Professional Documents
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37 6
2001 6
V ol.37 No .
6
Jun .2001
( , 200437)
:O211.9;O241.1 :E :1001-4012(2001)06-0271-06
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, 5-1 x y
, a
, x y ;
b x
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y ,
;
c ,
,
271
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(a)
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(b)
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2
2.
1
, 5-1 b c
(c)
5-1
, x y
,
, ?
1.
2
, ,
Y = a +bx
, ,
x i Y i ,
x i y i , x i Y i
,
, ,
(5-1)
y i , y i Y i ,
() ,
, 1400 ,
i = y i -Y i (i =1 , 2 , , n)
, ,
n , n
i ,
i
Q
i
Q
i
272
(5-2)
:
2
2
2
Q =
1 +
2 + +
n
(5-3)
-n x y ,
(y n -Y n ) =(y 1 -a -bx 1 ) +
2
(yi
2
-a -bx i )
i =1
2.
2
(
5-8) b xy
2
Q =(y 1 -Y 1)2 +(y 2 -Y 2 )
+ +
2
(5-4)
, (x 1 , y 1),(x 2 , y 2 )(x n , y n )
(), a b
:
,
Q
, Y
=a +bx :
(5-4) , Q (a , b)
, Q , Q a b
, ,
a b
(x - x)(y -y)= xy -x y -y x
nx y = xy -nx y -n x y +
nx y = xy -nx y
, b
b =
xy -nx y
x 2 -nx 2
Q =2 (y -a -bx )(-1)=
i
i
a
i =1
S 2x ,
S 2xy
(x - x)(y -y)
anx +b
(5-5)
n
i =1
2
xi
yi x i
(5-6)
i =1
x 2i
, i =1
x , i
y i x i y x ,
=1
yx x
1
|
nx
|
=
x -x yx
2
2
x -nx
2
(5-7)
1
|
nx
b =
1
|
nx
n (x i , y i )
(i =1 , 2 , , n),
y , x ,
x y X =a+b
a +bx = y
a =
(5-11)
, y , y x
x i)=0
i =1
S xy
S 2x
Y =a +bx , x
x y x i y i
(5-10)
b =
i =1
Q =2
(y i -a -bx i)(-x i)=
b
i =1
-2( y i x i -anx -b
(x -x)(y -y)
(x -x )2
n , x n
-2n(y -a -bx)=0
(5-9)
S 2xy =
yx
x
2
x
|
=
|
y x -nx y
x 2 -n x2
y , , b
b=
xy -ny x
2
2
y -ny
(5-12)
, , Y =a +
bx X =a+b
y , (5-11)(5-12)
2.
3
,
y x Y =a +bx x y
(5-8)
X =a+b
y , b
b, :
n (x i , y i)
, y x ( x y )
, Y =a +bx ,
? ()
, b
?
273
S xy
S x Sy
Q , , i
i ,
=1
n
(y -a -bx) i
(y i -a -bx i ) ,
=1
(y -Y )2 = (y -a
Q =
(5-20)
, r =+1 x y
, 5-2 a ;
r =-1 x y
, 5-2 b
-bx)2
(5-13)
y =a +b x ,
(y -y +bx -bx ) = =
2
2
2
(y -y) -b (x - x) (5-14)
A = (y -y)2 0
(5-15)
B = b2 (x - x)2 0
(5-16)
2
Q =
Q n (y -Y )2 ,
, , (5-14)
Q =(A -B )0
(5-17)
(a)(b, b )
A B
r ,
2
B
(5-18)
r =
A
r x y , r
:
2
(a) Q =0 , (y -Y )2 =
=0 ,
n (x i , y i ) ,
Q =0 , A =B , r 2 =1 , r = 1 ,
1 , x y ;
2
(b) Q =A , B =0 , r =0 , r =0 ,
x y , ;
B
(c) Q , r 2 =
A
1 , r 0 1 , r 1 , x y
();
, r , x
y
, r ,
(5-18),
b (x -x )
2
B
r =A =
= =
(y -y )2
2
(x
S 2xy
=
2
2
(x -x)2 (y -y)2 S x S y
(5-19)
r =
274
-x)
(y -y)
(x - x) (y -y)
2
5-2
, (5-19)
- 1 ( x)2
n
S 2x =
S 2y =
y2 - n ( y)2
S 2xy =
-x)(y -y)
]2
(x
(b)(b , b )
(5-21)
xy - n ( x)( y)
2.
4
1 :
K IC
(MP a m) A K (J) ,
8 8
, 5-1( x A k ,
y K IC)
5-1 K IC
a= x -b
y =
A K
A K/ J
K IC/ M Pa
A K/ J
K IC/ M P a
1
n
x -1 .3865 n y
36 .
25 -39 .
8618 =-3 .
6118
y x (
)
10
80
40
10
30
50
30
Y = a +bx =13 .
9607 +0 .
4135 x
30
20
40
40
60
50
20
10
x y (
)
X = a+b
y =-3 .
6118 +1 .
3865y
:
, y x x
(3) r
y
r =
:
(1) b
r 5-2
x2
y2
xy - n x y
5-2 b r
x
(x -x )(y -y)
(x - x)2 (y -y)2] 1/ 2
xy
1
2
2
x - n ( x)] [
1
2
2
y - n ( y)]
10
100
10
30
100
900
300
30
20
900
400
600
60
50
3600
2500
3000
80
40
6400
1600
3200
(4) K IC
A K ( 5-3)
50
30
2500
900
1500
Y = a +bx =13 .
9607 +0 .
4135 x
40
40
1600
1600
1600
20
10
400
100
200
A K K IC
( 5-3)
x=
y =
y =
xy =
X = a+b
y =-3 .
6118 +1 .
3865y
290
230
8100
10400
x =
15500
10400 -8337 .
5
=0.
757
(15500 -10512 .
5)
(8100 -6612 .
5)
r =0 .
757
(2) b b
a a
b
xy -nx y
=
2
2
x -nx
xy - n x y
=
2
1
2
x - n ( x)
1
10400 - 8 (290)
(230)
=0 .
4135
1
15500 - (290)2
8
a = y -bx =
1
n
y -b
x
n
1
290
4135 8 =13 .
9607
8 (230)-0 .
1
xy - n x y
xy -nx y
b=
=
2
2 =
1
y -ny
y 2 - n ( y )2
1
10400 - (290)
(230)
8
=1 .
3865
1
2
8100 - (230)
8
5-3
y K IC/ M Pa
x A K/ J
2 :
, K t =4 .
0 ,
S m =140M Pa , S ai
lg N i 5-3
:
lg N-lg S a
275
y i =lg S ai
xi =lg N i
y2i
x 2i
xi yi
60
1.
77815
4.
0887
3.
16182
16 .
7175
7.
2703
50
1.
69897
4.
3008
2.
88650
18 .
4969
7.
3069
40
1.
60206
4.
5980
2.
56660
21 .
1416
7.
3663
30
1.
47712
5.
1646
2.
18188
26 .
6731
7.
6287
25
1.
39794
5.
5323
1.
95424
30 .
6063
7.
7338
7.
9542
23 .
6844
12 .
75104
113.
6354
37 .
3060
:
(1) b
a
r 5-3
(2) , b
a
1
xy - n x y
1
y2 - n ( y)2
b=
S 2xy
= 2 =
Sy
1
(23.
6844)(7.
9542)
5
=-3 .
831
1
12.
75104 - (7.
9542)2
5
37 .
3060 -
1
a=
n
1
x - b
n
1
y = (23.
6844)5
1
(23 .
6844)(7 .
9542)
5
=
1
1
[ 113 .
6354 - (23 .
6844)2] [ 12 .
75104 - (7 .
9542)2]
5
5
37 .
3060 -
37 .
3060 -37 .
6781
=-0 .
993
1.
4452 0 .
09714
(4)S-N lg Nlg S a , S-N
S-N
S ma N = C
m lg S a +lg N =lg C
1
(-3 .
831)(7 .
9542)= 10 .
8314
5
lg N =lg C -m lg S a
X =a+b
y lg N =10 .
8314 3.831lg S a
(3) r
r =
1
xy n
1
(
n
10 .
8314
-3.
8314
Sa
1
(
n
10
=6 .
78 10
S-N
x y
x)] [ y
(5-22)
lg N = a+b
lg S a =10 .
8314 -3 .
831lg S a
lg C =10 .
8314 , C =10
m =-3 .
8314
(x - x)(y - y)
=
2
2 1/ 2
(x - x) (y - y)]
(5-21)
10
N =6 .
78 10
y)]
2
()
( 250 )
,
:
[ 1]
, [ 2]
276