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Social Groups

Social Group

Collection of persons who identify and interact


with one another on a regular basis

Advantages of Group Life


Survival
Assures reproductive success because
of access to mates at all times, supply of
food
and
provides
extensive
socialization and care for the new born

Group Structure

Task Assignment

Decision Making

Classification of Social Groups

Primary Group

Satisfaction of Socially-based Needs


Satisfy desire for information, approval,
acceptance, social status and roles

Satisfaction for Psychological Needs of


Inclusion, Control and Affection
Satisfy the need for intimacy, inclusion,
participate in group activities, desire to
lead, dominate and influence people

Geographical Proximity

Physical and Social Similarities

Social Exchange

Factors that Influence Group Functioning

Group Size

Goals and Objectives

Defining Boundaries

Group Norms

Performance level of productivity that


members of the group must achieve
Appearance behavior required from
each member when there is interaction
among group members
Allocation of Resource how resources
will be distributed among the members
of the group

Selection of Leaders

Instrumental Leader task oriented and


an expert in making the group function
effectively to achieve goals

Relationship is intimate, close and face


to face and who interact regularly and
develop lasting relations with one
another

Secondary Group

Interact with one another to achieve a


common instrumental goal

Classification Based on Group Size

Factors that Influence Group Selection

Expressive makes the relationship


among members cohesive, intact and
minimizes tension and conflict

Small Group

Group composed
members

of

two

or

three

Large Group

Involve more members

Social Boundaries

In-Group

Members feel a deep


belonging and identification

sense

of

Out-Group

Often considered not desirable and


inferior to the In-Group

Group Identification

Reference Group

Provides values, belief, style of life and


norms that guide human conduct

Membership Group

Members are chosen on the basis of


support it gets from fellow members and
the behaviors of the group members are
in conformity with those which are
socially approved rather than the rules
of private

Purposely-Organized Groups

Instrumental Group

and kinship- centered, where people


maintain solidarity and have a strong
social control among its members and
where people participate in the
discussion and decision making for
collective interest

Task oriented group built to achieve a


goal not possible if the individual works
alone

Expressive Group

Gesellschaft

Organized to meet the emotional needs


of the membership and to provide self
expression and support

Society that does not share a common


culture because its members come from
different communities

Membership Group

Association

Purposely-organized,
voluntary
organization where the members obtain
personal satisfaction and prestige in
joining it

Economic Factors

Friendship Group

Informal, voluntary and primary group


where members are chosen on the
basis of the support they get from each
other

Pre-Industrial Societies

Industrial Societies

Territorial

Rural Community

People living in places predominantly


agricultural

Urban Community

People living in cities and towns

Social Factors

Gemeinschaft

Society
characterized
by
social
relationship that are personal, intimate

Societies that are engage in hunting and


gathering and agrarian stages

Highly mechanized societies engaged in


production of goods and services that
depend heavily on new inventions and
discoveries for production of goods and
services

Post-Industrial Societies

Societies that are engaged in the


processing and control of information,
have production systems that are on
service, work and high technology

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