Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PMZCEBUF0QUJPOTGPS
$MPTFE4ZTUFNTo1BSU*
4VTBO3FZ
5IF/BUJPOBM$PMMPJE$PNQBOZBOE
(BSZ.3FHHJBOJ
&BTUFSO5FDIOPMPHJFT
*OD
5IJTBSUJDMFXBTXSJUUFOXJUIUIFJOQVUPGUIF"855FDIOJDBM$PNNJUUFF5IFBSUJDMFJTEFTJHOFEUPQSPWJEF
JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSEJOH UIF VTF PG NPMZCEBUF BOE OPONPMZCEBUF DIFNJDBM USFBUNFOUT GPS DMPTFE DPPMJOH
XBUFSTZTUFNT
"CTUSBDU
5SFBUNFOUPGDMPTFEMPPQT
TJODFUIFFOBDUNFOUPGSFHVMB
UJPOTSFTUSJDUJOHUIFVTFPGDISPNBUFT
IBTUZQJDBMMZSFMJFE
PO UIF VTF PG B TFMFDU GFX MJTU PG DPSSPTJPO JOIJCJUPST
4PEJVN NPMZCEBUF IBT CFDPNF B QBSUJDVMBSMZ DPNNPO
SFQMBDFNFOUGPSDISPNBUFCFDBVTF
*UJTBWFSZHPPE
MPX DBSCPO TUFFM DPSSPTJPO JOIJCJUPS
*U JT SFMBUJWFMZ
QFSTJTUFOUVOMFTTXBUFSMPTTFTPDDVS
FSFJTBSFMJBCMF
mFMEUFTUSFBEJMZBWBJMBCMFBOE
6OMJLFTPEJVNOJUSJUF
TPEJVNNPMZCEBUFEPFTOPUDPOUSJCVUFOVUSJFOUT
XIJDI
DBOFYBDFSCBUFNJDSPCJPMPHJDBMBDUJWJUZJOBDMPTFEMPPQ
)PXFWFS
PWFS UIF QSFWJPVT mWF ZFBST
UIFSF IBT CFFO B
TMPXCVUDPOTJTUFOUUSFOECZNVOJDJQBMXBTUFXBUFSUSFBU
NFOUGBDJMJUJFTUPSFTUSJDU
BOEJOTPNFDBTFTCBO
UIFEJT
DIBSHFPGTPEJVNNPMZCEBUFUPUIFTBOJUBSZTFXFS.PSF
PWFS
SFDFOUMZ UIF XBUFS USFBUNFOU JOEVTUSZ IBT IBE UP
EFBMXJUIBTJHOJmDBOUSJTFJOUIFQVSDIBTFDPTUPGTPEJVN
NPMZCEBUFSBXNBUFSJBMFTFNBSLFUUSFOETIBWFGPSDFE
XBUFS USFBUFST UP FWBMVBUF BMUFSOBUJWF USFBUNFOU NFUI
PETF HPBM PG UIJT BSUJDMF JT UP SFWJFX UIF USFBUNFOU
PGDMPTFEMPPQTXJUIBOFNQIBTJTPODPSSPTJPOJOIJCJUPS
TFMFDUJPO BOE VTF $POTFRVFOUMZ
NPMZCEBUF BMUFSOBUJWFT
DBOCFFWBMVBUFE
XBUFSMPTTNBLFVQSFRVJSFNFOUBOENJOJNBMBJSDPOUBDU
BSF UXP BEEJUJPOBM DPOEJUJPOT UZQJDBMMZ BTTPDJBUFE XJUI
DMPTFEMPPQT$MPTFETZTUFNTBSFTPEJWFSTFJOBQQMJDBUJPO
UIBUJUDBOCFEJDVMUUPTVHHFTUBTUBOEBSETFUPGPQFSBU
JOHDPOEJUJPOTBOEEFTJHO'JHVSFTIPXTBTJNQMFJMMVT
USBUJPODPODFQUVBMJ[JOHUIFDMPTFEMPPQTZTUFN
Figure One
Closed Loop Systems - System Anatomy
Air V ent
M akeup
Heat In
Heat out
Heat
E xchanger
Flow
M eter
Heat
E xchanger
P
T
E xchangers
B oiler
C hiller
E xpansion
Tank
Air handler
Process
P um p
Overflow/
P ressure
Relief
F IFBU USBOTGFS XJMM UZQJDBMMZ CF JOEJSFDU VUJMJ[JOH
TPNFUZQFPGIFBUFYDIBOHFS0OFPSNPSFFYDIBOHFST
XJMMUBLFPOIFBUBOEPOFPSNPSFIFBUFYDIBOHFSTXJMM
HJWFPIFBU
UIVTNBJOUBJOJOHIFBUCBMBODF)FBUUSBOT
GFSTVSGBDFTNVTUCFNBJOUBJOFEJOBDMFBODPOEJUJPOUP
FOTVSFFDJFOUBOESFMJBCMFPQFSBUJPOFEJTUSJCVUJPO
TZTUFNDBOCFTJNQMFBTTIPXOBCPWFPSJUDBOCFDPN
4FDUJPO0OF
$MPTFE4ZTUFN%FTJHO0QFSBUJPO
$MPTFE SFDJSDVMBUJOH TZTUFNT PS DMPTFE IZESPOJD MPPQT
VUJMJ[FBXBUFSCBTFETPMVUJPOUPUSBOTGFSIFBUFNPTU
DPNNPOEJTUJODUJPOEFmOJOHBDMPTFETZTUFNJTUIFGBDU
UIBUUIFNFUIPEPGDPPMJOHJTOPOFWBQPSBUJWF.JOJNBM
.PMZCEBUFBOE/PO.PMZCEBUF0QUJPOTGPS$MPTFE4ZTUFNTo1BSU*$POUJOVFE
QMFYGPSFYBNQMF
BIJHISJTF)7"$EJTUSJCVUJPOTZTUFN
DBO CF DPNQMFY TJODF JU JT JOUFHSBUFE XJUI UIF CVJME
JOH JOGSBTUSVDUVSF NBLJOH NBJOUFOBODFQJQF SFQMBDF
NFOUDPNQMJDBUFEBOEFYQFOTJWF.BUFSJBMTPGDPOTUSVD
UJPODBOCFEJWFSTF
CVUUZQJDBMMZUIFNBUFSJBMTBSFTUFFM
QJQJOH BOE UBOLT
BOE TUBJOMFTT TUFFM PS DPQQFSDPQQFS
BMMPZFYDIBOHFST"MVNJOVN
HBMWBOJ[FETUFFM
BOEPUIFS
FYPUJDBMMPZT
DBOCFVTFEBTXFMM*ONBOZDBTFT
UIFTF
TZTUFNT BSF EFTJHOFE XJUI B TVSHF UBOL PS FYQBOTJPO
UBOLJTUBOLDBOPQFSBUFBUBUNPTQIFSJDQSFTTVSFPS
BUFMFWBUFEQSFTTVSFBOEVUJMJ[FBQSFTTVSFSFMJFGEFWJDFUP
QSFWFOUPWFSQSFTTVSJ[BUJPO"JSWFOUTBSFVTFEUPIFMQ
SFNPWFPYZHFOBOEPUIFSOPODPOEFOTBCMFHBTFTGSPN
UIF TZTUFN BU TUBSUVQ BOE XIFOFWFS XBUFS JT BEEFE UP
UIF TZTUFN 1VNQT BSF VTFE UP SFDJSDVMBUF UIF XBUFS
CBTFETPMVUJPOUISPVHIPVUUIFEJTUSJCVUJPOTZTUFN
USFBUNFOUQSPHSBNTFMFDUJPOQSPDFTT#FMPXBSFTPNFLFZ
PQFSBUJOHBOEEFTJHOFMFNFOUTUIBUDBOHSFBUMZJOnVFODF
UIFDIPJDFPGDIFNJDBMUSFBUNFOU
t %FHSFFPG"JS$POUBDUPS*OHSFTT BUNPTQIFSJDWT
QSFTTVSJ[FE
t 8BUFS-PTT NPOUIWTNPOUI
t 5FNQFSBUVSF DIJMMFEXBUFSWTIPUXBUFS
t )FBU5SBOTGFS4PMVUJPO$IFNJTUSZ DPOEVDUJWJUZTFOTJUJWF
MPPQT
CSJOFMPPQT
HMZDPMMPPQT
FUD
0QFSBUJOHDPOEJUJPOTBTTPDJBUFEXJUIDMPTFEMPPQT
TVDI
BT
MJUUMFUPOPFWBQPSBUJPO JF
OPDZDMJOHPGDIFNJTUSZ
NJOJNBMXBUFSMPTTFTBOENJOJNBMBJSDPOUBDU
TIPVMEBMMPX
GPSOFBS[FSPDPSSPTJPOBOEGPVMJOHSBUFTUPCFBDIJFWFE
)PXFWFS
UIFTFPQFSBUJOHDPOEJUJPOTBSFOPUBMXBZTQSFT
FOUBOEDPOTFRVFOUMZ
UIJTDBOTJHOJmDBOUMZJOnVFODFUIF
%FHSFFPG"JS$POUBDUPS*OHSFTT
8BUFS-PTT
*UJTFYQFDUFEUIBUBQSFTTVSJ[FEDMPTFEMPPQXJUINJOJ
NBM XBUFS MPTT XJMM IBWF NJOJNBM PYZHFO DPOUFOU BGUFS
PQFSBUJOHGPSBQFSJPEPGUJNF(FOFSBMMZ
UIFUJHIUFSUIF
TZTUFN
UIFFBTJFSJUJTUPNBJOUBJOFFDUJWFUSFBUNFOU*U
JTJNQPSUBOUUPVOEFSTUBOEUIFRVBOUJUZPGNBLFVQXBUFS
BOE UIF BNPVOU PG PYZHFO JOHSFTT UIBU NBZ CF PDDVS
SJOH WFSTVT XIBU JT FYQFDUFE
BT UIFTF QBSBNFUFST XJMM
QPUFOUJBMMZBFDUUSFBUNFOUDPTUBOEQFSGPSNBODF0CWJ
PVTMZ
JG XBUFS MPTT BOE PYZHFO JOHSFTT DBO CF SFEVDFE
UIJT TIPVME CF EPOF *O PSEFS UP FFDUJWFMZ USBDL XBUFS
MPTTFT
FBDIDMPTFEMPPQTIPVMEIBWFBNBLFVQnPXUPUBM
J[FSBOEUIFNFUFSSFBEJOHTIPVMECFNPOJUPSFESPVUJOFMZ
8BUFSMPTTFTDBOPDDVSGPSWBSJPVTSFBTPOT
TVDIBT
QVNQ
TFBMMFBLBHF T
JNQSPQFSMFWFMDPOUSPMPSJNQSPQFSQSFT
TVSFDPOUSPM
JOWBTJWFTZTUFNNBJOUFOBODFPSJOUFOUJPOBM
XBUFSESBX"JSJOMFBLBHFDBOCFBTTPDJBUFEXJUINBLFVQ
XBUFSJOHSFTTPSJUDBOPDDVSJOUIFBCTFODFPGXBUFSMPTTFT
TVDI BT XJUI GBVMUZ BJS WFOUT "JS BOE XBUFS JOHSFTT DBO
BFDUUIFTFMFDUJPOPGBDMPTFEMPPQUSFBUNFOUJOIJCJUPS
'PSFYBNQMF
TJMJDBUFTDBOCFBOFYDFMMFOUDIPJDFGPSIJHI
NBLFVQTZTUFNTCFDBVTFUIFZBSFMPXDPTU FTQFDJBMMZJO
DPNQBSJTPOUPNPMZCEBUFUSFBUNFOU
DBOGVODUJPOJOUIF
QSFTFODFPSBCTFODFPGPYZHFO
QSPUFDUNVMUJQMFNFUBMMVS
HJFT BOE EP OPU DPOUSJCVUF OVUSJFOU UIBU DBO FYBDFSCBUF
NJDSPCJPMPHJDBMBDUJWJUZ
7BQPSQIBTFDPSSPTJPOJOIJCJUPST 7$*T
DBOCFBOFYDFM
MFOUDIPJDFXIFSFPYZHFOJOHSFTTJTBQBSUJDVMBSJTTVF
BT
UIF7$*QSPEVDUTQSPUFDUUIFNFUBMTVSGBDFJOUIFXBUFS
XBUFSWBQPSJOUFSGBDFBOEJOUIFWBQPSQIBTF0OUIFnJQ
TJEF
OJUSJUFT NBZ CF BWPJEFE JO IJHI NBLFVQ TZTUFNT
XIFSF NJDSPCJPMPHJDBM BDUJWJUZ JT EJDVMU UP DPOUSPM PS
XIFSFPYZHFOJOHSFTTJTOPUBCMF
5FNQFSBUVSFBOE$IFNJTUSZ
$MPTFEMPPQTDBOCFDBUFHPSJ[FECZUIFTZTUFNTPQFSBUJOH
UFNQFSBUVSF GPS FYBNQMF
DIJMMFE XBUFS TZTUFNT XJMM UZQJ
DBMMZ PQFSBUF BU PS CFMPX SPPN UFNQFSBUVSF JF '
)PUXBUFSMPPQTDBOCFGVSUIFSDBUFHPSJ[FECZUFNQFSB
UVSF'PSFYBNQMF
IPUXBUFSTZTUFNTPQFSBUJOHBUPSXFMM
BCPWF'NBZCFSFGFSSFEUPBTIJHIUFNQFSBUVSFIPU
XBUFS TZTUFNT
XIJMF NPEFSBUF UFNQFSBUVSF IPU XBUFS
MPPQTXJMMUFOEUPPQFSBUFCFMPX'8BUFSUFNQFSB
UVSF
CFTJEFTJNQBDUJOHUIFDPSSPTJPOQPUFOUJBM
DBOEJDUBUF
UIFQSFGFSFODFBOEMJNJUBUJPOPGWBSJPVTUSFBUNFOUT'PS
FYBNQMF
VOEFSIPUXBUFSDPOEJUJPOTOJUSJUFTBSFQBSUJDV
MBSMZBQQFBMJOHCFDBVTFUIFZBSFFFDUJWFJOUIFBCTFODF
PGPYZHFO
EPOPUDPOUSJCVUFUPTMVEHFMPBEJOH
BSFSFMB
.PMZCEBUFBOE/PO.PMZCEBUF0QUJPOTGPS$MPTFE4ZTUFNTo1BSU*$POUJOVFE
UJWFMZJOFYQFOTJWFBOEEVFUPUIFXBUFSUFNQFSBUVSF
UIFSF
JTMJUUMFDPODFSOGPSNJDSPCJPMPHJDBMDPOUSPM4VMmUFTNBZ
CFVTFEJOTUFBEPGOJUSJUFT
GPS IJHI UFNQFSBUVSF
5IFSFBTPO
MPPQT 4JMJDBUFT BSF PGUFO
UIBUFUIZMFOFPS BWPJEFE BU UFNQFSBUVSFT
QSPQZMFOFHMZDPM HSFBUFS UIBO ' EVF
UP DPODFSO XJUI EFQPTJ
JTBEEFEUPB
UJPO6OEFSDIJMMFEXBUFS
DMPTFETZTUFNJT DPOEJUJPOT
OJUSJUFT XIJMF
TUJMM DPTU FFDUJWF
MPTF
UPGSFF[FQSPPG
TPNFPGUIFJSBQQFBMTJODF
UIFZ DPOUSJCVUF OVUSJFOU
UIFTZTUFN
UIBUDBOBJENJDSPCJPMPH
JDBMHSPXUI4JMJDBUFTBOE
QBSUJDVMBSMZ NPMZCEBUF BSF DPNNPO BMUFSOBUJWF DIPJDFT
UPOJUSJUFXIFONJDSPCJPMPHJDBMJTTVFTBSFDISPOJD%VBM
UFNQFSBUVSF MPPQT XJMM PQFSBUF BU UJNFT JO UIF DIJMMFE
XBUFSNPEF UZQJDBMMZEVSJOHUIFDPPMJOHNPOUIT
BOEBU
UJNFTJOUIFIPUUFNQFSBUVSFNPEF UZQJDBMMZEVSJOHUIF
IFBUJOHNPOUIT
%FQFOEJOHPOUIFQJQJOHDPOmHVSBUJPO
JF
UXPQJQFWFSTVTGPVSQJQFTZTUFN
QBSUPSOFBSMZBMM
PGUIJTTZTUFNNBZVUJMJ[FUIFTBNFSFDJSDVMBUJOHXBUFSGPS
CPUIPQFSBUJOHDPOEJUJPOTUIJTXJMMOFFEUPCFGBDUPSFE
XIFOEFDJEJOHVQPOBUSFBUNFOU
FSFDJSDVMBUJOHXBUFSDIFNJTUSZ FYDMVEJOHUIFUSFBU
NFOU DIFNJDBMT BEEFE
TIPVME CF TJNJMBS PS JEFOUJDBM
UPUIFNBLFVQXBUFSTPVSDFDIFNJTUSZTJODFMJUUMFUPOP
FWBQPSBUJPOJTFYQFDUFE3FDJSDVMBUJOHXBUFSDIFNJTUSZ
SFRVJSFNFOUTDBOESJWFUIFUSFBUNFOUTFMFDUJPOQSPDFTT
'PS FYBNQMF
DPOEVDUJWJUZ TFOTJUJWF DMPTFE MPPQT XJMM
UZQJDBMMZ SFRVJSF BMMPSHBOJD CBTFE USFBUNFOUT UIBU DBO
QSPWJEF FFDUJWF QFSGPSNBODF XIJMF DPOUSJCVUJOH MJU
UMF DPOEVDUJWJUZ UP UIF XBUFS 'PS CSJOF TPMVUJPO MPPQT
TQFDJmDBMMZ DBMDJVNCBTFE CSJOF
POF NVTU DPOTJEFS
UIF QPUFOUJBM GPS DBMDJVN EFQPTJUJPO BT XFMM BT DPSSP
TJPO $POTFRVFOUMZ
UIFTF USFBUNFOUT NVTU QFSGPSN JO
BHHSFTTJWFDPOEJUJPOTBUPOMZTMJHIUMZBMLBMJOFQ) QSFG
FSBCMZ
#VFSFENPMZCEBUFUSFBUNFOUTIBWFCFFO
VTFE XJUI TPNF TVDDFTT BOE OFXFS PSHBOJDQIPTQIBUF
USFBUNFOUTIBWFIBETVDDFTT
'PS HMZDPMCBTFE MPPQT
POF NVTU DPOTJEFS JG UIF HMZDPM
JT QSFGPSNVMBUFE XJUI USFBUNFOU BOE XJUI XIBU UZQF PG
USFBUNFOU5SFBUNFOU QSFGPSNVMBUFEPSPUIFSXJTF
TIPVME
DPOTJEFSUIFRVBMJUZPGTPMVUJPOXBUFSVTFEXJUIUIFHMZDPMBOEUIFNBUF
SJBMTPGDPOTUSVDUJPO(MZDPMNBOVGBDUVSFSTXJMMUZQJDBMMZQSPWJEFXBUFS
RVBMJUZ TQFDJmDBUJPOT GPS UIF EJMVUJPO XBUFS GPS UIFJS HMZDPM )BSEOFTT
JOQBSUJDVMBSTIPVMECFTDSVUJOJ[FEXIFOVTJOHNPOPQIPTQIBUFT UZQJ
DBMMZ EJQPUBTTJVN QIPTQIBUF%,1
BMUIPVHI QPMZNFST IBWF JODSFBTFE
UIFUPMFSBODFGPSIBSEOFTT
FSFBTPOUIBU FUIZMFOF PS QSPQZMFOF HMZDPM JT BEEFEUP B DMPTFE TZT
UFNJTUPGSFF[FQSPPGUIFTZTUFN&YBNQMFTPGTZTUFNTSFRVJSJOHGSFF[F
QSPPmOHJODMVEFTZTUFNTJOXIJDIQJQFTBSFFYQPTFEUPDPMEBJSBOEJDF
BOETOPXNFMUJOHTZTUFNT(MZDPMDPODFOUSBUJPOTDBOSBOHFGSPN
UP
XJUIUIFBDUVBMHMZDPMDPODFOUSBUJPOPGBQBSUJDVMBSTZTUFNCFJOH
TFMFDUFE CBTFE PO UIF EFTJSFE GSFF[F QPJOU PG UIBU TZTUFN 'PS B HJWFO
GSFF[FQPJOU
BMPXFSQFSDFOUBHFPGFUIZMFOFHMZDPMJTOFFEFEUIBOQSP
QZMFOFHMZDPM)PXFWFS
BTJOEJDBUFEJO5BCMF
FUIZMFOFHMZDPMJTUPYJDUP
IVNBOT*OUFSFTUJOHMZ
UIFPSBM-%GPSSBUTJTWFSZIJHIGPSFUIZMFOFHMZ
DPMJOEJDBUJOHMPXUPYJDJUZUPSBUT
ZFUJUJTWFSZUPYJDUPIVNBOT 5FDIOJ
DBMFE-%PSMFUIBMEPTFJTBNFBTVSFVTFEJOQIBSNBDPMPHZUPFYQSFTT
UIFQFSDFOUBHFPGBQPQVMBUJPOLJMMFECZBEPTFPGUIFTVCTUBODFCFJOH
TUVEJFEFNFBTVSFNFOUJTPGUFOHJWFOBTBTVCTDSJQU'PSFYBNQMF
UIF
QPUFODZPGBESVHPSQFTUJDJEFJTDPNNPOMZFYQSFTTFECZTUBUJOHUIFTJ[F
)PXFWFS
BTJOEJDBUFE
JO5BCMF
FUIZMFOF
HMZDPMJTUPYJDUP
IVNBOT*OUFSFTUJOHMZ
UIFPSBM-%GPS
SBUTJTWFSZIJHI
GPSFUIZMFOFHMZDPM
JOEJDBUJOHMPXUPYJDJUZ
UPSBUT
ZFUJUJTWFSZ
UPYJDUPIVNBOT
5BCMF5PYJDJUZPG$MPTFE4ZTUFN5SFBUNFOU$PNQPOFOUT
5FTU.BUFSJBM
0SBM-%
SBUNH,H
%FSNBM-%
SBCCJUNH,H
*OIBMBUJPO-$ SBUBTJOEJDBUFE
4PEJVNNPMZCEBUFEJIZESBUF
NH-IS
4PEJVNOJUSJUF
/"
HNIS
4PEJVNNFUBTJMJDBUF
/"
/"
4PEJVNOJUSBUF
/"
/"
)ZESPYZQIPTQIPOPBDFUJDBDJE
)1"
/"
/"
5SJT BNJOPQFOUBNFUIZMFOF
DBSCPYZMJDBDJE
USJB[JOF
/"
/"
%JFUIZMIZESPYZMBNJOF %&)"
NH-IS
7$*0SHBOJDmMNFSCMFOET
4FFNBOVGBDUVSFSGPSEBUB
%JQPUBTTJVNQIPTQIBUF %,1
/"
4PEJVNUPMZMUSJB[PMF 55/B
5PMZMUSJB[PMF 55"
NBMF
GFNBMF
55/B
55"
/"
#FO[PUSJB[PMF #5
NHNIS
4PEJVNUFUSBCPSBUFQFOUBIZESBUF
/"
/"
""".1444
/"
/"
/"
&UIZMFOFHMZDPM
NH-ISBFSPTPM
1SPQZMFOFHMZDPM
/"
""".14XU"DSZMJD"DJEXUBDSZMBNJEPNFUIZMQSPQZMTVMGPOJDBDJE
""".1444"DSZMJDBDJEBDSZMBNJEPNFUIZMQSPQZMTVMGPOJDBDJETVMGPOBUFETUZSFOF
.PMZCEBUFBOE/PO.PMZCEBUF0QUJPOTGPS$MPTFE4ZTUFNTo1BSU*$POUJOVFE
PGUIF-%EPTFUIFBNPVOUPGUIFTVCTUBODFUIBULJMMT
PGUIFUFTUQPQVMBUJPO
JTDPOUSBEJDUJPOJMMVTUSBUFT
UIBUTPNFUJNFTUIFSFTVMUTPGBOJNBMUPYJDJUZUFTUJOHDBO
OPU CF FYUSBQPMBUFE UP IVNBOT *O DPOUSBTU
QSPQZMFOF
HMZDPMJTNVDIMFTTUPYJDUPIVNBOTBOEUIFSFGPSFUIFVTF
PGQSPQZMFOFHMZDPMJTJODSFBTJOH
.BUFSJBMTPG$POTUSVDUJPO
*UJTDSJUJDBMUPVOEFSTUBOEUIFNBUFSJBMTPGDPOTUSVDUJPO
QSFTFOUJOUIFDMPTFEMPPQXIFODPOTJEFSJOHUIFDIFNJ
DBMUSFBUNFOUQSPHSBN8IFODISPNBUFTBSFVTFE
UIFSF
XBT MJUUMF OFFE GPS NVMUJDPNQPOFOU JOIJCJUPS GPSNVMB
UJPOTSFHBSEMFTTPGUIFNBUFSJBMPGDPOTUSVDUJPO8JUIUIF
FMJNJOBUJPO PG DISPNBUFT UIFSF XBT B OFFE UP DPOTJEFS
GPSNVMBUJOH NVMUJQMF JOIJCJUPS DPNQPOFOUT CBTFE PO
NBUFSJBMPGDPOTUSVDUJPO5PEBZJUJTWFSZDPNNPOUPVTF
NVMUJDPNQPOFOUGPSNVMBUJPOTUPPQUJNJ[FUIFQSPUFDUJPO
PGNVMUJNFUBMTZTUFNT$FSUBJONFUBMMVSHJFT
TVDIBTBMV
NJOVN XJMM SFRVJSF TQFDJBM DPOTJEFSBUJPO JO DIPPTJOH B
USFBUNFOU QSPHSBNF VTF PG B[PMF JT DPNNPO BOE JT
SFDPNNFOEFE GPS BMNPTU BMM DMPTFE MPPQ USFBUNFOU GPS
NVMBUJPOTKVTUJODBTFUIFSFJTDPQQFSNFUBMMVSHZPSJOUIF
FWFOUUIBUDPQQFSJTBDPOUBNJOBOUUPUIFTZTUFN5BCMF
TVNNBSJ[FT B MJTU PG DPNNPOMZ VTFE JOIJCJUPST BOE UIF
BQQMJDBCMFNFUBMMVSHJFTUIFZQSPUFDU
(MZDPMDPODFOUSBUJPOTTIPVMEOPUCFBMMPXFEUPGBMMCFMPX
0OF SFBTPO JT UIBU HMZDPMT CFDPNF OVUSJFOUT GPS
NJDSPCFTXIFOUIFDPODFOUSBUJPOGBMMTCFMPX
XIFSFBT
HMZDPMT CFDPNF CJPTUBUJD BU DPODFOUSBUJPOT BCPWF
"TFDPOESFBTPOJTUIBUGSFF[FQSPUFDUJPOXJMMOPUCFBEF
RVBUFBUMPXMFWFMTPGFUIZMFOFPSQSPQZMFOFHMZDPMT(SBQIT
PS DIBSUT PG HMZDPM DPODFOUSBUJPO WFSTVT GSFF[F QPJOU BSF
BWBJMBCMFGSPNHMZDPMNBOVGBDUVSFSTBOEDBOCFVTFEUPTFMFDU
UIFDPSSFDUDPODFOUSBUJPOUPPCUBJOBEFTJSFEMFWFMPGGSFF[F
QSPPmOH*OIJCJUFEHMZDPMTDPOUBJOEJQPUBTTJVNQIPTQIBUF
GPS CVFSJOH UIF TZTUFN BU Q) UP BOE GPS QSF
WFOUJOHMPXDBSCPOTUFFMDPSSPTJPO.PMZCEBUF
OJUSJUF
PS
NPMZCEBUFOJUSJUFQSPHSBNTBSFPGUFOBEEFEUPVOJOIJCJUFE
HMZDPMUPDPOUSPMMPXDBSCPOTUFFMDPSSPTJPO"[PMFTBSFVTV
BMMZBEEFEGPSDPOUSPMMJOHZFMMPXNFUBMDPSSPTJPOBOEGPS
DPNQMFYJOHBOZEJTTPMWFEDPQQFSJNQVSJUJFT
4ZTUFN$MFBOMJOFTT
5P BDIJFWF FFDUJWF USFBUNFOU QFSGPSNBODF
UIF TZTUFN
NFUBMTVSGBDFTNVTUCFDMFBO6TFPGBOFFDUJWFDMFBO
.PMZCEBUFBOE/PO.PMZCEBUF0QUJPOTGPS$MPTFE4ZTUFNTo1BSU*$POUJOVFE
JOH TPMVUJPO BMPOH XJUI TJEF TUSFBN mMUSBUJPO TIPVME CF
DPOTJEFSFEGPSOFXBOEPMETZTUFNTBMJLFUIBUNBZSFRVJSF
DMFBOJOH 4QFDJBM DBSF TIPVME CF HJWFO UP BEESFTTJOH
NJDSPCJPMPHJDBM DPOUSPM QSJPS UP USFBUNFOU XJUI OJUSJUF
CBTFEGPSNVMBUJPOTBOEUIFOBHBJOBTOFFEFE
EPXOUIFSPBE*GmMUSBUJPOFRVJQNFOUEFTJHOJODPSQPSBUFT
CBDLXBTIJOH
CFTVSFUIBUGSFTINBLFVQXBUFSJTVTFEBOE
OPUDMPTFESFDJSDVMBUJOHXBUFS
4ZTUFN7PMVNF
,OPXMFEHFPGTZTUFNWPMVNFJTDSJUJDBMUPFOTVSJOHBEF
RVBUFDIFNJDBMEPTJOH"EEJUJPOBMMZ
UIFTJ[FPGUIFTZT
UFNNBZJNQBDUPOUIFDIPJDFPGUSFBUNFOU
QBSUJDVMBSMZJG
UIFTZTUFNWPMVNFJTTJHOJmDBOUBOEPSIBTOPUBCMFXBUFS
MPTT 8BUFS MPTTFT
CBSSJOH VODPOUSPMMFE BOE DPOUSPMMFE
.FUBM T
1SPUFDUFE
5ZQJDBMQ)
3BOHF
"DUJWF%PTF NH-
.PMZCEBUF "MPOF
'F "M
'F
"M
/JUSJUF
'F
'F
.PMZCEBUF/JUSJUF
'F "M
'F
GPS"M
/B.P0/B/03BUJP
SFG
o/B.P0/B/0
JTBUZQJDBMSBOHF
-PX.PMZCEBUF/B.P0/B/0
SFG
/JUSJUF/JUSBUF
'F"M
GPS"M
4JMJDBUF
'F
"M
$V
'F
GPS"M
BT4J0BMPOFGPSNVMUJNFUBMT
SFG
BT4J0BEKVODUGPS"MBOE$VBMMPZT
)ZESPYZQIPTQIPOP
BDFUJDBDJE )1"
'F
'F
)1"
SFG
0SHBOJD1IPTQIBUFBT10
)ZESPYZQIPTQIPOP
BDFUJDBDJE )1"
5SJT
BNJOPQFOUBNFUIZMFOF
DBSCPYZMJDBDJE
USJB[JOF
'F
'F
BDUJWFT
SFG
0SHBOJD1IPTQIBUFBT10
%&)"
'F
'F
NH-JOJUJBMMZNH-NBJOUFOBODFJTB
UZQJDBMSBOHF
7$*0SHBOJD'JMNFS
#MFOET
'F
$V
"M
QPXEFS
MJRVJE
NH-GPSQPXEFSQSPEVDUT
NH-GPSMJRVJEQSPEVDUT
0SUIPQIPTQIBUF
(MZDPM4ZTUFNT
'F
'F
55#5
$V
$VXJUI'F
SFG
%JTQFSTBOUT
"MM
TVSGBDFT
'F
GPS"M
NH- UZQJDBM
"DUVBMEPTFEFQFOEFOUPOFMFDUSPMZUFDPODFOUSBUJPOPGDMPTFETZTUFNBOESFRVJSFTXBUFSUPIBWFNH-%0
/PIFBUMPBEXJUITPGUPSEFJPOJ[FEXBUFSPSIJHIUFNQFSBUVSFXJUIEFJPOJ[FEXBUFSPOMZ
3BUJP
3FGGPS'FBOE$V
.PMZCEBUFBOE/PO.PMZCEBUF0QUJPOTGPS$MPTFE4ZTUFNTo1BSU*$POUJOVFE
MFBLT
TIPVMECFFTTFOUJBMMZ[FSPGPSNPTUTZTUFNT
3FGFSFODFTGPS5BCMF"OJNBM5PYJDJUZ
4UVEJFTBOE)VNBO5PYJDJUZ
4PEJVNNPMZCEBUF4PEJVN.PMZCEBUF%JIZESBUF.4%4
3FWJTJPO
$MJNBY.PMZCEFOVN
4PEJVNOJUSJUF4PEJVN/JUSJUF.4%4
7FSTJPO
&FDUJWF%BUF
7PQBL64"
*OD
4PEJVNNFUBTJMJDBUFQFOUBIZESBUF4PEJVN.FUBTJMJDBUF1FOUBIZESBUF
.4%4
7FSTJPO
&FDUJWF%BUF
7PQBL64"
*OD
4PEJVNOJUSBUF4PEJVN/JUSBUF.4%4
3FWJTJPO
/P
%BUF
'JTIFS4DJFOUJmD
)ZESPYZQIPTQIPOPBDFUJDBDJE#FMDPS.4%4
3FWJTJPO/P
%BUF
#JP-BCT
*OD
3FGFSFODFT
%JQPUBTTJVN1IPTQIBUF%JQPUBTTJVN1IPTQIBUF.4%4
7FSTJPO
%BUF
6OJWBS
64"
#FO[PUSJB[PMF$PCSBUFD'MBLF.4%4
$VSSFOU%BUF
1.$4QFDJBMUJFT(SPVQ*OD
0SBM-% 3BU
%FSNBM-% 3BCCJU
5PMZMUSJB[PMF$PCSBUFD55.4%4
$VSSFOU%BUF
1.$4QFDJBMUJFT(SPVQ
*OD
%FSNBM-% 3BCCJU
#FO[PUSJB[PMF#FO[PUSJB[PMF.4%4
&FDUJWF%BUF
.BMMJODLSPEU#BLFS
*OD
*OIBMBUJPO-$ 3BU
4PEJVN5FUSBCPSBUF1FOUBIZESBUF#PSBYNPMF.4%4
7FSTJPO
&FDUJWF%BUF
6OJWBS64"
*OD
""".14$PQPMZNFS53$.4%4
*TTVF%BUF
$BMHPO$PSQPSBUJPO
""".1444$PQPMZNFSi%JTQFSTJOH4FRVFTUFSJOHXJUI(PPE
3JUF,%JTQFSTBOUTw
#'(PPESJDI1VCMJDBUJPO
#'
(PPESJDI$PNQBOZ4QFDJBMUZ$IFNJDBMT%JWJTJPO
$MFWFMBOE
0)
Q
&UIZMFOF(MZDPM&UIZMFOF(MZDPM.4%4
7FSTJPO
%BUF
6OJWBS64"
*OD
1SPQZMFOF(MZDPM1SPQZMFOF(MZDPM.4%4
&FDUJWF
%BUF
6OJWBS64"
*OD
3FGFSFODFTGPS5BCMF3FDPNNFOEFE
*OIJCJUPS-FWFMTGPS$MPTFE4ZTUFNT
"85 "TTPDJBUJPOPG8BUFS5FDIOPMPHJFT
3FGFSFODFBOE5SBJOJOH
.BOVBM
TU&EJUJPO
$IBQUFS
$PPMJOH8BUFS
QQ
,FTTMFS
4.i"O"MM0SHBOJD5SFBUNFOU"QQSPBDIUP$MPTFE
-PPQ$PPMJOH8BUFS"QQMJDBUJPOT
w$03304*0/
)PVTUPO
59/"$&
QBQFSOP
QQ
4VTBO3FZJTUIF5FDIOJDBM.BOBHFSBUUIF/BUJPOBM$PMMPJE$PN
QBOZ4IFDBOCFSFBDIFEBUTSFZ!OBUDPMMDPN(BSZ3FHHJBOJJTUIF
%JSFDUPSPG4BMFTBOE5FDIOJDBM.BSLFUJOHGPS&BTUFSO5FDIOPMP
HJFT
*OD(BSZDBOCFSFBDIFEBUHSFHHJBOJ!BPMDPN