demand different vector groups, the same can also be

adopted.
7.7 Tapping Ranges and Tapping Methods
7.7.1 The standard tapping ranges, when taps are
7.7.3 For ratings greater than 500 kVA, on load tap
changers may be provided for variation p HV
7.7.2 Off circuit tap-changing arrangement shall be
either by means of links or by means of an
externally-operated switch with mechanical locking
device and a position indicator. Arrangement for padlocking shall be provided.
rovided, shall be as follows:
Winding tapped HV
Number of tap positions 7
+ 5 percent to -10
percent in steps of 2.5
percent for variation
of
Voltage variations
the same phase. The neutral ofthe secondary
winding shall be brought out to a separate insulated
terminal.
Alternatively, [Dyn1, see IS 2026 (Part 1)] can also be
specified. If system and application requirements
of HV voltage
from +5 percent to -15 percent in steps of 2.5 percent.

7.8 Losses and Impedance Values

7.8.1 Losses Miltiple Rating with Regard to Energy
Eiciency
7.8.1.1 For transformers of HV voltage up to ll kV,
the total losses (no-load + load losses at 75C) at 50
percent of rated load and total losses at 100 percent of
rated load shall not exceed the maximum total loss
values given in Table 6.
7.8.1.2 For transformers having voltage class above
11 kV and up to and including 22 kV, the permissible
total loss values shall not exceed by 5 percent of the
maximum total loss values mentioned in Table 6.
7.8.1.3 For transformers having voltage class above
22 kV and up to and including 33kV, the permissible
total loss values shall not exceed by 71/2 percent of the
maximum total loss values mentioned in Table 6.
7.8.2 Impedancevalues given in Table 3.
values given in Table 3.

.
to case, bushing failure, faulty
connection in capacitor unit.
Fuse for externally fused capacitor;
unbalance protection for internally

.
to case, bushing failure, faulty
connection in capacitor unit.
Fuse for externally fused capacitor;
unbalance protection for internally

1 The maximum ux density in any part of the

core and yoke at rated voltage and frequency shall be
such that the ux density with + 12.5 percent combined
voltage and frequency variation from rated voltage and
frequency shall not exceed 1.9 Tesla.OTE The design calculations in support of
ux density
shall be furnished by the manufacturer.
6.9.2 No-load current up to 200 kVA shall not exceed
3 percent of full load current and will be measured by
energizing the transformer at rated voltage and
frequency. Increase of 12.5 percent of rated voltage
shall not increase the no load current by 6 percent
exceed the limits of 40C (when measured by resistance
method) for transformer windin
1 No taps are normally required to be provided
upto 100 kVA rating, unless specifically specified by
from stresses that may be caused by the operation of the

fast to coordinate with fast unbalance relay settings, but should not operate

maximum of full load current.

6.10 Limits of Temperature-rise
6.10.1 The type of cooling shall be type ONAN as
per IS 2026 (Part 2).
6.10.2 The permissible temperature-rise shall not
during switching or external faults. For
internally fused banks or banks without

capacitor bank. System protection may include

Fault from capacitor elements

6.7.2 The standard tapping range, when taps are

provided above 100 kVA rating shall be as follows:
System protection schemes are provided to protect the capacitor bank from
stresses that may be caused by
the system and to protect the substation and system
Eiciency
6.8.1.1 For transformers of HV voltage up to ll kV,
the total losses (no-load + load losses at 75C) at 50
percent of rated load and total losses at 100 percent of
rated load shall not exceed the maximum total loss

ank protection schemes are provided for faults within the capacitor bank
itself. Bank protection may
include items such as a means to disconnect a faulted capacitor unit or capacitor
element(s), a means to ini-

tiate a shutdown of the bank in case of faults that may lead to a catastrophic failure,
and alarms to indicate
unbalance within the bank.

fused banks or banks without fuses.

For externally fused capacitor banks, fuses
should be
fuses, the unbalance protection should be
fast to avoid case rupture, but should not
operate during switching or external faults.