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OINTMENTS
OINTMENT BASES:
Oleaginous bases
Absorption bases
Water removable bases
Water soluble bases
Petrolatum, USP
Petroleum
jelly
,
Yellow
Petrolatum
Purified
mixture
of
semisolid
hydrocarbon obtained from petroleum
Yellowish to light amber
Insoluble in water
Widely used in cosmetic skin care
Devoid in taste and smell when pure
White Petroleum, USP
White Petroleum Jelly
Purified
mixture
of
semisolid
hydrocarbons from petroleum that has
been wholly or nearly decolorized
Lighter in color
Considered more esthetically pleasing
Commercial product: Vaseline
Uses:
Diaper rash
Dry skin
Yellow Ointment, USP
Purified wax obtained from the
honeycomb of the bee Apis Mellifera
Simple Ointment
Slightly greater viscosity than plain
petrolatum
May contain a suitable stabilizer
Water-washable,
referred
to
as
greaseless
Used
for
incorporation
of
solid
substances
These penetrates the skin and better
used for absorption of medicated and
therefore used for diadermic ointment.
MISCELLANEOUS SEMISOLID
PREPARATIONS: PASTES, PLASTERS
AND GLYCEROGELATINS
Pastes
Semisolid preparations intended for
application to the skin.
Stiffer than ointments (due to
large proportion of solid material)
Prepared in the same manner as
ointments . (Direct mixing)
PASTES
When a levigating agent is to be
used to render the powdered
component smooth, a portion of
the base is often used rather than a
liquid, which would often the paste.
They remain in place after
application due to its stifness
Effectively employed to absorb
serous secretions
Not suited for application to hairy
parts of the body.
3.5 g
5g
15 g
30 g
45 g
60 g
120 g
Application of dermatological
products
Clean thoroughly the affected area
Dry by patting with soft cloth
Apply a thin layer of medication is
spread evenly using gentle
pressure with fingertips
Usually abou 1-3mg of cream per
square centimeter of skin
A bandage should not be used
unless required by the physician.
Wash hands thoroughly.
Features and use of dermatologic
preparations
It is common to have an allergic
response such as skin rash, to a
topical product as a result of
sensitivity to the medicinal
compound used in the product.
To avoid these circumstances,
pharmacists should advised
patients that if symptoms or
irritations develop, discontinue the
use of the product and consult your
physician as soon as possible.
An alternative product that does
not contain the offending agent can
be use.
Some examples of dermatologic
ointments and creams:
The cornea
3 layers: lipophilic epithelial layer,
hydrophilic stromal layer, less
lipophilic enothelial layer
The cornea
Drug penetration depends on a
drugs ability to pass through these
three layers.
Lipophilic Drugs- more capable of
penetrating than hydrophilic
compounds.
Ophthalmic Ointments
- cleared from eye slowly as
0.5% per minute
Ophthalmic Solution
- lose up to 16% of the
volume per minute
Steam Sterilization or
Ethylene Oxide Methodneither cannot penetrate
the ointment base
Dry Heat Sterilization can
penetrate the ointment
base, but can pose threat to
the stability of the drug
substance and possible
separation of the base from
the other components may
occur because of the high
heat required
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