Teks Bahasa Inggris

Halam
an
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Teks
The Adventure of Jengkol in Digestive World
Characters introduction.
Sphincterio as father, called Mr. Rio, a biology lecturer at a
university.
Salivina as mother, called Mrs. Vina, a biology teacher at a high
school.
Hepa as daughter, a high school student of class X.
Pilorian as son, a high school student of class XI.
In the evening, Mr. Sfingterios family was having a dinner
together. They always had various menus, one of them is
semur jengkol. Hepa who doesnt like jengkol was starting to
argue about the nutrient of jengkol with Rian.
Hepa: Horray, its dinner time... Rian: What is our menu
tonight? Wow there is semur jengkol... Hepa: Whats good
about jengkol? It does not have any nutrient, you know... Rian:
What did you say? Dont get it wrong! Jengkol also has nutrient
for our body.
Rian: Mom, Hepa said that jengkol doesnt have any nutrient.
Shes wrong, isnt she? Hepa: But jengkol is so smelly, how
can it have such nutrient? Mrs. Vina: Hepa, Rian is right.
Jengkol also has nutrien for our body. Any food must have
nutrient that body needed. So does jengkol. When we eat it,
jengkol will be processed in some canal and organ which is
known as digestive tract and gland.
Mrs. Vina: This process starts when we put the food inside our
mouth. The process is aided by the theet, saliva, and tongue.
Teeth are used for chewing, the tongue helps in positioning the
food, and saliva helps the fission process of starches in the food
to become a disaccharide, helped by amylase enzyme. Hepa:
Hows the digestive process in the mouth take place, Mom?
Mrs. Vina: Digestive process in the mouth are divided into two
phases: mechanically, it is done by the teeth which chop the
food into smaller parts and then chemically it is done by the
help of enzyme contained in saliva to break the food in the form
of polysaccharides to become a disaccharide."
Mr. Rio: This process is similar to the rice which originally tasted
plain but when we chew continously it becomes sweet. That
fission of carbohydrates becoming glucose causes the food
which originally does not have taste becoming sweet when we
chew continously. You can apply it to jengkol and rice. So, why
dont you try to chew it? Rian: It must be delicious. Hepa:
Huek.. Then Hepa chewed rice while Rian tried to chew
jengkol. Mr. Rio: Rian, Hepa, how does it taste? Is it sweet?
Rian: A little spicy. Hepa: tasted different. Rian: Hueek... I
ate galangal. Everyone: Hahahaha!

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Then Hepa stopped laughing. Hepa: Oh, its right what dad said
earlier, after I chewed it, suddenly it tasted sweet in my mouth."
Mr. Rio: That is the chemical digestive process which occures in
our mouth. Hepa: Whats next, Mom? Mrs. Vina: Then
swallow it.
"Dad, Mom, after we swallow it, it went to the esophagus, right?"
Mrs. Vina: Yes Rian, that food entered the esophagus after
passed through the pharynx first." Hepa: What is pharynx,
Mom?
"Pharynx is a tube that connected to the nose and the mouth
cavity, so someone can enter the food through the nose." Mr.
Rio: Thats right Rian, it is usually done for health needs.
Hepa: Then what happens after the food entered the
esophagus?
Mrs. Vina: "The food, that is already mixed with saliva is called
bolus. It moved in the esophagus to the stomach by peristalsis
movement." Hepa: "What kind of movement is it, Mom?" Mrs.
Vina: Peristaltic movements is such as squeezing and pushing
movements performed by the muscles of the esophagus and
other digestive tracts, so that bolus is able to move towards the
stomach. Do you know what happens in the stomach?"
Rian: "I know Mom, in the stomach, that bolus is mixed with
gastric juice and chemically digested, isnt it Mom? The gastric
juice is also deadly for bacteria present in the food we eat, right
Mom? Ms. Vina: "Thats right Rian, then bolus that is mixed with
gastric juice is called kimus and driven to the small intestine,
more precisely to the duodenum by using peristaltic
movement."
Mrs. Vina: "Remember this. In the stomach, there are gastric
glands that produce gastric juice. Gastric juice is composed of
digestive enzymes such as pepsin, lipase, and renin, and
another substance such as hydrochloric acid, mukur, salt, and
water."
Hepa: "Mom, why did you say it went to the duodenum, not to
the small intestine instead?" Mrs. Vina: "Your father will explain
it. Come on Dad, explain to Hepa and Rian about the small
intestine. " Mr. Rio: "Well Hepa, Rian, listen to my explanation,
ok! The small intestine is composed of three parts, duodenum,
empty intestine or jejunum, and intestinal absorption or ileum.
The structure of the small intestine also has a lot of flakes or
what we are familiar with the term villi.
Hepa: "Dad, what is the function of the intestinal structure like
that?" Rian: "Let me answer it, Dad. That flakes form has a
function to expand the field of absorption. Dont you know, the
main function of the small intestine is to absorb the juices of the
food. Mr. Rio: "How clever you are, Rian.
While in the
duodenum, the mixing between kimus and digestive juices
derived from the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and gland cells in
the small intestine itself is occured." Mrs. Vina: "Remember this,

the pancreas secretes enzymes such as trypsinogen,

chymotrypsin, lipase, and amylase, whereas the liver produces
bile stored in the gallbladder."
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Hepa: "What is the function of the bile produced by the liver?"
Rian: "Bile contains bile salts that serve to emulsify, help
digesting, and absorb lipids because it is alkaline." Mr. Rio: "Well,
it is said by Rian. And do you know, the bile is formed from the
destruction of red blood cells that are no longer functioning fully
by the liver." Hepa: So, liver remodels red blood cells and form
it into bile? Mr. Rio: Yes, exactly Hepa, but for the liver function
itself is not only that. As a digestive gland, liver has many
functions such as outlines the toxic or toxins in the body,
maintains the homeostasis of blood sugar, and balances the use
of nutrients."
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Rian: "By the way our discussion really further away, may be
its time to back to the small intestine?" Mrs. Vina: "Well, back to
the small intestine, it had been explained about the part of the
duodenum. As for the function of jejunum and ileum itself is to
absorb the nutrients and water. From this small intestine, then
the food go trough the large intestine or colon. Rian: "Hearing
the word colon, suddenly my stomach gets sick.
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Hepa: "Mom, does colons function is similar to small intestine?"
Mrs. Vina: "Well, for colon itself, the structure itself is different
from the small intestine, so the function is different too." Hepa:
"Indeed, hows the structure look like, Mom?" Mr. Rio: "Let me
explain it. The colon has no flakes such as the small intestine,
but he has a pretty big stretch. The large intestine is divided into
3 parts: cecum, colon, and rectum. Colon function is to absorb
water so kimus will become semi-solid and will be issued in the
form of feces.
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Hepa: That feces is immediately removed from the colon to the
anus. Isnt it Dad? Mr. Rio: Wait a minute, the feces is not
immediately removed through the anus but first accommodated
in the rectum. After that it is removed through the anus. Mrs.
Vina: Well, now you already know how the food is digested in
our body as well as the functions of each channel and gland that
play a role in the process. Hepa: Mom, so that jengkol we eat
will also be processed like that? Mrs. Vina: Exactly Hepa.
+halam Mr. Rio: We had been discussing about digestive system all the
an 18 time, why dont we start digest our meal? Mrs. Vina: Your
father is right. Lets begin our dinner. Hepa and Rian: Ok Mom,
Dad.
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Rian: "Dad, Mom, talking about jengkol, there are so many
jengkols peels here. Can we take advantage of it just like people
take advantage of mangosteens peel? Mrs. Vina: "That's right.
Can we use it, Dad?" Mr. Rio: "A very good question. Before I
explain about the use of jengkols peel, we need to know that all
parts of the plant contain various bioactive compounds and have
different functions. According to the research that had been

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done by Rahayu and Pukan (1998, in Patimah et.al., 2012),

jengkols peel contains several compounds such as alkaloids,
flavonoids,
tannins,
saponins,
glycosides
and
steroids/triterpenoids.
Rian: "Well, it contain a lot compounds I guess. But what about
the function, Dad?" Mr. Rio: "Generally its function as an
antibacterial. But there is another function. For example,
flavonoid acts as an antibacterial, it also function as an
antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and hypo-allergenic."
Hepa: "it can act as antioxidants? That means its good for the
body? Mr. Rio: "For jengkols peel itself, because it also contains
flavonoids, it has potential as an antioxidant. In our body,
antioxidants are very important in helping the regeneration of
cells, especially cells of the liver, because the liver is susceptible
to compounds contained in the food we eat." Mrs. Vina: "This
related to the function of the liver in process of the metabolism
of nutrients that we consume, right Dad?"
Mr. Rio: "Absolutely Mom, antioxidant is important to help
regenerate liver cells, these compounds are usually known as
hepatoprotective because of the function for protecting and
repairing heart tissue damaged by toxic. I remember, there is
one of my student who studied the potential of jengkols peel as
hepatoprotektive that were talking about." Hepa: "How does he
studied it, Dad?" Mr. Rio: "All right, listen well."
"First of all, to test that potency, jengkols peel need to be
extracted, by drying it until reaches a constant weight.
Furthermore, jengkols peel is being cut into small pieces, using
scissor or other sharp object, the cutting relatively to the same
size. Then, pieces jengkol peel is immersed with a solvent such
as ethanol for 2 x 24 hours, then filtered, and then the iste is
immersed again for 2x24 hours with the same dose.
Mr. Rio: After that, the subsequent submersion result is dried to
form a thick extract jengkol peel. Rian: "What is the function by
immersing it in ethanol, Dad?" Mr. Rio: this immersion aims is
to attract the active compounds that contained in the jengkol
peel.
Mr. Rio: "Furthermore, for testing the extract itself, my student
use rats as experimental animals. First of all, rats are adapted
for 1 week to see if the animals are healthy and suitable as
experimental animals. After that, the rats are given with each
treatment, that are only given distilled water for negative
control, given silymarin as a positive control, and treatment with
jengkols peel extract dose 1 and dose 2, for 7 days in a row."
Rian: "But Dad, doesnt the rat liver is still good before treated?
How do we know that the jengkols peel extract has potential as
a hepatoprotective?" Mrs. Vina: "The liver used to be marred,
doesnt it?" Mr. Rio: "Absolutely Mom. Before being treated, we
are injecting that rats with one of the compounds that can
damage the liver. The compound is carbon tetrachloride or CCl4."

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Mr. Rio: "Well, after being treated, my student test the enzyme
levels in the blood serum. These enzymes are aspartate
transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme.
Liver contains much of these enzyme, thats why its being used
to predict the liver damage. The result of enzyme level tested by
using statistic analysis doesnt show the significant result and
theres no difference effect of each treatment to enzyme AST
and ALT. There is another way to know the liver damage trough
liver histophatology test that done by taking the rats liver and
make the liver preparations using some serial phases of
preparation manufacture. Then its observed under a
microscope."
Mr. Rio: "Liver histopatology test showed 20% liver got light
damage and 60% high damage by distilled water treatment.
While silymarin treatment show 20% liver got light damage,
40% moderate damage, and 40% high damage. Jengkols peel
extract dose 1 treatment show 80% liver got light damage and
20% high damage while with dose 2 show 40% liver got light
damage, 40% moderate damage, and 20% high damage. From
the result of this research, we know that jengkols peel has
potential to protect liver as hepatoprotective. Rian: "Wow,
obviuosly even the discharged parts of the plant are useful."
Hepa: From now, I will start looking the potential of discharged
parts every plant so it will reduce trash and give benefits to the
people.
Mrs. Hepa: "Ok kids, our explanation is over. Now its time for
you to sleep. But, do not forget to wash your hands and feet,
then brush your teeth. So that you dont have jengkol smell in
your mouth. Rian and Hepa: "Okay Mom!" After that, Mr. Rio,
Mrs. Vina, Rian, and Hepa get ready to sleep. (The End)