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Anil Jindal
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
Reliability
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. A test is
considered reliable if we get the same result repeatedly.
For example, if a test is designed to measure a trait, then
each time the test is administered to a subject, the results
should be approximately the same.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to calculate reliability exactly,
but it can be estimated in a number of different ways.
the probability that no (system) failure will occur in a given
time interval
A reliable system is one that meets the specifications.
Various aspects of
centered maintenance
reliability
System Reliability
Reliability of the product (made up of a number of components) is
determined by the reliability of each component and also by the
configuration of the system consisting of these components
Product design, manufacture, maintenance influence reliability, but
design has a major role
One common approach for increasing the reliability of the system is
through redundancy in design, which is usually achieved by placing
components in parallel.
As long as one component operates, the system operates
R s e 1t X e 2 t X e 3 t X e n t
n
i
i1
i1
M T TF
1
n
A system having n components in parallel, with the reliability of the ith component
denoted by Ri, i=1, 2, ----- n.
Also assume that the components operate randomly and independently of each
other.
The probability of failure of each component is given by
Fi = 1-Ri.
System fails only if all the components fail and hence the probability of system
n
failure is
Fs 1 R1 1 R2 1 Rn (1 Ri )
i1
If the time to failure of each component can be modelled by the exponential distribution,
each with a constant failure rate i, then the system reliability, assuming independence of
component operation is
1
1 1
MTTF 1/ 1
n
2 3
Example:
Safety engineering
Maintainability engineering
Design engineering
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RCM vs RCA
RCA:
To find the underlying reason and to find necessary step to eliminate that event
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Software in RCM
Computerized RCM tool is depicted below in the figure
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Example
An amplifier has an exponential time to failure distribution
with a failure rate of 8% per 1000h. What is the reliability
of the amplifier at 5000 h? Find the mean time to failure.
Solution:
Example
What is the highest failure rate for a product if it is to have a
probability of survival (that is, successful operation) of
95% at 4000h? Assume that the time to failure follows an
exponential distribution.
Solution:
Example
A module of a satellite monitoring system has 500
components in series. The reliability of each component
IS 0.999. Find the reliability of the module. If the number
of components in series is reduced to 200. What is the
reliability of the module?
Solution:
Example
The automatic focus unit of a television camera has 10
components in series. Each component has an
exponential time to-failure distribution with z constant
failure rate of 0.05per 4000h. What is the reliability of
each component after 200h of operation? Find the
reliability of the automation focus unit for 200h operation.
What is it mean time-to-failure?
Solution:
Example
In continuation with previous example, the automatic focus
unit of television camera, which has 10 similar
components in series. It desired for the focus unit to
have a reliability of 0.95 after 2000h of operation. What
would be the mean time to failure of individual
components?
Solution:
Example
Find the reliability of the system shown in Fig
below with three components (A,B and C) in
parallel. The reliability of A,B and C are
0.95,0.92 and 0.90, respectively.
A
Solution:
Example
For the system shown in fig, determine the system reliability for
2000 h of operation, and find the mean time to failure. Assume
that all three components have an identical time-to failure
distribution that is exponential, with a constant failure rate of
0.0005/h. what is the mean time to failure of each component?
If it desired for the system to have a mean time to failure of
4000h, what should the mean time to failure be for each
component?
Solution:
Example
Find the reliability of the eight component system shown in
fig below some components are in series and some are
in parallel. The reliabilities of the components are as
follows: RA1=0.92, RA2=0.90 RA3=0.88 RA4=0.96
RB1=0.95 RB2=0.90 RB3=0.92 and RC1=0.93.
Solution:
Example
Find the system failure rate and the mean time to failure for
the eight-component system shown in fig the failure rate
( number of units per hour ) for the components are as
follows:
A1=0.0006,
A2=0.0045,
A3=0.0035,
A4=0.0016, B1=0.0060, B2=0.0060, B3=0.0060,
C1=0.0050
Solution: