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ISSN: 2454-5422
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING
AQUEOUS EXTRACT GOAT FAECAL PELLETS
R.Karthika1* and S.P.Sevarkodiyone1
1
Post-graduate & Research Department of Zoology, ANJA College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, India.
Abstract
The present study deals with synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using
aqueous extract of goat faecal pellets. The production of silver nanoparticles was analyzed by
preliminary changes of colour from pale yellow to dark brown and it indicates the formation
of silver nanoparticles. Further, the nanoparticle was characterized by Surface Plasmon
Resonance through UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis. The observation of strong peak at
535.00 nm and it was achieved at 24 hrs. Functional groups of these silver nanoparticles were
confirmed by using FTIR. The XRD spectrum also confirmed the formation of silver
nanoparticles and the nanoparticle size is 7 nm and shape proved to be spherical nature by
SEM analysis. Elemental silver was confirmed by using EDAX analysis.
Introduction
The word nano is derived from a Greek word meaning dwarf. In technical terms, the
word nano means 10-9, or one billionth of a meter. Targeted nanoparticles exhibit many
novel characteristic features, such as, extraordinary strength, more chemical reactivity,
magnetic properties and or high electrical conductivity. Nanotechnology deals with
application in biological, physical, chemical, environmental, agricultural, industrial or
pharmaceutical science (Adhikari et al 2013). Nanoparticles are particulate dispersion or
solid particles with a size in the range of 10-1000 nm (Mohanraj & Chen 2006).
Silver nanoparticles are emerging as one of the fastest growing materials due to their unique
physical, chemical and biological properties; small size and high specific surface area.
Biological synthesis of nanoparticles has received increased attention due to a growing need
to develop environmentally benign technologies in material synthesis. Several plant species
have been utilized in this regard (Sarah et al 2012).
Green synthesis provides advancement over chemical and physical method as it is costeffective, eco-friendly; easily scaled up for large scale synthesis and in this method there is
no need to use high pressure, energy, temperature and toxic chemicals. Nature has devised
various processes for the synthesis of nano and micro- length scaled inorganic materials
which have contributed to the development of relatively new and largely unexplored area of
research based on the biosynthesis of nanomaterials. Synthesis using bio-organisms is
compatible with the green chemistry principles. Green synthesis of nanoparticles makes use
of environmental friendly, non-toxic and safe reagents (Li et al 2007).
The silver nanoparticles mostly synthesized from leaf extract of various medicinal plants.
Hence, the present study was undertaken to synthesis and characterization of silver
nanoparticles using goat dung extract.
SEM results provided the information about morphology and size of the silver nanoparticles
(Figure 2). The shape of the silver nanoparticles was found to be spherical. The average
particle size was identified as 7 nm.
nanoparticles and confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the calculation of XRD
analysis. Vaishnavi et al 2015 reported that the SEM image showed that the synthesized
silver nanoparticles was cluster and their size ranged from 14-17 nm. Similar shape of
nanoparticles was synthesized by Musa balbisiana (Banerjee et al 2014). The XRD data
showed 2 intense values with various degrees such as 37.10, 47.66, 63.97 and 70.01 and
these results are corresponds to (111), (200), (220) and 311 Braggs reflection based silver
nanoparticles (Gnanadesigan et al 2011). Govarthanan et al 2014 the XRD pattern with the
diffraction peaks at 46.1, 54.55, 67.74, and 76.84 corresponding to the 111, 200, 142,
220, and 311 planes for silver.
The EDAX spectral pattern showed the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles from goat
faecal pellets extract. EDAX results, a peak of silver and confirmed the presence elemental
silver in the suspension. This result is with consistent with many reports, leaf extract of J.
sambac (Vaishnavi et al 2015), leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta (Durgadevi et al 2014).
The FTIR spectrum of produced silver nanoparticles had many absorption bands (Fig 3) and
the absorption bands seen at 630.68 cm-1, 702.04 cm-1, 1041.49 cm-1, 1240.14 cm-1, 1529.45
cm-1, 1641.31 cm-1 ,2916.17 cm-1 and 3290. 33 cm-1 were assigned to the C-Br stretching of
Karthika & Sevarkodiyone 2015
alkyl halides, = C-H bend of Alkenes, C-F Stretching of Alkyl halides, C-O Stretching of
Alcohols, N-H bend of Amides, C=O Stretching of Amides, C-H Stretching of Alkanes and
Alkyls and C-H Stretching of Alkynes. This indicates that the silver nanoparticles
synthesized using extract of goat dung was proved to have all these functional groups in it.
Similar result was reported by Lalitha et al 2013 the spectrum exhibits the band at 3237 cm-1
corresponding to amide group (strong peak) it indicates silver nanoparticles synthesis by leaf
extract of Azhadirachta indica. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis was
carried out to determine the nature of the capping agents in each of Musa balbisiana
(banana), Azadirachta indica (neem) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (black tulsi) leaf extracts
(Banerjee et al 2014).
Fig 1: UV- visible absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles synthesized using goat
dung extract.
Fig 3: FTIR spectrum of silver nanoparticles synthesized using goat dung extract.
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