HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Accident Triangles
Major Injuries

Serious

29

Minor
Minor Injuries

29
Property

Near Misses

300
Heinrich
1930

Near Miss
Frank Bird
1970

10 near misses leads to 1 LTI

10 Near Misses For Every Incident?

Reactive :
Every dog is allowed one bite ???
Proactive :
HIRARC
HIRADC
HEMP

An Accident Waiting To Happen

Implementing OSH MS
Use of the HIRARC form
Hazard Identification techniques
Risk Assessment
Risk Controls

RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK MANAGEMENT considers PEOPLE SAFETY, PROCESS SAFETY and
LOSS MANAGEMENT
PEOPLE SAFETY takes care of people; it is analysed using HIRARC and
JHA/JSA

PROCESS SAFETY takes care of plant and process; it is analysed using

techniques such as HAZOP, FMEA, SWIFT, FTA, ETA, PHEA.
LOSS MANAGEMENT is DAMAGE CONTROL, the last resort being use of
insurance.

RISK MANAGEMENT
Various risk management methodologies typically address three of the four
basic questions :
1. What can go wrong? (Hazard Identification)
2.

How bad can it be? (Risk Assessment), and

3. What should be done about it? (Risk Control)

The fourth question ("What are the causes?") is often, typically, not addressed.

If the causes are considered, it can lead to more comprehensive controls.

Need for Root Cause Analysis.

HIRARC & JHA are for PEOPLE SAFETY

Hazard, Target, Consequence

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
What does NOT constitute a hazard.

Tripping and falling is not a hazard per se. It is the consequence. Cables lying
on the floor is. When we say cables are tripping hazards, it means the cables
can cause tripping.
A lion is not a hazard in this room. Similarly, a fire I also not a hazard in this
room, since there is no fire.
Getting injured is not a hazard. Falling from height is also not a hazard. Both
are consequences.
Not having railings is not the hazard. Neither is not wearing a safety harness.
The hazard is working at height. The railings and harness are controls

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Basically a HIRARC or a JSA is NOT a tool for hazard identification, but
hazards are identified in the process.
Hazard Identification is part of HIRARC. When you do the hazard
identification in HIRARC, you have to use at least one, or a combination of
the techniques mentioned above, and not a special technique dedicated to
HIRARC.
In JSA, most of the time you will be using the observation and interview
techniques, or any combination of techniques mentioned above, and not a
special technique dedicated to JSA.

HAZARDS AND TARGETS

A RISK emerges when a TARGET is introduced or exposed to a HAZARD! No Target, No
Risk!
The Level of RISK depends on
1) The LIKELIHOOD of the HAZARD(S) to cause a CONSEQUENCE, and
2) the SEVERITY of the CONSEQUENCE.
Therefore, RISK can be measured in terms of the PROBABILITY or LIKELIHOOD of
OCCURRENCE of the CONSEQUENCE, and the SEVERITY of the CONSEQUENCES

When you say : the likelihood is 4, the consequence

is 3, the risk is 12, what does it mean?

HAZARD, CONSEQUENCE, LIKELIHOOD, &

RISK

WORKING AT HEIGHT

FALLING FROM HEIGHT

CATEGORIES OF HAZARD
The obvious hazard : apparent to the human senses, e.g. unguarded
machinery, building defect
The concealed hazard : not apparent to the human senses, e.g. electricity, nonsmelling toxic vapours, pressure
The developing hazard : cannot be recognized immediately, will develop
over time, e.g. worn tyre, frayed steel cables

The transient hazard : intermittent hazard, e.g. overloading, sticking safety

valve

THE OBVIOUS HAZARD

Sharp edges : Knives, Scalpel Working at height, openings
Pinch points :

CONCEALED HAZARD ELECTRICITY

Faulty Electrical Appliances
Faulty Three-Pin Plugs
Illegal Extensions

THE WATER HEATER

HUSBAND AND WIFE ...

AND A WATER HEATER

MANUAL HANDLING
Factories & Machinery Act 11067

Section 12 No one shall be employed to lift, carry or move any load

that could cause bodily injury.

Is this transient?

THANK YOU