____________________________________________________________________________________________

_
Project :
Prep'd by:
Date :
Job No.:

Item: Helical Stair

Checked by:

Sheet no.:

of

This spreadsheet illustrates the design check of helical stair at ...

Reference : Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook - C.E.Reynolds and J.C.Steedman - 25.2 Stairs
Materials

fcu := 30MPa

Concrete

Cross section

Reinforcement

fy := 390MPa
fyv := 235MPa

h := 200mm

: depth of section

d := h 40 + 16 +

b := 2500mm

: width of stair

d = 136 mm

Ri := 1000mm

: internal radius

d1 := b 40 + 10 +

Ro := 3600mm

: external radius

d1 = 2442 mm

16
mm
2

16
mm
2

Load calculation
Dead load
Concrete slab
Steps

gslab :=

h
24kPa
m

gslab = 4.8 kPa

gstep :=

100mm
24kPa
m

gstep = 2.4 kPa

g := gslab + gstep

g = 7.2 kPa

Live load
q := 4kPa
ULC
w := 1.4 g + 1.6 q

w = 16.48 kPa

for helical stair of 2.6m width

W := 2.6m w

W = 42.85

kN
m

Design moment, shear and torsion

:= 250deg

b
= 12.5
h

:= 20deg

Radius of centerline of loading

2
R1 :=
3

R 3 R 3
i
o
R 2 R 2
i
o

R1 = 2.54 m

Radius of centerline of steps

R2 :=

1
R + Ro
2 i

Helical stair design check

R2 = 2.3 m
Page 1 of 5

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____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Prep'd by:
Date :
Project :
Job No.:

Item: Helical Stair

R1
R2

Checked by:

Sheet no.:

of

= 1.11

We choose the chart table 177 (Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook - C.E.Reynolds and J.C.Steedman)
using strain-energy principles to get the moments and force via k1, k2, k3 parameters
k1 := 0.17

k2 := 2.12

k3 := 0.42

Redundant moment acting tangentially at midspan

2

M0 := k1 W R2
Horizontal redundant force at midspan

M0 = 38.53 kNm

H := k2 W R2

H = 208.93 kN

Vertical moment at supports

2

Mvs = 95.2 kNm

= 125 deg

Mvs := k3 W R2
At support
:=
Lateral moment

Mn := M0 sin ( ) sin ( ) H R2 tan ( ) cos ( ) sin ( ) H R2 sin ( ) cos ( ) ...

+ W R1 sin ( ) R1 sin ( ) R2

Mn = 415.22 kNm
Torsional moment
T := M0 sin ( ) H R2 cos ( ) tan ( ) + W R1 sin ( ) W R1 R2 cos ( ) ...
+ H R2 sin ( ) sin ( )
2

T = 10.07 kNm
Vertical moment

My := M0 cos ( ) + H R2 tan ( ) sin ( ) W R1 ( 1 cos ( ) )

My = 102.02 kNm
Thrust
N = 0.001 kN

N := H sin ( ) cos ( ) W R1 sin ( )

Lateral shearing force across stair
Vn := W R1 cos ( ) H sin ( ) sin ( )

Vn = 165.02 kN

Radial horizontal shearing force

Vh := H cos ( )

Helical stair design check

Vh = 119.84 kN

Page 2 of 5

Rev A

____________________________________________________________________________________________
_
Project :
Prep'd by:
Date :
Job No.:

Item: Helical Stair

Checked by:

Sheet no.:

of

Design of edge tension reinforcement

Ultimate
resistant moment

Mu := 0.156fcu h d1

Design moment

M := 500kNm

M = 500 kNm

CheckM :=

CheckM = "OK"

Mu = 5581.71 kNm

"OK" if Mu M
"Redesign" otherwise

K :=

fcu h d1

K = 0.01

zcal := d1 0.5 +

0.25 K

0.9

zcal = 2.4 10 mm

zlim := 0.95d1

zlim = 2319.9 mm

z :=

z = 2.3 10 mm

zlim if zcal > zlim

zcal otherwise

Area of
reinforcement

Areq :=

Provide

Aprov := 3T20

Reinf ratio

Aratio :=

Check ratio

Checkratio :=

M
0.95 fy z

Areq = 581.7 mm
Aprov = 942 mm

Aprov

Aratio = 0.19 %

bh

) (

"OK" if Aratio 0.13% Aratio 4%

"Not OK" otherwise

Checkratio = "OK"

Design of tension reinforcement

Ultimate
resistant moment

Mu := 0.156fcu b d

Design moment

M := 103kNm

M = 103 kNm

CheckM :=

CheckM = "OK"

Mu = 216.4 kNm

"OK" if Mu M
"Redesign" otherwise

K :=

M
fcu b d

K = 0.07

zcal := d 0.5 +

0.25 K

0.9

zlim := 0.95d
Helical stair design check

zcal = 123.7 mm
zlim = 129.2 mm

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Job No.:

Item: Helical Stair

z :=

Checked by:

Sheet no.:

zlim if zcal > zlim

of

z = 123.7 mm

zcal otherwise
Area of
reinforcement

Areq :=

Provide

Aprov := 12T16

Reinf ratio

Aratio :=

Check ratio

Checkratio :=

M
0.95 fy z

Areq = 2248.1 mm
Aprov = 2412 mm

Aprov

Aratio = 0.48 %

bh

) (

"OK" if Aratio 0.13% Aratio 4%

"Not OK" otherwise

Checkratio = "OK"

Shear reinforcement
Design shear

Average
shear stress

f :=
d :=

Vf := 226kN

:at the face of the support

Vd := 226kN

:at distance d from face of support

Vf

f = 0.66 MPa

bd
Vd

d = 0.66 MPa

bd

Limitting shear

lim := max 5MPa , 0.8

Check shear

Check :=

fcu

MPa
MPa

"OK" if f lim

lim = 5 MPa
Check = "OK"

"Not OK" otherwise

Concrete
shear capacity

100Aprov
, 3
bd

400mm
k2 := max 1 ,

k1 := min

c :=

1
3

1
4

k1 = 0.71
k2 = 2.94
1
3

fcu
0.79
k1 k2
MPa
1.25
25MPa

Checklink :=

c
"Nominal link" if d
2

c = 0.78 MPa
Checklink = "Design for link"

"Design for link" otherwise

Helical stair design check

Page 4 of 5

Rev A

____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Prep'd by:
Date :
Project :
Job No.:

Item: Helical Stair

Calcualte
shear capacity
of section

Checked by:

Asv := 2 R10

:area of links at a section

sv := 150mm

:link spacing

Asv

Vn :=

sv

0.95 fyv + b c d

of

Vn = 298.5 kN

Checkshear :=

Check shear

Sheet no.:

"safe" if Vd Vn

Checkshear = "safe"

"Redesign" otherwise
Torsional resistance
Design Torsion

Ttor := 12kNm

Check torsion
reinforcement

hmin := min ( b , h)

hmin = 200 mm

hmax := max ( b , h)

hmax = 2500 mm

2Ttor

Shear stress
induced by
torsion

vt :=

Limiting
torsional
shear stress

vtmin := min 0.67

vt = 0.25 MPa

hmin

hmin hmax

fcu

, 0.4 MPa
MPa

Checktorsion :=

vtmin = 0.4 MPa

"provide torsion reinf" if vt vtmin

"torsional reinf not required" otherwise

Checktorsion = "torsional reinf not required"

Distance to center of links

t := ( 40 + 10)mm

Link dimensions

x1 := b 2t

Torsional resistance

Tr := 0.8

y1 := h 2t

Asv

CheckT :=

sv

x1 y1 0.95fyv

Tr = 44.86 kNm

"safe" if Ttor Tr
"reduce spacing of links s.v" otherwise

CheckT = "safe"
Check torsion combined with bending and shear stress
Total shear

v := vt + f
Checkcombined :=

v = 0.91 MPa

"re-design" if v min 0.8

fcu

, 5 MPa
MPa

"safe" otherwise
Checkcombined = "safe"
Helical stair design check

Page 5 of 5

Rev A