Course file Rev 01

COURSE FILE
Of
(M.PRASAD), (ASST.PROF), and (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
For the Subject
( Curriculum: R13) (HEAT TRANSFER) (Subject Code)
for B Tech (III- IISEM), for the Academic Year 2015-2016

This File Contains:

(1) Essence of the Course File
(2) Teaching Plan & Its implementation
(3) Unit wise Lecture Notes
(Listing of subtopics, Graphs, Characteristics, Laws, Theorems, Equations, etc.)
(4) Syllabus Copy
(5) Previous Question Papers
(Minimum of 4 sets of Regular Exam and 4 sets of Supplementary Exam)

Methodist College of Engineering & Technology

Abids , Hyderabad

Course file Rev 01

I.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

ESSENCE OF THE COURSE FILE

Name of the faculty: M.PRASAD

Designation & Department: ASST.PROF&MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Subject and its code:
Subject for: B. Tech III Year, II Semester for the A. Y.-2015-16
Subject objective:

6) Subject schedule:
Planned
Unit
Unit-I (Modes of heat transfer,
Laws of heat transfer)
Unit-II(Fins)
Unit-III (Convection)
Unit-IV (Radiation)
Unit-V (Heat Exchangers)

Executed

From -To

No. of
periods
04-01-2016 TO30- 15
01-2016
01-02-2016 TO
20-02-2016
21-02-2016 TO1003-2016
11-03-2016 TO3103-2016
01-04-2016 TO1404-2016

No. of periods planned: 75

Remarks, if any:

From -To

15
15
15
15
No. of periods executed:

7) Target:
1)
Pass percentage:
2)
Percentage scoring 60% & above:
8) Outcome: On completion of this course, the student shall be able to:
9) Pedagogy: Black board/ OHP/LCD:
10) Methods of evaluation:
Assignments:
Periodic class room tests:
Periodic class room quizzes:
University quizzes:
University Mid exams:
Class room seminars

No. of
periods

Course file Rev 01

11) Reference Books:

1.Heat And Mass Transfer By Sachdev
Mass Transfer By D.S. Kumar
3. Heat And Mass Transfer By J.P.Holoman
.
4 Heat And Mass Transfer By Raj Put

12) Guidelines to the students:

1)Ateend The Classes Regularly
2)Assighnment Should Be Submit In Time
3)Heat Transfer Data Book And Caliculator Is Mandatory

Signature of faculty with Date

Signature of HOD with Date.

II. TEACHING PLAN & ITS EXECUTION

(1) Unit-I

Modes of heat transfer, Laws of heat transfer

(2)Planning of Lectures & Their Execution:

Unit I
(Modes of heat transfer, Laws of heat transfer)

Course file Rev 01

Sl.N
o.

Topics

Planned
No. of
Periods

1
2

FOURIER, NEWTON, STEFANBOLTZMANN

Date

No. of
Periods

Ref.
Book
no

Pedagog
y

GENERAL CONDUCTION EQUATION

IN CARTESIAN, CYLINDRICAL AND
SPHERICAL COORDINATES
DIMENSIONAL STEADY STATE
CONDUCTION THROUGH SLABS,
HOLLOW CYLINDERS AND SPHERES
WITH AND WITHOUT HEAT
GENERATION
EFFECTS OF VARIABLE THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY IN HEAT TRANSFER
OF ONE DIMENSIONAL STEADY
STATE CONDUCTION OF PLATE,
CYLINDERS AND SPHERES
STEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER
THROUGH COMPOSITE SLABS,
CYLINDERS AND SPHERES,
CRITICAL RADIUS OF INSULATION,
TWO DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF
STEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER IN A
PLATE WITH PRESCRIBED
TEMPERATURE ON ONE BOUNDARY
APPLICATION OF FINITE
DIFFERENCE TECHNIQUE TO TWO
DIMENSIONAL STEADY STATE
CONDUCTION OF A PLATE.

(3)Assignment Questions:

Executed

Given date:

Submission date:

1. Briefly explain the physical significance of "critical radius of insulation" as applied

to a cylindrical shelL 2. " State and explain the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation
heat transfer, giving the nomenclature involved in it.

Course file Rev 01

3)A 0.35m thick plane wall has its two surfaces maintained at 35c and 115c. It is
given that the thermal conductivity varies with temperature, but data is provided
only for temperatures of 00c and 100oc at which the values of thermal conductivity
are given to be 26W/ m-k-and 32 W/ m-K, respectively. Evaluate the heat flux
through the wall assuming the variation of thermal conductivity wIth temperature is
Linear.
4)What is Fourier's law of conduction? State the assumptions on which this law is
based.
5)Derive the equation for steady state heat conduction is a composite slab with fluid
flowing on the surfaces.
6)Consider a slab of thickness 1.2 cm whose thermal conductivity is 25 W/m.K. Heat
is generated within the slab at the rate 108x W/m 3 . Calculate the temperature for
the following conditions. Assume Ta=120 oC, h=4000 W/m2 - K (a) Both sides of the
slab have different temperatures, given that T2=300 oC. (b) Both sides of the slab
have the same temperature, given that Tmax=600 oC (c) The wall is insulated at x
=0, if T2=120oC (d) The wall is insulated at x=0, and heat is connected away into
the fluid at x = L
7)Distinguish between steady and transient conduction.
8) What do you understand by thermal contact resistance? On what parameters
does this resistance depends?
9)A furnace is made up two layers. The inside layer is silica brick is 120 mm thick,
and the outer side layer of brick is 300 mm thick. The inner and outer temperature
are 1000C and 8000C respectively. The thermal conductivities of silica and brick are
1.75 w/m.k and 6.2 w/m-k respectively. Calculate a) The rate of heat loss (rate of
heat transfer) b) The temperature drop at the interface

(1) Unit-II

FINS

Course file Rev 01

(2)Planning of Lectures & Their Execution:

Sl.No.

Topics

Unit II
(FINS)
Planned
No. of
Periods

HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF

TIPS WITH HEAT DISSIPATION
ENVIRONMENT
RECTANGULAR STRAIGHT AND
PINFINS, APPLICATION OF FIN
TO TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT
UNSTEADY STATE
CONDUCTION, LUMPED
PARAMETER
ANALYSIS OF A BODY WITH
NEGLIGIBLE INTERNAL
TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS
TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER
ANALYSIS OF FINITE SLAB
WITH SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE
AND CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS
USE OF GROBER AND HEISLER
CHARTS FOR SOLVING
PROBLEMS OF INFINITE SLABS,
CYLINDERS AND SPHERES

(3)Assignment Questions:

Given date:

Executed
Date

No. of Ref.
Periods Book
no

Submission date:

Pedogogy

Course file Rev 01

1)Define "fin efficiency "and "fin effectiveness" and give the relationship between
the two.
2. What do you physically mean by a "lumped body'. When can it be mathematically
assumed to be feasible?
3) A cube-shaped casting of each side 15cm is made of-cast iron { k = 35 W/m-k, Cp
= 486 J/kgK, J = 7750 kg/m3 } and is at an initia luniform temperature of 400C
throughout. It is suddenly exposed to an atmosphere at 40C, with a convection heat
transfer coefficient of 30W/m2-K.Estimate the time the casting takes to get cooled
down to a temperature of 200C.
4)Explain importance of insulated tip solution for the fins used in practice.
5). Derive an expression for temperature distribution in a lumped system
6)A metal plate of 5cm thickness is initially at 300 oC. Suddenly it is exposed to an
ambient at 30oC with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 500 W/m 2K calculate.
(a) The centre temperature at t = 2 minutes after the start of the cooling. (b) The
temperature at a depth of 1.0cm from the surface at t=2 minutes offer the start of
the cooling. (c) The energy removed from the plate during this time of 2 minutes.
Assuming surface area of 2m2 . Assume K = 60 W/m-K, C = 460 J/kg, = 7850 kg /m3
= 1.6 x 10-5 m 2 /s of the metal plate
7)A cylindrical fin is attached to an outer surface of a furnace to transfer heat. The
temperature of the outer surface of the furnace is 30 oC. The diameter of the fins is 3
cm and length is 50 cm. The temperature at the tip of the fin is 50 oC. Assume a
connective heat transfer coefficient of 25 W/M2k. Calculate (a) The thermal
conductivity of the cylindrical fin and (b) The rate of heat transfer. Assume ambient
temperature 30oC.
8)Define sensitivity (or) time constant of a thermocouple.
9) Write the significance of use of charts in transient heat conduction in finite solids
10)A very long copper rod 20 mm in diameter extends horizontally from a plane
heated wall maintained at 1000C. the surface of the rod is exposed to an air
environment at 200C with convective heat transfer coefficient of 8.5 W/m 2 -K. Workout
the heat loss if the thermal conductivity of copper is 700 W/m-K. Further estimate
how long the rod be in order to be considered infinite
11)Steady cylinder 0.2 m is diameter of 3 m long, initially at 500 0C is suddenly
immersed in a fluid at 400C. The convective heat transfer coefficient between the
cylinder surface and fluid is 200 W/m 2 K. Assuming K = 40 W/m-K, =1.0 x 10-5 m 2 /s
for the steel cylinder. Calculate after 20 minutes a) The center temperature b) the
surface temperature and c) the heat transfer to the water during the initial 20
minutes.

Course file Rev 01

Unit-III (CONVECTION)
(2)Planning of Lectures &Ttheir Execution:

Sl.No.

Topics

Unit III
(CONVECTION)
Planned
No. of
Periods

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND

ITS USE IN FREE AND FORCED
CONVECTION

2
BUCKINGHAM THEOREM

2
2

5
6

PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF
DIFFERENT DIMENSIONLESS
NUMBERS,
APPLICATION OF VON-KARMAN
INTEGRAL EQUATION FOR THE
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL
BOUNDARY LAYER IN FORCED
CONVECTION OF FLAT PLATE,
REYNOLDS ANALOGY FOR
FLOW OVER PLANE SURFACES,
CALCULATION OF HEAT
TRANSFER FOR FLOW OVER
PLATES, CYLINDERS AND FOR
FLOW THROUGH TUBES IN
FREE AND FORCED
CONVECTION USING
EMPIRICAL FORMULAE

Executed
Date

No. of Ref.
Periods Book
no

Pedogogy

Course file Rev 01

(3)Assignment Questions: Given date:

Submission date:

1. Atmospheric air at 30C flows with a velocity of O.915m/ s over an isothermal

vertical flat plate, held at 45oC throughout, and of length 61cm. Find the velocity
boundary layer thickness and the skin friction coefficient at the trailing edge of the
plate and also calculate the net drag force over the entire plate. Wl1at is the pumping
power needed to be expanded? 15. Saturated water, at a t

2. Define the critical Reynold's number

3. Differentiate between natural and forced convention.
4)The resistance R experienced by a partially submerged body depends upon the
velocity V, length of the body l, viscosity of the fluid , density of the fluid and
gravitational accelerating 'g'. Establish a suitable relation involving non-dimensional
groups
5)Define Groshof number. Explain its significance.
6 Define boundary thickness. On what parameters Hydro-dynamic and thermal
boundary layers depends.

7). Air flows over a flat plate of 80m x 0.5 m at a velocity of 2 m/s. The temperature of
air is 500C, calculate a) the boundary layer thickness, b) the drag coefficient both at a
distance of 0.8 m from the leading edge of the plate, and c) the drag force on the
plate over the entire length. Take = 1.003 kg/m3 and =17.95 x 10-6 m 2 /s for air at
500C

Course file Rev 01

(1) Unit-IV (RADIATION)

(2)Planning of Lectures & Their Execution:
Unit IV
(RADIATION)
Sl.No.
Topics
Planned
No. of
Periods
1
2
3

DEFINITION OF
ABSORPTIVITY, REFLECTIVITY
AND TRANSMISSIVITY
CONCEPT OF BLACK-BODY
AND EMISSIVITY
KIRCHOFFS LAW, PLANCKS
BLACK BODY SPECTRAL
DISTRIBUTION
WIENS AND STEFFAN
BOLTZMANN LAW,
MONOCHROMATIC AND TOTAL
EMISSIVE POWER, RADIANT
HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN
TWO GRAY SURFACES
SHAPE FACTOR, THERMAL
CIRCUIT FOR RADIANT HEAT
EXCHANGE BETWEEN
INFINITE PARALLEL PLATES
AND BETWEEN CONCENTRIC,
CYLINDERS
ENCLOSURES WITH BLACK
AND GRAY SURFACES,
RADIATION SHIELDS AND RERADIATION SURFACES.

2
2
2

Executed
Date

No. of Ref.
Periods Book
no

Pedogogy

Course file Rev 01

(3) Assignment Questions

Given date:

Submission date:

1. State and explain Kirchhoffs laws of radiation.

2.Define and distinguish between "White" and "Black" bodies
3)Two black discs each of diameter 50 cm are placed parallel to each other
concentrically at a distance of one meter. The disc are maintained at 1000K
and 500K respectively. Calculate the heat flow between the discs. (i) When no
other surface is present (ii) When the are connected by a cylindrical black noflux surface..
4)Distinguish between total emissive power and monochromatic emissive
power of a body.
5) Define Weins displacement law
6)Two opposed, parallel, infinite planes are maintained at 420 K and 480 K
respectively. Calculate the net heat flux between these planes if one has an
emissivity of 0.08 and other an emissivity of 0.7 Does it matter which plate has
which emissivity? How this heat flux will be affected if : a) The planes are
assumed to be black b) The temperature differences is doubled by raising the
temperature 480K to 540K

Course file Rev 01

(1) Unit-V (HEAT EXCHANGERS AND BOILING HEAT TRANSFER,CONDENSATION):

(2)Planning of Lectures &Ttheir Execution:
Unit V
(HEAT EXCHANGERS&BOILING HEAT TRANSFER,CONDENSATION)

Sl.No.

Topics

Planned
No. of
Periods

4
5

CLASSIFICATION AND
APPLICATIONS OF HEAT
EXCHANGERS IN INDUSTRY
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
COUNTER FLOW AND
PARALLEL, FLOW HEAT
EXCHANGER FOULING
FACTORS,
SOLVING PROBLEMS FOR
MULTI PASS HEAT EXCHANGER
USING NON DIMENSIONAL
PARAMETER PLOTS.
BOILING-POOL BOILING
REGIMES NUCLEATE POOL
BOILING
EFFECT OF SURFACE
WETTABILITY ON BUBBLE
CONTACT ANGLE, CRITICAL

2
2

Executed
Date

No. of Ref.
Periods Book
no

Pedogogy

Course file Rev 01

HEAT FLUX, BOILING IN
FORCED CONVECTION

FILM CONDENSATION, DROP

WISE CONDENSATION,
CONDENSATION FILM
THICKNESS, HEAT TRANSFER
COEFFICIENT IN FILM
CONDENSATION

(3)Assignment Questions

Given date:

Submission date:

1How does "fouling factor" adversely affect heat exchanger performance?

2. Define. and distinguish between "Pool" and "flow" boiling.

3. A shell and tube heat exchanges has one shell passes, and four tube passes. The
hot fluid enters the tubes at 200C and leaves at 100C, while the cold fluid enters
the shell at 20C and leaves at 90C. The overall heat transfer coefficient, based on a
heating area of 12m2, has a value of 290.75 W/m2-K. Determine the heat transfer rate
between the fluids for the above configuration.
4)Saturated water, at a temperature of 100C, is boiled using a heating element
made of copper, that is immersed in water. Measurements reveal that the surface
heat flux is 400 Kw/m? Determine the surface temperature of the heating element.
5)Write a formula to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient based on outer
diameter and inner diameter and with following factor
6). What do you mean by pool boiling ? How does it differ from forced convention
boiling?
7)Saturated water vapour at 25 bar enters into the tube of a shell and tube type of
heat exchanger. The flow rate of saturated water vapour is 1 kg/s. The water vapour
is to be subcooled to 200oC. The water is used as a coolant at the rate of 5 kg/s

Course file Rev 01

available at 15oC. Calculate the area required for the following case. (a) Parallel flow
(b) Counter flow. Assume an overall heat transfer coefficient of 1100 W/m 2K
8)What do you mean by fouling in heat exchangers? What are the demerits of fouling
factor?
9)Distinguish between film wise and drop wise condensation.
10)Discuss in detail the various regimes in boiling and explain the condition for the
growth of bubbles. What is the effect of bubble size on boiling.
11)A counter flow heat exchanger is employed to cool 0.55 kg / s (cp = 2.45 KJ/ kg-K)
of oil from 1150C to 400C by the use of water. They inlet and outlet temperature of
cooling water are 150C and 750C respectively. The overall heat transfer coefficient is
expected to be 1450 W/m2 K. Using NTU method, calculate the following : a) the mass
flow rate of water b) the effectiveness of heat exchanger and c) the surface area
required.

III. LECTURE NOTES

(Listing of subtopics, Graphs, Characteristics, Laws, Theorems, Equations, Problems etc.)
Unit -I ( Modes of heat transfer, Laws of heat transfer):
Heat transfer, Laws of heat transfer - Fourier, Newton, Stefan-Boltzmann General
conduction equation in cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates, One
dimensional steady state conduction through slabs, hollow cylinders and spheres with
and without heat generation, Effects of variable thermal conductivity in heat transfer
of one dimensional steady state conduction of plate, cylinders and spheres one
boundary, Application of finite difference technique to two dimensional steady state
conduction of a plate, Steady state heat transfer through composite slabs, cylinders
and spheres, Critical radius of insulation, Two dimensional analysis of steady state
heat transfer in a plate with prescribed temperature on.

Unit - II (FINS) Heat transfer analysis of tips with heat dissipation environment rectangular straight and pin fins, Application of fin to temperature measurement,
unsteady state conduction, Lumped parameter, analysis of a body with negligible
internal temperature gradients, Transient heat transfer analysis of finite slab with
specified temperature and convective boundary conditions, Use of Grober and Heisler
charts for solving problems of infinite slabs, cylinders and spheres

Course file Rev 01

Unit III ( Convection) : Dimensional analysis and its use in free and forced
convection, Buckingham theorem, Physical significance of different dimensionless
numbers, Application of Von-Karman integral equation for the analysis of thermal
boundary layer in forced convection of flat plate, Reynolds analogy for flow over
plane surfaces, calculation of heat transfer for flow over plates, cylinders and for flow
through tubes in free and forced convection using empirical formulae

Unit IV(Radiation) : Definition of absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity, Concept

of black-body and emissivity. Kirchoffs law, Plancks black body spectral distribution,
Wiens and Steffan Boltzmann law, Monochromatic and total emissive power, radiant
heat exchange between two gray surfaces, Shape factor, Thermal circuit for radiant
heat exchange between infinite parallel plates and between concentric, cylinders,
Enclosures with black and gray surfaces, Radiation shields and re-radiation surfaces.

Unit V ( Heat Exchangers): Classification and applications of heat exchangers in

industry, Analysis and design of counter flow and parallel, flow heat exchanger
Fouling factors, Solving problems for multi pass heat exchanger using non
dimensional parameter plots. Change of Phase: Boiling-pool boiling regimes nucleate
pool boiling, effect of surface wettability on bubble contact angle, Critical heat flux,
boiling in forced convection, Condensation: Film condensation, Drop wise
condensation, Condensation film thickness, Heat transfer coefficient in film
condensation

SYLLABUS

UNIT I Heat transfer, Laws of heat transfer - Fourier, Newton, StefanBoltzmann General conduction equation in cartesian, cylindrical and spherical
coordinates, One dimensional steady state conduction through slabs, hollow
cylinders and spheres with and without heat generation, Effects of variable
thermal conductivity in heat transfer of one dimensional steady state
conduction of plate, cylinders and spheres one boundary, Application of finite
difference technique to two dimensional steady state conduction of a plate,
Steady state heat transfer through composite slabs, cylinders and spheres,
Critical radius of insulation, Two dimensional analysis of steady state heat
transfer in a plate with prescribed temperature on.

Course file Rev 01

UNIT-II Fins: Heat transfer analysis of tips with heat dissipation environment rectangular straight and pin fins, Application of fin to temperature
measurement, unsteady state conduction, Lumped parameter, analysis of a
body with negligible internal temperature gradients, Transient heat transfer
analysis of finite slab with specified temperature and convective boundary
conditions, Use of Grober and Heisler charts for solving problems of infinite
slabs, cylinders and spheres.
UNIT-III Convection: Dimensional analysis and its use in free and forced
convection, Buckingham theorem, Physical significance of different
dimensionless numbers, Application of Von-Karman integral equation for the
analysis of thermal boundary layer in forced convection of flat plate, Reynolds
analogy for flow over plane surfaces, calculation of heat transfer for flow over
plates, cylinders and for flow through tubes in free and forced convection using
empirical formulae
.
UNIT-IV Radiation: Definition of absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity,
Concept of black-body and emissivity. Kirchoffs law, Plancks black body
spectral distribution, Wiens and Steffan Boltzmann law, Monochromatic and
total emissive power, radiant heat exchange between two gray surfaces, Shape
factor, Thermal circuit for radiant heat exchange between infinite parallel
plates and between concentric, cylinders, Enclosures with black and gray
surfaces, Radiation shields and re-radiation surfaces.
UNIT-V Heat Exchangers: Classification and applications of heat exchangers in
industry, Analysis and design of counter flow and parallel, flow heat exchanger
Fouling factors, Solving problems for multi pass heat exchanger using non
dimensional parameter plots. Change of Phase: Boiling-pool boiling regimes
nucleate pool boiling, effect of surface wettability on bubble contact angle,
Critical heat flux, boiling in forced convection, Condensation: Film
condensation, Drop wise condensation, Condensation film thickness, Heat
transfer coefficient in film condensation.