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Composite Design
Chapter 6 in Text
Clause 17 in Handbook
Handbook
Text
1
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Conceptual Introduction
Concrete vs. Steel
Composite Design
Composite Sections
Plain Concrete
Strong in Compression
Weak in Tension
Main Idea:
Use Concrete to carry Compression
Use Structural Steel to carry Tension
Structural Steel
This is the philosophy
of a composite
composite section
section
Strong in Tension
Weak
k iin Compression
i
Local Buckling
Overall Buckling
Lateral Torsional Buckling
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Composite Design
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Composite Design
Composite Beam
Composite Action
concrete
Introductory
y Examples:
p
Example 1:
Given:
A simply supported beam has a 10 m
span is subject to a factored load P at
mid-span. Cross-section is 100 mm
wide x 300 mm deep. Material is
Fy=300 MPa
Required:
structural Steel
A
Composite Beam
c onc rete
structural Steel
Section A-A
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Composite Action
Composite Design
Composite Action
Example 1-Solution:
1 Based on Elastic Analysis (only
1.
outermost fibres are assumed to
yield) , Elastic Flexural Resistance
bh 2
Fy
6
100 3002
= 0.90
300 106 = 405kNm
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Deformed Configuration
g
P
M rx = S x Fy =
P/2
P/2
2. External Moment =
M fx =
PL 10 P
=
= 2.5P ( kNm )
4
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Composite Action
Composite Action
Example 2:
A
Assume
we hhorizontally
i t ll slice
li the
th beam
b
cross
section into two pieces (along the NA)
1.
2.
Example
p 2-Solution for Single
g Beam
For a single piece:
2
b ( h 2)
M
F
= S F =
rx (1/2 )
= 0.90
100 150
300 106 = 101.25kNm
6
2
P/2
P/2
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Composite Action
P/2
M rt = M rb
Notes
1. Slippage takes place between the underside of the
top beam and the top of the bottom beam
2 Since there are no gaps between both beams,
2.
beams they
have the same deflection curve , i.e., vt = vb
Also, vt '' = vb ''
3. Since both beams have identical cross-sections, their
moment of inertia is identical. Also they are made of
the same material, thus they have the same moment
Young Modulus. We have
Et I t vt '' = Eb I b vb ''
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Composite Action
P/2
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Composite Action
Composite Action
Q How can we recover the full
Q:
resistance attained in Example
1?
5. Thee resistance
es sta ce of
o the
t e system
syste iss
the sum of the resistances of the
two beams
M rs = M rt + M rb = 2 M rt
= 2 101.25 = 202.5kNm
M fx = M rs 2.5 P2(1/2) = 202.5kNm P2(1/2) = 81kN
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Composite Action
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P/2
P/2
Note
The deformed configuration of the system is
identical to that in Example 1. Thus, capacity
of the composite system is no different from
that
h off Example
l 1
A full connection:
Prevents relative slip between the
two connected pieces
Forces the plane section of the
whole system to remain plane
after deformation (as for the case
of a single beam-Example 1)
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Types of Composite
Sections
Composite Action
To think about:
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Determine Effective
Slab Width b
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Centre
to centre
Distance
Span
Methods of connecting
solid slabs and steel
clear distance to
adjacent beam
flange width of
steel section b
Support
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2. Channel Connectors
Support
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Fundamental Concepts
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Also,
Sum of the moments of
Internal forces
(M internal)
=
Internal moments
Induced by loads
(M external)
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Fundamental Concepts
At any
y section of a composite
p
(or
(
plain) beam:
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Components of
Composite Sections
Preliminaries
Cr
conc rete slab
Vh
Shear studs
Vh
structura l steel
sec tion
of
zero
moments
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Tr
sec tion
of
m axim um
m oment
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Preliminaries
Important Note
Maximum compressive
resistance of the effective width
of the concrete slab
max C 'r = c1 f 'c bt
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conc rete
compressive
ca pac ity
Crma x
r
max C '
sec tion
of
zero
m oments
Tr
section
of
m axim um
m omentt
Struc tura l
Steel Se c tion
Tensile Capa c ity
Tr m ax
r
max T
Loading
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Classification of
Composite Sections
Case 1: S16-09 Cl.17.9.3 (a)
( )
Cr
=max Tr
Vh= max Tr
max Tr Qr
Cr =Qr
Vh = Crmax
Tr = max Cr
Tr = Qrr
max Tr weakest
Full interaction
NA lies in concrete
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max Cr weakest
Full interaction
NA lies in steel
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Qr weakest
Partial interaction
NA lies in steel &
NA lies in concrete
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Classification of
Composite Sections
(contd)
Classification of
Composite Sections
(contd)
Case 3: S16-09 Cl.17.9.3 (c)
( )
[Qr is the weakest link]
Case 2: S16
S16-09
09 Cl.17.9.3 (b)
[ max C 'r is the weakest link]
Qr max C 'r
max C 'r Qr
Qr max Tr
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NA
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Case 1-Compressive
Force
t a = 1c
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C 'r = c1 f 'c ba
1c f c'
Cr'
e'
Tr
c = 0.65
1 = 0.85 0.0015 f 'c 0.67
f 'c = specified concrete strength
Fy
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Case 1
Neutral Axis Depth
Case 1-Equilibrium of
Internal Forces
Note:
Concrete block depth a
Axis (NA) depth c
they are related through
Neutral
Tr = As Fy
0 = Tr C 'r
Solve for a
a=
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As Fy
c1 f 'c b
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Case 1 Resisting
Moment
d
a
+t
2
2
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Composite Design
Composite Design
Resisting moment
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Case 1 - Horizontal
Shear Force
e' =
a = 1c
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When to design
according to the Case 1
procedure?
Q: When to design
according to the Case 1
Procedure?
Given:
max Tr Qr
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f c' , Fy ,c , , As , d , b, t , Qr
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When to design
according to case 1
procedure?
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Determine resistances
1 = 0.85 0.0015 f 'c 0.67
1. Calculate depth
p of concrete
block
If
both of the following two
conditions are met
g moment
3. Calculate resisting
max Tr Qr
max Tr max C 'r
then
go to procedure for case 1
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