(static images)

( object relations theory )

(undifferentiated

state)

()(very existence)

(self-parent relationship)

(aspects)

( internalizing) ( externalizing )
( reenact) (isolafe)

( stable identity )
( stable self)

( immediacy )( usefulness )

( ego psychology )( self

psychology )

( a set of ideas to be considered)

(self)( object)
(ego) ( integrate) ( differentiate)
( self and object experiences)

1.
THE OBJECT
fantasy

Freud (1905a)(Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality )( perversions )

( image)

(other) ( object)
Klein (SegaI1964)

( mental representation)
( image) (idea) (fee1ing)(memory)

epistemology(nature of reality)
??
?

Object (subject)(verb)
( object) ()

] (preverbal)(self-object
confusions)

2.
THE SELF

self psychology
Kohut1971,1979
self
wind

breath
shade

shadow

soulminduniversalselftranscendentalonenessone
the unmoved mover
spiritualsubstance
seat of good and evil

superordinate agency

one's very self)

---

Freud (1923p26) ( bodily self)

()
()

"

(self-image)

BG


(self-confusion)

B G
BG( self-experience )

(kinesthetic)

(finely tuned) self-awareness

kinesthetically

person

3.-
SELF-OBJECT
(fantasy)
(self_representations)(object-representations)(object relations
units)drive)(affect)
Kerberg 1976Rinsley 1978)
(borderline patients)
(all-good)(all-bad)

SW

?!?

sW

 SW

!
Sw

(symbiocic)
intermin-gled)
(unit)
(differentiated experiences)

(our

vert selves)(matrix)

(emotional sea)

DF

DF

DF
(symbiotic)(fusion)(mergers)Fedem(1952)(ego-boundary)
(blurring)

(normal merger)Wordsworth

(Ode On Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood)

ELDoctorow(1984)(Willi)

(p7)
Doctorow
Willi Willi

(p27) Willi
Freud(1930)(oceanic feeling)
Doctorow

(a couple)
Renoir (RowersLunch)

(sense of self)
(existence itself)
(empathically understood)
(physiologically compelling)
(self-other boun-daries)

(Hamilton 198l )

?
??

(Solomon and Klceman l975)

(pure sense of self)

(our very selves)

(rugged individualists)

?
(self-0bject confusion)

Rinsley(1982)
Topeka

Rinsley

?
?

?
Rinsley

4
THE EGO
(ego)
(introspection)

(subjective experiences)

(abstraction)
ego
ego (organization)(organizer) ego
(McIntosh 1986)
ego
Freud Ich ego
(The Ego and The Id1923)Freud
(1)(2)(a coherent organization-organizer)Freud

(oneown being)(body image)

(subjective sense of self)
(system)(synthetic)(organizjng)
(id)(superego)
Freud
Hartmann(19521959)
(1959 )
Hartmann(1952)(mind)(body)

Hartmann
Hartmann
(the process of organization perse
Blanck and Blanck 1979P9)(integrated ego functions)

Jacobson(1964)(The Self and the Object world) Hartmann

Klein(SegaIl964)(seIf)Fairbairn(1954)
(centraI ego)(1ibidinal ego)(antilibidinal ego)
Fede -rn(1952) Fairbairn Freud
(ego boundary) Federn
(self_other)(self-object)(ego feeling)
(subjective awareness of one's ego)(Rinsley l982)(self-awareness)
Kohut(1971)(transmuting internalization)
Kernberg(1976) Freud
(Kernberg 1982)

EJ

EJ(self-fragmentation)

F Y

FY

(self-other distinction)

F Y
KA

KA

KA

KA

(observing
ego)

(perceiver within the perceiver)

(mental processes)

DEVLOPING OBJECT

RELATIONS

Walt Whitman
out of the cradle endlessly rocking

Mahler (Mahler eta11975)

Spitz(1965) Bowlby(19691973)
Piaget(19361937) Spitz(Cobliner 1965) Mahler(Fraiberg 1969Lester 1983)


Kernberg(19761980) Hartmann(1964)Jacobson(1964)
Klein(Segal 1964)
Mahler Kernberg
Mahler Kemberg

5
SEPARATION AND INDIVIDUATION
Mahler

( psychologicalbirth ofthe
human infant, Mahler et al 1975)

:
Autism
Symbiosis

0-2
2-6

6-24 Separationindividuation

Hatching

6-10

Practicing

10-16

Rapprochement

16-24

24-36 (Developing Object Constancy )

( 0-2 )
(Fairbairn 1943, Isaacs 1943,Klein 1959) :
; Mahler

() (The First Year ofLife) Spitz (-1965)

Spitz (objectIess stage)

( rooting reflex)

Mahler Spitz

( monadic system )Freud

(I914a) (primarynarcissism )
Freud (cathext)
Freud
( autoerotic )
Freud (person)
?

Fairbairn (1941) (mental state)

( F airbairn1943, p. 275)
Fairbaim
Fairbairn Mahler Spiz ;Fairbairn


:(Oster 1975) (Bower 1965 )( Wertheheimer 1961 )(Jensen
1932) ( Engen and Lipsitt 1965 )(L si1t and Levy 1959)

( synesthesia)

Mahler ( Mahler et al 1975)

(Mahler
et aJ 1975, p. 43)

( connectedness)( relatedness )

( 2-6 )
Mahler

(symbiosis) (need~satisfying object)

(Mahleret al 1975, t 44) ( omnipotent system )
( dual unity) (p.44) Freud (1 930, p 64)

----
----
(Ritvo and SoInit1958,
BeII 1970, Mahler et al 1975)
Spitz (1 965)

Mahler

symbiotic organizers of psychological birth)(Mahler et al.1975, p.49)

Mahler Winnicott (good enough

mothering Winnicott 1953) (holding environment, Winnicott 1960) Brazelton
(1969)

cuing, Spitz 1965) Mahler (1965)

(Mahler
1971 )(hol ngpa: m)
Mahler
etal 1975, p 49)

Mahler Gosliner (1955) ()

()(budding)

Mahler

( 6-24 )
:(6-10 )
( separation-individuation) ---( hatching ) (differentiation )
----( rne-rnother unit) ,
(Mahleretal.1975, p.54) Mahler

(Mahler et al. 1975, p. 54)

Winnicott
1953

(differential

response) ( nonparents stranger anxiety)

Brody Axelrad (1970) Mahler ( stranger reaction )

(anxiety)

Csymbioticrelatedness )(self-object potential)

,
(mother-child dyad)

(merger)

:(1 0-16 )
Mahler (practicing)
(autonomousego functions )
pat-a-cake

(Mahler
et al 1975, p 69) ( emotional refueling)

(p. 71)
Greenaere( 1957) (p.57)
( peek-a-boo )

(catch-me-if-you-can )
Mahler
( self-direction)
(Mahleretal. 1975, p.71)

Mahler
(Mahler et al1975)

Mahler

1624
(rapprochement)
( separateness )

(refueling) ( dashingaway)

G. B

M.S. M.S.

;
;

E. F.
E.F.

! E.F.

J.S.


J.S.
! J.S.
!!

( attachment)
--
(Mine)

:;
empathize

I me
l want ta)
( 1
would Iike some toast, please)
I me baby (subject)
(self)
:

()

M.W. !
M.W.!
!
!! !!

( gende identity )

----
Mahler (1975) (Tyson 1982)

( penis envy )
( Chodorow 1974)
Chodorow(1 974 )

;;

--
!

(push-pull )

( Masterson and
Rinsley 1975 )

Winnicott (1960)

(Braze1ton1969)

--

( 24-36 )
( individuality )

Mahler
(1975 )

Mahler ;

Mahler
;;

:
Piaget ( 1937)
(Hartmann 1952)

Bell (1970) ( person permanence )

( object permanence )

(object loss)
(love of the love of the object) ( love object) (emotional consistency)

(Mahler et al 1975)
( self constancy )

(autonomy) :
;;
(bodily separateness)

(latency) ( adolescence ) ,

:;;;
;;;;
;;

Mahler (The PsychologicaI Birth of theHuman Infant,

1975) Kaplan
(Oneness and Separateness 1978) Mahler
(0-2 ) :
2-6--
(6-10 )

10-16 16-24

emotional
lbject constancy,24-36

6
PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS

masterson rinsleyhorner

1980P .6

1932
1969

integrationdifferentiation

Greenberg and mitchell1983

1940
eros
P148

 gerteude blanck Rubin blanck1979

grotstein 1981 a p3

D.R.

brownn et al
1962Vaughn and leff 1976 Goldstein et al 1978falloon et al1982

auxiliary ego

and allsbrook1986
Searles19591959attacks on linking

sense of well-being

egoself

projection

A.B.

AB

westside

--

riviere1964
1956

1986

1957a

----self-object confusion
incorporation

1953
the selfmotherdual unity
mother-child dyadstranger anxiety

( introjection )(not-me)

(taking-in)
(Sandler and Rosenblatt 1962, Schafer 1968, Meissner 1981 , and
Boesky 1983) (internalization)
(incorporation) ( introjection )(identification )

(sel
other matrix ) Freud
(Totem and Taboo) (I 913a)
1981

(being) (becoming)

Gre-enberg Mitchell (1983)

(p.315) Fairbaim
(1941)( primary identification ) Fairbaim
( secondary identification)

6 55 56

Sandler Rosenblatt ( 1962)

Boesky (1983) Sandler, Jacobson Kemberg

(fusion) (pp.579-580) Boesky

Kohut (197l) ( transmuting intemalization) Giovacchini (1979)

(assimilation of maternal functions into the self) ( Tolpin 1971)

Cameron ( 1961 )

(p.91)

B.J. Menninger


B.J.

B.J.

B.J.
;

B.G.---:

( flashback )
;

Brazelton
(1 975)
(Blanck andMahler ( 1971 )

()

Blanck 1979)

Klein ( 1957b) ()

Klein ( schema)

Mahler
(holding)
SOlerset Maugham (1944 )
:

p.2
Wordsworth

---

(splitting) Kernberg (1980)

(p.6)
(Mahler et al.1975) (anlage) (Kernberg
1980)
w.J.

( mother-of-separation) w.j.
;

---

B.G.;

B.G.
B.G.B.G.
B.G., B.G.

()

(Bumham 1966, Adler 1977, Gabbard 1986)

Mahler 1975)

(mother-oabsence)

(Mahler 1971 )
Kernberg ( 1980 )
(Kemberg1981 )
:

Robert Louis Stevenson <>

(Doctor Jekyll and Mr.Hyde)

---

:()
:

1986 2 16
YubaFeatherMokelumneSacramentoSan Joaqui,NapaRussian

(desert island)
.,

Pruyser(1975)

(idealization)(devaluation)

---
(good)(bad)

()

---

M..

M..

F.D.

(Narcotics Anonymous)

F.D.

F.D.

(failure)(idealizing transference)
(Kohut 1971). F.D.,

F.D.

F.D.

Klein(1957a)(dynamics of envy)
Mahler
Klein

Klein

Klein

Klein

Frazer(1890)<>(The Golden Bough)

Ann Appelbaum

Freud

(projective identification)

F.Y.()

F.Y.

(committed)

Klein(1946)Bion (1957)
Kernberg (1965)Ogden(19791982)Grotstein(1981a)Rosenfeld(1983)Spillius(1983) Hamilton(1986)
Meissner(1980)Spillius(1983) Grotstein(1981a)
Kemberg(1976)

Kemberg(1986)
Kernberg
Kernberg

Ogden(19791982)

(empathically attuned)

 Kemberg(1965)Grinberg(1979)

F.Y.

Klein(1946)(projecting into)
(projecting onto)
(intrusive fantasy)(psychic reality) Klein

(all- too- human)

B.B.

B.B.

B.B.
B


(Klein 1957b)(positive projective identification)(Hamilton 1986)
A.M.
(CIA)

CIA

j
A.M.

CIA CIA

A.M.

Mahler (1975)
(sympathy)

Norman Vincent Peale(1952)(positive thinking)

Dale Carnegie <>(How to Win Friends and Influence People)(1936)
Carnegie(1926)

Carnegie (selfobject)
Kohut(1971)

(stage fright)(mirroring
response)(Kohut 1971)Gabbard (1979)

?
(Hamilton1986)

rn

(transitional object formation)
(Win n icott l953Grolnick eta11978)
Winnicott(1953)

D.E.

D.E.

D.E.

B.G.

(associations)(autoerotic roots)

(auto- erotic phenomena)

Scott(1984)

Scott

(object relatedness)
()

Winnicott(1953)

--- Winnicott (realm of illusion)

?

(as-if) winnicott(1953)

Tolpin(1971)(selfs00thing)(AFreud 1965)
(SOOthing)(self-othe happenings)

Tolpin(1971) Kohut(1971)(transmutinginternalization)

Rcmbrandt

(R.B.B1nkney 1955P.54)

(object constancy)

M.w.

B.G.

B.G.

Piaget(1937) Mahler(Fraiberg 1969Mahleretal.1975

andLester 1983) Spitz(Cob1iner 1965)
Erikson(1950)(basic trust)

,
.
Harlmann(1952)(neutraliza.tion).
(integration) Greenacre(1957)

(p.69)

Klein(Segal 1 964)(depressive position)

Hartmann

--- Mahler
(cohesiveself)--- Kohut(197I)
1986 5 14 John Flanagan


Flanagan

()

<>(Alls Well that EndsWell)

83
MarkTwain

Mark Twain
wordsworth

Wordsworth
Proust <A la Recherche du Temps Perdu>

146

 William Faulkner

------ Freud(1940)

unmctabolized

Sandler and Rosenblatt 1962

M.N.

M.N.
William James

M.N.

M.N.

selectively
M.N.

structuralization

Mahler
Freud(1900)
Jacobson(1964)

Tyson 1982

Anna Freud(1936)identification with zhe aggressor

15 12