Materials

Materials

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Searching
Searching Techniques
Techniques

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Graphing
Graphing data
data

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Viscosity
Viscosity Graph
Graph

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Comparing
Comparing materials
materials

Use search function

Set up search criteria
Sort list by clicking on
column heading
Modify search criteria
as necessary
Click Details to look at
data specifically

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Properties
Properties Needed
Needed for
for Flow
Flow Analysis
Analysis

Thermal
Specific heat
Thermal conductivity

Rheological
Viscosity (Cross-WLF default model)
Transition temperature

PVT
Melt Density
2-Domain tait PVT

Recommended Processing
Mold temperature
Melt temperature
Ejection temperature

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Other
Other Properties
Properties

Recommended Processing

Mold and melt minimum &

maximum temperatures
Maximum shear stress &
shear rate

General
Commercial name
Manufacturer
Family abbreviation

Mechanical
Modulus
Poissons ratio
Coefficient of thermal
expansion

Shrinkage
Corrected residual in-mold
stress

Filler
Type
Percentage by weight

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Types
Types of
of Plastic
Plastic Materials
Materials

Amorphous
Same molecular
structure throughout
molding cycle

Semi-crystalline
Compact molecular
structure when cool,
amorphous when hot

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

How
How Plastics
Plastics Flow
Flow
Frozen Layer
Mold Wall

Fountain
Flow Region

Melt
Mold Wall
Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation
All Rights Reserved

Polymer
Polymer Viscosity
Viscosity

Viscosity Models

Newtonian
Power Law
Cross WLF

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Polymer
Polymer Viscosity
Viscosity

Definition: Resistance to Flow

Decreases with increasing
shear rate or temperature
High
resistance
to flow
Material

Viscosity

Water

10-1
10

Polymer
10,000
Glass

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Viscosity (Pa-s)

Low
resistance
to flow

1020
Shear Rate (1/s)

Increasing
temperature

Melt
Melt Flow
Flow Rate
Rate

Test run with constant temperature and shear rate

Useful to compare difference between material
grades within a resin family
Low MFR Material
W

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Higher
Pressure

High MFR Material

W

Lower
Pressure

Material
Material Influence
Influence on
on Injection
Injection
Pressure
Pressure and
and Clamp
Clamp Force
Force
Different materials require different injection
pressures
Different materials
PMMA
exhibit a wide range
of viscosity levels

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Inj. Pressure and Clamp Force

Lesson 10

Hi Viscosity

PP
Low Viscosity

Fill Time (sec)

Polymer
Polymer Thermal
Thermal Properties
Properties

Cp - specific heat capacity

ability to hold heat

k - thermal conductivity
ability to conduct heat

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Impact
Impact of
of Material
Material on
on Cooling
Cooling Time
Time

Cooling time based on the

thermal conductivity, density,
and specific heat
These combine to create the
thermal diffusivity of the
material
Thermal
Conductivity (k)
Specific
Heat (Cp)
Density (p)
Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation
All Rights Reserved

Change

Cooling Time

p - pressure;
v - specific volume;
T - temperature
Describes how the plastic
contracts and expands with
changing
pressure
and
temperature
During filling and packing,
the plastic contracts due to
increased pressure
During cooling the plastic
contracts due to decreased
temperature
Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation
All Rights Reserved

Specific Volume

PVT
PVT Properties
Properties
Pressure
Increases

Temperature

Amorphous
Amorphous vs.
vs. Semi-Crystalline
Semi-Crystalline

Crystallization occurs
when plastic molecules
take an ordered structure
forming crystal-like
patterns
Higher crystallization
means more shrinkage

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

p - pressure
v - specific volume
T - temperature

Specific Volume

PVT
PVT Characteristics
Characteristics for
for
Amorphous
Amorphous Resins
Resins
Increasing
Pressure

Temperature
Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation
All Rights Reserved

PVT
PVT Characteristics
Characteristics for
for SemiSemiCrystalline
Crystalline Resins
Resins

Specific Volume

Crystallization
Phase

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Temperature

Influence
Influence of
of Thermal
Thermal Properties
Properties

Alpha1 (flow direction)

and alpha2 (cross-flow
direction) are linear
thermal expansion
coefficients (LTEC)
Describe how much a plastic
dimension changes linearly with
change in temperature
Differences in flow and crossflow alpha values cause
differential shrinkage
Typical of semi-crystalline
resins

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

alpha2 (mm/C)

alpha1 (mm/C)

Influence
Influence of
of Mechanical
Mechanical
Properties
Properties
Modulus values, E1 and E2 represent the flow
and cross-flow moduli, respectively
Higher and uniform E value, lower shrinkage
and less warpage in general
E1 and E2 vary sometimes with
E1 semicrystalline resins
E2
Glass filled resins have significant differences
between E1 and E2, more warpage

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Impact
Impact of
of Fibers
Fibers on
on
Shrinkage
Shrinkage
Fibers impact Strength (Strength is greater in the
direction of orientation).
Fibers affect Shrinkage.

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved

Create
Create aa personal
personal Database
Database

Import data
CM2K
MPI

What data is required?

New Data

Check data quality

Get help from Datafitting

Tools and dialogs

Copyright 2001 Moldflow Corporation

All Rights Reserved