiesoftenfailto make.
Ithas also alwaysmadea
The PLO has acceptedthisburdenofvigilance.
withtheJewish
itssympathy
pointofdemonstrating
theNazi
oftheholocaustand in condemning
ThePLO has always made
victims
addressedtheUN GeneralAsa point of demonstrating regime.WhenArafat
conitssympathywiththe
semblyin New Yorkin 1974,he "vociferously
Jewishvictimsof the
demn[ed]themassacresofJewsunderNazi rule."40
wouldhavewelcomed
holocaustand in
He statedthatthePalestinians
of
the
Nazi
survivors
the
the
condemning
holocaust,as theyhad earlier
hadthe
andArmenian
welcomedCircassian
regime.
refugees,
been "toliveside
objectiveoftheJewishimmigration
andassuming
thesameduties."But
thesamerights
bysidewithus,enjoying
as thegoal hadbeen "tousurpourhomeland,
disperseourpeople,andturn
is whatno one can conceivably
demand
us intosecond-classcitizens-this
thatwe acquiescein or submitto."He emphasizedthatthePLO's struggle
not
was notagainstJewsbutagainst"racistZionism,"
whichdiscriminates
In
butalso against"Oriental
onlyagainstPalestinians
Jews." thissense,he
fortheJew,as a humanbeing.... We
concluded,"oursis also a revolution
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
PALusITqANS ANDJEWISHHISORy
59
exAmericans,
including
andother
Jewishdelegates,
homeinprotest,
return
the PLO apA few days beforethe commemoration,
pressedoutrage.50
atthe
Jew,as thePLO'srepresentative
pointedIlanHalevi,an IsraeliMizrahi
to replacetheslain'IsamSartawi.51
SocialistInternational
alongwithYitzhakRabinandShimon
As a rewardforOslo in 1993,Arafat,
thenews,the
fortheNobelPeace Prize.Uponhearing
Peres,was nominated
ElieWieseldeclaredinoutrage:"Atleasthe shouldapolholocaustcareerist
andsay'I
ogize.... Thepastcannotbe erased.Atleastlethimcomeforward
apologizeforhavinggiventheorderto killJewishchildrenat Ma'alot,and
inthestreet,
andalltheotherinnocent
people."'WhatparticJewishcivilians
ularlygalledWieselwas that
Allofa suddenI'minthesamegroupas he is.Imagine!We
he and I.. .. It is hardto swalbothhave memberships,
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
60
to the
inthecontext
ofcontinued
Despitetheearlierrebuffs,
capitulation
in
the
Clinton
the
United
Arafat
was
Israelisand
States,
persuaded 1998by
to pay a visitto the U.S. HolocaustMemorialMuseumin
administration
DC. The visithad been conceivedby U.S.specialMiddleEast
Washington,
ofreconAaronMiller,
as a "gesture
coordinator
DennisRossandhisdeputy,
ciliation."The museum,however,rejectedArafat'soverture.Museum
Post thatmembersof the American
sourcestoldthe Washington
Jewish
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
PALEsTnwANs
61
community
warnedmuseumdirector
WalterReichthat"this[Arafat]
is Hitler
incarnate."
Whenmuseumofficials
informed
Arafat
thathe could visitthe
museumonlyas an individual
withoutthesecurity
and protocolroutinely
accordedto worldleaders,he canceledthevisit.Embarrassed
by theepisode,Arafat
mediaadviserNabilAbuRudeinehlamentedhow thePalestinian Authority
had been "extending
ourhandssincethedaysof Rabin,and
ourhandsare stillslapped.Somebodyis stilllivingin thepast."60
ManyIsraeliofficials
applaudedtherebuff,
buttherewas a publicoutcryin Washington.Faced witha rebellionby the museum'sgoverning
board,Miles
of theHolocaustMemorialCouncil,reversedhis earlier
Lerman,
chairman
supportformuseumdirector
Reich'sdecisionand extendedan invitation
to
who saidthathe was "keentovisitthemuseum."
Arafat,
The deputychiefof
missionoftheIsraeliembassy,
"is
LennyBen David,explainedthatifArafat
goingto learnabouttheHolocaust,and ifhe's notgoingto denyit,thenall
thebetter."61
AvnerShalev,chairman
oftheYad Vashemdirectorate,
added
willbe morereluctant
"MaybeArafat
to deny[theholocaust]."62
The fact
northePLO had everdeniedtheJewishholocaustand
thatneither
Arafat
hadalwaysexpressedsolidarity
withitsvictims
was immaterial
tosuchpropaganda.Arafat
finally
optednotto go.63The fracascostReichhisjob.64
WhathascausedtheZionistandIsraeliconsensuson Arafat
andtheholocaustto break?Sincecondemnation
ofanyattempts
thePLO,and
byArafat,
to show solidarity
withtheholocaustcontinuedas late as
anyPalestinian
1994,what accountsforthissuddenvacillation?
The answeris simple.
Arafat's
prospective
visitto the HolocaustMuseumwas no longerto be
stagedbythePalestinian
leaderas one ofsolidarity
betweena people who
are victims
ofoppressionandanother
ofa greater
peoplewho werevictims
but
as
on
his
he
and
oppression, rather an affirmation partthat understands
withIsrael,hiserstwhile
sympathizes
enemy,whosecrimeshe forgaveand
has continuedto forgive
sincehe signedtheOslo accords.His visitto the
museumwas to ratify
Palestinian
acquiescencein viewingtheJewishholoof thelinksthat,Zionism
His recognition
caustthrough
Israelimediation.
insisted,
connectedtheJewishholocaustwithIsrael'sraisond'etreconstiofPalestinian
andJewishhistoto theZionization
tuteshisfinalsubmission
of thisachievement,
theJerusalemPost
ries.In an ambivalent
celebration
to See 'theEnemy'as Victims."65
ranan articletitled"Learning
Indeed,the
oftheconflict
PLO'ssubmission
to Israel'srewriting
hadbegunevenbefore
Oslo: partofthepricefortheMadridConference
was therepeal,inDecember 1991,ofthe1975UN GeneralAssembly
Resolution
3379(XXX characZionismas "a formofracismandracialdiscrimination."66
terizing
Whenthe
was passed in 1975,Israel'sUN ambassador,
resolution
HaimHerzog,had
toldthe GeneralAssemblydelegatesthatHitlerwould have feltat home
amongthem.67
Arafat's
prospective
visittothemuseumrecallsAnwarSadat'svisittoYad
Vashemin 1977inthecompanyofMenachem
Begin.Sadat'svisitwas also a
submission
totheZionization
symbolic
oftheholocaustandtoitsappropria-
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
62
JOURNAL OF PALESrINE
STUDIES
fortheirown purposes.DuringSadat'svisit,
tionby Israelipropagandists
Begindeclared:"Noone cametosaveus-neitherfromtheEastnorfromthe
West.Forthisreason,we havesworna vow,we, thegeneration
ofexterminationandrebirth:
Neveragainwillwe putournationindanger,neveragain
willwe putourwomenand childrenand thosewhomwe have a dutyto
defend . . . in range of the enemy's deadly fire."68Unlike Arafator Nasir,
Sadathadbeen an avidadmirer
ofHitler.
Uponhearinga rumorin 1953that
Hitlerwas stillalive,theweeklyal-Musawwaraskedsevenpublicfigures
what,supposingtherumorweretrue,theywould say to Hitler.Five condemnedtheNazidictator
whiletwoexaltedhim.Themoreprominent
ofthe
twowas AnwarSadat,who was stillmotivated
stancedatbyhisanti-British
ingfromcolonialdays.His messageto Hitlerwas as follows:"I congratulate
you withall myheart,because,thoughyou appearto havebeen defeated,
youweretherealvictor,
youwereable to sow dissensionbetweenChurchill,the'old man,'andhisallieson theone handandtheirally,thedevil,on
the other.... There will be no peace untilGermanyis restoredto what it
in Germany
is reasonenoughfor
was.... Thatyou havebecameimmortal
or a
pride.Andwe shouldnotbe surprised
to see you againin Germany,
forHitler,
hownewHitlerinyourplace."69In assessingSadat'senthusiasm
ever,it shouldbe notedthatunlikethemanyZionistleaders(of boththe
Laborand Revisionist
camps)who collaborated
withtheNazis,someup to
themfromafar.70
1941butothersas lateas 1944,Sadatonlysupported
Morerecently
and in an important
articlein al-Hayatthatgenerateda
longdebateamongArabintellectuals,
EdwardSaidarguedagainstthe"retrospectiveattempts
madeby Israelisor Palestinians
to use theHolocaust."71
is
link
that
"there
a
between
what
Saidasserted
happenedtoJewsinWorld
ofthePalestinian
WarII and thecatastrophe
people,butitcannotonlybe
thetrueconor as an argument
to demolishor diininish
maderhetorically,
is equaltotheother;similarly
tentbothoftheHolocaustandof1948.Neither
one
neither
neither
one northeotherexcusespresentviolence;and finally,
northe othermustbe minimized"
[emphasisadded].WhatSaid seems to
thattheJewishholocaustgenerated
invokeinhisarticleis theunderstanding
ofthe
ofa Jewishstateand thatthesuffering
supportfortheestablishment
ofthePalestinians
at the
Jewsat thehandsoftheNazisled to thesuffering
handsof theZionists.Said is clearthat"unlesstheconnectionis made by
In fact,theJewishtragedy
did not createthe
Palestinian catastrophe:
Zionism had sought to
dispossessthePalestinians
long beforetheholocaust.
to thePalestinian
by,letus callit'necescatastrophe
thanpurewill),we cannotco-existas two
sity'(rather
of detachedand uncommunicatingly
communities
separate suffering."
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
63
Evyatar
Friesel,who examinedtheUN
to theIsraelihistorian
According
fromthebepro-Zionist
was wholeheartedly
onlySouthAfrica
proceedings,
vote took
ginning,withothercountriesequivocatinguntilthe partition
place.73He concludesthatthereis "littleindicationin the opinionsexnationsto showthattheHolocausthad influenced
pressedby thedifferent
who appearedbefore
In fact,"theZionistrepresentatives
theirpositions."74
on Palestine,UNSCOP]barelyalludedto the
the [UN SpecialCommittee
As fortheUnitedStates,Novickexplains,"Thereis no evidence
subject."75
for
thatguilt inactionduringtheHolocaustplayedanyrolein theAmerican
supportforIsraelistatehood."76
(haltingand ambivalent)
government's
It is unclear,then,how a linkagebetweentheJewishholocaustand the
It is Israeliand Zionist
Nakbacan be made exceptrhetorically.
Palestinian
and
and manyPalestinians
who makethelinkrhetorically,
propagandists
community
Arabsacceptthelinkat facevalueand blametheinternatiornal
to payforEuropeancrimesagainsttheJews.But
forforcing
thePalestinians
is
this
not
what
happened.The Europeanpowers,liketheZionists,
clearly
all othernonwhite
thesamewaytheytreated
thePalestinians
simplytreated
desiresandneedsdidnotcountfortheWest,andthese
peoples.Palestinian
didnotconstitute
Western
andSovietsupdesiresandneedscertainly
rights.
of Israelwas an issue of neocolonialstrategies
portfortheestablishment
nativesdid not figure
and/orcold war alliancesin whichthe Palestinian
much.
Whilesupportforthepartition
planwas notbasedon guiltabouttheholfor
in Palestinein manycases was. The
ocaust,support refugeesettlement
resoreportissuedon 11November1947(eighteendaysbeforethepartition
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
64
OF
JOURNAL
PALESTINE
STUDIES
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
65
that"we mustaccepttheJewish
Said concludeshis articleby asserting
and fear,butwe mustrequirethat
experiencein all thatitentailsofhorror
planeofhistororperhapsanother
ourexperience
be givenno lessattention
tostressthat"ata timewhenPalestinian
icalactuality."
Indeed,Saidis careful
whenourdaily
landis stillbeingtaken,whenourhousesare demolished,
and captivity
imposedon us by
existenceis stillsubjectto thehumiliations
I
inEuropeandespeciallyintheUnitedStates,
Israelanditsmanysupporters
knowthatto speakofpriorJewishagonieswillseemlikea kindofimpertito navigatetheideological
nence."Said'scall is a carefulone thatattempts
on linkingtheJewishholocaustwith
watersbetweenZionism'sinsistence
oftheJewishstateandPalestinian
andArabpopularinsistheestablishment
oftheholocaust
tenceon rejecting
thatcoupling,ifnotrejecting
thereality
to stress,
however,is thatitis Israel'spackage
altogether.
Whatis important
deal of linkingtheholocaustwithZionism'scolonialclaimsthatproduces
who denyor questiontheJewishholothedenial.Arabsand Palestinians
caustdo so because theyhave boughtintoIsrael'spackagedeal, which
Israel,
leavesthemwithone optionforopposingIsraelicolonialism-denial.
of course,rejectsthisposition,butitalso rejectstheinsistent
refusalof its
and Arabintellectuals.
linkageby thePLO and manyPalestinian
The onlypositionIsraeland Zionismacceptis themorerecentArafatist
ofJewishand
position,
thatofacceptingZionism'slinkageand itsrewriting
withJewishhistory,
The attempt
to engagePalestinians
Palestinian
histories.
to deflectPalestinian
includingthehistory
of theholocaust,is an attempt
fromtheJewishandIsraelipresent
tojustify
this
andan attempt
engagement
people.The
thatis characterized
bytheoppression
ofthePalestinian
present
withfewJewish
holocausttragedy
has been abductedby Israelistrategists,
has
As Palestinian
recenthistory
forIsrael'sideologicalacrobatics.
protests,
to
engagement
withtheholocaustwillbe satisfactory
shown,no Palestinian
recognizetheholIsraelidemandsthatPalestinians
Israelanditssupporters.
abouttheotherpartof
ocaustare notabouttheholocaustat all,butrather
to exist"as
toIsrael's"right
andsubmitting
thepackage,namelyrecognizing
has givenup,butthe
a colonial-settler
raciststate.The Palestinian
Authority
Palestinian
people shouldcontinueto resistthisZionistpackagedeal.Their
one
is theonlyremaining
obstacleto a completeZionistvictory,
resistance
ofbothPalestinian
and Jewish
thatseekstobe sealedbyZionism's
rewriting
histories.
NoTEs
1. Quotedin Tom Segev,TheSeventh
Million:TheIsraelisand theHolocaust,
trans.HaimWatzman(New York:Hill
and Wang,1993),p. 98.
2. Quotedin ibid.,330-31.
3. Citedby Dina Porat,"Ben-Gurion
and theHolocaust,"in David Ben-Gurion:Politicsand Leadershipin Israel,
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
66
JOURNAL OF PAu3STmNESTUDIES
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
PAuEsTINxs
67
70. On Zionistcollaboration
withthe
Nazis,see LenniBrenner'sclassic,Zionismin theAge oftheDictators:A Reappraisal (Westport:
LawrenceHilland Co.,
1983),and Segev's TheSeventhMillion.
On Revisionist
Zionism'scollaboration
withtheNazis,includingan offerby the
SternGangto setup a Jewishstatein alliance withtheThirdReichas lateas 1941,
see LenniBrenner,TheIron Wall:Zionist
Revisionism
fromJabotinsky
to Shamir
(London:Zed Press,1984),pp. 194-97.
71. EdwardSaid,"Ususlil Ta'ayush,"
in al-Hayat,5 November1997.For a critiqueof Said's articleby theeminent
Jabira]Bahrainiintellectual
Muhammad
Ansari,see "Muraja'a Am ... Taraju'," alHayat, 11 November1997.For a rebuttal
ofAnsari,see JosephMassad,"Tashwih
Maqsudaw Su' Fahmn
li-Afkar
Edward
Said:Rad 'ala Muhammad
Jabiral-Ansari,"
al-Hayat,22 November1997.
72. Novick,TheHolocaustin Anzerican Life,p. 71.
73. EvyatarFriesel,"The Holocaust
and theBirthof Israel,"WienerLibrary
Bulletin32, nos. 49-50 (1979),p. 55.
74. Ibid.
75. Ibid.
76. Novick,TheHolocaustin American Life,p. 72.
77. Paragraph36 of thereport.For the
fulltextofthereport,see Khalidi,From
Haven to Conquest,pp. 645-99.
78. Ibid.,paragraph40.
79. Ibid.,paragraph41.
80. Ibid.,paragraph42.
see
81. Forthedraftoftheresolution,
WhalidKhalidi,ed.,FromHaven to Conquest:Readingsin Zionismand thePalestineProblemUntil1948, (1971;
Institute
forPalesReprint:
Washington,
tineStudies,1987),pp. 692-93.On the
voteson thetwo resolutions,
see Regina
Sharif,
Zionism:ItsRootsin
Non-Jewish
Western
History(London:Zed Press,
1983),p. 126.
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.28 on Tue, 01 Dec 2015 08:44:53 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions