Apr 2010

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
2010/11 ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT
DISCLAIMER
This document is published by

Western Power as an information
service. It does not purport to
contain all the information that may
be necessary to enable a person to
assess whether to pursue a particular
investment. It contains only general
information and should not be relied
upon as a substitute for independent
research and professional
advice. Western Power makes no
representations or warranty as to the
accuracy, reliability, completeness or
suitability for particular purposes of
the information in this document.
Copyright Notice
All rights reserved. This entire publication is subject to
the laws of copyright and intellectual property rights. This
publication may not be resold or reproduced without the
prior permission of Western Power, except as permitted
under the Copyright Act 1968.
PREFACE
working with industry and government to

improve the Access Queuing Policy and the
Capital Contributions Policy;
adding resources to improve the timeliness of
planning studies;
reducing the cost and time of delivering projects
through innovation and collaboration; and
Welcome to the 2010/11 Transmission

and Distribution Annual Planning
Report.
Western Power releases this report as part of
our commitment to helping customers and other
interested people understand our plans for the
network and the drivers for those plans.
We appreciate the importance of developing the
network to meet our customers requirements.
We also appreciate that our customers projects
can change therefore our plans need to be kept
up-to-date.
In addition to communicating our network issues
and our (provisional) development plans through
documents such as this we recognise the need
to make it easier to access the network.
To this end, for major customers seeking access
to the transmission network, we are:
strengthening our major customer account
services;
identifying where there is capacity in the

network to help with customers planning
decisions.
For small-to-medium enterprises, residential
customers and the land development and
local government sectors, we are working to
improve our accessibility, responsiveness and
transparency and to reduce the cost of our
services.
We are also working more closely with the
communities in which we need to develop the
network to help optimise the outcomes for the
greatest overall benefit.
This years Transmission and Distribution Annual
Planning Report has been designed to provide
greater insight into our planning process.
I hope you will find it informative and, as always,
we welcome your feedback as we strive for
continuous improvement.
Mark de Laeter
General Manager, Networks Division
Western Power
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 2010/11 ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Western Power is presently part way through its second three year Access
Arrangement as defined in the Electricity Networks Access Code 2004. The
Access Arrangement defines the way Western Power conducts its business
and how it recovers its expenditure from its customers. As a business, we are
continuously seeking to improve how we conduct our affairs and in particular,
what judicious investments will provide the best value to our shareholders and
the customers we serve.
In that light and in response to feedback received

from our external stakeholders, this Annual
Planning Report (APR) is considerably different
from previous years. This APR focuses on the
external variables that influence our decision
making and highlights the emerging issues which
we will seek to address in the future.
PURPOSE OF THE ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT
Western Power chooses to publish an Annual
Planning Report. This APR is specifically
designed to provide information to market
participants and interested members of the
larger Western Australian community on the
nature and location of the emerging constraints
on Western Powers network the South West
Interconnected System (SWIS).
The APR also provides insight into the factors

that are considered when addressing the issues
associated with the SWIS in a prudent and efficient
manner, ultimately resulting in timely network and
non-network solutions. This, in turn, ensures the
reliability and security of power supplies.
While Western Power recognises this is a publicly
available report, the content is specifically
targeted at generators, major loads, local councils
and planning and development organisations.
The language and terminology reflects this
audience. The APR does not cover themes such
as power reliability and network performance or
a detailed programme of approved works.
The APR aims to provide a snapshot of the
network, and set the foundations for the planning
and development of the SWIS into the future.
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WESTERN POWERS INTEGRATED APPROACH

TO NETWORK PLANNING
Western Power has invested considerable
effort in revitalising the philosophies and
methodologies used in its network investment
framework. An example of this is the recent
development and implementation of the Annual
Planning Cycle whereby all of Western Powers
investment activities are integrated in a holistic
manner to ensure that we deliver network
development plans at reasonable cost. The APR
forms one part of the Annual Planning Cycle and
describes emerging network limitations which
must be addressed to accommodate growth in
generation demand.
The integrated transmission and distribution
planning approach adopted at Western Power
incorporates:
load and generation scenario based
forecasting;
in-depth system analysis and issue
identification;
extensive investigation into both network and
non-network options;
ELECTRICITY DEMAND CONTINUES TO GROW

The 2009 peak load demand reflected
exceptionally high growth exceeding 8% which
was, in part, driven by a single customer.
However, excluding this customer, the system
peak demand still grew at a substantial 4.2%.
In comparison, the average 10 year historical
growth rate has been 6.5% per annum. Given
the number of emerging resource projects, in
particular iron ore developments, high demand
growth is expected to continue. Additionally,
the annual demand profile shows an increasing
tendency towards higher peaks for shorter
durations.
UNLEASHING CAPACITY ON THE SWIS
The natural evolution of the SWIS has resulted
in a transmission system limited by the 132kV
network which is reaching the limit of its ability
to transfer power across the system whereas
capacity remains on the 330kV bulk network. This
is particularly evident in the Perth Metropolitan
areas. Western Power is refreshing its network
development plans to efficiently unleash and
utilise the existing capacity on the network.
determination of optimised development plans

up to 10 years;
Scenario-based Grid Vision plans beyond 10
years; and
robust project development and sponsorship.
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WESTERN POWER LEADERSHIP IN NONNETWORK SOLUTIONS

Transformational changes in the electricity
industry and in customer and community
expectations are driving the requirement to
connect new generation technologies, such as
large and small scale renewable energy sources,
and to improve the efficient use and delivery of
energy.
Through the initiatives delivered by its Smart
Grid Foundation Project, Western Power has
been on the cutting edge of non-network
solutions in Australia. The metropolitan Smart
Metering Trial, the Direct Load Control Trial and
the Photovoltaic Saturation Trial are concrete
examples of Western Powers commitment to
delivering energy solutions.
The deferral of network investments
without compromising network security will
soon become a reality through the recent
endorsement, by the Market Advisory
Committee, of Western Power assuming
responsibility for the procurement of Network
Control Services. This enables Western Power
to secure non-network options via commercial
agreements with service providers, where these
options present a more economic alternative to
network development.
These solutions will assist Western Power to
maximise the utilisation of its assets into the
future by providing the ability to manage the
demand profile, particularly during peak periods.
MID WEST ENERGY PROJECT

Western Power is currently developing an option
to augment the 330kV network by extending
it northwards from Perth to the Karara Mine
via Eneabba. This project is contingent upon
funding being granted by the State Government
and Regulatory Approvals being granted.
Should this project proceed, it will provide a
platform to effectively secure the future supply
to Geraldton.
STRUCTURE OF THE APR
The structure of the APR has been designed
to allow the reader to easily understand how
Western Power plans the SWIS by studying
emerging issues and developing potential
solutions. The following topics are covered in
the APR:
Chapter 1: Introduction;
Chapter 2: Planning considerations;
Chapter 3: History of the SWIS;
Chapter 4: Demand forecasting;
Chapter 5: Generation scenario planning;
Chapter 6: Completed projects;
Chapter 7: Transmission emerging issues and
potential solutions; and
Chapter 8: Supply issues.
INVITATION TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK
Western Power welcomes feedback. Please
refer to Section 1.4 for available options.
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CONTENTS
1 Introduction
1.1 Role of Western Power
1.2 Interaction with the Statement of Opportunities report
1.3 Differences from Last Years APR
1.4 Invitation to provide feedback
2 Planning Considerations
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Electricity Regulation in Western Australia

Western Powers Funding Process
Western Powers Planning Process
Environmental approvals
Stakeholder and community engagement
Western Powers approach to sustainability
3 History of the SWIS

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
How the network has evolved

State of the current network
Transmission future strategy
Western Powers Smart Grid Program
4 Demand Forecasting
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Introduction
Forecasting methodology
Review of 2009 growth
2011 to 2020 demand forecast
5 Generation scenario planning

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
Generation connection arrangement

Use of scenarios in transmission planning
Generation Scenario development
Part A: Determine outlooks (top down approach)
Part B: Determine planting schedules (bottom up approach)
Part C: Determination of final project probabilities
10
10
10
11
11
12
12
14
16
19
22
24
26
26
33
33
33
40
40
42
44
45
51
51
52
52
54
54
55
6 Completed Projects
62
7 Transmission Emerging Issues and Potential Solutions
67
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
Bulk system issues system wide

Metro Region
Country North
Country South
Country East
Country Goldfields
8 Supply Issues
8.1 Metro Planning Region
8.2 Country Planning Region
67
70
77
82
85
86
89
90
127
Appendices
145
Appendix A Abbreviations and Definitions
145
Appendix B Cross Reference of Department of Development,

LGA, Western Power Region
147
Appendix C Estimated Maximum Short Circuit Levels
151
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 21: Annual Planning Cycle
15
Figure 22: Western Powers Environmental Approvals Process
20
Figure 23: Projects and Community Messages
22
Figure 24: Demonstration example showing forecast of

remaining capacity on existing zone substations
24
Figure 25: Generation Connection Capacity Map for the Perth

Metropolitan and Peel regions
25
Figure 31: Peak System Load and Western Australian Population
29
Figure 32: Cross-over from Winter Peak to Summer Peak
29
Figure 33: Smart Grid Foundation Project Relationship
35
Figure 34: Single Phase Smart Meter
35
Figure 35: Average Summer Residential Demand Profiles
36
Figure 36: Denmark Peak Demand Forecast and Supply Capacity
38
Figure 41: SWIS Load Duration Curves for 2000/01, 2004/05 and 2009/10 41
Figure 42: IMO and Western Power 2010 Forecasts
43
Figure 43: Western Power (SWIS) Historical Demand Growth Rates
44
Figure 44: Western Power (SWIS) Forecast Demand Growth Rates
45
Figure 45: Metro CBD Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)
47
Figure 46: Metro North Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)
47
Figure 47: Metro South Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)
48
Figure 48: Metro East Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)
48
Figure 49: Country North Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)
49
Figure 410: Country South Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)
49
Figure 411: Country East Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)
50
Figure 412: Country Goldfields Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)
50
Figure 51: Generation scenario planning methodology
53
Figure 71: SWIS Planning Regions and Metro Region Sectors
68
Figure 72: Existing supply to Metro CBD
72
Figure 73: Potential rearrangement of power flows supplying Metro CBD
72
Figure 74: Existing supply to Metro East
76
Figure 75: Potential rearrangement of future power flows

supplying Metro East
76
Figure 76: Existing network layout showing area where capacity

is constrained
77
Figure 77: Country North (Mid West) region peak load forecast
(ex Eneabba/Muchea)
79
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Figure 78: Mid West Energy Project (MWEP) proposals
81
Figure 79: Country South Region with two transmission study areas
83
Figure 710: Country East transmission network
85
Figure 711: Country Goldfields region 132kV network
87
Figure 712: Peak Load Demand Central Forecast for Country

Goldfields Region
88
Figure 81: Metro Planning Region Metro Planning Sectors
91
Figure 82: Metro CBD (11kV) Planning Sector
92
Figure 83: Metro North Planning Sector Voltage Planning Clusters
95
Figure 84: Metro North 6.6kV Planning Cluster
96
Figure 85: Metro North 11kV (A) Planning Cluster
98
Figure 86: Metro North 11kV (B) Planning Cluster
100
Figure 87: Metro North 22kV (A) Planning Cluster
102
Figure 88: Metro North 22kV (B) Planning Cluster
104
Figure 89: Metro South Planning Sector Voltage Planning Clusters
108
Figure 810: Metro South 6.6kV Planning Cluster
109
Figure 811: Metro South 11kV (A) Planning Cluster
111
Figure 812: Metro South 11kV (B) Planning Cluster
113
Figure 813: Metro South 22kV (A) Planning Cluster
115
Figure 814: Metro South 22kV (B) Planning Cluster
118
Figure 815: Metro South 22kV (C) Planning Cluster
121
Figure 816: Metro East Planning Sector
124
Figure 817: Country Planning Region
127
Figure 818: Country North Planning Region
129
Figure 819: Country South Planning Region
133
Figure 820: Country East Planning Region
138
Figure 821: Country Goldfields Planning Region
142
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LIST OF TABLE S
Table 21: Project Planning and the Community
22
Table 31: Comparison of Transmission Lines installed in 1971 and 1996 28

Table 32: History of Generation Capacity in SWIS
30
Table 33: Western Australian Population and SWIS Generation

Capacity Milestones
32
Table 41: Western Power Historical Demand Growth Rates at System Peak 45
Table 42: Central MW Load Forecast PoE10 for summer peak load
demand in years 2011 to 2020
46
Table 43: Percent Change Central Forecast PoE10 for summer peak
load demand in years 2011 to 2020
46
Table 51: Most likely generation scenarios
56
Table 52: Registered generation facilities Existing and committed
57
Table 53: Registered DSM facilities Existing and committed
59
Table 54: Generation planting for the four most likely scenarios
60
Table 61: Augmentation to Transmission Lines Network
62
Table 62: New Terminal and Zone Substations
63
Table 63: Augmentation to Existing Supply Points and

Distribution Networks
63
Table 64: Augmentation to Distribution Feeder Network
64
Table 65: Installation of Capacitor Compensation and Mitigation of

Voltage Constraints on Distribution Network
66
Table 71: 2020 Demand scenarios
78
Table 81: Metro CBD Zone Substation, LGA and Region
93
Table 82: Metro CBD Committed Projects
93
Table 83: Metro North 6.6kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region
97
Table 84: Metro North 6.6kV Committed Projects
97
Table 85: Metro North 11kV (A) Zone Substation, LGA and Region
99
Table 86: Metro North 11kV (A) Committed Projects
99
Table 87: Metro North 11kV (B) Zone Substation, LGA and Region
101
Table 88: Metro North 11kV (B) Committed Projects
101
Table 89: Metro North 22kV (A) Zone Substation, LGA and Region
103
Table 810: Metro North 22kV (A) Committed Projects
103
Table 811: Metro North 22kV (B) Zone Substation, LGA and Region
105
Table 812: Metro North 22kV (B) Committed Projects
106
Table 813: Metro South 6.6kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region
110
Table 814: Metro South 6.6kV Committed Projects
110
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Table 815: Metro South 11kV (A) Zone Substation, LGA and Region
112
Table 816: Metro South 11kV (A) Committed Projects
112
Table 817: Metro South 11kV (B) Zone Substation, LGA and Region
114
Table 818: Metro South 11kV (B) Committed Projects
114
Table 819: Metro South 22kV (A) Zone Substation, LGA and Region
116
Table 820: Metro South 22kV (A) Committed Projects
117
Table 821: Metro South 22kV (B) Zone Substation, LGA and Region
119
Table 822: Metro South 22kV (B) Committed Projects
120
Table 823: Metro South 22kV (C) Zone Substation, LGA and Region 122
Table 824: Metro South 22kV (C) Committed Projects
122
Table 825: Metro East 6.6kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region
125
Table 826: Metro East 6.6kV Committed Projects
125
Table 827: Metro East 22kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region
125
Table 828: Metro East 22kV Committed Projects
126
Table 829: Country North 33kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region
130
Table 830: Country North 33kV Committed Projects
131
Table 831: Country North 11kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region
131
Table 832: Country North 11kV Committed Projects
132
Table 833: Country South 22kV Study Areas, Zone Substation,

LGA and Region
134
Table 834: Country South 22kV South West Study Area

Committed Projects
136
Table 835: Country South 22kV Great Southern Study Area

Committed Projects
137
Table 836: Country South 33kV Committed Projects
137
Table 837: Country East 22kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region
139
Table 838: Country East 22kV Committed Projects
140
Table 839: Country East 33kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region
141
Table 840: Country East 33kV Committed Projects
141
Table 841: Country Goldfields 11kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region 143
Table 842: Country Goldfields 11kV Committed Projects
143
Table 843: Country Goldfields 33kV Zone Substation, LGA and Region 144
Table 844: Country Goldfields 33kV Committed Projects
144
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INTRODUCTION
Kalbarri
Geraldton
Three Springs
Eneabba
Moora
Kalgoorlie
Southern Cross
Northam
Merredin
PERTH
Pinjarra
Lake Grace
Bunbury
Wagin
Ravensthorpe
Busselton
Manjimup
Albany
Western Power owns, operates and maintains the transmission and distribution network also
known as the South West Interconnected System (SWIS). The SWIS reaches from Albany in
the south, Kalbarri in the north and Kalgoorlie in the east and comprises more than 96,000
km of powerlines, 630,000 wood poles, 225,000 streetlights and almost 14,000 substations.
Transmission network voltages are 330kV, 220kV, 132kV and 66kV. The distribution network
voltages are 33kV, 22kV, 11kV and 6.6kV.
Contrary to most networks in the world, the

SWIS operates as an islanded network due to
the geographic isolation of Western Australia.
This means that it has no connections to other
networks which would allow it to share electrical
energy and provide emergency support during
major events. The SWIS is a relatively large
network covering an expansive geographic
region.
1.1
ROLE OF WESTERN POWER
Western Power is responsible for the

safe, reliable and efficient distribution and
transmission of electricity in the SWIS. Western
Power connects electricity to homes and
businesses, and is responsible for maintaining
and upgrading the electricity network
Until recently, Western Power Corporation was
an integrated energy company which owned
and operated the generation, transmission and
distribution infrastructure in Western Australia.
On 1 April 2006, Western Power Corporation
was restructured into four new Government
owned corporations:
Verve Energy, a generation corporation

responsible for power generation in the SWIS;
Synergy, a retail corporation responsible for
the sale of electricity in the SWIS;
Horizon Power, a regional power corporation
responsible for electricity in all areas outside
of the SWIS; and
Western Power, a networks corporation
responsible for the transport of electricity
within the SWIS.
1.2 INTERACTION WITH THE STATEMENT OF
OPPORTUNITIES REPORT
This APR complements the role of the
Independent Market Operators (IMO) 2010
Statement of Opportunities report (SoO). While
the SoO focuses on the overall adequacy of
generation capacity, the focus of the APR is
on identifying emerging issues, and potential
solutions for, the Transmission and Distribution
networks.
|10|
Western Power prepares its own scenariobased generation and demand forecasts which
are compared to the information provided in the
IMOs SoO.
1.4 INVITATION TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK
1.3 DIFFERENCES FROM LAST YEARS APR
Comments on this document should be sent to:
The APR for 2010/11 is significantly different

from previous years. Extensive consultation
with key stakeholders has, in part, resulted in
these changes. The principal differences in the
structure of this APR, compared to previous
reports, are:
Manager Network Planning and Development

Western Power
GPO Box L921, Perth WA 6842
Telephone: (08) 9326 6685
Facsimile (08) 9218 5167
The development of load and generation

scenarios to consider a range of input
variables to the Western Power planning
process;
The identification of emerging issues and
refreshing strategies in order to develop future
integrated solutions for the Transmission and
Distribution networks; and
Western Power has also shifted focus from a
reactive based planning environment to one
where over a 10 year planning horizon, to
develop plans including different contingency
scenarios based on a number of future load
and generation scenarios, and plans are
developed to cover the majority of scenariobased outcomes.
Western Power welcomes feedback on this

Transmission and Distribution Annual Planning
Report.
Comments can also be submitted by email to

apr@westernpower.com.au
Western Power would particularly like to hear
from parties who are considering investments
that, based on the information provided here,
would appear to either:
delay requirements for network development
options; or
accelerate requirements for network
development options.
Relevant information will be incorporated in
Western Powers planning process and reflected
in future editions of the Annual Planning Report.
|11|
PLANNING
CONSIDER ATIONS
This chapter briefly outlines the network access regulatory regime under which
Western Power operates together with a description of the planning process
and related considerations affecting the development of the network.
The chapter provides:

an overview of the network access regulatory
regime in place in Western Australia, including
an outline of the Regulatory Test and New
Facilities Investment Test and their effect on
Western Powers planning;
an outline of how Western Powers funding is
linked to the State budgetary cycle;
a description of the planning process,
including how Western Power uses load and
generation forecasts, determines planning
triggers, uses a risk framework and applies the
Technical Rules and Planning Criteria;
a description of the environmental approvals
process, including the requirement to secure
environmental offsets;
information regarding how Western Power
communicates and engages with the
community and our stakeholders, including
our community consultation approach; and
2.1 ELECTRICITY REGULATION IN WESTERN

AUSTRALIA
Western Powers operations are guided by
legislation including Acts, regulations, rules and
codes. This legislation requires that Western
Power to interact with various regulatory
and/or policy making bodies, including the
Economic Regulation Authority (ERA), the
Independent Market Operator (IMO), the Office
of Energy (OoE), Energy Safety (part of the
Department of Commerce), and others such as
the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
and WorkSafe. The legislation covers almost
all aspects of Western Powers operations,
from setting network performance targets,
determining the commercial return on assets
and provision of network access, through to
the proper disposal of waste and the safety of
employees and the public. The discussion in
this Section is confined to the network access
regulatory regime.
Western Powers approach to sustainability.
|12|
The Electricity Networks Access Code 2004

(Access Code)1, made under the Electricity
Industry Act 20042, establishes a framework for
third party access to electricity transmission
and distribution networks with the objective of
promoting the economically efficient investment
in, and operation and use of, networks and
services of networks in Western Australia
in order to promote competition in markets
upstream and downstream of the networks.
ACCESS ARRANGEMENT
The Access Code requires Western Power
to have an approved Access Arrangement.
This arrangement is a formal set of business
rules designed to ensure Western Power, as a
monopoly, is providing an efficient service at
a fair price, and which determine the revenue
that the utility can receive (e.g. from network
tariffs). In conjunction with the Technical Rules,
also mandated by the Access Code, the Access
Arrangement provides a solid regulatory
framework for Western Powers business.
The Access Arrangement covers:
regulated revenue Western Power can earn
over each year of the Access Arrangement;
charges and conditions for users to access
the network, including a standard access
contract;
customer contributions and applications and
queuing policies describing how charges are
calculated for customers wishing to connect to
the network and the process Western Power
follows for processing their application to
connect;
performance and reliability standards; and
capital and operational expenditure forecasts
for each year and demonstration of efficiency
of past expenditure.
The Technical Rules for design and operation

of the network, with which Western Power,
generators and consumers must comply, is
not a formal part of the Access Arrangement,
however, the rules do form the technical basis
for many investment decisions and capital
expenditure forecasts.
Access Arrangement provisions must
be approved by the ERA, along with any
subsequent amendments. AA1 and AA2 each
covered three years (2006-09 and 2009-12
respectively). AA2 was approved by the ERA in
January 2010. AA3, to be submitted to the ERA
in 2011 for approval, is expected to cover the
five year period from July 2012 through June
2017.
REGULATORY TEST
Chapter 9 of the Access Code requires Western
Power to conduct a Regulatory Test for a major
augmentation project, with costs current as at
1 July 2010. Costs are annually adjusted by the
CPI, if:
for transmission projects, the estimated cost
exceeds $31.6 million;
for distribution projects, the estimated cost
exceeds $10.5 million; and
for combined transmission and distribution
projects, the estimated cost exceeds $31.6
million.
To satisfy the Regulatory Test, Western Power
must demonstrate that, in selecting a preferred
solution to address a network issue, all viable
options, including non-network options
(e.g. contracted demand management and
generation support) were considered and the
preferred solution maximises the net benefit to
those who generate, transport and consume
electricity. Examples of net benefits include
improving supply reliability, maintaining safety
standards and reducing electricity generation
costs, increasing the productivity of electricity
consumers through reduced electricity prices.
1 Government of Western Australia, State Law Publisher,

Government Gazette No 205 (30 November 2004). Electricity
Networks Access Code 2004. Retrieved from http://www.slp.
wa.gov.au/gazette/gazette.nsf/gazlist/2C360789573C223148
256F5C0010ED84/$file/gg205.pdf
2 Government of Western Australia, State Law
Publisher, (23 April 2004). Electricity Industry Act 2004.
Retrieved from http://www.slp.wa.gov.au/pco/prod/
FileStore.nsf/Documents/MRDocument:4879P/$FILE/
ElecityIndusAct2004_00-00-03.pdf?OpenElement
|13|
NEW FACILITIES INVESTMENT TEST

New facilities investment is the capital cost
associated with a network augmentation.
The New Facilities Investment Test (NFIT) is
the formal methodology required by Chapter
6 of the Access Code - and applied by the
ERA - to assess the justification of each new
network augmentation (regardless of value)
and the expenditure efficiency. The NFIT is
typically conducted at the end of an Access
Arrangement period. It is the measure used to
determine whether Western Power is following
good business practice in capital investment
decisions and efficient project execution.
An NFIT assessment, in essence, seeks to
answer the following question:
Is Western Power planning to do the right
things, at the right price and at the right
time?
Meeting the NFIT is essential to recovering the
full cost of Western Powers investments. Failure
to pass the NFIT will result in the ERA excluding
the associated cost from Western Powers
Regulated Asset Base, which can limit Western
Powers ability to:
earn additional revenue from that investment;
pay back past borrowings; and
operate as a sustainable commercial entity.
To minimise the risk of a write-down of the value
of capital investments, Western Power seeks
pre-approval of the NFIT on selected capital
projects and programs.
The NFIT consists of two parts:
Part One states that Western Power must
efficiently minimise costs. This can be
done by selecting the right option in which to
invest (i.e. the solution which maximises net
benefits), and controlling and minimising costs
as the project is delivered.
Part Two requires Western Power to
demonstrate how the investment should
be recovered, either via customers through
network tariffs, or from individual customers
through a combination of network tariffs and
capital contributions.
2.2 WESTERN POWERS FUNDING PROCESS
The discussion in Section 2.1 included a
description of the process Western Power
is required to follow to demonstrate that its
investments are efficient.
If Western Power is able to meet that

requirement, then over time, it will be able
to earn revenue from customers via network
tariffs, thereby recovering the cost of those
investments.
While the upfront cost of some of the
investments may be funded out of retained
earnings, each year Western Power seeks
to borrow additional funds via the State
Governments Budget process. As a result,
Western Power competes for funds alongside
other State Government utilities and
departments, and its borrowings have a direct
impact on State debt.
To fulfill its obligations under Section 88 of the
Electricity Corporations Act 2005, Western
Power must submit a Strategic Development
Plan (SDP) to the State Government each
year. The SDP is an input to the State Budget
process, and it sets out the business objectives,
strategies, targets, and forward financial
projections for Western Power.
The State Budget process commences in
October each year with the mid-year review,
and continues through to the announcement of
the State Budget in the following May. These
activities are coordinated by the Department of
Treasury and Finance. The Minister for Energy
must approve Western Powers input to the
process.
The announcement of the State Budget in May
each year informs Western Power of the funding
that has been allocated to it. This then enables
Western Power to confirm the allocation of
funds to various work programs and projects.
2.3 WESTERN POWERS PLANNING PROCESS
This Section outlines Western Powers planning
process and includes discussion relating to
network development planning, long-term
strategic planning and the consideration of
Network Control Services (NCS).
2.3.1 NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Western Power applies risk management
principles when applying its network
development planning process. Western
Powers planning process is focused on
balancing network costs against the impact of
unreliable or insufficient supply on customers.
The process is applied within the planning and
development framework, illustrated in Figure 21.
|14|
FIGURE 21: ANNUAL PLANNING CYCLE
CAPEX AND OPEX NETWORK INVESTMENT ANNUAL PLANNING CALENDAR

May
Strategic Planning Cycle
Jun
Jul
Aug
Division
/ Branch
Planning
Sep
Oct
Nov
Board / Executive Strategic

Engagement
State Budget Financial

Calendar Activities
TIMS Update
/ Audited
Accounts
Dec
Jan
SDP / SCI Submission

to Government
Feb
Development of
Annual Corporate Plan
TIMS Update
/ Mid Year
Review
State Budget
Tabled in
Parliament
Budget Pack
Preparation and
Delivery
Mar
Apr
Division / Branch
Planning
TIMS Update
/ SDP
SDP / SCI
Budget
Submission
Budget refinement with DTF and Minister - delivery

of State Budget Estimate Documents and State
Budget Papers
Carry over requests and negotiation with DTF

Additional Capital Funding Requests
Western Power Capex

and Opex Budget Cycle
Activities
Microbudget
Delivery
Microbudget
Preparation
Revised
Capex
Project
List
Optimisation Points
Optimisation
Forum Forecasting
and Needs
Focus
Seasonal
Planning
Activities
Load
Forecasting
Transformer
Utilisation
Factor
Generation
Scenario
Forecasting
Fault Level
Report
Peak Planning
Check
(Winter)
DX Feeder
Utilisation
Report
Network
Planning and
Development
F1
Microbudget
Review
10 Year
Capital
Investment
Plan
Preliminary
Assumptions
and
Outcomes
Report
Mid-Year
Review and
State Capex
Forecast
Optimisation
Forum Future State
Planning
Focus
Non-Network
Solutions
Annual
Prospectus
Report
10 Year Plan
Review
F2
Microbudget
Review
Revised
Capex
Project
List
F3
Mircobudget
Review
Microbudget Preparation
Optimisation
Forum
Annual
Planning
Report
Peak Planning
Check
(Summer +
Bushfire Mit)
Optimisation
Forum
Sponsors Statement of intent
Peak Planning
Check
(Easter)
Capacity
(Load Area)
Report
Network
Performance
DX Overload
Transformer
Report
State of the
Network
Report
Reliability
Improvement
Strategy Plan
Service
Standard
Performance
Report
Asset
Management
Plan
Reliability and
Power Quality
Report
Customer
Solutions
Generation
Project Offers
Other
Branches
SUPP
Monthly
Report
Approved Works
Program
Draft Production Program
Final
Production
Plan
Flora and Fauna Studies

IMO
Statement of
Opportunities
External
Year Long Planning

Activities
Joint Planning Teams - Needs Development
Joint Planning Teams - Future State Planning
Capturing of issues
Sponsorship of projects in execution
Business Case Development
|15|
Western Powers Network Development Plans

are developed through consideration of a
number of contributing factors, including:
Technical rules: The Technical Rules
administered by the ERA define network
planning criteria and technical requirements
for plant connected to the network.
Load and generation forecasts: Western
Powers forecasts are developed from
observed historical trends and take into
account projections of state economic growth
and customer connection enquiries. Chapter
4 provides further information relating to
load forecasting. Western Power also makes
prudent assumptions about the development
of generation projects. Generation scenario
planning is discussed in Chapter 5.
Asset management plans: The asset
management plans are based on condition
assessment of the network to ensure that
it will continue to provide safe and reliable
service. Condition assessments drive the
asset replacement and maintenance activities.
Western Powers commercial objectives:
Western Powers Network Development Plans
are developed in light of various drivers and
include the normal commercial objectives
of any business, as required for Western
Power under the Electricity Corporations
Act 2005. In addition, the regulatory
environment means Western Powers capital
expenditures need to satisfy the stringent
requirements of the Access Code as outlined
in Section 2.1. For instance, Western Power
must demonstrate that possible alternative
options to investments have been evaluated
and considered (via the Regulatory Test
where applicable), and that investments are
economically justifiable under NFIT.
These inputs are used in the network analysis to
ensure each network element satisfies a number
of technical criteria, so that:
each individual network element is operated
within its design limits. This requires voltage
and power transfer for each asset to be
assessed under a wide range of potential
conditions, including for example modeling the
effect of faults on the network. Failure to meet
design specifications can result in malfunction
or damage to customer equipment, while
exceeding power transfer limits create
potential safety hazards and reliability issues
arising from the failure of network equipment
due to overloads;
the network can withstand credible faults

and unplanned outages. A fault is considered
credible if it is considered to have a
reasonable probability of occurring given
the prevailing circumstances. If there is a
credible fault or unplanned outage, all plant
must still operate within its design limits and
the network must continue to deliver the
required performance. However, in the case
of the distribution network, its radial nature
means that the loss of a network element
will generally result in the loss of supply to
a number of customers. Western Power
attempts to reduce the impact by installing
reclosers, sectionalisers, fault indicators, load
break switches and remote control pole top
switches;
quality of supply is maintained to the
appropriate standards. Quality of supply is a
term that embraces voltage, frequency and
other technical aspects of power supply;
potential for future growth is adequately
provided for, where economically viable to do
so, ensuring that Western Powers electricity
network facilitates economic development;
and
environmental impacts are responsibly
managed.
As the network planner, Western Power is
responsible for delivering network development
plans that ensure there is sufficient capacity
to transmit power from power stations to load
centers then to individual customers and that
this is achieved in the most cost effective way.
Detailed system studies are undertaken for
a variety of load and generation scenarios,
and investigations are performed to capture
network issues and associated drivers. For the
transmission network (i.e. 66kV and above), a
timeframe typically up to 10 years is considered,
after which long-term strategic network planning
is performed (refer to Section 2.3.2). However,
due to the shorter term nature of distribution
planning, a period of up to five years is generally
considered as there is less visibility of block
loads beyond this timeframe and the distribution
network (i.e. below 66kV) can be quite dynamic
which can lead to multiple changes in plans.
|16|
This work leads to the preparation of detailed

Project Planning Reports which:
describe the network issue(s) and driver(s)
being addressed;
include a risk assessment of the network
issue(s) against set criteria, including the
likelihood and consequences of each risk to
determine individual and overall risk ratings;
propose any mitigation measures that may be
required prior to implementation of the final
solution;
comprehensively evaluate technical options
for addressing the issue(s);
conduct economic and financial analyses on
the options;
recommend a solution based on an optimal
investment strategy which minimises net
present cost; and
conceptually describe the project that delivers
the solution.
Fundamentally, a Project Planning Report
describes the rationale and journey between a
network problem and the proposed solution.
Subsequent to a Project Planning Report,
business case and regulatory submissions
are prepared (as required) to seek approval to
proceed with the proposed solution.
2.3.2 LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PLANNING
The planning activities described in the
preceding section predominately focus on the
short to medium term. Long-term strategic
planning is intended to guide short and medium
term planning activities by elaborating a
strategic and long term, scenario based view
of the future evolution of the SWIS. Western
Power is working towards producing a long
term Grid Vision for a time frame extending
up to 25 years with the principal emphasis
being the development of the bulk transmission
system under multiple scenarios. Options to
address network issues emerging in the short to
medium term can be considered in the light of
the long term target network(s) such that, where
appropriate, the development of the network
moves towards the envisaged future state.
In order to successfully plan for the longterm it is necessary to stay abreast of trends
and changes in the external environment and
consider the potential impacts on Western
Power and customers in order to provide
guidance as to potential responses.
This involves active participation in various

working groups, with stakeholder groups
(eg IMO, ERA, OoE, etc) as well as regular
interactions with other electricity sector
participants such as manufacturers and national
as well as international organisations. Staying
abreast of energy policy issues is achieved
through contributing to reviews of energy
policy, the regulatory framework, the Wholesale
Electricity Market (WEM), and the Technical
Rules.
By considering a full range of future scenarios
Western Power can explore the potential impact
of uncertain future demand, and generation
requirements on the network. The scenarios
need to cover a range of potential futures and
need to explore the impact of the emission
reduction policies; renewable generation
policies and targets; smart grid developments;
and technology changes.
A key output of long term strategic planning
is to ensure that options for short to medium
term planning and projects are created and
maintained. This strategic positioning can take
many forms. For examples, activities such
as strategic land purchases for future zone
substations (zone substation) and terminal
stations, securing corridors through acquisition
of easements and environmental approvals,
and facilitating the adoption of appropriately
justified and suitable emerging technologies
would assist in maintaining options for the future
and to avoid such activities being on the critical
path. It will be necessary to regularly perform
environmental scans of the technological
landscape to ensure that appropriate standards
are in place for the shorter term planning
horizon.
2.3.3 NETWORK CONTROL SERVICES
The Access Code, via the Regulatory Test and
NFIT provisions, requires Western Power to
demonstrate that it has efficiently minimised
costs when implementing a solution to
remove a network constraint. In all cases, this
includes Western Power demonstrating that it
has performed a comprehensive and robust
assessment of all viable alternative options.
Further discussion of the requirements of the
Regulatory Test and the NFIT is contained in
Section 2.1 of this report.
|17|
Options which are considered must include

non-network solutions. Both the Access Code
and Market Rules contemplate the use of
Network Control Services (NCS) as options for
assessment in the investment decision making
process. NCS may be provided by generation
and/or demand management. In the case of
a generation option, this may take the form of
a power station connected to the distribution
network (or directly to a zone substation) which
is operated for a short duration during peak
load periods to provide support to the network.
In the case of demand management, specific
customers may, by prior arrangement, agree to
curtail load, run on-site standby generation or
disconnect from the network for short periods to
reduce their impact on the network during times
of peak load.
An NCS is treated as operating expenditure
whereas a network solution (e.g. the
construction of a new transmission line)
is treated as capital expenditure. The
implementation of an NCS leads to additional
operating expenditure for Western Power
which results in the deferment of the capital
expenditure associated with the alternate
network solution.
With the commencement of the WEM in 2006,
it was envisaged that NCS would be procured
by using the IMO tender process contained
in the Market Rules. However, concerns were
raised that the settlement of NCS via the WEM
mechanism would lead to new large customers
being subsidised by existing customers (i.e.
the expected higher cost for the provision of
an NCS would be spread across all customers
rather than being directed to the new large
customer whose demand has triggered the
need for network support). As a result, the
Market Advisory Committee (comprising
members representing the IMO, ERA, OoE,
retailers, generators, customers, and Western
Power) has now endorsed Western Power to
directly manage the procurement process. This
enables Western Power to directly enter into an
NCS contract with a successful tenderer. This
process is more efficient as Western Power
directly manages the process as with other
network solutions.
Western Power is working to establish and

implement the NCS procurement via a twostaged process: (1) initially expressions of
interest would be sought from prospective
NCS providers; (2) following the receipt of
expressions of interest, a formal tender process
would be run if an NCS appears to be viable. If
an NCS does not appear to be viable, or if the
tender process does not yield a satisfactory
outcome, then Western Power would proceed to
implement the preferred network solution.
Parallel to establishing the procurement
process, steps are being taken to identify
amendments to the Electricity Corporations
Act 2005 (the Act), Access Code, and Market
Rules to allow Western Power to implement
the proposed NCS procurement process. It is
anticipated that the OoE will need to progress
changes to the Act and Western Power may
need to pursue changes to the Access Code.
The IMO is currently progressing changes to the
Market Rules.
Where an NCS is implemented to meet general
load growth, the costs will be recovered from
all customers via network tariffs. Where an
NCS is being driven by a specific customer,
then the costs will be recovered directly from
that customer to avoid the cross subsidy
issues discussed above. Western Powers
Contributions Policy has a facility to recover
operating expenses. This could be in the form of
both a fixed rate plus a rate per kWh to echo the
payments made to a generator for both capacity
and energy. It is envisaged that NCS providers
will secure capacity payments from the IMO via
its Reserve Capacity Mechanism so that any
capacity payment made by Western Power to
an NCS provider covers only additional capacity
costs (if any) incurred.
The proposed procurement process is planned
to be ready for use in early to mid 2011, subject
to the necessary legislative amendments being
made. Western Power expects to issue the first
request for expressions of interest immediately
after the implementation of the procurement
process. Over the next few years, locations
where an NCS may be a viable option include
Albany, Geraldton and the Eastern Goldfields.
Thus, an NCS, is an appropriate option for
consideration in these areas, and will be
included in our short to medium term network
planning activities.
|18|
2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS

As an energy solutions business our activities
are planned and conducted to minimise the
environmental impact of our increasing footprint
for the benefit of current and future generations.
Western Power is committed to:
integrating environmental considerations into
all parts of our business planning and decision
making processes;
sustainable development and working
cooperatively with our community and
stakeholders to deliver innovative solutions for
the future;
protecting the natural environment, our
heritage and local visual amenity, preserving
biodiversity, and preventing pollution;
complying with applicable environmental laws
and aspiring to higher standards within the
business, resulting in a shift from compliance
to innovation;
providing our employees with the necessary
education and ongoing training to achieve
a culture of responsible environmental
management;
minimising the environmental footprint of our
business;
establishing and maintaining standards,
objectives and targets to ensure continual
improvement in our environmental
performance; and
engaging in enduring and collaborative
environmental partnerships that align with our
business values.
Environmental leadership and adherence to
Western Powers Environmental Policy is the
responsibility of all Western Power employees,
contractors, suppliers and vendors.
Western Power is currently working to improve
and regularly refresh environmental education
with our staff and contractors.
ENVIRONMENT STATS
> 40,000 tonnes carbon emissions offset
> 115,000 trees planted
> 114.12 hectares native vegetation cleared
> Five contaminated site investigations
> Two substation noise mitigation projects completed
2.4.1 WESTERN POWERS ENVIRONMENTAL

APPROVALS PROCESS
Before Western Power undertakes any
activities associated with the construction of
infrastructure that has the potential to impact
the environment, environmental approval must
be obtained from the relevant authorities.
In order to obtain approval Western Power
must be able to demonstrate the need for a
proposal, quantify the potential environmental
impacts of a proposal, demonstrate the
environmental impacts have been reduced as
much as reasonably possible and develop
management, mitigation and offset strategies
for the proposal.
This information allows the relevant government
regulatory authorities to assess the likely
impacts on the environment. If the impacts are
likely to be significant then a decision is made
as to whether the proposal should be allowed
to proceed and, if so, under what conditions to
ensure the environment is protected.
Environmental impact assessment in Western
Australia is regulated by the Commonwealth
Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and the
Western Australian Environmental Protection Act
1986 (EP Act). There are three main approvals
that Western Power can be required to obtain
before the commencement of a project. Figure
22 provides a simplified overview of Western
Powers Environmental Approvals process.
The EPBC Act requires a proposal to be
referred to the Department of Environment,
Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) if it is
likely to have a significant impact on matters
protected by the EPBC Act. These are referred
to as Matters of National Significance. The
Department assesses the scale of a proposed
impact and makes a decision as to whether
approval is required under the EPBC Act and on
the process of assessment. The minister may
attach conditions to the approval to protect,
repair or mitigate damage to a matter protected
by the EPBC Act.
Under the EP Act, proposals with the potential
to significantly impact the environment must
be referred to the Environmental Protection
Authority (EPA) under Part IV of the EP Act:
Environmental Impact Assessment. The
EPA then makes a decision on the level of
assessment of a proposal, and sets conditions
or provides guidance on environmental
management.
|19|
FIGURE 22: WESTERN POWERS ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS PROCESS
Preliminary
Environmental
Assessment
Line / Site Options

Analysis
Detailed Assessment
Biological Survey
Wet Area / Drinking Water
Pollution / Contaminated Sites
Assessment of effects on social surroundings
Geotechnical Investigations
Additional
Surveys
Required
Commonwealth
Environmental
Approval
State Clearing
Permit Process
(CPS 1918/2)
State
Environmental
Approval
DEWHA Referral
Offsets &
Environmental
Management
Plans
EPA Referral
Mitigation
Strategies,
Management
Actions & Offsets
Controlled
Action
Not Controlled
Action Particular
Manner
ASSESSMENT OF STRATEGIC PROPOSALS

Western Power is increasingly aiming to obtain
environmental approvals as early as possible
in the life of a project, and for a number of
potential project options. This ensures that there
are a number of flexible options available when
future network reinforcements are required.
It also enables us to gain a good understanding
of environmental considerations for each of the
potential options, prior to any decisions being
made.
Detailed Line
/ Site Design
options
Mitigation
Strategies,
Management
Actions
Not Assessed
Formal
Assessment
Assessment of Strategic Proposals can

also be a vehicle for the involvement of key
stakeholders, including the community, and
can be used to engage and raise awareness
of potential future plans for an area. The
Assessment of Strategic Proposals process
is designed to link with other necessary
environmental approvals at the State and
Federal level and is likely to become the single
environmental approval necessary for project
delivery.
Assessment of Strategic Proposals is a new

State approval process that can preserve
long term development options. Such a
process allows impacts of multiple potential
project options or even multiple projects
to be quantified and for all options to gain
environmental approval subject to conditions
and commitments. Development can proceed
at any time in the future, subject to approved
conditions and commitments, provided the
scope of that development is within the original
approval scope.
|20|
BIODIVERSITY OFFSETS BANK

This involves the acquisition of a bank of
environmentally significant areas using capital
project funds. The bank can be used to offset
clearing impacts of individual projects in order
to obtain individual project environmental
approvals. The purpose of this initiative, which is
currently being developed, is to have an efficient
and flexible process in place for providing
offsets, which are often required for project
environmental approvals.
Biodiversity offset banking allows a strategic
approach to the purchase of offset land,
reduces the overall cost of projects and
potentially removes environmental approvals
from the critical path of capital projects.
MINIMISING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Western Power aims to minimise the
environmental impact of our works, and
we work closely with key stakeholders and
the community to do so. We are continually
improving the identification and management of
the environmental impacts of capital works and
maintenance activities.
Some recent achievements and initiatives:
Contaminated sites
Our contaminated site program progressed in
2009/10 with the investigation of Picton Depot,
former SECWA Wagin Depot, Hope Road
Depot, Northam Depot and Substation and
Northern Terminal Substation. This resulted
in the remediation of the fuel storage area
at the former SECWA Wagin Depot and the
contaminated soil stockpiles at Picton Depot.
Vegetation clearing
During 2009/10, 114.12 ha of native vegetation
was cleared, 23.18 ha of which was for
transmission projects and 90.94 ha for
distribution projects. Environmental approvals
were secured from regulators prior to all clearing
activities. Effective planning limited clearing to
23 ha in biodiverse areas.
To offset clearing within biodiverse areas,
Western Power provided funding to the
Department of Environment and Conservation
(DEC) for the purchase of one property
totaling 33.5 ha. The property has been
incorporated into the conservation estate and
will be managed for conservation purposes in
perpetuity by the DEC.
Western Power also committed to undertake

56.5 ha of revegetation within degraded areas
in the South West of Western Australia. Work
associated with this revegetation will commence
within the next financial year. Western Power
also funded the purchase of an additional three
properties which have been incorporated into
an offset bank (1113.8 ha) that will be used to
fulfill vegetation offset requirements of future
projects.
Noise mitigation
Our program for noise mitigation at transmission
substations progressed in 2009/10 with the
successful completion of noise mitigation at
University and Herdsman Parade Substations
at an overall cost of $1.4M. Three other
transmission substation sites are programmed
for noise mitigation in 2010/11. Strategies for
compliance with noise regulations for our
entire asset base have progressed in 2009/10
through consultation with the EPA and the DEC.
Finalisation of noise regulation compliance
strategies are expected in 2010/11.
Aboriginal heritage
Consultation and approvals are essential in the
planning of new transmission and distribution
lines. Fifteen groups were consulted for five
projects scheduled for 2010/11; with the
consultation processes resolving most issues by
ensuring project design work avoids Aboriginal
sites. One project was referred to the Department
of Indigenous Affairs for determination under the
Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 (WA).
2.5 STAKEHOLDER AND COMMUNITY
ENGAGEMENT
Western Power recognises that there is
increasing public interest and scrutiny of the
way we go about our work, and a need for us
to be more open, transparent and collaborative
than ever before. The community expects
participation in the decision making process,
particularly when the decisions directly affect
their community. Western Power has made a
commitment to take greater responsibility in
maintaining our social license to operate, and
building our social capital, by engaging with
stakeholders and the community at the very
early stages of our planning process.
As part of our long term strategic planning, we
will integrate social and environmental criteria
into our decision making processes.
|21|
This means we will engage with our community

and stakeholders:
prior to any strategic land purchases;
during key milestones in the project cycle; and
during the development of options for an
identified problem on the network.
Western Powers engagement framework
illustrates the type of messaging that forms
part of the engagement approach. In the early
phases of a project the communication reflects
the numerous options available to resolve an
evolving issue on the network. Towards the
end of the engagement cycle communication
increasingly reflects the identified solution.
FIGURE 23: PROJECTS AND COMMUNITY MESSAGES
Community messaging detail:

community messaging becomes
more detailed throughout
the project
Project
uncertainty
and unknowns:
uncertainty and unknowns
decrease throughout the project
Increasing the frequency and type of

engagement in the early stages of a projects
lifecycle has allowed a continuous, constructive
dialogue with the community to develop. It has
also allowed us to share important messages
around the reprioritisation and deferment
of projects transparently and honestly. This
inclusive and coordinated approach has
enhanced decision making, assisting in better
meeting the requirements of the differing needs
of stakeholders and various communities.
Open, transparent, accountable and effective
community and stakeholder engagement
is essential for Western Power to support a
sustainable future for Western Australia. We
engage with the community to gain valuable
input, ideas and feedback on distribution and
transmission lines, substation locations, plus
future projects and planning options. This is
a vital step in helping to shape our decision
making processes. Western Powers community
engagement charter embeds this vital step.
WESTERN POWERS COMMUNITY
ENGAGEMENT CHARTER
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT STATS

> 37 community contact sessions in less than 12
months
> 1,400 attendees
> 38,000 mail outs
> 80 newspaper ads
Build and maintain Western Powers social

license to operate for major infrastructure
projects by:
Fostering open, transparent and honest twoway relationships with the community and
stakeholders
> more than 2000 km travelled
Advocate and embed sustainable business

practices in decision making
> 550 community members participating

in reference groups
2.5.1 NETWORK CAPACITY MAPPING TOOL
Over the past year Western Power has made

great progress in actively engaging with the
community early in the project cycle process to
allow for successful collaboration. In 2009/10
more than 35 community contact sessions
were conducted, with around 1400 community
members attending.
In 2009 Western Power made the key decision

to provide greater transparency regarding its
network expansion plans. This decision has,
in part, been driven by stakeholders need for
more detailed and forward looking information.
This information can then be used by customers
to carry out early preliminary studies of our
electrical network relative to their expansion
plans.
TABLE 21: PROJECT PLANNING AND THE COMMUNITY
1. INITIATION
PHASE
2. SCOPING PHASE
3. PLANNING
PHASE
4. EXECUTION
PHASE
5. CLOSE OUT
PHASE
Apply
sustainability
principles
Engaging with
the community to
identify options
Engaging with
the community to
finalise options
Collaborate
to deliver the
solution
Western Power
has completed
works.
|22|
Western Power is catering for this requirement

by developing a Network Capacity Mapping
Tool. This tool will provide information on
Western Powers 20 year load demand forecasts
and remaining capacity levels at each zone
substation. By selecting a forecast year the
user will be provided with an online interactive
geospatial view of the forecast remaining
capacity of each substation. In order to
maintain customer confidentiality, information
on dedicated customer substations will not be
displayed.
This tool will depict the forecast yearly remaining
capacity levels as colour bands around the
supply area of each zone substation for the next
20 years. These bands will be broad enough not
to display changes in remaining capacity due to
individual customer applications, but will still be
detailed enough to provide useful early decision
making information for investors.
As well as providing forecast remaining capacity
information for each existing and committed
future zone substation, Western Power intends
to share other useful information via the Network
Capacity Mapping Tool. This includes:
geospatial locations of existing substations
and terminals with indicative geospatial
locations for committed future substations
and terminals indicating the likely year of
commissioning;
a list containing the Distribution and
Transmission network projects that have been
approved for each existing Western Power
substation catchment area plus the approved
projects for committed future Western
Power substations. This list will also include
catchment specific identified issues and will
be consistent with each years APR;
High Voltage transmission lines indicating kV

rating;
community engagement session schedules location and details;
the High Voltage supply catchment area for
each existing Western Power substations
showing the actual single (1) and three (3)
phase High Voltage feeder reticulation; and
potential SWIS connection points for energy
generators, shown as points of connection
for generators with the following outputs
0<X<=1MVA, 1<X<=5MVA, 5<X<=10MVA
and 10<X<=30MVA. Figure 25 shows the
Generation Connection Capacity Map3 for
the Perth Metropolitan and Peel regions.
This map can be found on the Generator
and Transmission Connections page of the
Western Power website4 and is included in the
Independent Market Operators Statement
of Opportunities that was published in July
2010. The Network Capacity Mapping Tool will
be expanded to show and rate all points of
potential connection for the SWIS.
The network capacity mapping tool is expected
to be functional by the first quarter of 2011.
Figure 24 demonstrates an example of the
type of geospatial information that will be
provided by the Network Capacity Mapping
Tool. This indicative example shows how
colours will be used to indicate the forecast
remaining capacity for the supply area of each
existing zone substation for the year that has
been selected by the user. Note: this example
is for demonstration purposes only and is
not intended to represent the actual forecast
remaining capacity of a zone substation within
the SWIS for the current year or any future year
within the 20 year forecast horizon.
3 http://www.westernpower.com.au/retailersgenerators/
Generation_capacity_map.html
4 http://www.westernpower.com.au/retailersgenerators/
Generator_and_transmission_connections.html
|23|
FIGURE 24: DEMONSTRATION EXAMPLE SHOWING FORECAST

OF REMAINING CAPACITY ON EXISTING ZONE SUBSTATIONS
2.6 WESTERN POWERS APPROACH TO

SUSTAINABILITY
Western Power understands that the quality
of life enjoyed by Western Australians is
underpinned by safe, reliable and affordable
energy.
To maintain our way of life, our economy must
prosper and our natural and built environments
must be protected and repaired. Western Power
recognises that it has a pivotal role in supporting
Western Australias future development through
the provision of energy solutions which enable
continued prosperity, security and sustainability
for the community.
To Western Power, sustainability means
meeting the needs of current and future
generations by considering environmental
protection, social advancement, and economic
prosperity in our business activities and
decisions.
<4
12 -16
24 -28
36 -40
4 -8
16 -20
28 -32
> 40
8 -12
20 -24
32 -36
Society, the economy and the environment

are constantly changing and the rate at which
these changes occur is rapidly increasing.
These substantial changes make the task of
planning for the future challenging, particularly
when looking decades ahead. Because of
this, Western Power is actively taking steps
towards building flexibility into its planning to
accommodate the fluid and indeterminate nature
of the energy sector into the future.
With the adoption of the Sustainability Policy5
in September 2008 the Western Power Board
declared its commitment to contribute to
sustainable development and established a
fundamental piece of governance towards
sustainable practice for our organisation.
5 Western Power (26 September 2008) Sustainability

Policy. Retrieved from http://www.westernpower.com.au/
documents/sustainability/policy.pdf
|24|
Muchea
FIGURE 2-5: GENERATION CONNECTION CAPACITY MAP

FOR THE PERTH METROPOLITAN AND PEEL REGIONS
Yanchep
LEGEND
CONNECTION CATEGORY COLOUR
Clarkson
SUBSTATION CATEGORY COLOUR
NEERABUP TERMINAL
Wanneroo
Category 1 (up to 1MVA Capacity)
Terminal Substation
132kV Substation
66kV Substation

Mullaloo
Henley Brook
Padbury
Landsdale
North Beach
Osborne Pk
Manning St
Wembley
Downs
Arkana
Yokine
James Street
Joel Tce
East Perth 66kV

Wellington Street
Forrest Ave
Milligan Street
Hay Street
Beechboro
Morley
Midland Junction
Hadfields
GUILDFORD TERMINAL
Mt Lawley
Herdsman
East Perth 132kV

Cook Street
NORTHERN TERMINAL
Malaga
Darlington
North Perth
EAST PERTH TERMINAL
Belmont
Rivervale
Forrestfield
Shenton Park
WESTERN TERMINAL
Mundaring Weir
Medical Centre
Victoria
Nedlands
Kewdale
Clarence St Park
University
Welshpool
Cottesloe
Collier St
Tate St
KENWICK LINK TERMINAL
OConnor
Riverton
Amherst
SOUTH FREMANTLE
TERMINAL
Australian
Paper Mills
Kalamunda
CANNINGTON TERMINAL
Bentley
Myaree
North
Fremantle
Edmund St
Sawyers Valley
Canning Vale
Gosnells
Murdoch
SOUTHERN TERMINAL
Southern River
Bibra Lake
Cockburn Cement
Byford
Medina
Western Mining
Rockingham
This Generation Connection Capacity Map is designed to encourage mid-sized distributed generation
throughout the South West Interconnected System (SWIS).
This information is indicative and provided to assist stakeholders and customers to visualise the ability
of the SWIS (as it exists) to take up extra mid sized generation including renewable energy products. It
should not be relied upon as a substitute for independent research and professional advice.
The following points must be considered when referring to the map:
The information is provided as a guide only and may/will change over time. Please refer to Western
Power for updates.
Waikiki
The information must not be treated in aggregate.
GENERATION CONNECTION TO WP SUBSTATION RANGE OPPORTUNITY TABLE

Connection
Category
Direct to Substation
0 < x 30kVA
30kVA < x 1MVA
Pink
**
Orange
**
***
Yellow
**
***
***
Green
**
***
***
*
**
***
Meadow Springs
Substation Connection Type and General Condition

Distribution Network
1MVA < x < 5MVA
1MVA < x < 10MVA 1MVA < x 30MVA
***
Unlimited number of unit connections (assumed unconditional)

Numerous unit connections but subject to WP technical appraisal
Limited number of unit connections and subject to a WP technical appraisal
Each coloured spot represents the generation capacity that can be accommodated at parts of the
network (usually a substation) where connection at, or very near to, the designated location may be
achieved with minimal connection cost.
Connection of a generator with capacity above the limits shown or at any other point in the network
remains possible but may require reinforcement of the network with associated costs or connection
under a constrained access arrangement.
Mandurah
Pinjarra
Generally, distribute generators up to 5MVA can be connected in close proximity to substation locations
outside the metropolitan area without major augmentation. However, the extent of augmentation will
be based on a case-by-case assessment of the impact of the proposed generation on existing power
infrastructure and users. Please refer to Western Powers website for more information.
The information provided in this map does not replace, invalidate, bypass or supersede the
requirements of Western Powers Applications and Queuing Policy (AQP).
HISTORY OF THE SWIS
This chapter provides a historical overview of how the SWIS has developed
over time, and how the maximum load demand and generation drivers have
shaped the delivered network capacity. The development of the SWIS illustrates
how Western Power has maximised the utilisation of its existing transmission
and distribution networks. Historically (pre to mid 1970s) the 66kV and 132kV
networks had been operated as a bulk transmission network.
Today much of this network remains intact,
which creates a parallel power flow with the
330kV network. As the network load has
increased over time, the bulk transmission
role has moved to the 330kV system. The
capacity limits of the meshed 66kV and 132kV
networks are being reached and this restricts
the utilisation of the 330kV network. Chapter
7 discusses possible strategies to improve
utilisation of the existing capacity on the 330kV
network for bulk transmission
power flows.
The chapter concludes with a discussion
of Western Powers Smart Grid Program to
show current developments and trends in the
SWIS, and Western Powers responses to the
transformational changes being experienced in
the industry and in customer and community
expectations.
3.1
HOW THE NETWORK HAS EVOLVED
The SWIS has developed to supply the electric

power requirements of Western Australia initially
as the population increased and in later years
to support industrial activity associated with

mining and export of raw materials. Figure 31
shows the increase in electric power demand
and the increase in the population of Western
Australia. Table 32 and Table 33 show the
generation capacity and some of the milestones
as the population increased.
1900S TO 1930S EARLY BEGINNINGS
The beginnings of the SWIS were initiated
in 1913 after the reorganisation of several
independent power operations in the Perth
metropolitan area.
By 1916, the very first power station in Western
Australia was established at East Perth, with a
total capacity of 12MW. Electricity was supplied
and distributed at 6.3kV to power the Perth
metropolitan area and its local tramways. The
total load demand in 1918 was less than 4MW.
By 1938, load demand had increased sevenfold to approximately 30MW and generation at
East Perth had expanded to 57MW (at 40Hz),
with transmission at 22kV extending beyond
Armadale, Midland and Fremantle.
|26|
1940S TO 1960S POST WAR DEVELOPMENT

The period following the end of the Second
World War saw rapid increases in electricity
demand driven by strong economic growth.
This led to the construction of numerous power
stations and large scale transmission lines
between major towns in and around Perth.
From 1950 to 1960, load demand tripled such
that by the end of the decade, demand for
electricity had increased from 55MW to 167MW.
To meet this demand, a second power station
was established in South Fremantle with a
generating capacity of 100MW in 1951. The
66kV operating voltage was introduced to the
SWIS with the first major transmission line
being the twin 66kV double circuit steel tower
transmission lines connecting East Perth and
South Fremantle Power Stations by the mid 50s.
By 1957, a third power station was established
in Bunbury with a generating capacity of
120MW, close to the oceans edge. This power
station necessitated the construction of two
132kV transmission lines between Bunbury and
Cannington and represented the first 132kV
lines constructed within the network.
The introduction of the 132kV voltage was
a significant milestone for the SWIS as it
provided the framework for the South West
region to connect into the expanding network
with increased power transfer efficiency. The
construction of the two 132kV lines between
Bunbury and Cannington was the first
interconnection between the regions in the
South West and the metropolitan area.
This period also saw the extension of the
transmission network to Albany, via a 66kV line
that was built via Collie, Minding and Kojonup.
1960S TO 1970S FURTHER EXPANSION OF
THE SWIS
The period from 1960 to 1970 saw load
demand increase from 167MW to 540MW. This
period saw the expansion of the SWIS further
throughout the state. Major transmission lines
began connecting regions in the South West to
the south metropolitan and north metropolitan
regions.
A fourth power station was established at Muja,
located in the South West region with a capacity
of 240MW across four machines. The power was
supplied into the SWIS via three 132kV lines:
one to Bunbury Power Station, one to Northern
Terminal and one to Cannington. These lines
made it possible for large amounts of power to
be transferred efficiently from the South West
region into the metropolitan area, where the

majority of the load demand was located.
This period also saw the extension of the 132kV
transmission network north to Geraldton and
east to Merredin.
1970S TO 1980S INTRODUCTION OF 330KV
AND 220KV
By the end of the 70s, load demand had
surpassed 1,000MW. In a 20 year period, load
had increased more than 600% from 167MW
in 1960, to 1,048MW by 1980. To meet the ever
increasing demand for electricity, a fifth power
station was established at Kwinana during the
70s, with a total generating capacity of 880MW
across six machines.
It was during the mid 1970s that the first
330kV transmission lines were introduced into
the SWIS with the commissioning of 330kV
substations at Kwinana Power Station, Southern
Terminal and Northern Terminal. An original four
330kV lines were planned, with two connecting
Kwinana Power Station to Southern Terminal
(initially one was energised at 132kV), one
connecting Northern Terminal and Southern
Terminal, and the last connecting Kwinana
Power Station to Northern Terminal.
Expansion of the Muja Power Station in 1981
resulted in the construction of another two
330kV transmission lines from the Collie coal
fields to the metropolitan area at Northern
Terminal and Southern Terminal.
During this time, approximately 80% of the
output of all generators was used in the
metropolitan area, with approximately 55% of
that amount used in the Perth city, the western,
eastern and the northern suburbs. While the
greatest concentration of the load was in the
metropolitan region, with the exception of the
East Perth Power Station (which was later
retired in 1981), all generation was located south
of the river.
The 330kV lines were built to transfer power
from regional generation in the south to the
central metropolitan areas, where the majority of
the load was located.
This task was made simpler since load centres
throughout the network were, for the most
part, fed radially from the major terminal sites
at Kwinana, Western Terminal, East Perth,
Northern Terminal, Cannington Terminal,
Southern Terminal and South Fremantle. This
allowed for highly controllable load flows across
the transmission system from generation
sources to load centres.
|27|
The 330kV lines that were constructed during

this period form the backbone of the SWIS that
still exists today. Approximately 574 km of 330kV
line were constructed.
This period also saw the introduction of the
220kV voltage, with a 665 km transmission
line constructed between Muja and Kalgoorlie.
This line enabled the addition of the Eastern
Goldfields and various towns and mining
customers between Muja and Kalgoorlie onto
the SWIS.
1990S TO 2000S - RELIANCE ON THE 132KV
NETWORK
By 1990, total load demand on the SWIS had
almost doubled from 1,048MW in 1980 to
1,893MW in 1990. This figure rose to 2,600MW
by 2000, representing an increase of 250%.
During this time, the next 330kV development
occurred at Kemerton, approximately 20km
north of Bunbury. A single 330/132kV substation
and 330kV transmission line was commissioned
in 1991, which teed into the Muja to Northern
Terminal 330kV link.
It was the installation of the main 330kV
backbone on the SWIS during the mid 70s and
early 80s that opened up large areas of the
network across the state. Each of the 330kV lines
were designed to transmit up to 1,000MVA from
regional generation in the south to load centres in
metropolitan areas. Power was then transferred
to zone substations via the sub transmission
networks at 132kV and 66kV voltage.
By the mid 1990s, the SWIS had more than
6,000 km of transmission (330kV, 220kV) and
sub transmission (132kV, 66kV) lines installed
across its system. The 132kV system alone,
accounted for over 60% of the total network,
with 3,905 km of installed line.
In comparison, the 132kV network made up
approximately 18% of the network in 1971, prior
to the establishment of the 330kV backbone.
TABLE 31: COMPARISON OF TRANSMISSION LINES
INSTALLED IN 1971 AND 1996
LENGTH OF TRANSMISSION LINE (KM)

YEAR
330kV
220kV
132kV
66kV
1971
79
342
1996
574
665
3,905
1,215
As Western Australias development continued

into the new millennium, an increasing number
of load centres began appearing across the
network away from the traditional metropolitan
area load centre. The region south of Kwinana
experienced high growth in suburbs such as
Mandurah, Rockingham and Waikiki, while
expansion and load growth continued in the
north metropolitan suburbs towards Joondalup,
Clarkson and Wanneroo. Large mining loads
began appearing across the network in the
Country Goldfields, Country North and Country
South regions that are shown on the maps in
Chapter 8.
An increasing number of substations and lines
were required to support this growth. The most
cost effective and prudent strategy at the time
was to proliferate the 132kV network within the
SWIS. This included the cutting in of multiple
substations to the existing 132kV network. The
conversion of numerous 66kV substations also
added to the proliferation of the 132kV network
with the substations at North Perth, Cook St,
Cottesloe and Joel Terrace undergoing voltage
conversions in the last nine years.
The 1990s also marked a significant change
in the demand characteristics of the SWIS.
Figure 32 shows that in the early 90s there
was a switch from a winter peaking system
to a summer peaking system, resulting in
additional drivers for network development.
The transmission network was designed to
meet peak load conditions and the change from
winter to summer peaks altered the conditions
against which the network was planned.
Decreased asset ratings associated with higher
ambient temperatures reduced the capacity
limits against which the network could be
prudently managed. To mitigate the risk of plant
failure and accelerated ageing of assets, plant
ratings were reduced to offset the higher ambient
temperatures experienced in summer periods.
The shift to summer peak has also resulted in
a change to the time the peak occurs. Winter
peaks in the SWIS are generally recorded at
approximately 6:00PM in comparison to the
summer peak, which has generally occurred
between 2:00PM and 4:00PM.
Between these hours, the majority of
commercial loads and business centres are still
operating, resulting in a larger customer base
at risk during peak conditions. This increases
the requirement for greater reliability and
supply to customers during peak periods as the
consequences of customers losing supply are
more severe.
|28|
Since the switch to a summer peaking network,

there has also been a continuing increase in the
difference between the summer peak and the
winter peak.
The main contributing factor is the increased

demand as a result of air conditioning load,
which has resulted in a decrease in average
system utilisation. This is discussed further in
Chapter 4.
FIGURE 3-1: PEAK SYSTEM LOAD AND WESTERN AUSTRALIAN POPULATION
4500
3500
4000
3000
3500
2500
2000
MW
2500
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
1950
1945
1940
1935
1930
1925
1920
1915
1910
1905
0
1900
YEAR
POPULATION
PEAK SYSTEM LOAD
FIGURE 3-2: CROSSOVER FROM WINTER PEAK TO SUMMER PEAK (TRENDS SHOWN)
4500
4000
3500
3000
MW
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
YEAR
SUMMER
WINTER
|29|
POPULATION (000s)
3000
TABLE 32: HISTORY OF GENERATION CAPACITY IN SWIS
GENERATION
YEAR
SITE
COAL
GAS
OIL
DISTILLATE
RENEWABLE
MW
1916
East Perth
Yes
13
1938
East Perth
Yes
44
1951
South Fremantle
Yes
100
1957
Bunbury
Yes
120
1965
Muja A
Yes
112
1969
Muja B
Yes
112
1970
Kwinana A
Yes
Yes
Yes
223
1972
Kwinana B
Yes
Yes
218
1972
Kwinana GT
Yes
Yes
16
1973
Geraldton GT
Yes
Yes
15
1976
Kwinana C
Yes
Yes
Yes
351
1981
East Perth
Retired
-57
1981
Muja C
Yes
370
1984
Kalgoorlie GT
Yes
19
1985
South Fremantle
Retired
-100
1985
Muja D
Yes
422
1989
Kalgoorlie GT
Yes
34
1989
Mungarra GT
Yes
96
1990-1993
Pinjar GT
Yes
Yes
425
1996
Pinjar GT
Yes
Yes
115
1996
Southern Cross Energy
Yes
11
1996
Parkeston GT
Yes
61
1996
Perth Power Partnership
Yes
76
1999
Alcoa Wagerup
Yes
24
1999
Collie
Yes
318
1999
Tiwest Cogen
Yes
33
1999
Worsley Cogen
Yes
106
2001
Albany Windfarm
Yes
2003
Cockburn CCGT
Yes
231
2005
Kemerton GT
Yes
284
2005
Emu downs Windfarm
Yes
29
2005
Walkaway Windfarm
Yes
39
2006
Alinta Pinjarra GT 1
Yes
129
2007
Alinta Pinjarra GT 2
Yes
132
|30|
GENERATION
YEAR
SITE
COAL
GAS
OIL
2007
Muja A G1
Retired
2008
Newgen Kwinana
Yes
2008
Alinta Wagerup GT
Yes
2009
Newgen Neerabup GT
2009
Bluewaters 1
2009
DISTILLATE
RENEWABLE
MW
-56
320
352
Yes
330
Yes
215
Bluewaters 2
Yes
215
2010
Kwinana B
Retired
-218
2010
Western Energy GT
Yes
105
2011
Kwinana GT2 & GT3
Yes
184
2011
Collgar Windfarm
Yes
90
2012
Bridgetown Biomass
Yes
40
1993
2007
Embedded distribution
generation
Yes
28
TOTAL
5733
The generation capacity is the Declared Sent Out Capacity from the IMOs 2010 Statement of Opportunities.
|31|
TABLE 33: WESTERN AUSTRALIAN POPULATION AND SWIS GENERATION CAPACITY MILESTONES
YEAR
POPULATION (000)
MILESTONES
1916
307
First power station established in WA at East Perth
1951
590
Second power station established in South Fremantle
1955
669
First major 66kV transmission lines constructed connecting

East Perth and South Fremantle
1957
695
Third power station established in Bunbury
1957
695
First 132kV transmission lines constructed between Bunbury

and Cannington
1962
777
First 66kV line built to Albany, via Collie, Minding and

Kojonup
1965-1969
900
Fourth power station established at Muja with three

132kV lines connected to Bunbury, Northern Terminal and
Cannington
Early 70s
1,000
Fifth power station established at Kwinana
Early 70s
1,000
Second 66kV line built to Albany
1971
1,070
132kV line built from the metropolitan area north to

Geraldton
Mid 70s
1,167
330kV network introduced with commissioning of 330kV at

Kwinana, Southern Terminal and Northern Terminal
1977
1,217
Both 66kV lines to Albany converted to 132kV
1980
1,284
Second 132kV line built to Geraldton
1980
1,284
System demand exceeds 1,000MW
1981
1,320
Construction of two 330kV transmission lines from Collie to

Northern Terminal and Southern Terminal
Mid 80s
1,437
220kV line built from Muja to Kalgoorlie, via Narrogin,

Kondinin, Merredin
1991
1,647
Kemerton 330/132kV established
1994
1,717
2004
1,999
2010
N/A
|32|
3.2 STATE OF THE CURRENT NETWORK
These strategies can be summarised as follows:
The current SWIS network has successfully

managed the system peak load demand of
4,028.3MW during 2009/10 summer. To date, the
development of the SWIS has been prudently
managed minimising the number of new lines,
terminals, substations and circuits to reduce
capital costs. Much of the existing asset is old
and is approaching the stage where increased
maintenance and replacement is needed.
transfer the bulk transmission role exclusively

to the 330kV system;
The cumulative effect of the above approach

is that the SWIS, in its current form, is highly
meshed between the 330kV and 132kV
networks, with a heavy reliance on the 132kV
transmission lines to transfer power directly
from generation in parallel to the 330kV bulk
system. Recent system study results confirmed
that approximately 700MW of power is running
through 132kV south networks resulting in
reduced utilisation of the 330kV system.
The maximum capacity has been reached
for the meshed 66kV and 132kV network
arrangement. Under normal operating
conditions, the peak load on the 330kV lines is
generally approaching 35% of line capacity with
approximately 20% of SWIS demand flowing
through the meshed 132kV network. While
the existing 330kV network is currently under
utilised, the emerging consequences include:
overloading of the meshed network under
contingency conditions;
need for increased reactive support required
at 66kV and 132kV levels under contingency
conditions; and
increased 132kV line losses and high 132kV
fault levels across major terminals and some
zone substation.
There are also significant difficulties with
controlling 132kV flows to avoid post-contingent
overloading of lines on the 132kV meshed
network. This also creates system operability
challenges, such as planning network outages
for operational activities such as maintenance
while still providing electricity to customers.
3.3 TRANSMISSION FUTURE STRATEGY
Chapter 7 will discuss in more detail the issues
associated with the transmission network and
describes potential strategies to fully utilise the
existing 330kV capacity.
remove shortfalls in the 132kV capacity to

supply load centres; and
utilise the existing 330kV capacity for bulk
transmission purposes.
Other expected benefits of these strategies
would be:
reduced or deferred needs for capacity
uprating of the existing 132kV lines;
opportunity to retire aged 66kV and 132kV
asset;
opportunity of converting to higher voltages;
reduction in 132kV line losses;
reduced system losses;
reduced need for reactive support in the load
centres;
reduced fault levels;
improved and simplified operability of the
transmission system; and
open 132kV networks to connecting more
local generation.
3.4 WESTERN POWERS SMART GRID
PROGRAM
3.4.1 THE PROBLEM
Since the 1950s, the SWIS has been developed
to allow the transmission of electrical energy
generated by large, coal or gas fuelled power
stations which are located remotely from
centres of demand. Much of this infrastructure
is now ageing and coming to the end of its
useful life. Meanwhile, increased reliance on a
high quality and very reliable energy supply by
business and residential customers is driving
expectation levels from both the community and
regulators ever higher.
Additionally, continuing metropolitan expansion
has been a catalyst for increasing electricity
consumption with growing short-duration peak
demand driving the need for major infrastructure
investments. In many areas, the top 15% of
demand is used less than 1% of the time. This
comes at a time when the public expects utilities
to demonstrate responsible management and
conservation of resources.
|33|
Transformational changes in the industry and

in customer and community expectations
are driving the requirement to connect new
generation technologies such as large and small
scale renewable energy sources and to improve
the efficient use and delivery of energy.
Combined, these factors result in social,
environmental and financial pressures which
require better utilisation of existing and future
assets.
3.4.2 THE VISION
Utilities in many parts of the world are now
looking towards the concept of smart grids as a
solution to the demands of the changing energy
landscape.
A smart grid involves the application of sensing,
measurement and control devices with two-way
communications to production, transmission,
distribution and consumption parts of the
electricity network. These devices, such as
smart meters, communicate information about
network conditions to customers, utilities
and automated devices, making it possible to
dynamically respond to changes.
Smart grids and the supporting smart
technology enable:
consumers to monitor their energy
consumption and make better informed
choices;
energy providers to capture and make use of
real-time information on network performance
and consumption which can be used to make
sustainable and commercial decisions about
infrastructure operation;
the network to carry out advanced functions
such as reconfiguring itself following an
incident, to minimise the impact on customers
thereby enhancing reliability and power
quality and making better use of existing
infrastructure;
infrastructure owners to use the captured data
to inform future development opportunities;
and
demand management projects by improving
their effectiveness and helping to defer
augmentation of the network.
The project incorporates five technical trials

and two other projects, and is supported by an
Australian Government initiative called Perth
Solar City.
The Smart Grid Foundation Project has been
designed to deliver measurable benefits by 2012.
By trialling technologies and programs Western
Power is able to demonstrate the costs and
benefits of smart grid technology prior to any
further implementation, allowing the business
to confidently make informed decisions about
investment priorities beyond 2012, and to ensure
we create a flexible, reliable, safe, efficient and
environmentally responsible network.
The direction of Smart Grid beyond 2012 is to
use the findings of the Foundation Project to
inform future network investment decisions and
policy creation.
The results of these trials will also be used to
assess the viability of rolling out smart grid
and demand management technology across
the SWIS to enable Western Power to defer
capital investment in new infrastructure, improve
capacity and reliability and give consumers
greater choice and control over the way in which
they use energy.
3.4.3 THE PLATFORM
Perth Solar City is part of the Australian
Governments $94m Solar Cities program
bringing together industry, business,
government and community to change the way
we produce, use and save energy.
It is one of seven Solar Cities nationally and is
managed locally by Western Power on behalf of
the Australian Government.
The Perth Solar City program aims to identify
and understand barriers to the uptake of energy
efficiency and renewable energy by households
by testing and trialling new energy efficiency
technologies.
A number of Western Powers Smart Grid
Foundation Project technical trials are being
undertaken as part of our Perth Solar City
commitments. These trials are the metropolitan
Smart Metering Trial, the Direct Load Control
(DLC) Trial and the Photovoltaic (PV) Saturation
Trial.
The first step in the journey of transforming the

network to enable it to meet the future needs
and requirements of the community is the Smart
Grid Foundation Project which began in 2008
and is scheduled to complete in 2012.
|34|
Outside of the Smart Grid Foundation Project

residents in the Perth Solar City area (Shire
of Kalamunda, Town of Belmont, Shire of
Mundaring, City of Swan, Town of Bassendean
and Town of Bayswater) will also gain access
to free home eco-consultations, significant
discounts off solar hot water systems and PV
systems and will be able to take part in other
energy saving education programs.
3.4.4 THE INITIATIVES
Western Powers Smart Grid Foundation Project
involves five technical trials and Edge of Grid
projects.
FIGURE 33: SMART GRID FOUNDATION PROJECT

RELATIONSHIP
Perth Solar
City
Metropolitan
Smart Meter
trial
Smart
Metering
PV
Saturation
Direct
Load
Control
HVAC
Demand
Management
Ravensthorpe
Stage 2
Denmark /
Walpole
Smart Meter
trial
Energy
Edge
The technical trials are:

Smart Metering Trial (Metropolitan and
Denmark/ Walpole);
Green Town
DLC Trial;
PV Saturation Trial;
Smart Grid Foundation Project
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning

(HVAC); and
Energy Edge.
The Edge of Grid projects are:
FIGURE 34: SINGLE PHASE SMART METER
Ravensthorpe Stage 2; and

Green Town.
Figure 33 shows how these technical trials and
Edge of Grid projects are related.
3.4.5 TECHNICAL TRIALS
Western Power has chosen five technical trials to
begin its exploration into smart grid technologies
as a potential solution to the problems being
faced by the energy sector today.
The technologies selected offer potential
solutions to problems Western Power needs
to address now, and are technologies which
have been successfully trialled elsewhere. Many
of the technical trials will also complement
one another and enable future technologies,
reducing costs while maximising benefits.
3.4.5.1 SMART METERING TRIAL
Figure 34 shows an example of a Smart Meter
that enables two-way communication allowing
Western Power to remotely receive detailed
interval data from the meters on a half-hourly
basis. This allows for quicker reconnection of
power after an outage, early detection of power
quality issues and a reduction in the need for
Western Power to enter private property.
|35|
The Smart Metering trial, which involves the

installation of approximately 9000 meters in the
metropolitan area and 2000 meters in the rural
area, will:
3.4.5.2 DIRECT LOAD CONTROL TRIAL
allow Western Power, retailers and other

utilities an insight into how consumers
respond to time of use tariffs and their
consumption behaviour;
This issue alone has necessitated greater

investment in electricity infrastructure. In
suburbs where peak demand is used for a very
short period, DLC systems can be deployed
to reduce or manage an appliances power
demand during the peak periods.
Figure 35 shows the effect of the growing

penetration of residential air-conditioners in the
SWIS is driving peak demand growth.
facilitate the application of other smart grid

capabilities including Home Area Networks
and In Home Displays;
facilitate automatic notification about parts of

the network in danger of overloading; and
The DLC Trial will be conducted in the summers

of 2010/11 and 2011/2012 and will involve up
to 350 air conditioners utilising smart metering
infrastructure as the main communication
medium and the Home Area Network, enabled
by the smart meter, to signal the air conditioner.
The aim is to determine:
increase sensors and remote control capability

to enable rapid isolation of faults.
consumer interest in participating in DLC

programs;
Through the trial Western Power will gather

more accurate information about energy usage
patterns to better understand how energy
consumption can be altered to increase
utilisation of existing assets and defer capital
investment.
the cost of demand reduction;
enhance energy saving education programs;

enable Western Power to carry out direct load
control activities during times of peak usage;
whether wireless Home Area Network

solutions are suitable for Western Australian
housing; and
the extent of business process re-engineering
required to incorporate DLC capability within
Western Power.
FIGURE 3-5: AVERAGE SUMMER RESIDENTIAL DEMAND PROFILES
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
24:00
22:00
20:00
18:00
16:00
14:00
12:00
10:00
08:00
06:00
04:00
0
02:00
AVERAGE LOAD PER HOUSEHOLD (kW)
3.5
TIME OF DAY
2001 AVERAGE
2009 AVERAGE
2008 AVERAGE
2010 AVERAGE
|36|
3.4.5.3 PHOTOVOLTAIC SATURATION TRIAL
3.4.5.5 ENERGY EDGE
Improved technology and community demand

for alternative generation options are increasing
the incidence of distributed generation like PVs
on electricity networks. Utilities all over the
world are preparing to integrate and manage
increasing levels of distributed generation, as
high penetration has the potential to cause
operational problems such as over voltages and
increased short circuit currents.
Western Power operates a vast electricity

network which reaches rural properties often
in very remote edge of grid locations. The cost
of connecting and maintaining the network in
these situations is very high, and customers can
experience poor reliability due to very long spur
lines which are susceptible to environmental
damage.
This trial, which will begin in 2011, will examine

the impact of a high penetration of distributed
PV on the network by achieving a proposed
30% customer penetration of PVs on a single
distribution transformer.
Following the deployment of PV systems data
will be collected and analysed at various points
on the low voltage network and from smart
meters installed in the area. The data will be
used to study the impact of PVs on power
quality in the local distribution network.
By understanding the relationship of PV
electricity generation and network performance
this project will help Western Power maximise
the generation benefits to customers and the
electricity grid.
3.4.5.4 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING TRIAL
The HVAC Trial is part of the strategy to
develop non-network solutions to address
capacity constraints in areas where space for
new infrastructure is severely limited. A trial of
new HVAC control system technology is being
conducted in a City of Perth building in the
central business district (CBD).
The technology used for the trial aims to reduce
peak energy usage by intelligently controlling
HVAC temperature set points and operating
periods to improve efficiency. Discomfort to
occupants is minimised through real time
assessment of building sensors and occupant
surveys. During the trial, which finished in mid2010, a 15% reduction in peak use and an 11%
reduction in overall energy usage on specific
days was observed.
Western Powers 12 month Energy Edge Trial

involves supplying a farm 32 km east of York on
the end of a long spur line with electricity from
a hybrid Standalone Power System (SPS). This
hybrid power system consists of a combination
of energy sources, including solar photovoltaic
cells, batteries and a diesel generator, and
allows the farm to operate without a connection
to the distribution network.
The trial will help Western Power build capability
in developing innovative and sustainable
energy solutions for the future. The outcome
will influence future decisions about the
appropriateness of standalone power system SPS
solutions in similar locations across the state.
3.4.6 EDGE OF GRID PROJECTS
The Edge of Grid projects being carried out
under Western Powers Smart Grid Foundation
Project are in response to more specific
problems being experienced by two Edge of
Grid areas located on the fringes of the SWIS.
While these areas require tailored responses to
their unique energy needs, many of the solutions
Western Power will be trialling and implementing
in each of the areas may be applicable to other
parts of the SWIS.
3.4.6.1 RAVENSTHORPE STAGE 2
In May 2009, the Minister for Regional
Development asked Western Power and
Horizon Power to work together to resolve the
power quality and reliability issues affecting
Ravensthorpe. The town is supplied from a
radial distribution powerline, which is more than
270 km from the Katanning zone substation.
Western Power aims to further investigate the

viability of smart HVAC systems as a method of
demand and energy management and will also
assess customer interest in participating in new
HVAC programs.
|37|
3.4.6.2 GREEN TOWN
Western Power contractors commissioned

the Stage 1 temporary diesel power station in
Ravensthorpe during December 2009 which
has improved the quality and reliability of
power supply to the town. At the same time
an energy efficiency program was launched
involving the free provision of energy efficient
light globes and fuel switching incentives to
offset the increased use of diesel. The diesel
power station is a temporary solution and will be
required for a period of up to two years while the
details for the next stage are being planned.
The towns of Denmark and Walpole are located

approximately 48 km and 104 km west of Albany
respectively on Western Australias south coast.
Two 22kV distribution feeders supply the region
from the Albany 132/22kV substation.
Peak demand in Denmark and Walpole has
traditionally been observed over the Easter
holiday period. Figure 36 shows that the
peak demand has the potential to significantly
increase beyond the capacity of the present
distribution network.
Western Power will be working with community

and government stakeholders on the long
term solution to the towns electricity supply
requirements. The economics and technical
feasibility of a range of sustainable solutions are
being assessed in preparation for the second
stage. Western Power is endeavouring to fund
the long-term Ravensthorpe solution from its
ERA endorsed Access Arrangement. At this
stage it is envisaged that the long term solution
will be implemented over a number of sequential
stages. A proposal will be developed in 2010 in
consultation with key stakeholders including the
Ravensthorpe community and Government.
After power outages occurred in Denmark and

Walpole during Easter 2007, reducing peak
electricity demand became a critical objective
as one means of alleviating network constraints.
Western Power took a fresh approach to the
issue and looked for sustainable options rather
than focusing solely on poles and wires. This
was particularly important for a community
that prides itself on embracing a sustainable
lifestyle.
FIGURE 3-6: DENMARK PEAK DEMAND FORECAST AND SUPPLY CAPACITY
14,000
13,000
11,000
10,000
8,527
7,691
8,239
2013
6,000
7,431
7,960
2012
7,000
2011
8,000
2010
9,000
8,887
9,198
9,520
9,854
10,198
10,555
10,925
11,307
12,113
12,537
12,975
6,514
5,345
5,635
5,929
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
2026
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2009
2008
2007
0
2006
PEAK DIVERSIFIED DEMAND (kVA)
12,000
11,703
YEAR
NEW CUSTOMER APPLICATION LOADS
NEW NON-SPECIFIC CUSTOMER LOADS
TOTAL DENMARK FEEDER LOAD

FEEDER RATING
EXISTING CUSTOMER NATURAL LOAD GROWTH

EXISTING CUSTOMER BASE
|38|
Western Power has worked with local residents

and businesses to form the South Coast
Power Working Group. This group has worked
to raise awareness of Western Powers long
term plans for the area with the primary
objective of generating community interest to
actively participate in reducing their electricity
consumption during the peak time of 5.30 7.30
pm.
Energy efficient measures implemented to date
include:
installation of energy efficient light globes at
no cost to property owners;
running community education programs to
raise awareness of the cause and effect of
peak demand and ways to reduce energy
consumption;
establishing Green Town Energy Services (a
community shop) to provide energy efficiency
information, education and advisory services;
and
rebates for gas boosted solar hot water
systems.
3.4.7 SUMMARY OF SMART GRID PROGRAM

Western Power is being challenged by a
changing energy landscape driven by customer
expectations, the connection of small scale
renewable energy sources, ageing infrastructure
and the increasing price of energy.
Smart grids offer a number of benefits, which
positively affect consumers, the industry, the
environment and the economy. A smart grid
empowers customers to make better choices
about their energy use, makes the network more
responsive and efficient and optimises network
investment by using alternatives to building
more poles and wires.
Western Power is responding to the challenges
posed by the changing energy landscape
by exploring smart grid options to shape the
future of energy delivery. By working with key
stakeholders and learning from the experience
of others, Western Power is undertaking a
measured, responsible and economically
sensible approach to developing the right
energy solutions for Western Australians.
Western Power is also currently installing

2,500 smart meters and communications
infrastructure in the Green Town area. As well
as offering immediate benefits, these will also
provide the foundation for future opportunities
for the Denmark and Walpole communities to
utilise more energy saving devices and take part
in further energy efficiency programs.
|39|
DEMAND FORECASTING
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Western Powers annual peak system

demand forecast provides crucial
input into developing plans for
expanding the electrical transmission
and distribution networks. Annual
peak demand is the maximum rate
of energy consumption across any
half hour in a year. By monitoring and
planning for peak demand Western
Power ensures the transmission and
distribution networks maintain their
ability to provide reliable supply under
the most strenuous of load demand
conditions.
Western Power reviews its 20 year peak demand

forecasts annually to ensure:
changes in trends are identified early;
impacts of increased load requirements of new
and existing customers accessing the network
are considered in a timely manner; and
efficient network expansion plans are
developed to supply forecast demands and
support economic development in Western
Australia.
Annual reviews of peak demand also ensure that
the most recent information and developments
are taken into consideration to forecast the
expected impact on:
each individual substations demand; and
the total system peak demand for the entire
SWIS.
For each substation, separate forecasts are
required for the substation peak load and the
substation load at the time of the total system
peak load as each of these peak loads may
not occur at the same time or have the same
drivers. The individual substation peak forecasts
identify growth at a detailed geographical
level in order for distribution and transmission
planning to cater for expected developments at
a suburb, Shire or regional level.
|40|
The total system peak forecast identifies

the growth at a higher geographical level
encompassing the total SWIS in order to
establish the total load growth of the entire
customer base.
Load Duration Curves show the proportion of

a year (expressed as a percentage of time in a
year) that the load demand of a substation is at
a particular level (expressed as a percentage of
the annual peak demand). Load duration curves
for the SWIS clearly show the deterioration of
the average system utilisation (known as the
load factor) due to the effect of higher peak
demands for shorter time periods. Comparing
the load duration curves over the past decade
shows a steady reduction in the load factor
from 61% in 2000/01 to 54% in 2009/10. This
indicates that in 2000/1 the demand exceeded
61% of the annual maximum demand for half
of the year. While in 2009/10 the demand only
exceeded 54% of the annual maximum demand
for half the year.
Since 1995 the SWIS has consistently

demonstrated a summer peaking network. This
means that in each year the summer peak load
has consistently exceeded the winter peak
load requiring Western Power to monitor and
forecast the summer demand load growth. The
key contributor to this is the increased use of air
conditioning systems. This has had a dramatic
impact on the size and duration of these peaks,
which are becoming increasingly higher for
shorter periods of time. This results in a steeper
rate of change in load for the same time period.
In order for Western Power to maintain the
system reliability we need to plan and design
for these steep peak demands, and develop
mitigating strategies to reduce or smooth out
these peaks.
FIGURE 4-1: SWIS LOAD DURATION CURVES FOR 2000/01, 2004/05 AND 2009/10
100%
90%
80%
60%
50%
REDUCING LOAD FACTOR
2000/2001 - 61%
2004/2005 - 57%
2009/2010 - 54%
40%
30%
20%
10%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0%
PERCENT MW LOAD
70%
PERCENT FINANCIAL YEAR

2000/2001
2004/2005
2009/2010
|41|
4.2 FORECASTING METHODOLOGY

Western Powers annual system peak demand
forecast review is based on robust statistical
regression analysis of historical peak load
demand and includes the impact of load
transfers and new block loads to adjust
underlying trends determined by the regression
analysis. To ensure that the underlying trends of
load growth are correctly determined, Western
Power identifies historical and future load
transfers between substations and the impact
of old and new block loads, then removes these
events from the linear regression calculation.
The primary objective of Western Powers
peak system demand summer forecast is to
determine the load growth at each substation.
This assists transmission and distribution
planning to identify the specific geographical
areas where load is expected to exceed the
present capacity. A clear understanding of
this key network expansion driver is a crucial
step in the planning process. The process
enables Western Power to determine the most
economically efficient option from among the
most technically feasible solutions in order to
resolve the capacity constraints.
Three key drivers of load demand growth are
identified in Western Powers annual peak
system demand forecast. These are:
the underlying growth trend at each
substation. This growth component reflects
the consistent stable longer term trend within
a geographic area that is supplied by a
substation.
the block loads at each substation. This is the
immediate load growth event that exceeds the
underlying growth trend.
the effect of high temperature on peak
demand. To cater for this effect Western
Power forecasts for a 1 in 10 year extreme
temperature event, commonly referred to as a
Probability of Exceedence of 10% (PoE10).
The PoE10 demand forecast produced by
Western Power captures the demand increase
that can occur under extreme weather
conditions. Forecasting for these events ensures
network capacity has the robustness required
to sufficiently cater for the 1 in 10 year peak
summer events.
A beneficial attribute of Western Powers

approach to developing the PoE10 forecast
is that it identifies the historical demand
variance at each substation. This variance
is more prominent at the substation level
than at the total system level; as the effect of
random customer behaviour causes significant
variances of peak loads at the substation level.
These impacts have been considered at each
substation in the calculation of the PoE10
forecasts.
Two forecasts are compiled for each zone
substation.
The first forecast relates to the substation load
at the time of total system peak, referred to as
coincident peak; and
The second forecast relates to the substation
load at the time of individual substation peak,
referred to as non-coincident peak.
The coincident peak forecast is used to
determine the total system load demand growth
that is used in transmission network studies
that identify transmission network constraints
and possible reinforcement options. The
non coincident peak forecast determines the
individual substation peak load demand growth,
which is used to plan for reinforcement of
substation capacity.
Western Power compares the total annual
system forecast to the equivalent IMO forecast
that is published annually in the Statement of
Opportunities report in order to identify and
understand any anomalies that exist.
|42|
Different forecasting methods are involved:
The primary reasons for the differences in the

initial years include:
The IMO forecast is produced using an

econometric forecasting model. This
technique allows a SWIS-wide forecast to
be produced, but is difficult to apply at an
individual zone substation level. The IMO
forecast uses data from the supply side of the
electrical network; where the generators are
supplying energy into the network.
The IMOs 2010 forecast applied an

adjustment for the effects of extremely hot
temperatures, whereas this is catered for
within the PoE10 forecast process used by
Western Power.
Western Power produce a high and central
forecast that mainly vary by the assumed
staging and size of large new block loads.
Western Powers central forecast represents
a forecast that comprises of underlying load
growth combined with new block loads that
have a high probability of occurring. The
high forecast includes additional new block
loads that are less certain on size, timing
and likelihood to proceed. The timing and
load demand of some of these developments
differed between the IMOs and Western
Powers forecasts.
The Western Power forecast uses data

from the demand side of the network which
represents load at each zone substation.
Historically there is an average of 5% to 6%
difference between these supply and demand
values.
Figure 42 shows the IMO 2010 forecast,
less network losses, (solid light grey line) in
comparison with the equivalent Western Power
2010 PoE10 high load forecast (dotted dark
grey line) and, historically, reflects a difference
of around 200MW per annum. This represents
the transmission network losses between the
energy entering the network and the energy
entering the substation.
Western Power applies diversifying factors to

new block loads. This accounts for the fact
that not all customers have a high or maximum
load demand at the same time, which
contributes to the maximum demand on the
network. The IMO forecasts are based on nondiversified loads, which mean that all network
users are expected to have a high or maximum
load demand at the same time.
Figure 42 shows that both the IMO and Western

Powers forecasts have similar trends after the
first four years.
FIGURE 4-2: IMO AND WESTERN POWER 2010 FORECASTS
6,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
0
2001
PEAK LOAD (MW)
5,000
YEAR
IMO FORECAST 2010 EXPECTED ECONOMIC GROWTH (PoE10)
HISTORICAL SYSTEM PEAK LOAD
IMO FORECAST LESS NETWORK LOSSES
WP CENTRAL LOAD FORECAST PoE10
IMO & GSR HISTORY
WP HIGH LOAD FORECAST PoE10
|43|
Western Powers high forecast is based on

the central forecast but includes additional
new block loads determined through market
research and customer interaction. However,
although these additional loads are considered
less likely to occur Western Power needs to
consider them in the high forecast in order to
develop longer term plans which are robust to
changes in the rate of economic growth. This
ensures that efficient options are identified
which are capable of supplying these additional
block loads. The difference between the high
forecast and the central forecast suggests that
there may be a step change in the investment
required if the developments underpinning the
high forecast eventuate.
A structured framework is used to review and
determine whether to include new block loads
in Western Power forecasts. This involves
numerous consultations with a number of
stakeholders including; new and existing
customers, Department of State Development,
LandCorp, Development Councils, Shires
and residential and commercial developers.
Engaging with stakeholders at a micro level
allows Western Power to identify the likely areas
of growth and gain wider and specialised input
on major customer projects. This approach
results in a changing level of certainty regarding
the magnitude and timing of block loads that
alter as the customer requirements change over
time. The forecasts presented in this document
take into account information available to
Western Power as at 6 August 2010.
FIGURE 4-3: WESTERN POWER (SWIS) HISTORICAL
DEMAND GROWTH RATES
12%
10%
8%
4%
2%
0%
-2%
The 2009 peak load demand reflected

exceptionally high growth exceeding 8%.
This was underpinned by sustained growth
in the mining sector which, in turn, has
underpinned the strong population increase
experienced within the SWIS and the state of
Western Australia. The major driver of growth
in 2009 was the ramp up of production at the
Boddington Gold Mine. However, excluding this
customer, the system peak megawatt demand
still grew at a substantial 4.2%.
In comparison, the average 10 year historical
growth rate has been 6.5% per annum.
This demonstrates robust long-term growth
primarily driven by increasing production in
the resource sector contained and developing
within the SWIS. This strong industrial growth is
compounded by Western Australias population
growth of 1.7%6 per annum from 2004 to 2008.
The majority of the population growth occurred
within the area of the state supplied by the
SWIS, with 74% of the population residing in the
metropolitan area.
Figure 43 shows the annual demand growth
rates recorded for the SWIS over the past 10
years.
The 2009/10 electrical load demand growth in
each of the specific load regions is provided
in Table 41. The region with the highest
load growth is Country East reflecting a
58.95% annual growth primarily driven by the
increased throughput as production increased
for Boddington Gold Mine. Apart from the
Country North region, all other regions reflect
significantly strong growth in 2009. This is a
noteworthy fact considering the 2009 summer
was not regarded as being particularly hot:
meaning that temperature was a minimal
contribution to the strong load growth. The
Country North region, which displayed negative
growth, was affected by a number of mining
activities closing down. Closure was due
to mines coming to the end of their life and
strategic decisions refocusing certain mining
operations. In addition a major industrial
operation temporarily reduced production
output however, this reduction is expected to
return in the near future.
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
-4%
2001
PERCENT
6%
4.3 REVIEW OF 2009 GROWTH
YEAR
WESTERN POWER HISTORICAL PEAK LOAD DEMAND GROWTH
6 Determined from: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)

29 April 2010 - National Regional Profile: Western Australia
- ABS Home > Latest National Regional Profiles by Location
Name (Main Areas)
|44|
TABLE 41: WESTERN POWER HISTORICAL DEMAND GROWTH

RATES AT SYSTEM PEAK
REGION
2009 / 2010
PERCENTAGE
GROWTH RATE
Metro CBD
7.20
Metro North
5.75
Metro South
5.28
Metro East
9.42
Country North
-9.41
Country South
5.93
Country East
58.95
Country Goldfields
10.83
Figure 44 provides the annual growth rates for

the high PoE10 and central PoE10 load demand
forecasts. The variance between the high
forecast and the central forecast from 2013 to
2018 is due to the inclusion of major additional
block loads from the Mid-West, South-West
and Peel regions for developments that, at
present, have a lower certainty of proceeding.
Should these projects proceed they will have
a dramatic impact on network expansion. It is
therefore important that Western Power take
these projects into consideration early on in
the planning process to develop acceptable
strategic options.
For all regions the load demand forecast growth
rates over the period 2011 to 2020 are shown
in Table 43 with the forecast load demand
in Table 42. Figure 45 to Figure 412 show
the forecast for the individual regions. These
forecasts are regional demands coincident with
the SWIS total peak demand.
These regions are shown in the maps of Figure

81 and Figure 817. Appendix B provides a
means to correlate Department of Planning
regions, Local Government Authority (LGA),
Western Power Regions and Sectors. The
Appendix also provides a cross reference to the
planning information presented in Chapter 8.
Table 43 shows that exceptionally high load

growth is expected in the Country North Region
due to the anticipated developments in the MidWest over the next few years, driven primarily
by the expected development of iron ore
production and export. This growth underpins
the single largest planned expansion of the
Transmission network undertaken on the SWIS
by Western Power. The other regions show
variable load growth over the next few years.
4.4 2011 TO 2020 DEMAND FORECAST

Western Powers 2010 central PoE10 system
peak demand load forecast predicts an average
annual increase of 5.4% over the next five years.
This strong growth is indicative of the resilient
nature of Western Australias economy at this
period in time, and is particularly driven by the
developments within the Mid-West region.
FIGURE 4-4: WESTERN POWER (SWIS) FORECAST DEMAND GROWTH RATES

12%
10%
6%
4%
2%
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
0%
2011
PERCENT
8%
YEAR
CENTRAL PoE10 FORECAST
HIGH PoE10 FORECAST
|45|
This variability is consistent with the market

information that has been received and reflects
the accessed likelihood of the new block loads
proceeding. Beyond 2014/15 the load growth
expected for all regions is forecast to stabilise.
This is mainly due to factors that include:
The absence of market information for future
investment developments;
Low certainty of likelihood for the investment
development to proceed.
Western Power continually receives many
requests for feasibility studies and connections,
many of which do not come to fruition and
several of which are under consideration by
the respective investors. The impact of these
developments proceeding is accessed using
a decision matrix that includes factors such
as required in service date, development
milestones, network augmentation requirements
and underlying load growth on the substation.
The high forecast scenario includes projects

that are less likely to proceed based on present
information but are considered to enable
Western Power to develop options within a more
robust framework. As the level of certainty of
major projects change, the requirement to cater
for their expansion will change. For this reason it
is vital that a flexible and robust options analysis
is developed and maintained in order to invest
and expand the network economically.
It should be noted that the impact of the
proposed mining super profits tax was not
factored into the forecast as no clear direction
was available from government or the market
when preparing the forecast that include the
2010 peak system load demand information.
Similarly, the impact of a future carbon trading
and pricing scheme was not considered due to
uncertainty regarding the expected timing and
scope of the scheme.
TABLE 42: CENTRAL MW LOAD FORECAST PoE10 FOR SUMMER PEAK LOAD DEMAND IN YEARS 2011 TO 2020
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Metro CBD
384
396
405
412
429
436
442
455
460
466
Metro North
1,111
1,159
1,203
1,244
1,294
1,338
1,379
1,414
1,454
1,496
Metro South
1,412
1,475
1,535
1,591
1,654
1,700
1,746
1,795
1,835
1,881
Metro East
199
208
219
225
233
239
245
252
258
264
Country North
162
270
298
304
311
316
321
327
332
338
Country South
437
492
524
537
553
564
578
624
639
657
Country East
227
227
228
229
231
232
233
234
234
235
Country Goldfields
96
106
118
119
121
122
123
125
126
127
TOTAL MW
4028
4333
4531
4660
4828
4947
5068
5225
5338
5464
TABLE 43: PERCENT CHANGE CENTRAL FORECAST PoE10 FOR SUMMER PEAK LOAD DEMAND IN YEARS 2011 TO 2020
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Metro CBD %
7.53
3.03
2.32
1.54
4.04
1.54
1.48
2.80
1.01
1.32
Metro North %
7.82
4.13
3.69
3.27
3.86
3.26
2.99
2.45
2.77
2.84
Metro South %
11.24
4.29
3.92
3.49
3.83
2.70
2.62
2.71
2.21
2.43
Metro East %
3.87
4.16
4.99
2.78
3.40
2.42
2.60
2.55
2.34
2.41
Country North %
9.18
39.81
9.55
1.77
2.55
1.46
1.68
1.78
1.49
1.58
Country South %
8.97
11.24
6.16
2.36
3.00
1.94
2.27
7.47
2.38
2.63
Country East %
19.38
0.25
0.27
0.39
1.10
0.16
0.42
0.43
0.28
0.40
Country
Goldfields %
8.42
9.57
10.29
1.02
1.71
0.77
1.02
1.03
0.86
0.98
TOTAL % CHANGE
7.04
7.04
4.38
2.77
3.48
2.40
2.38
3.01
2.12
2.30
|46|
500
8.0
450
7.2
400
6.4
350
5.6
300
4.8
250
4.0
200
3.2
150
2.4
100
1.6
50
0.8
% CHANGE OF CURRENT YEAR MW LOAD
MW LOAD
FIGURE 4-5: METRO CBD CENTRAL FORECAST PoE10 (2011 - 2020)
0.0
0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
CURRENT YEAR
CBD
CBD %
1,600
9.0
1,400
7.9
1,200
6.8
1,000
5.6
800
4.5
600
3.4
400
2.3
200
1.1
0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
CURRENT YEAR
METRO NORTH
METRO NORTH %
|47|
MW LOAD
FIGURE 4-6: METRO NORTH CENTRAL FORECAST PoE10 (2011 - 2020)
2000
12.0
1800
10.8
1600
9.6
1400
8.4
1200
7.2
1000
6.0
800
4.8
600
3.6
400
2.4
200
1.2
MW LOAD
FIGURE 4-7: METRO SOUTH CENTRAL FORECAST PoE10 (2011 - 2020)
0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
CURRENT YEAR
METRO SOUTH
METRO SOUTH %
300
6.0
250
5.0
200
4.0
150
3.0
100
2.0
50
1.0
0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
CURRENT YEAR
METRO EAST
METRO EAST %
|48|
MW LOAD
FIGURE 4-8: METRO EAST CENTRAL FORECAST PoE10 (2011 - 2020)
400
45.0
350
39.4
300
33.8
250
28.1
200
22.5
150
16.9
100
11.3
50
5.6
MW LOAD
FIGURE 4-9: COUNTRY NORTH CENTRAL FORECAST PoE10 (2011 - 2020)
0.0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
CURRENT YEAR
COUNTRY NORTH
COUNTRY NORTH %
700
12.0
600
10.3
500
8.6
400
6.9
300
5.1
200
3.4
100
1.7
0.0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
CURRENT YEAR
COUNTRY SOUTH
COUNTRY SOUTH %
|49|
MW LOAD
FIGURE 4-10: COUNTRY SOUTH CENTRAL FORECAST PoE10 (2011 - 2020)
240
24.0
220
22.0
200
20.0
180
18.0
160
16.0
140
14.0
120
12.0
100
10.0
80
8.0
60
6.0
40
4.0
20
2.0
MW LOAD
FIGURE 4-11: COUNTRY EAST CENTRAL FORECAST PoE10 (2011 - 2020)
0.0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
CURRENT YEAR
COUNTRY EAST
COUNTRY EAST %
140
12.0
120
10.3
100
8.6
80
6.9
60
5.1
40
3.4
20
1.7
0.0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
CURRENT YEAR
COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS
COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS %
|50|
MW LOAD
FIGURE 4-12: COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS CENTRAL FORECAST PoE10 (2011 - 2020)
GENER ATION SCENARIO

PLANNING
5.1
GENERATION CONNECTION
ARRANGEMENT
The connection of generation

to the SWIS is generally on an
unconstrained basis. This means the
network is planned to ensure that for
contingencies within the planning
criteria in the Technical Rules, all
generators are able to export up to
their declared sent out capacity,
regardless of what other generators
are exporting. The declared sent out
capacity is the maximum amount
of power that the generator has
contracted with Western Power to
export to the network.
Western Power sees merit in a well planned,

systematic and long-term transition from the
current unconstrained network access model to
a constrained access model in order to optimise
the economic return from investment in the
transmission and distribution network as well
as generation assets. This transition could have
a significant impact on the planning process
for the connection of future generation. The
reinforcements would no longer be driven by
the need for all generators to be able to export
up to their declared sent out capacity but allow
sufficient generation to be dispatched to meet
the load requirements.
Reinforcement of the network to remove
a constraint for a generator would then be
driven by reducing the cost of supplying
energy to loads rather than directly assigning
reinforcements to generators. This change
would have a significant impact on the current
market structure and the process that is used
to assign capacity credits to generation. The
National Electricity Market is based on a
constrained access model.
Western Power currently plans for the
connection of generation to the SWIS, in
the short-term through the network access
process. Western Power performs studies
on the proposed generation connections to
determine whether any network augmentations
are required. The progression of a generator
network access application is also considered in
the development of generation scenarios.
|51|
5.2 USE OF SCENARIOS IN TRANSMISSION

PLANNING
Western Powers transmission planning
responds to drivers triggered by expected
growth in maximum demand and the expected
connection of new generation. The long
lead times required to obtain environmental
approvals, funding and regulatory approvals for
new transmission lines often allows generation
to develop more rapidly than transmission
lines. Waiting for firm generation proponents
prior to commencing planning studies runs the
risk of unwarranted delays in connecting new
generation. Western Power intends to annually
commission a number of generation scenarios
developed from an external market modelling
consultant to understand how different
generation scenarios might drive network
development. This information will be used in
conjunction with network access applications
to help identify the long-term target networks
for different load and generation development
scenarios.
The long-term target network required for
each scenario is then examined to determine
commonality in network development. A
robust plan is one that positions the network
to accommodate a range of uncertain futures
with optimised investment. Transmission line
route and substation site selection consider
both the immediate drivers and the expected
future drivers in terms of both demand and
generation. Work is done on line route selection
and purchase of substation sites before they
are required in order to preserve longer term
solutions to network issues. The actual network
expansion is then triggered once there is
sufficient certainty to justify the projects.
5.3 GENERATION SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT
The energy sector is facing considerable
changes over the next decade. The possible
introduction of some form of carbon trading
scheme, with the legislated expansion
of the Renewable Energy Target, could
significantly change the fundamental economic
competitiveness of traditional thermal
generators. Coal fired generators will become
significantly disadvantaged, and over time could
retire, be mothballed for several years, or revert
to an intermediate role with combined cycle gas
fired generators becoming base load providers
of electricity. The outcome will be a tradeoff
between the disadvantage of a higher price
for gas as a fuel, the advantage of lower CO2
emissions, and the additional capital cost of
renewable technologies.
Transmission network service providers (TNSP)

also are exposed to the changes in the energy
sector. Increased use of transmission services
will be necessary should the market succeed
in delivering a broad mix of diversely located
energy generators to the grid. Furthermore,
improving energy efficiency by reducing
transmission losses may provide incentives to
upgrade existing transmission corridors.
Emerging technologies, such as carbon capture
and storage for fossil-fuelled generators and
integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
may begin to mature, and provide an alternative
to gas and renewable generators in a carbon
constrained future.
Western Australia is expected to contribute
its share towards reducing emissions, with
significant capacities of wind generation
expected to enter the market. Gas fired
generators are expected to dominate new
generation projects, although the emergence of
the liquefied natural gas (LNG) export industry
may increase domestic gas prices such that
the benefit of lower emissions, and therefore
more competitive market bids compared to coal
generators may be negated to some extent.
Developments in Western Australia in the next
decade are highly uncertain with any changes
to the factors in the scenario model potentially
changing the priority of the scenarios. The most
significant factors for consideration in scenario
modelling are likely to be:
Level of ambition of Australias likely Carbon
Price Trajectory (CPT)
The Federal Labor Government has committed
to emissions reduction targets of 5% to 25%
below 2000 levels by 2020. There is bipartisan
support for a 5% target, although it is unclear
whether the federal opposition target would
directly involve the electricity sector. There has
been substantial difficulty in passing legislation
for a domestic emissions trading scheme, which
makes further delay in the implementation of
domestic carbon pricing possible.
Demand growth
Western Power provided two load demand
growth scenarios (central and high forecasts).
The demand growth scenarios are described in
Chapter 4.
Availability of gas for electricity generation
The further development of LNG export facilities
in Western Australia is likely to maintain the high
prices of domestic gas due to export parity.
|52|
If there is very aggressive growth in this

industry it could be difficult for new gas-fired
generation to obtain gas at a competitive price,
encouraging new generation projects to use
other energy sources.
Wind ambition
The SWIS has excellent wind resources,
which have attracted significant interest in
wind generation development. However,
as an isolated grid, there are limitations on
the quantity of wind generation that can be
accommodated without changes to various
market rules and other technical factors.
If there is a significant level of ambition to

overcome these factors, wind development in
the SWIS could be substantial otherwise it is
likely to be moderate.
ROAM Consulting (ROAM) were engaged
to assist in the development of generation
scenarios. Their analysis methodology has
been developed to support the TNSPs Access
Arrangement applications. The methodology
provides a probabilistic assessment of
generation and load development options over
a ten year period, comprising the five year
revenue reset period and a number of years
post-revenue reset for which to assess any endeffects. The approach is summarised in Figure
51 below:
FIGURE 5-1: GENERATION SCENARIO PLANNING METHODOLOGY
Scenario Theme-Sets developed and

probabilities assigned. Probabilities of
a theme set may be dependent on other
theme sets
Generation projects and possible

retirements identified
Outlooks developed as combination of

themes
Generation projects assigned broad

likelihoods for each outlook given the
impact of the outlook on the project
Top-Down Weighting calculated as

combination of theme probabilities
Outlooks split into Outlook Scenarios where

planting or retirements are uncertain, or
magnitude of outlook probability demands
consideration of numerours possible
alternatives
Generation projects assigned to each

outlooks scenario with respect to the
given project probability for each outlook
Final Probability defined as a product of

the Top-Down Weighting and BottomUp Weighting
Bottom-Up Weighting calculated as

geometric mean of installed plant and
generation retirements
|53|
The following sections discuss each of the steps

of the methodology.
STEP 3: CALCULATE PROBABILITIES OF EACH

OUTLOOK
Part A involves defining the external drivers that

will influence the development of the electricity
sector and assigning probabilities to those
drivers. The result of this is a series of outlooks,
which define the potential futures the electricity
market will respond to.
The resulting outlook probabilities are calculated

as the product of probabilities of each theme
for that outlook. Since probabilities are allowed
to be varied depending upon the outlook,
more informed choices can be made about the
likelihood of various aspects, given the other
assumptions of the outlook. This results in some
outlooks receiving a zero probability weighting,
which eliminates them from the solution set.
STEP 1: DEFINITION OF EXTERNAL DRIVERS

(THEMES)
5.5 PART B: DETERMINE PLANTING

SCHEDULES (BOTTOM UP APPROACH)
The first stage is to define the external drivers

that are most important to the electricity market.
These are external factors that the electricity
market has no control over, but will respond to.
Part B involves determining likely planting7

schedules that will develop in response to
the outlooks defined in Part A. Even within a
particular outlook, there is uncertainty regarding
the way that investors and market participants
will respond to the external drivers. Therefore,
multiple planting schedules may be developed
for each outlook, with probabilities calculated
according to the probabilities of each plant
included in that schedule. This captures the
uncertainty of the markets responses to
external drivers, separate from the uncertainty in
those drivers.
5.4 PART A: DETERMINE OUTLOOKS (TOP

DOWN APPROACH)
The combination of these themes creates

outlooks, where an outlook defines a possible
future that the electricity market will respond to.
The combined probability of the various themes
in an outlook is considered. The outlook is
assessed and those with very low probabilities
are eliminated from further consideration.
STEP 2: ASCRIBE PROBABILITIES TO
EXTERNAL DRIVERS (THEMES)
ROAM has ascribed probabilities to each theme
in the following way.
The most independent theme is considered
first, with probabilities ascribed to the various
possibilities for that theme.
An example of an initial theme would be the
level of ambition of the Carbon Price Trajectory
(CPT) since this is relatively independent
of the other themes, being decided by the
Federal Government based upon international
commitments.
The other themes are then ascribed probabilities
sequentially, with the probabilities being
dependent upon the option of the earlier
themes. For example, the second theme
may be the load growth. Demand projection
probabilities are dependent upon the CPT
options for each outlook. A low emissions
reduction target (-5%) will allow high growth
to continue with a higher probability, whereas
a very deep target (-25%) is likely to inspire
greater levels of energy efficiency, and reduced
demand growth.
STEP 1: DETERMINE A LIST OF ALL POSSIBLE

PLANTS
Firstly, a list of all the possible plants that
could be included in the outlook period for the
region of interest is developed. This includes
all significant committed, announced and
proposed projects (gas, coal and renewable).
STEP 2: DETERMINE A LIST OF ALL POSSIBLE
RETIREMENTS
Secondly a list of all the possible plants that
may retire in the outlook period for the region of
interest is developed. This is based on ROAMs
extensive research and modelling of Australias
possible CPT under various outlooks and
scenarios, together with the condition of older
plant.
7 Planting scenarios of possible additional (to existing

generation capacity) generator capacities and quantities
to supply published load network energy inputs. Planting
scenarios are developed to satisfy likely combinations of
the different outlook requirements of electrical load, carbon
price trajectory, gas availability, wind ambition, reserve
plant margins, average capacity factors, installed renewable
capacity and emissions. For each scenario a combination
probability of each requirement is used to provide a likelihood
of occurrence ranking for the planting that is used to study
network requirements for the most likely generation options.
|54|
STEP 3: ASSIGN INITIAL PROBABILITIES
4. GAS MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Following substantial research into each

project and retirement, an initial ranking is
assigned to capture their relative likelihoods of
being constructed (or retired). These rankings
are dependent upon the outlook, since the
probability of construction (or retirement) of a
particular plant will depend upon the external
drivers (such as the demand forecast, the CPT
target, and the expansion of the LNG export
industry).
If gas availability is unrestricted, the majority

of future development is likely to be in gasfired technologies provided the impact of
international gas price parity and pipeline costs
allows the generators to remain competitive.
If gas supplies are limited coal-fired and
renewable energy projects are likely to be more
favourable for development.
STEP 4: PLANTING SCHEDULES ARE

DEVELOPED
In this step, planting schedules for each
scenario are developed. A particular scenario
consists of a particular planting schedule within
an outlook (each unique planting schedule is a
scenario). The number of scenarios developed
for each outlook can vary depending upon the
variety of alternatives available for planting
each outlook, taking into consideration which
variations are likely to drive significant variations
in the development of the transmission network.
The following factors are taken into account in
ROAMs development of each outlooks planting
(and retirement) schedules, in addition to the
themes of each outlook:
1. ESTIMATED INITIAL PROBABILITIES OF
EACH PLANT
Plants are included broadly in proportion to their
initial estimated probabilities, determined from
ROAMs market research and modelling.
5. ENERGY PROJECTIONS
ROAM uses estimated average capacity factors
for each plant type to estimate the likely energy
generated from a particular planting mix, in
relation to energy consumption forecasts.
This ensures that the plant mix (baseload,
intermediate and peaking) is feasible.
6. PLANT LOCATIONS
The locations of new plants are considered
in the development of planting schedules, in
conjunction with any known limiting factors
around plant location. Known transmission
limitations are taken into consideration.
7. OTHER FACTORS
ROAM also uses market knowledge and
experience to take into consideration any
other factors that may be important in the
development of the market.
In planting each of the scenarios, a number
of iterations are performed and cross-checks
completed in order to reach a plausible planting
outcome for each scenario.
2. DEMAND
Plants are constructed to achieve the Reserve
Capacity Target stipulated by the IMO, with a
likely margin above that representing entry of
competitive generation above the target.
3. CARBON PRICE TRAJECTORY
With a milder emissions reduction target (0% to
5%), more emissions intensive plant is allowed,
as the penalty for emitting is less arduous for
these plants. With higher emissions targets
more renewable plant is included. Anticipated
average emissions factors for each plant type
are used to predict likely emissions from each
planting schedule under development, to inform
the planting. The price points at which plant
type changeover will occur is informed by
ROAMs extensive modelling and research.
5.6 PART C: DETERMINATION OF FINAL

PROJECT PROBABILITIES
The final probabilities for each proposed
generator (and retirement) can be calculated as
the sum of the scenario probabilities in which
the generator is installed. A generator which
is installed in many scenarios is likely to have
a higher overall probability, depending upon
the probability of the scenarios it is planted
within. Similarly, a generator which is installed
in only a select few scenarios is likely to have a
lower overall probability, depending upon the
probability of the scenarios it is planted within.
|55|
THEMES CONSIDERED
Two scenarios are considered.
Load
Western Power developed load forecasts as
discussed in Chapter 4.
High level of ambition from the State

Government for increased wind generation;
and
Carbon Price Trajectory

There is a high degree of uncertainty associated
with the carbon price. The studies completed by
ROAM included three options based on 0%, 5%
and 15% reduction in carbon emissions below
2000 levels by 2020.
Low level of ambition from the State

Government for increased wind generation.
Gas availability
Although northern Western Australia has
significant gas available, the increase in the LNG
export industry is likely to expose the state to
international gas prices. This could impact on
the competitiveness of gas-fired plant in the
SWIS. Two alternatives for gas availability were
considered. One with abundant gas supplies
and the other limited gas supplies.
Wind ambition
The SWIS has excellent wind resources
compared to other parts of Australia. However
as an isolated grid the SWIS has major
challenges with high levels of wind penetration.
As penetration levels increase, frequency
control ancillary services are likely to become
substantially more expensive and changes to
the market are likely to be required in order
to facilitate wind development. This issue has
been covered further in the ROAM report to the
Renewable Energy Generation Working Group
chaired by the IMO.
The probabilities of the eight most likely

scenarios and the associated themes for these
scenarios are Table 51.
The actual generation used in the four most
likely scenarios is given in Table 54. This table
includes all the new generation to be added to
the network and the year of the addition. The
fuel type and general location of the generation
is also included in the table.
All the scenarios also include the retirement of
Kwinana A in 2011-12 resulting in a reduction of
generation nameplate capacity of 240MW.
Table 52 shows the existing and committed
registered generation facilities for the SWIS.
This information is obtained from the 2010 IMO
Statement of Opportunities.
TABLE 51: MOST LIKELY GENERATION SCENARIOS
LOAD
CARBON PRICE
TRAJECTORY %
GAS AVAILABILITY
WIND AMBITION
PROBABILITY %
Central
15
Limited
Low
11.03
High
Limited
Low
10.08
High
Limited
Low
7.35
Central
15
Limited
High
7.35
Central
Limited
Low
6.72
High
Limited
High
6.72
High
Limited
High
4.90
Central
15
Limited
Low
4.73
|56|
TABLE 52: REGISTERED GENERATION FACILITIES EXISTING AND COMMITTED
PARTICIPANT NAME
FACILITY NAME
CAPACITY
CREDITS
2011/12
Alcoa of Australia
ALCOA_WGP
24
Alinta Sales Pty Ltd
ALINTA_PNJ_U1
129
ALINTA_PNJ_U2
132
ALINTA_WGP_GT
176
ALINTA_WGP_GT2
176
ALINTA_WWF
39.313
Collgar Wind Farm
INVESTEC_COLLGAR_WF1
90
EDWF Manager Pty Ltd
EDWFMAN_WF1
29.867
Goldfields Power Pty Ltd
PRK_AG
61.4
Griffin Power Pty Ltd
BW1_BLUEWATERS_G2
215.9
Griffin Power 2 Pty Ltd
BW2_BLUEWATERS_G1
215.9
Landfill Gas And Power Pty Ltd
CANNING_MELVILLE
1.188
KALAMUNDA_SG
1.3
RED_HILL
2.399
TAMALA_PARK
3.386
Mount Herron Engineering Pty Ltd
MHPS
0.223
NewGen Neerabup Partnership
NEWGEN_NEERABUP_GT1
330.6
NewGen Power Kwinana Pty Ltd
NEWGEN_KWINANA_CCG1
320
Perth Energy Pty Ltd
ATLAS
0.934
GOSNELLS
0.656
ROCKINGHAM
1.607
SOUTH_CARDUP
2.839
SkyFarming Pty Ltd
SKYFRM_MTBARKER_WF1
0.935
Southern Cross Energy
STHRNCRS_EG
11.995
Tesla Corporation Pty Ltd
TESLA_PICTON_G1
9.9
Verve Energy
ALBANY_WF1
7.085
Verve Energy
BREMER_BAY_WF1
0.195
Verve Energy
COCKBURN_CCG1
231.8
Verve Energy
COLLIE_G1
318
Verve Energy
GERALDTON_GT1
15.516
Verve Energy
KALBARRI_WF1
0.624
Verve Energy
KEMERTON_GT11
143
Verve Energy
KEMERTON_GT12
141.7
|57|
PARTICIPANT NAME
FACILITY NAME
CAPACITY
CREDITS
2011/12
Verve Energy
KWINANA_G1
Verve Energy
KWINANA_G2
Verve Energy
KWINANA_G5
174
Verve Energy
KWINANA_G6
177
Verve Energy
KWINANA_GT1
16.925
Verve Energy
KWINANA_GT2
92.156
Verve Energy
KWINANA_GT3
92.156
Verve Energy
MUJA_G5
185
Verve Energy
MUJA_G6
185
Verve Energy
MUJA_G7
211
Verve Energy
MUJA_G8
211
Verve Energy
MUNGARRA_GT1
32.15
Verve Energy
MUNGARRA_GT2
32.15
Verve Energy
MUNGARRA_GT3
31.999
Verve Energy
PINJAR_GT1
32.15
Verve Energy
PINJAR_GT10
107
Verve Energy
PINJAR_GT11
115
Verve Energy
PINJAR_GT2
31.703
Verve Energy
PINJAR_GT3
37
Verve Energy
PINJAR_GT4
37
Verve Energy
PINJAR_GT5
37
Verve Energy
PINJAR_GT7
37
Verve Energy
PINJAR_GT9
107
Verve Energy
PPP_KCP_EG1
76.9
Verve Energy
SWCJV_WORSLEY_COGEN_COG1
106
Verve Energy
TIWEST_COG1
33
Verve Energy
WEST_KALGOORLIE_GT2
34.175
Verve Energy
WEST_KALGOORLIE_GT3
19
Waste Gas Resources Pty Ltd
HENDERSON_RENEWABLE_IG1
2.66
Western Australia Biomass Pty Ltd
BRIDGETOWN_BIOMASS_PLANT
40
Western Energy Pty Ltd
PERTHENERGY_KWINANA_GT1
105
|58|
TABLE 53: REGISTERED DSM FACILITIES EXISTING AND COMMITTED
PARTICIPANT NAME
FACILITY NAME
CAPACITY
CREDITS
2011/12
AVAILABILITY
(HRS/YEAR)
ALINTA_DSM_1
17
24
Barrick (Kanowna) Ltd
KANOWNA_CL1
24
DMT Energy
DMTENERGY_CL1 block 1
24
DMT Energy
DMTENERGY_CL1 block 2
10
24
Energy Response
ERESPONS_CL1 block 1
13
48
Energy Response
10
48
Energy Response
25
48
Energy Response
20
48
Energy Response
24
Griffin Power Pty Ltd
DSM_BODDINGTON_CL1
20
48
Premier Power Sales Pty Ltd
PREMPWR_DSM_CL1
10
24
PREMPWR_DSM_CL2 1.
24
PREMPWR_DSM_CL3
20
48
Synergy
SYNERGY_PDS142_CL41
40
48
Water Corporation
WATERCORP_CL1 block 1
14
24
Water Corporation
24
Water Corporation
WATERCORP_CL2 17.
24
Water Corporation
14
24
Water Corporation
24
|59|
TABLE 54: GENERATION PLANTING FOR THE FOUR MOST LIKELY SCENARIOS
YEAR
LOAD CENTRAL
CARBON PRICE
TRAJECTORY 15%
GAS AVAILABILITY
LIMITED
WIND AMBITION LOW
LOAD HIGH
CARBON PRICE
TRAJECTORY 5%
GAS AVAILABILITY
LIMITED
WIND AMBITION LOW
LOAD HIGH
CARBON PRICE
TRAJECTORY 0%
GAS AVAILABILITY
LIMITED
WIND AMBITION LOW
LOAD CENTRAL
CARBON PRICE
TRAJECTORY 15%
GAS AVAILABILITY
LIMITED
WIND AMBITION HIGH
Kwinana (190MW
CCGT),
DSM (50MW DSM),
Kwinana (190MW
CCGT),
DSM (50MW DSM),
Kwinana (190MW
CCGT),
DSM (50MW DSM),
Kwinana (190MW
CCGT),
DSM (50MW DSM),
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
Collie (200MW
Coal),
DSM (100MW DSM)
2013-14
Merredin (200MW
Wind),
Collie (200MW
Coal),
DSM (50MW DSM),
Merredin (200MW
Wind),
DSM (50MW DSM),
Collie (200MW
Coal),
Merredin (200MW
Wind),
Collie (200MW
Coal),
DSM (180MW
DSM),
Merredin (200MW
Wind),
Merredin (75MW
Diesel),
Kwinana (5MW
Wave),
2014-15
Merredin (75MW
Diesel),
DSM (50MW DSM),
Eneabba (360MW
OCGT),
Merredin (75MW
Diesel),
DSM (50MW DSM),
Mungarra (45MW
Solar Thermal),
DSM (75MW DSM),
Eneabba (356MW
OCGT),
Merredin (75MW
Diesel),
Kwinana (5MW
Wave),
Eneabba (360MW
Coal),
Collie 3 (195MW
Coal),
Merredin (30MW
Wind),
Albany (15MW
Wind),
Beenup (55MW
Wind),
Eneabba (360MW
OCGT),
2015-16
Cataby (130MW
Wind),
Cataby (130MW
Wind),
Mungarra (45MW
Solar Thermal),
Cataby (130MW
Wind),
Merredin (30MW
Wind),
Collie (200MW
Coal),
Regional Diesel #1
(39MW Diesel),
Neerabup (30MW
Biomass),
Collie (195MW
Coal),
Cataby (130MW
Wind),
Mungarra (95MW
Wind),
Mungarra (45MW
Solar Thermal),
Mungarra (90MW
Wind),
2016-17
Kwinana (5MW
Wave),
Merredin (30MW
Wind),
Beenup (55MW
Wind),
Eneabba (4MW
Geo),
DSM (75MW DSM),
Kalgoorlie (2MW
Solar PV),
Cataby (40MW
Wind),
Albany (15MW
Wind),
Mungarra (90MW
Wind),
North Country
(99MW OCGT),
Regional Diesel #2
(40MW Diesel),
Regional Diesel #3
(40MW Diesel),
Albany (15MW
Wind),
Eneabba (360MW
OCGT),
Regional Diesel
(40MW Diesel),
Neerabup (30MW
Biomass),
Mungarra (170MW
OCGT),
Mungarra (45MW
Solar Thermal),
Kwinana (100MW
OCGT),
Northern Terminal
(99MW OCGT),
|60|
YEAR
LOAD CENTRAL
CARBON PRICE
TRAJECTORY 15%
GAS AVAILABILITY
LIMITED
WIND AMBITION LOW
LOAD HIGH
CARBON PRICE
TRAJECTORY 5%
GAS AVAILABILITY
LIMITED
WIND AMBITION LOW
LOAD HIGH
CARBON PRICE
TRAJECTORY 0%
GAS AVAILABILITY
LIMITED
WIND AMBITION LOW
LOAD CENTRAL
CARBON PRICE
TRAJECTORY 15%
GAS AVAILABILITY
LIMITED
WIND AMBITION HIGH
2017-18
Albany (15MW
Wind),
Cataby (390MW
Wind),
Walkaway (95MW
Wind),
Mungarra (170MW
OCGT),
North Country
(100MW OCGT),
Augusta (50MW
Wind),
North Country
(100MW OCGT),
Regional Diesel
(40MW Diesel),
Regional
Diesel(40MW
Diesel),
Cataby (130MW
Wind),
Kalgoorlie (2MW
Solar PV),
Cataby (390MW
Wind),
Northern Terminal
(99MW OCGT),
2018-19
Mungarra (170MW
OCGT),
Augusta (50MW
Wind),
Mungarra (45MW
Solar Thermal),
Nilgen (130MW
Wind),
Kwinana (100MW
OCGT),
Regional Diesel
(40MW Diesel),
Walkaway (95MW
Wind),
Mungarra (166MW
OCGT),
Cataby (200MW
Wind),
Kwinana (100MW
OCGT),
Northern Terminal
(99MW OCGT),
2019-20
Mungarra (90MW
Wind),
Kwinana (100MW
OCGT),
Kwinana (100MW
OCGT),
Northern Terminal
(100MW OCGT),
Mungarra (90MW
Wind),
Kwinana (100MW
OCGT),
Regional Diesel
(40MW Diesel),
Augusta (50MW
Wind),
Kwinana (100MW
OCGT),
2020-21
Cataby (200MW
Wind),
Eneabba (4MW Geo

Thermal),
Northern Terminal
(100MW OCGT),
Northern Terminal
(100MW OCGT),
Kwinana (60MW
Wind),
Kwinana (100MW
OCGT),
|61|
COMPLETED PROJECTS
This section describes augmentations that have been completed since the
publication of the 2009 APR. During 2009/10 Western Power has undertaken
various investments to the SWIS to cater for increasing demand. The tables
below provide a comprehensive list of the projects completed in 2009/10 and
the key driver for each project.
TABLE 61: AUGMENTATION TO TRANSMISSION LINES NETWORK
COMMISSIONED PROJECTS AUGMENTATION TO THE TRANSMISSION LINES NETWORK

PROJECT
DRIVER
Cannington to Rivervale & Belmont

132kV line uprate
Increase capacity of the Cannington 132kV network
Cannington to Tate St 66kV line uprate
Increase capacity to Cannington 66kV network
Joel Terrace 132kV conversion stage 1
Voltage conversion from 66kV to 132kV and upgrade at

Joel Tce zone substation to increase capacity to supply
East Perth and CBD
Muja - Bunbury Harbour 132kV line

uprate
Increased capacity to supply Bunbury and surrounding

regional areas
Southern River 132kV line augmentation
Reinforcement of supply to Southern River substation
Southern Terminal line augmentation
Increased capacity to supply the CBD load area
Southern Terminal to Cannington

Terminal 330kV line augmentation
Upgrade to 330kV line to accommodate for a new

connection at Kwinana
Wellington St zone substation 132kV

augmentation
Meet prospective fault level due to new generation

connection
|62|
TABLE 62: NEW TERMINAL AND ZONE SUBSTATIONS
COMMISSIONED PROJECTS NEW TERMINAL AND ZONE SUBSTATIONS

PROJECT
DRIVER
Commissioning of new 330kV Terminal

station at Neerabup
Meet load growth in Northern suburbs and

accommodate new generation at Neerabup
Hazelmere zone substation and

Installation of distribution feeders
Establishment of a new 132/22kV zone substation at

Hazelmere - single 33MVA transformer installed along
with distribution feeders to off load Midland junction
and Forrestfield zone substation and supply growing
demand
TABLE 63: AUGMENTATION TO EXISTING SUPPLY POINTS AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
COMMISSIONED PROJECTS - AUGMENTATION TO EXISTING SUPPLY POINTS AND DISTRIBUTION

NETWORKS
PROJECT
DRIVER
Busselton zone substation installation

of new 33MVA transformer
Installation of a new 132/22kV 33MVA transformer and

2.5MVAr capacitor bank to increase supply capability to
the Busselton and surrounding regional area
Chapman zone substation

augmentation

11kV distribution feeders
Darlington zone substation installation

Installation of a new 132/22kV 33MVA transformer, 2x

5MVAr capacitor banks and 22kV distribution feeders
to increase supply capability in the shire of Mundaring
Forrestfield zone substation installation

Installation of a new third 132/22kV 33MVA transformer,

2x 5MVAr capacitor banks and 22kV distribution
feeders to ensure load balancing over the three
transformers. This is to increase supply capability to
the Shire of Kalamunda and City of Belmont
Kalamunda zone substation installation


installation of 22kV distribution feeders to increase
supply capability to the Shire of Kalamunda
Meadow Springs zone substation

installation of new 33MVA transformer

5MVAr Capacitor banks and 22kV distribution feeders
to off load Mandurah zone substation and provide
additional capacity in the South Metro 22kV (C) cluster
Muchea zone substation installation of

new 33MVA transformer
Installation of a new 132/22kV 33MVA transformer

along with installation of new 22kV distribution feeder
to balance load across all three transformers
Murdoch zone substation installation of


22kV distribution feeders to increase supply capability
to the southern part of City of Melville and northern part
of City of Cockburn
Piccadilly zone substation Installation of


installation of new 11kV distribution feeders to increase
supply capability to City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder
|63|
COMMISSIONED PROJECTS - AUGMENTATION TO EXISTING SUPPLY POINTS AND DISTRIBUTION

NETWORKS
PROJECT
DRIVER
Pinjarra zone substation installation of


associated 22kV distribution feeders to increase supply
capability to Shire of Murray and surrounding areas
Rangeway zone substation installation

Installation of a new 132/11kV 33MVA transformer,

2 x 5MVAr capacitor banks and corresponding 11kV
distribution feeder to cater for growth in the Geraldton
area
Waikiki zone substation installation of


5MVAr capacitor bank and 22kV distribution feeders to
increase supply capability to city of Rockingham area
TABLE 64: AUGMENTATION TO DISTRIBUTION FEEDER NETWORK
COMMISSIONED PROJECTS - DISTRIBUTION FEEDER AUGMENTATIONS:

PROJECT
DRIVER
Arkana zone substation feeder

reinforcement
Installation of additional feeder circuits at Arkana zone

substation and new distribution feeders to improve
supply capability out of Arkana zone substation
Beechboro zone substation distribution

feeder upgrades
To increase capacity in existing distribution network

and increase transfer capacity between zone
substations
Bentley zone substation installation of

new feeders
Installation of two new feeders from Bentley zone

substation to offload Tate St zone substation
Bunbury Harbour zone substation

Binningup feeder reinforcement
Upgrade to existing Binningup feeder to increase

supply capability to north of Bunbury
Busselton zone substation Broadwater feeder installation
Broadwater feeder installation to increase supply

capability out of Busselton zone substation
Byford zone substation reinforcement

of Alexander Rd feeder and installation
of new feeder to Armadale CBD
Installation of distribution feeders to increase overall

supply capacity to Armadale CBD and surrounding
regions
Cook St zone substation feeder

installation and network reconfiguration
New feeder installation to off load heavily loaded

feeders from Cook St zone substation and
reconfiguration of the network to improve distribution
transfer capacity
Distribution overloaded transformer

program 2009/2010
Upgrade to 154 distribution transformers throughout

the Metro and Country regions to prevent failure of
assets during peak periods and maintain continuity of
supply
Edmund St zone substation upgrade to

existing distribution feeders
Upgrade to existing Edmund St zone substation

distribution feeders to improve supply capability in City
of Fremantle and East Fremantle regions
Gosnells zone substation installation of

new Ferres Drive feeder
Installation of new distribution feeder to improve supply

capability in the Gosnells area
|64|
COMMISSIONED PROJECTS - DISTRIBUTION FEEDER AUGMENTATIONS:

PROJECT
DRIVER
Malaga zone substation
Installation of new distribution 22kV feeder to offload

Beechboro zone substation
Mandurah zone substation Ocean

Marina feeder upgrade and installation
of Waterside Drive Feeder
installation of new feeders from Mandurah zone

substation to improve capacity issues in the region
Margaret River zone substation Prevelly

feeder reinforcement
Upgrade to Prevelly feeder out of Margaret River zone

substation to increase capacity
Meadow Springs zone substation

installation of new Rochester Way
feeder
Installation of new feeder from Meadow Springs zone

substation to improve supply capability in the city of
Mandurah region.
Nedlands zone substation distribution

feeder installation and network upgrade
Upgrade to existing distribution overhead 6.6kV

network and installation of new feeders from Nedlands
zone substation
North Perth zone substation feeder

installation and upgrade to existing
overhead distribution 11kV network
Upgrade to existing overhead distribution 11kV network

and installation of new feeder to improve supply
capability in the North Perth region.
Rivervale and Vic Park zone substation

distribution network voltage conversion
(6.6kV to 22kV) stage 1
Upgrade to the distribution voltage in the Rivervale and

Vic Park networks from 6.6kV to 22kV stage 1. Increase
to supply capability in the Town of Victoria Park and
City of Belmont regions
Rockingham zone substation

installation of Ray St and Swinstone St
distribution feeders
Installation of new feeder from Rockingham zone

substation to improve supply capability in the southern
region
Shenton Park zone substation feeder

upgrades
Replacement of ageing underground feeder cables and

improved supply capability.
University zone substation distribution

feeder upgrade
Upgrade to several distribution feeders from the

University zone substation in order to replace ageing
assets and increase capacity.
Waikiki zone substation - installation of

Safety Bay and Currie St feeders
Installation of new distribution feeders to offload heavily

loaded distribution feeders in the Rockingham area.
Yanchep zone substation installation of

YP500 feeder
Installation of new feeder from Yanchep zone

substation in order to off-load existing heavily loaded
distribution feeders.
Yokine zone substation Distribution

11KV overhead upgrade
Upgrade to existing distribution overhead 11kV network

around the Yokine zone substation to increase capacity
|65|
TABLE 65: INSTALLATION OF CAPACITOR COMPENSATION AND MITIGATION OF VOLTAGE CONSTRAINTS ON DISTRIBUTION
NETWORK
COMMISSIONED PROJECTS - INSTALLATION OF CAPACITOR COMPENSATION AND MITIGATION OF VOLTAGE

CONSTRAINTS ON THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
PROJECT
DRIVER
Beverly voltage regulator installation
Installation of a voltage regulator to mitigate voltage

constraint issues downstream of Beverly area and to
effectively increase capacity in the Northam area.
Boyup Brook voltage regulator

installation

constraint issues downstream of Boyup Brook area and
to effectively increase capacity.
Corrigin voltage regulatory installation

constraint issues along the Corrigin feeder from
Kondinin zone substation.
Installation of 200MVAr reactive power

support at Southern Terminal
Enable new generation in the South West region
Installation of reactive power support at

Margaret River zone substation
Provide adequate reactive support to prevent low

voltage during contingencies
Jurien Bay voltage regulator installation
Installation of a second voltage regulator to mitigate

voltage constraint issues downstream of Jurien Bay
and to effectively increase capacity.
Kojonup voltage regulator installation

constraint issues downstream of Kojonup area and to
effectively increase capacity out of Katanning.
Lancelin voltage regulator installation
Installation of two voltage regulators to mitigate voltage

constraint issues along the Lancelin feeder from
Regans zone substation.
Lake Grace voltage regulator

installation
Installation of two voltage regulators to mitigate voltage

constraint issues along the Lake Grace feeder from
Narembeen voltage regulator

installation

constraint issues along the Narembeen feeder from
Yanchep Lacey Rd voltage regulator

installation
Installation of a voltage regulator and extension of the

existing distribution high voltage network to mitigate
voltage constraint issues around the Yanchep area.
The above tables are only for projects

completed to meet forecast growth on the
transmission and distribution networks. In
addition to the above projects, Western Power
carries out significant amount of augmentation
to the SWIS to meet the following drivers:
safety;
regulatory compliance;
connecting new customers on both the
transmission and distribution networks; and
reliability.
In 2009/10 Western Power invested an overall

amount of $1006M (inclusive of the committed
projects above), for both transmission and
distribution capital and maintenance investment
to ensure a safe, reliable and efficient network.
This level of funding led to improvements to
the network such as an overall reduction to the
System Average Interruption Duration Index
(SAIDI) on the distribution network, from an
actual performance figure of 225 minutes in
2008/2009 to 217 minutes in 2009/2010. The
overall 2009/2010 benchmark target was 230
minutes.
|66|
TRANSMISSION EMERGING ISSUES

AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
The SWIS transmission network covers the area from Geraldton in the north
to Albany in the south and from Kalgoorlie in the east to the west coast. For
planning purposes the SWIS has been divided into five regions: Country North,
Country East, Country South, Country Goldfields and Metro. Further the Metro
region has been sub-divided into four sectors, Metro North, Metro South, Metro
East and Metro CBD. These regions and sectors are shown in Figure 71.
This chapter describes the current transmission
network supply arrangements and emerging
transmission issues over the next 10 years that
affect network performance and capacity in
the SWIS. Potential strategies to address these
emerging issues are discussed.
7.1
BULK SYSTEM ISSUES SYSTEM WIDE
Historically generation plant in the SWIS is

located in the south due to favourable coal
resources. There is comparatively little base
load generation elsewhere so the majority of
power supply is transferred from the south
to the major load centres. A strong 330kV
transmission system provides a backbone for
the bulk transfer of electricity to strategic points
in the network, including supply to areas north
of the Metro region.
In order to improve the overall reliability of the
network the 330kV transmission system has
been developed in parallel with the underlying
132kV system. This 132kV network also extends
from the south, through the Metro region to the
north of the SWIS, creating a highly meshed
330kV and 132kV corridor. For many years

this meshed network provided a number of
operational and reliability benefits. However,
rapid load growth over the past five years has
placed significant stress on the underlying
132kV network. Given its meshed configuration,
coupled with rapid load growth (particularly in
the north), the 132kV system is now providing
considerable supply to northern areas and is
operating at near maximum capability under
high demand conditions. This occurs at the
same time as the 330kV system supplying
the north operates with considerable spare
capacity. Similar issues are also emerging in the
south, where the 132kV network is effectively
constraining the 330kV transmission system
transfer capability.
In addition to the limitations imposed on
330kV transfer capability, the meshed nature
of the existing network also increases fault
levels throughout the system. Over the years
new generation has pushed fault levels to
the capability of primary plant and protection
systems in a number of areas.
|67|
FIGURE 7-1: SWIS PLANNING REGIONS AND METRO REGION SECTORS
Kalbarri
Geraldton
Three Springs
Eneabba
Moora
Kalgoorlie
Southern Cross
Merredin
LEGEND
North
Northam
Country Towns
Metro
CBD
Country North
East
Country South
Pinjarra
Country East
Lake Grace
South
Country Goldfields
Bunbury
Wagin
Ravensthorpe
Busselton
Manjimup
METRO REGION SECTORS

Albany
SOUTH WEST INTERCONNECTED

SYSTEM (SWIS)
|68|
Western Power has identified benefits

associated with unparalleling the 330kV and
132kV transmission systems at strategic
points in the network. This would improve the
utilisation of the 330kV transmission network
for bulk power transfer, whilst offloading the
underlying 132kV network and reducing fault
levels. It is anticipated that unparalleling the
networks may impact reliability of supply and
operational flexibility to manage incidents,
resulting in a need for additional works to meet
mandated reliability obligations.
The SWIS is a highly-meshed inter-connected
330kV and 132kV network. This meshed
network creates the following issues:
parallel 132kV and 330kV networks reduce the
efficiency of 330kV network while pushing the
132kV network to its limit;
different 132kV paths raise fault levels at a
number of terminals, limiting new generation
which can be connected in the Metro region;
lack of generation support in the Metro region
may require substantial investment in reactive
support for the Metro region; and
ability to operate the network and to control
power flow is becoming more difficult.
The electricity market in Western Australia is
administered and operated by the IMO. The
WEM provides the trading environment for
generators, and generation developers make
investment decisions taking into account
forecast revenue available from the market
arrangements. Generators may also be required
to contribute to funding the cost of providing
unconstrained access. More information on
the connection process can be found in the
generation access queuing policy on the
Western Power website. As Western Power
does not direct the location for new generation,
it must make prudent assumptions when
modelling long-term generation scenarios in its
network planning process. Location dependent
generation scenarios are developed to forecast
future fault levels and to gain an understanding
on where constraints and issues may emerge.
Fault levels on the SWIS network will increase as
new generation sources are connected to cater
for system load growth.
The connection of new generation units will
usually require the reinforcing of the transmission
network via additional power transformers,
transmission lines and/or reactive support.
These reinforcements are necessary to ensure

that generators operate unconstrained and
that the power system has the ability to meet
the performance requirements outlined in the
Technical Rules.
The forecast fault levels are compared against
the rating of the existing transmission elements
installed on the SWIS. This is to ensure that all
plant is adequately rated and can be operated
safely under fault conditions.
Ensuring that plant is adequately rated is
both a matter of safety and prudent asset
management. Under-rated plant can be
damaged by the excessive fault currents caused
by fault conditions and can cause damage to
other plant and personnel in the immediate
vicinity if not adequately addressed.
One of the major issues currently facing the
network is the high fault levels seen across the
132kV metropolitan network, particularly at
the major terminal stations. Currently, all major
terminal stations have fault levels which reflect
maximum equipment ratings.
Under current practice, new equipment is rated
to 40kA or 50kA when installed at metropolitan
zone substations and terminals respectively.
However, there are a number of existing
substations with lower fault rated switchgear
which might require upgrade if fault levels
continue to rise.
The electricity network within the metropolitan
area is characterised by high loads and a
highly meshed configuration. Both of these
characteristics give rise to high fault levels due
to increased fault current contributions from
multiple sources during fault conditions.
Any generation connected to the 132kV network
in the metropolitan area will likely trigger
fault level issues. The fault limit constrains
the connection of new generation in the
metropolitan area to the 330kV network.
The high fault levels at terminal sites can be
attributed partly to the highly meshed nature
of the 132kV transmission network in the
metropolitan area. Fault level issues could
theoretically be mitigated if an unmeshed or
partially unmeshed 132kV network could be
realised, although this would be at the expense
of reliability if no additional capacity is delivered
to address the reliability issues.
|69|
7.1.1
SOUTH WEST BULK STRATEGY
Western Power has identified the need for a

series of facility upgrades to increase the power
transmission capability from the south west of
the state to the metropolitan area. This work
includes new 330kV transmission lines, new
switchyards and voltage support equipment.
The driver for this project was the connection
of generation in the south west of the SWIS.
The project has not progressed to regulatory
approval stage due to uncertainty regarding the
timeframe for developing new generation in the
area. Alternative generation developments in
the Perth Metro area, have deferred the need for
this network reinforcement. Western Power is
continuing to review the need for this project in
light of these revised plans in consultation with
key government and industry stakeholders.
7.1.2 FUTURE BULK SYSTEM STRATEGIES
Western Power has developed a strategy to
address the bulk transmission system issues
by reducing the connectivity at 132kV level and
unleashing the under-utilised capacity of the
330kV network at the same time.
A number of options are currently being
considered. They include:
reconfigure the 132kV transmission network;
to reduce fault levels across the system; and
to improve bulk power transmission flows on
the 330kV network;
promote connection of new generation to
manage future 132kV fault levels; and
establish load centres associated with terminal
substation sites to significantly offload the
132kV system.
7.2
METRO REGION
This network comprises all substations north

and south of the river, from Yanchep in the north
to Mandurah to the south and Darlington to the
east. This area can be further divided into Metro
North (including Guildford and Neerabup), Metro
CBD, Metro South and Metro East. They are
grouped together due to their highly connected
nature.
Approximately 75% of the total load in the

SWIS is in the Metro Region which is currently
supplied from the following generation sources:
132kV at Pinjar and further North;
132kV at Kwinana;
220kV at Collgar (2011); and
330kV at Neerabup, Kwinana and through
330kV and 132kV transmission lines from
further south Muja/Collie region.
Over recent years, load in the metropolitan
areas has been growing at a rate of
approximately 4% and is expected to continue
at the similar trend. Increasing load will cause a
transmission system capacity shortage and also
require more generation to be installed on the
system to meet demand.
Historically, power is transported over the
330kV and 132kV bulk transmission networks
from major power stations to a number of
smaller interconnected zone substations for
transformation to lower voltages.
In the last 20 years, the focus has been on
utilising the spare capacity on the 132kV
network with the 132kV system reinforcements
being favoured over 330kV solutions. With an
increasing number of zone substations being
cut into inter-connecting transmission lines to
reduce the substation establishment costs,
the metropolitan 132kV network has become
substantially meshed, and three major issues
are starting to emerge:
132kV and 330kV parallel networks As
the 132kV network becomes more interconnected, the utilisation of the 330kV
network is reduced, exacerbating the existing
issues at 132kV level.
Fault levels Fault levels in the Metro
Region network are now approaching 40kA,
exceeding this level at some places. A number
of projects had been initiated to mitigate this
issue.
Controllability of power flow in the 132kV
transmission network It is becoming more
difficult to control or direct power flow in some
parts of the network. This issue will become
more frequent and more complex as more
inter-connections are established.
|70|
Currently, there are some external factors which

might present themselves as opportunities to
reconfigure the 132kV Metro Region network:
A request from LandCorp to relocate South
Fremantle switchyard.
A request from East Perth Redevelopment
Authority to relocate East Perth 66kV
switchyard.
A request from Main Roads Department to
re-align some sections of the 132kV lines
between Southern Terminal and South
Fremantle.
Numerous major industrial and commercial
developments, such as Latitude 32, in
Kwinana will require significant reinforcement
in the areas.
7.2.1 METRO CBD
The Metro CBD currently relies on the
transmission network to transfer power from
remote generation to its load. As there is no
330kV injection into the area, it must rely solely
on the 132kV transmission network for its power
supply.
The main sources of supply to the Metro
CBD substations are East Perth Terminal and
Western Terminal. These terminals supply
zone substations located in the CBD, East
Perth, West Perth, North Perth and the western
suburbs. Figure 72 shows how the East Perth
and Western Terminal sites are presently
supplied via lines from Northern Terminal,
Southern Terminal, South Fremantle Terminal
and the Cannington Terminal networks.
Six 132kV transmission lines connect the CBD
and Western Terminal to the northern and
southern networks. The total capacity of these
lines is more than twice the combined loads of
CBD and Western Terminal. However, due to
its meshed nature, most of the supply into CBD
and Western Terminal comes from the southern
part of the system. The northern network
provides minimal supply support for the CBD.
In addition to supplying the load demand in the
CBD and the western suburbs the transmission
lines from Southern Terminal and Kwinana also
supply some load in the northern suburbs.
The CBD is experiencing rapid growth driven

by large developments such as the Riverfront
project and North Bridge Link. In order to
meet supply requirements it is anticipated that
network reconfiguration with future additional
substations will be required in the CBD area
over the next 10 years.
Most of the substations in the western suburbs
were built during the 1950s and 1960s and
are operating at 66kV. These substations are
forecast to reach their capacity within the
next 10 years, beyond this time, additional
capacity will be required. Cook St and North
Perth substations were converted from 66kV to
132kV during the early 2000s. The remaining
66kV network presents an opportunity for
voltage conversion to a 132kV network, which
will support future development of the western
suburbs and maintain options for future supply
requirements for the CBD.
Emerging issues on the transmission supply to
the Metro CBD and the surrounding suburbs in
the next 5-10 years are:
thermal constraints on transmission lines
supplying East Perth Terminal and Western
Terminal;
increasing fault levels throughout the
transmission network; and
ageing and capacity constrained assets at
Western Terminal.
A potential strategy is to reduce the network
flow from Southern Terminal to Northern
Terminal through the 132kV network and contain
fault levels through reconfiguration of the 132kV
network.
Figure 72 illustrates the existing supply to the
Metro CBD.
Figure 73 illustrates a potential option which
involves the rearrangement of key 132kV circuits
to resolve the issues discussed above.
|71|
FIGURE 7-2: EXISTING SUPPLY TO METRO CBD
Northern
Terminal
CBD
Western
Terminal
Guildford
Terminal
LEGEND
East Perth Terminal
330 / 132kV Power Transformer

330kV Infrastructure
South
Fremantle
Terminal
Notional Power Flows
Cannington
Terminal
Kwinana
Terminal
Southern
Terminal
FIGURE 7-3: POTENTIAL REARRANGEMENT OF POWER FLOWS SUPPLYING METRO CBD
Northern
Terminal
CBD
Western
Terminal
Guildford
Terminal
LEGEND
East Perth Terminal

South Fremantle
Terminal

Cannington
Terminal
Kwinana
Terminal
Open Point
Southern
Terminal
|72|
7.2.2 METRO NORTH

Metro North network covers areas serviced
by Northern Terminal, Guildford Terminal and
Neerabup Terminal. Guildford and Neerabup
Terminals have been developed to ease the
congestion at Northern Terminal and are
discussed collectively below.
7.2.2.1 NORTHERN, GUILDFORD AND
NEERABUP TERMINALS
The initial intention was for Northern Terminal to
receive power from Southern Terminal and the
Muja/Collie region over the 330kV network to
supply northern substations. This northern part
of the system will continue to experience high
urban growth. It has been difficult to obtain sites
for substations and associated line easements
resulting in a highly meshed network.
To improve 132kV load sharing, terminals at
Guildford and Neerabup were established to
facilitate splitting this northern network into
three separate sub-networks. This splitting
process is still in progress, and issues such
as high fault levels and congestion of lines
at Northern Terminal will remain until the
reconfiguration is complete. This reconfiguration
will maintain existing levels of reliability and
security. The present configuration constrains
the operation of existing generation at
Neerabup.
Negotiations with Department of Planning,
Main Roads Department and local councils are
continuing regarding the proposed 132kV line
routes from Neerabup Terminal to the existing
Wanneroo, future Wangara and potential
future Hocking substations. The double-circuit
132kV line will enable a number of substations
currently supplied by Northern Terminal to
connect to Neerabup Terminal. This negotiation
also includes the 330kV line route on the
proposed new Tonkin Highway from Bayswater
to Neerabup.
Other future 132kV line routes are from
Neerabup Terminal to newly developed northern
suburbs such as Two Rocks, Yanchep and
Alkimos.
Potential strategies for Metro North for the next

10 years include:
separate Northern / Neerabup / Guildford
Terminals into three strategic 132kV load
centres to release capacity and to contain
fault levels;
install additional transformer capacity at
Neerabup and Guildford;
reduce the network flow from Southern
Terminal to Northern Terminal through the
132kV and divert power onto the 330kV
network; and
enable Northern Terminal to supply more
power to the CBD and East Perth.
7.2.3 METRO SOUTH
Metro South network covers areas serviced
by Southern Terminal, South Fremantle and
Kwinana. Geographically, these include all areas
south of the Swan River down to Mandurah and
east to Armadale.
Power generated in Collie and Muja, which
is located within the Country South region, is
transported to Southern Terminal and Kwinana
through three 330kV transmission lines and a
number of long 132kV connections. Parts of
the 132kV circuits connecting the Muja/Collie
region to the metropolitan network are built on
upgraded 66kV assets which were constructed
in the 1950s and 1960s. These 132kV
transmission lines connect Muja to the Metro
South network through three paths:
Cannington via Pinjarra;
Kwinana via Bunbury and Pinjarra; and
Southern Terminal with connection to Pinjarra.
Emerging limitations associated with the
terminal stations in Metro South are presented
below. Future strategies are discussed
collectively following these sections.
7.2.3.1 SOUTHERN TERMINAL
From Southern Terminal, there are extensive
132kV connections to the rest of the
metropolitan network including, Kwinana and
Fremantle to the west, the CBD plus the western
and northern suburbs. These connections are
either direct or indirect via South Fremantle and
Cannington Terminals.
|73|
This heavily meshed 132kV network creates two

parallel 132kV and 330kV networks between
Northern and Southern Terminals, with power
flowing mainly on the 132kV network. As load in
the CBD and northern suburbs grows, capacity
of 132kV transmission lines is exhausted while
330kV bulk network is under-utilised.
The 132kV meshed network also gives rise
to the high fault levels seen at Kwinana and
Southern Terminal. This limits the ability to
connect new generation at Kwinana. For further
information please see Appendix C.
7.2.3.2 KWINANA TERMINAL
Due to recently completed projects that include,
a suburban railway to Mandurah and a highway
connecting the metropolitan area to Bunbury,
the southern 132kV network is forecast to
experience accelerated load growth. This
growth will require major reinforcement both in
terms of additional transformer capacity and
transmission line capacity to service the extra
load within the 10 year outlook. Please see
section 8.1.3.6 for further information.
The area, south of Kwinana, between
Rockingham and Mandurah is forecast to
experience rapid urban development, similar
to that seen in the northern suburbs during
the 1980s and 1990s. Western Powers
development plans will be refreshed to cater for
the resulting forecast load growth.
The Rockingham to Mandurah load area is
currently supplied through one single 132kV
transmission line connecting Pinjarra and
Kwinana. This line also transports power
from Muja to the metropolitan network, which
consumes the line capacity intended for the
local supply area.
7.2.3.3 SOUTH FREMANTLE TERMINAL
South Fremantle is a well-developed area that

has a steady load growth, mainly due to pockets
of small developments and redevelopment of
existing residential properties. The 132/66kV
transformers and the 66kV lines supplied by
South Fremantle Terminal are forecast to reach
their capacities in the next 5 to 10 years. Adding
new infrastructure into a well established area is
traditionally more difficult in terms of community
acceptance, land acquisition and line easement.
Another issue associated with this area is the
ageing 66kV infrastructure which may require
future upgrading. This presents an opportunity
to convert the existing 66kV network to a 132kV
network of higher capacity.
7.2.3.4 CANNINGTON TERMINAL
Cannington Terminal supplies a combination of
132kV and ageing 66kV substations. The area
receives supply mainly from Southern Terminal
and through the single 330kV injection at
Kenwick Link.
Within the Cannington area, it is forecast that
the 132kV network is sufficient to cater for local
load growth over the next 10 years. The load
within the 66kV network is not expected to grow
to a level that will exceed the network capability
as new load is normally connected to the 132kV
network.
The power supplies from Kwinana and Southern

Terminal into the CBD are through South
Fremantle Terminal. A 132kV transmission line
crosses the river from South Fremantle Terminal
to Western Terminal. As Western Terminal is also
connected to Northern Terminal, this connection
reduces the optimal utilisation of 330kV
network into the northern part of the SWIS. It
also contributes to the higher fault levels in the
southern part of the network.
|74|
However, load growth between Cannington and

Southern Terminals has resulted in a number
of substations being built and connected into
132kV network which links these terminals.
These substations utilise the line capacity
initially designed to supply Cannington Terminal.
The effect of parallel 132kV and 330kV networks
is also experienced in this network. The 132kV
connection from Belmont substation to the
CBD and the northern network is used to wheel
power from the south into the north, exhausting
the 132kV line capacity within the Cannington
area.
Potential strategies for Metro South over the
next 10 years include:
establish Southern Terminal as a strong 132kV
supply point to the CBD and as an effective
conduit for bulk 330kV supply to other
terminals;
develop a new inland southern supply point to
decouple and off load the 132kV network of
Southern Terminal;
reduce power flow between Kwinana and
South Fremantle with Kwinana Terminal
being established as supply point for zone
substations in the area including some
substations currently being supplied from
Southern Terminal;
reinforce the supply to southern part of the
Kwinana network to supply areas between
Rockingham to Mandurah;
disconnect the link between Kwinana and
South Country to reduce the power flow from
Bunbury area;
establish South Fremantle as supply point
for zone substations in the area including
some substations currently being serviced by
Southern Terminal;
reinforce the network to cater for the ageing
part of the South Fremantle network which
may involve conversion of 66kV to 132kV
infrastructure or using larger transformers;
7.2.4 METRO EAST

This network covers the area from Midland
to Kalamunda in the Darling Range, and
to Forrestfield, east of the Perth Airport.
Substations in this area are connected to both
Northern and Cannington Terminals. Due to
rising fault levels experienced by both of these
terminals, Guildford Terminal was established
to enable the separation of Cannington Terminal
from Northern Terminal.
Currently, Guildford Terminal still relies on
132kV connections to Northern Terminal for
operational flexibility and reliability. However,
these connections reduce the utilisation of the
330kV network between Northern Terminal and
the rest of the southern 330kV network.
Other issues associated with Guildford Terminal
include:
a long 132kV connection from Wells Terminal
in Muja area which has a major impact on the
utilisation of the 330kV network to transport
power; and
industrial connection near Perth Airport and
residential developments between Midland
and Forrestfield in the next 5 to 10 years will
drive major reinforcement within this network.
Potential strategies for this area over the next 10
years include:
installation of an additional 330/132kV
transformer at Guildford Terminal;
reconfiguration of the 132kV network to
enable the isolation of Guildford Terminal from
Northern Terminal and relieve fault levels in the
Northern Terminal load area; and
reducing the network flow from Country South
to Metro North through the Metro East 132kV
network.
Figure 74 illustrates the existing supply to
Metro East.
Figure 75 illustrates a potential option involving
the isolation of Guildford and Northern
Terminals.
reduce the network flow from the Muja area by

opening the connection between Cannington
Terminal and Pinjarra; and
open the connection from Cannington
Terminal to East Perth and Northern Terminal.
|75|
FIGURE 7-4: EXISTING SUPPLY TO METRO EAST
Northern
Terminal
Guildford
Terminal
LEGEND

East Perth
Belmont
Cannington
Terminal
Kenwick
Link
To Wells
Terminal
FIGURE 7-5: POTENTIAL REARRANGEMENT OF FUTURE POWER FLOWS SUPPLYING METRO EAST
Northern
Terminal
Guildford
Terminal
LEGEND

East Perth
Open Point
Belmont
Cannington
Terminal
Kenwick
Link
To Wells
Terminal
|76|
FIGURE 7-6: EXISTING NETWORK LAYOUT SHOWING AREA WHERE CAPACITY IS CONSTRAINED
Geraldton
Mungarra
Walkaway
Golden Grove
Karara Mine Site
Three Springs
Eneabba
LEGEND
330kV Substation
Emu Downs
132kV Substation
132kV Power Station
Moora
132kV Double Circuit
Cataby
Regans
Ca
Muchea
Pinjar
pa
c it
yC
on
str
ain
e
dA
rea
Neerabup
7.3 COUNTRY NORTH

7.3.1 COUNTRY NORTH EXISTING SUPPLY
CAPACITY AND CONSTRAINTS
The network in the Country North Region is a
long 132kV network extending 400 km from the
northern outskirts of Perth to north of Geraldton.
The main load centre of the region is Geraldton.
The length of the transmission lines in this
network and the purposes for which it was
initially designed mean that it is electrically weak
and has limited capacity to supply additional
load. The network characteristics and their
relationship with the rest of the interconnected
system mean that capacity to connect
generators to this network is also limited.
The existing system is presently operating close
to its capacity and the underlying load growth
will result in a voltage stability constraint in the
Geraldton area in 2011/12.
A protection upgrade is proposed between

Mungarra and Geraldton to relieve this
constraint. As of 2015/16 the underlying
load growth, which does not include the
connection of new block loads, will result in the
transmission lines having reached their thermal
capacity. The capacity constraint affects all
substations located north of Eneabba and
Muchea (refer to Figure 76).
A number of major resource project proposals,
at differing stages of development, exist within
the region. Each of these proposals will involve
substantial power supply requirements which
would bring forward the need to reinforce
the existing network. The loads associated
with these resource projects are an order of
magnitude higher than the existing regional
demand and will have a fundamental impact on
the network requirements for the region.
|77|
There has been a recent upsurge in mining

activity with three iron ore projects now
exporting ore through Geraldton and many more
being planned. These have the potential to make
the region a major participant in the overall state
mining sector.
Furthermore, the Country North region is
recognised as being a prospective major
contributor to renewable generation in Western
Australia with numerous plans for windfarms
in the region. At present there are constraints
within the network (as well as within the broader
electricity system) that limit the ability of new
windfarms to connect in this region.
As load continues to grow in the future, additional
thermal constraints on the transmission lines
connecting Geraldton, as well as further voltage
stability issues, will arise. The nature and timing
of the future constraints will be affected by the
solutions adopted for the immediate constraints.
Understanding these constraints is relevant in
option assessment and selection.
In support of the resource project proposals a
new deep water port at Oakajee (25 km north
of Geraldton) has been proposed. Should the
port development proceed, it will require an
initial electrical supply to commence operations
in 2014. The port has been located to facilitate
the development of a heavy industrial area in its
vicinity.
The developers envisage that the industrial

area will act initially as a service centre for
new mining developments, but will also offer
opportunities for minerals processing and even
manufacturing industry. Therefore there is
potential for future additional load requirements
that are yet to be quantified.
7.3.2 COUNTRY NORTH REGION PEAK LOAD
FORECAST
The components of the various scenarios and
the resulting region peak load forecasts for 2020
are given in Table 71 and the corresponding
region peak load forecast graph for Country
North region is shown in Figure 77.
The region peak forecast in Figure 77 indicates
that there is an impending problem whereby
electricity demand will far exceed supply
capacity within the next few years for the central
and high scenario load forecasts. Of particular
note is the order of magnitude increase over
the existing network capacity that is required to
service the new loads in the region.
For the low scenario load forecast, demand still
exceeds supply capacity, but to a much lesser
degree and at a later date.
The central scenario load forecast indicates
additional new loads totalling around 180MW
(diversified) over the 10 year period from 20102020, with most load growth occurring within
the next few years and primarily related to the
development of Stage 1 of the Karara Mine.
TABLE 71: 2020 DEMAND SCENARIOS
DEMAND COMPONENTS
2020 DEMAND SCENARIO (MW)

LOW
CENTRAL
HIGH
2010 region peak load
115
115
115
Natural growth (organic)
36
42
51
Small block loads including

Port of Oakajee and Oakajee
Industrial Estate
27
38
113
Karara Stage 1
102
(up to 120)
102
(up to 120)
Karara Stage 2
152
Extension Hill
119
Non-diversified region peak
205
333
701
Diversified region peak
178
297
652
Block loads
|78|
FIGURE 7-7: COUNTRY NORTH (MID WEST) LOAD FORECAST (EX ENEABBA / MUCHEA)
750
700
650
600
550
500
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
50
2006
PEAK LOAD (MW)
450
YEAR
EXISTING CAPACITY
CENTRAL FORECAST
HISTORICAL ACTUALS
LOW FORECAST
HIGH FORECAST
The high scenario load forecast incorporates a

further 350MW (diversified) of prospective load
related to major project developments that have
a reasonable probability of being realised. There
is potential for additional load growth beyond
the high scenario.
The first major load proposal is Karara Mining
Limiteds new mine at Karara. This project will
have an interim supply arrangement proposed
for the second half of 2011 (initial demand up
to 95MW, provided on a non-firm basis by the
existing 132kV network). This interim supply
is highly contingent on satisfactory network
conditions and will require load shedding
by Karara for numerous network events. By
March 2013 the full load of up to 120MW for
Stage 1 of Karara will be required.
The other step increase in demand under
the central load forecast scenario relates to
the Oakajee Port. The high forecast scenario
includes the second stage development of
the Karara project, Extension Hill Pty Ltds
proposed magnetite mine and other mining/
industrial developments in Country North
region.
Preliminary technical and economic studies

to identify and rank options to resolve the
voltage and thermal constraints outlined
above have been completed. While a preferred
network augmentation has been identified,
it does not require substantial expenditure
until around 2015/16 under the low demand
scenario. It is expected that the issue could
initially be managed through the use of demand
management and local generation (as NCS).
Accelerated development is required under the
central and high scenarios.
Network augmentation would be the only
alternative available to offer network connection
to either:
substantial new load developments above the
natural (organic) load growth forecast; or
large market generators (i.e. large generator
developments intending to earn income from
the reserve capacity and energy markets).
|79|
Although generators providing NCS could be

accommodated (subject to system studies),
these generators would be dispatched only
as required to support the local area load.
Generators may not be able to participate in the
WEM and earn reserve capacity payments.
Of the viable solutions, the 330kV double

circuit transmission line was determined to be
the solution that maximises net benefit across
a range of forecast scenarios, as defined in
the Regulatory Test, and therefore this is the
recommended option.
The forecast new block loads contained within

the central and high scenario load forecasts for
this region require substantially greater network
capacity than the underlying load growth. This
need has therefore required the consideration of
other, much higher capacity alternatives.
All options have been assessed as similar in

terms of load delivery (i.e. meet forecast need).
The 330kV double circuit option was selected
as the Net Present Cost was comparable with
the other options, but includes greater flexibility,
greater non-economic benefit and can be
expanded at least cost to deliver capability
required to meet the high load forecast.
7.3.3 COUNTRY NORTH (MID WEST) OPTIONS

Western Power identified and evaluated a
number of options to increase the power
transmission capacity in the Mid West region
required to meet:
the increased electricity demand of the region
peak forecast; and
the forecast increase in electricity generation
capacity in the region.
The options assessed include network
reinforcement, local generation and DSM
solutions.
The network reinforcement options considered
include the construction of 132kV, 220kV, 275kV
double circuits and 330kV single and double
circuits, as well as a number of alternative
approaches, such as the use of reactive
compensation and High Voltage Direct Current
(HVDC) transmission.
The non-network alternatives include local
isolated generation and local interconnected
generation operated as a NCS, as well as DSM
programs.
Only the 220kV double circuit, 275kV double
circuit, 330kV single circuit and 330kV double
circuit transmission line options were found to
be viable. These four network options present
viable means of supplying the central scenario
region peak load forecast and are being
expanded to meet the high scenario region
peak load forecast. To be considered as viable
alternative options they have to be capable of
supplying the region peak load forecast both
in terms of meeting the forecast quantum of
demand and its forecast timing.
During October 2010, Western Power completed

a Regulatory Test consultation for the proposed
Mid West Energy Project (MWEP) (southern
section) and lodge a regulatory test submission
with the ERA for approval. Further updates
and details can be obtained from the following
Western Power website;
http://www.westernpower.com.au/
networkprojects/substationPowerlineProjects/
Mid_West_Energy_Project.html
7.3.4 COUNTRY NORTH RECOMMENDED
OPTION
The recommended option entails establishing a
new 330kV double circuit transmission line from
Neerabup Terminal to Karara8. The transmission
line from Eneabba to Koonlanooka (Golden
Grove tee off point) will be constructed along
the route of an existing 132kV transmission
line, which will need to be decommissioned
after the new line is energised at its final
operating voltage. The new transmission line
will initially operate with one circuit at 330kV
and the other at 132kV (effectively replacing
the decommissioned 132kV line) until such time
as there is sufficient electricity demand or new
generator connections to warrant the conversion
of the second circuit to 330kV as shown in
Figure 78.
The new 330kV transmission line will connect
to Neerabup Terminal at its southern end. The
section of line from Eneabba to Karara will
be constructed and owned by Karara Mining
Limited (KML) and will be operated by Western
Power under a lease arrangement. The leased
transmission line will be treated the same as
other parts of the SWIS for future connection
and access by third parties.
8 Neerabup to Koonlanooka (Golden Grove tee off) 330kV

double circuit and Koonlanooka to Karara 330kV single circuit.
|80|
FIGURE 7-8: MID WEST ENERGY PROJECT (MWEP) PROPOSALS

Geraldton
Moonyoonooka (future)
Mungarra
Walkaway
Golden Grove
Karara Mine Site
Three Springs
(Future)
Eneabba
LEGEND
New Infrastructure
330kV Line Stage 1
Emu Downs
330kV Line Stage 2 (future)

330kV Terminal Station / Substation
Moora
Cataby
Existing Infrastructure
132kV Line
Regans
to be
replaced
132kV Power Station

132kV Double Circuit
Muchea
Pinjar
Neerabup
Perth
Metropolitan Area
A 330kV/132kV transformer will be installed

at Three Springs to interconnect the existing
132kV network with the new 330kV transmission
line. This transformer interconnection will
be initially constructed by Karara to provide
start-up supply to its mine, but once the 330kV
transmission line from Neerabup is connected,
it will be reconfigured to provide increased
capacity to Geraldton to meet the underlying
load growth needs of the area.
The anticipated timing for the completion of the
MWEP (southern section) is March 2013.
7.3.5 SUPPLY RELIABILITY IN GERALDTON
AFTER MWEP (SOUTHERN SECTION)
ENHANCEMENT
The addition of a 330kV line to Three Springs
Terminal, together with a 330 / 132kV
transformer, will support the underlying load
growth in the Geraldton area for some years.
Using a PoE10 forecasting criteria coupled

with the historical peak summer load readings
and the current understanding of timing for
the MWEP, the addition of block loads in the
Geraldton area could result in post contingent
voltage instability and line thermal loading
issues by 2014.
This will require some level of reinforcement
or the use of NCS until such time as suitable
reinforcement can be constructed in the
area. This reinforcement will be driven by the
commitment of multiple block loads. Western
Power has also applied to Infrastructure
Australia for funding and a recent report,
Getting the fundamentals right for Australias
infrastructure priorities has identified the Mid
West as an area of key significance.
|81|
Western Power continues to engage with key

stakeholders and Infrastructure Australia with
regard to funding for the MWEP (northern
section). This project would involve constructing
a new double circuit 330kV transmission line
to extend the MWEP (southern section) to
Geraldton. Western Power has commenced
planning studies to identify the best solution
to address emerging limitations in supplying
Geraldton. This work will be progressed in
consultation with key stakeholders over the next
12 months.
Essentially, until the network is reinforced
to Geraldton, new block loads connecting
to the network will be required to fund any
required NCS and may help provide those
services by providing interruptible loads or
a localised generation solution. Western
Power will also investigate securing NCS from
existing customers in the Geraldton region. It
is envisaged that NCS will be enabled during
the high risk periods (e.g. region peak demand
during summer). Even then, the NCS will only
be enacted pre-contingent to maintain system
security in events such as a fault on a 132kV
line to Geraldton. Western Power is currently
engaging with potential major block loads to
investigate options and ensure an acceptable
solution can be reached. This NCS would
only be utilised under a NCS contract, and
there would be substantial notice given to
the customer prior to Western Power using
it. A similar approach is being adopted in the
Country Goldfields region.
7.4 COUNTRY SOUTH
Within the Country South planning region there
are two transmission study areas. These are:
South West; and
Great Southern.
These areas are being considered separately as
they have issues requiring different solutions.
The issues that impact each of these study
areas and the potential future strategies to
resolve them are discussed in the following
sections.
7.4.1 SOUTH WEST STUDY AREA

The South West Study Area covers the South
West coastal region that stretches from
Pinjarra in the north to Augusta in the south.
Major industries for the study area are tourism,
mining and agriculture. The growth in the study
areas major centres of Bunbury, Busselton
and Pinjarra, has been underpinned by
tourism, coastal lifestyle seekers, an increased
penetration of air conditioning, industrial and
mining developments.
Transmission infrastructure that presently
supplies this study area was built in the
following time periods:
66kV and 132kV network between 1960s and
early 1970s;
132kV network expansion between 1980s and
1990s; and
330kV Kemerton Terminal in 1991.
The above indicates that there are assets first
constructed in the 1960s and early 1970s
that now require additional maintenance
or replacement of the most deteriorated
components to maintain adequate reliability of
supply. This may be integrated with capacity
expansion plans.
In 1999 Bunbury Power Station was
decommissioned. After retirement of this power
station the South West Study Area was supplied
from the existing:
Kemerton Terminal; and
132kV lines connecting the Muja Terminal to
the Bunbury area.
Figure 79 shows the simplified transmission
network for the South West Study Area. Recent
system studies have identified substantial
power flows through the existing 132kV meshed
South West Study Area network creating
risk of thermal overloads under contingency
conditions. There is transfer of power from
Muja to Perth via the South West Study Area
132kV network. Some of the 132kV transmission
lines are reaching their thermal capacity limits,
however, there is spare capacity on the 330kV
bulk network from Muja to Kemerton Terminal,
and from Muja to the Metro region. The section
below describes the future solutions for this
study area, which may provide an opportunity
for integration with asset replacement plans.
|82|
yA
rea
FIGURE 7-9: COUNTRY SOUTH REGION WITH TWO TRANSMISSION STUDY AREAS
tud
Pinjarra
We
st S
Kemerton
LEGEND
So
uth
Existing 330kV Infrastructure
Marriot Road

Existing 330kV Line
Existing 132kV Line
Existing 66kV Line
Study Area Boundary
Worsley
Bunbury Harbour
Picton
Transmission Line Tee
Kojonup
the
Gre
Margaret River
at S
ou
Busselton
rn
Stu
dy
Are
Muja
Bridgetown
Beenup
Manjimup
Albany
|83|
Margaret River is a winter peaking substation

and is supplied by a single 66kV old
transmission line. The present central scenario
load forecast for winter, suggests that there
will be emerging limitations to meeting supply
requirements in the area within a 10 year
timeframe. These limitations include:
low voltages at Margaret River and Busselton
substations under certain conditions during
peak times; and
transmission capacity from Busselton to
Margaret River Substation.
Proposed upgrades to the areas main roads
and other infrastructure developments are
expected to encourage high residential and
commercial growth. A number of residential
and industrial developments are already
proposed for the area over the next few years,
with major industrial developments expected
in and around Bunbury and Kemerton. A large
water desalination plant in Binningup is under
construction with expected commissioning
in November 2010. It will be supplied at
132kV from Kemerton Terminal. There is also
considerable interest for the connection of other
block loads in the area that may contribute to
the high growth rates.
In addition to these emerging limitations there
are also anticipated shortfalls in substation firm
capacity in certain locations in the South West
Study Area (as described in Chapter 8).
Western Power is closely monitoring load
growth and will be managing the emerging
issues associated with maintaining a reliable
supply, mitigating arising risk and complying
with requirements of the Technical Rules.
Western Power is refreshing the long-term
strategy for the South West Study Area that
will include reinforcement solutions to address
ageing asset issues, as well as possible
reconfiguration of the 132kV network to
accommodate future load.
Post-contingent power flows on certain 132kV
lines into the South West Study Area are in
excess of thermal capacity. Options to address
these limitations include reconfiguration of the
existing 132kV system to fulfil a future new role
of efficiently supplying the South West Study
Area from the nearby Kemerton Terminal.
7.4.2 GREAT SOUTHERN STUDY AREA

SUPPLY TO ALBANY
The Great Southern Study Area stretches from
Muja Power Station to Manjimup, Beenup in
the south-west to Narrogin in the east, and
from Boddington in the north to Albany in the
south. This study area supplies predominantly
agricultural loads, with some mining, milling and
light industrial loads.
The 132kV transmission infrastructure that
presently supplies this study area was mainly
constructed in the 1960s and the 1970s. The
existing supply to Albany is running out of
capacity during peak loads. Presently the most
capacity constraining 132kV lines are:
Muja to Kojonup an 88 km long line
constructed in 1965 and with thermal summer
rating of 77MVA; and
Kojonup to Albany a 157 km long line
constructed in 1972 and with thermal summer
rating of 45MVA.
Thermal summer ratings of these two lines are
already constraining firm capacity to the Albany
and Mount Barker area. Ratings are also creating
risk of load shedding for N-1 line contingency
conditions at summer peak load demand and
low power output from the Albany Windfarm.
An N-1 line contingency condition at winter
peak load demand also creates a risk of undervoltage load shedding at low power output from
the Albany Windfarm.
Albany, the main population centre in this study
area, has had the most significant underlying
load growth and is expected to continue to grow.
As load continues to increase the shortfall in firm
capacity at Albany substation will emerge.
7.4.2.1 GREAT SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
ALBANY FUTURE GROWTH INCLUDING
NEW PROSPECTIVE BLOCK LOAD
The central load forecasts indicate that the
power demand continues to grow.
There is significant potential for block load
growth from a new iron ore development in
the study area. A large industrial development
by Grange Resources, with final load demand
ranging between 140MVA to 180MVA, may
connect in the region. It should be noted that
this development is included in the high load
forecast but excluded from the central forecast.
|84|
Supplying the Grange Resources development

from the SWIS would require significant new
transmission infrastructure, including a new
transmission line from Muja Terminal to the
mine. Western Power has secured a line route
so as to accommodate a new line which will
provide sufficient capacity.
The central load forecasts indicate that the
future risk of load shedding due to thermal or
low voltage limitations is increasing, requiring
reinforcement to mitigate shortfall in supply
capacity to the Mount Barker and Albany area.
The use of NCS including local generation or
demand management is a potential solution
to manage the capacity shortfall for peak load
periods in the short-term. Further information
has been provided in Section 2 regarding the
work Western Power is undertaking to develop
and implement NCS. Western Power is closely
monitoring load growth and managing the
short and medium-term issues associated
with maintaining supplies, mitigating risk and
complying with requirements of the Technical
Rules.
A future supply strategy for Mount Barker and
Albany is currently being refreshed. This could
result in either building more lines within the
Great Southern Study Area or rebuilding the
existing lines to a new construction that will meet
future needs over the lifespan of the new asset.
7.5
COUNTRY EAST
The Country East region extends from the

Darling Range Hills near Perth, to Southern
Cross along the Great Eastern Highway, and
onwards to Kondinin in the south. Country East
supplies predominantly agricultural loads, water
pumping, residential loads, light industrial loads
and some mining loads mainly in the Yilgarn or
Southern Cross area. The Country East area,
located east of Perth with most of the 66kV and
132kV assets constructed in the late 1960s or
the early 1970s, has very specific issues.
Over the last 40 years, strategy in the Country
East region was to maximise benefits from
the existing network. Therefore, to improve
reliability, the 66kV network between
Cannington and Northam was meshed
(paralleled) with the 132kV network.
7.5.1 COUNTRY EAST ISSUES
Recent results of system studies indicate that
there is a need to eliminate the emergence of
undesired power flows (or power wheeling)
through the 132kV and 66kV networks.
Additionally, there are issues with the ageing
assets, reliability of supplies, thermal overloads
and low voltage limits for N-1 line contingency.
Country East transmission networks are shown
in Figure 710.
FIGURE 7-10: COUNTRY EAST TRANSMISSION NETWORK

Country East
Study Area
Country Goldfields
Study Area
West Kalgoorlie
Southern Cross
Merredin
Yilgarn
Northam
Merredin
Terminal
LEGEND

Bounty

Kondinin
To Muja

Existing 220kV Line
Existing 132kV Line
Existing 66kV Line
Existing 33kV Line
Study Area Boundary
|85|
In addition the 132kV supply to Northam from

Guildford Terminal via Darlington transits
about 20MW through the Kalamunda Shire
sub-network that is already reaching thermal
capacity. The viability of supplying Northam
from this network is under review.
Country East is mainly supplied from three
points, which are Cannington 66kV network,
Metros Northern Terminal and Guildford
Terminal 132kV networks, and Merredins 132kV
networks. Study results show that such very
remote supply points may create an N-1 voltage
issues from about 2020.
Connection of a new Collgar Windfarm
power station south of Merredin will result
in high variability in the power flows in the
Country East and Country Goldfields 220kV
interconnection, depending on output from the
windfarm. At times of low electrical loads on
the power system, output from Collgar might be
constrained to prevent thermal overloads of line
in the Country East region.
The potential load on the Merredin Terminal to
Merredin 132kV transmission line has reached
and exceeded the 20MVA rated capacity
with recent connections of new mining loads.
However, the new contracts for connection of
the mining loads are interruptible and therefore
the existing radial 132kV line supplying Merredin
continues to be compliant under the Technical
Rules. The associated post-contingent thermal
overload and low voltage risks are managed by
appropriate protection schemes.
The main issue in Country East is the age of
the 66kV network and thermal capacity and
voltage limits. The recent Stage 1 conversion
of Sawyers Valley substation from 66kV to
132kV supply provides an interim solution to
these issues. This is the first step of a long-term
strategy that potentially could replace ageing
66kV infrastructure with 132kV infrastructure
between Cannington and Northam.
growth in the Country East region and will
continue managing the emerging issues
associated with maintaining supplies, mitigating
risk and complying with requirements of the
Technical Rules.
Western Power regularly reviews the long-term

plan for the Country East region to ensure
it reflects long-term integrated strategy by
addressing replacement of the ageing assets,
need for possible reconfiguration of the 132kV
network and meeting load growth in the area.
Reconfiguration of the 132kV network in the
Country East is a new strategy to prevent
undesired power flows through the 66kV and
132kV networks between major terminals.
7.6
COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS
The Country Goldfields region extends from

Coolgardie to Kalgoorlie along the Great Eastern
Highway, and from Black Flag in the north to
Kambalda in the south. The Goldfields Region
supplies predominantly mining loads, mainly
in the Kalgoorlie area. Most of the 132kV and
220kV assets in the Country Goldfields region,
including the 220kV interconnection from Muja
to Kalgoorlie, were commissioned in 1984.
Figure 711 illustrates the existing network in the
Country Goldfields region.
The 220kV Muja to Kalgoorlie interconnection
is a 650km radial transmission line. It is
equipped with reactive support from Static VAR
Compensators (SVCs) based on a configuration
of capacitors, saturated reactors and control
equipment located at Merredin and West
Kalgoorlie Terminals. The 220kV interconnection
was commissioned in 1984 and has had
progressive capacity increases to support up to
170MW transfer to West Kalgoorlie Terminal.
|86|
FIGURE 7-11: COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS REGION 132kV NETWORK

Black Flag
Country Goldfields
Study Area
Piccadilly
LEGEND
Parkeston
West Kalgoorlie
Boulder
Existing 220kV Line

Existing 132kV Line
Western Mining Smelter
Transmission Line Tee
Western Mining Kambalda
Jan Mine
Since 1995, after installation of five LM6000 gas

turbines in the Kalgoorlie area, transfer capacity
of the 220kV interconnection was reduced from
170MW to 130MW due to synchronous and
voltage instability issues. Therefore, since 1996
the interconnection operates with a Remedial
Action Scheme to prevent synchronous
instability and voltage collapse.
There is local generation located in the
Goldfields:
Two (a Frame 5 of 19MW and a Frame 6 of
36MW distillate fuelled) gas turbines at West
Kalgoorlie Terminal for contingency purposes;
Three LM6000 gas turbines of about 40MW
each at Parkston normally operating and
owned by Southern Cross Energy; and
Historically, load growth in the Country

Goldfields Region has varied coinciding with the
output demand from the mines. These mining
loads are largely dependent on international
commodity prices for the gold and nickel that is
mined in the region.
The central load forecast for the Country
Goldfields regional peak, as shown in Figure
712 below, includes connections of new already
contracted block loads. The central forecast
indicates that load growth, driven mainly by
the price of gold on the international market, is
expected to continue. The potential for mining
loads to change the growth rate suddenly may
necessitate rapid changes to the network, and
therefore requires close monitoring.
Two LM6000 gas turbines of about 40MW

each within the Western Mining system
normally operating and owned by Southern
Cross Energy.
|87|
FIGURE 7-12: PEAK LOAD DEMAND CENTRAL FORECAST FOR COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS REGION
150
140
120
110
100
90
80
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
70
1998
PEAK LOAD (MW)
130
YEAR
EXISTING CAPACITY
HISTORICAL ACTUALS
CENTRAL FORECAST
7.6.1 COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS ISSUES FOR

THE NEXT 10 YEARS
In 1995 the generation capacity within the
Country Goldfields region increased from
20MW to 200MW. The capacity of the 220kV
interconnection is limited by voltage and
synchronous stability constraints mainly due to
the distance between Muja and Kalgoorlie. The
power transfer capability of this interconnection
is 130MW. The current load forecast indicates
that the peak load demand is approaching this
system capacity limit (130MW).
The Muja to Goldfields interconnection is
paralleled at Merredin Terminal with the Metro
system via a weak 132kV Northam network.
Recent results of system studies indicate that
there is emerging need to eliminate undesired
power flows (or power wheeling) through the
Country East 132kV and 66kV networks shown
in Figure 710.
Another significant issue in the Country
Goldfields Region in the next few years are
ageing assets at Merredin and Kalgoorlie
Terminals, especially the SVCs that are used
for controlling the voltage and synchronous
stability. The SVCs will require either major
maintenance or replacement. This presents
an opportunity to investigate the use of more
recent technology.

growth in the Country Goldfields Region and will
be managing the emerging issues associated
with maintaining supplies, mitigating risk and
complying with requirements of the Technical
Rules.
A medium-term strategy is required for the
replacement of the ageing assets, an emerging
focus on the condition of the saturated reactors
at Merredin and West Kalgoorlie Terminals,
and to meet the load growth in the Country
Goldfields region.
A review of available options to alleviate power
transfer constraint was performed. The study
results including economic analysis concluded
that use of the local generation capacity
under NCS may form part of a feasible longterm strategy. Utilisation of local embedded
generation is being considered for NCS for
capacity expansion and for maximising benefits
of the existing asset. This new strategy of NCS
is being considered for the purpose of deferring
the costly reinforcements.
Western Power will be regularly reviewing and
reassessing the long-term plan for the Country
Goldfields Region, with particular emphasis on
the need for reinforcement resulting from the
volatility of load in the area.
|88|
SUPPLY I S SUE S
This chapter describes emerging supply issues on the SWIS and details the
committed projects which address these issues for each of the described
Planning Regions.
The supply issues include:
shortfall of zone substation power transformer
capacity;
thermal constraints on distribution networks
limiting the capability to supply loads or
transfer loads between zone substations;
voltage regulation constraints on long
distribution feeders limiting the ability to
connect new loads; and
voltage imbalance due to disproportionate
loading on our single phase distribution
network.
This chapter considers the voltage
transformations that occur at the zone
substation level. This voltage transformation
can be from 132kV or 66kV, down to 33kV, 22kV,
11kV or 6.6kV.
A committed project is a project with Western

Power approval to construct. These projects
have been put forward based on the strength
of the identified needs. In identifying the need,
Western Power takes a risk-based approach,
based on the consequences and likelihood of
the risk eventuating. The needs described in this
section are primarily based on growth drivers.
Western Power has strategies and programs of
work underway to deal with other drivers, such
as reliability, which are not covered in this report.
As part of its annual planning cycle, Western
Power is currently developing network
development plans to address issues forecast
to emerge over the next 5 to 8 years. This
will involve a detailed options and project
deliverability assessment, culminating into a
prudent network investment plan to resolve the
identified issues.
|89|
For planning purposes, this Section divides the

SWIS into five Planning Regions. This separates
the metropolitan and country regions from
each other but still provides optimal integrated
planning for Western Power. The Metro Region
is further divided into four Planning Sectors.
These sectors are further divided to Planning
Clusters. The Country Regions are not divided
into sectors, but are immediately divided into
Planning Clusters.
Dividing to the Planning Cluster level is required,
as load characteristics and reinforcement
needs are different per Cluster. A Planning
Cluster is defined as a group of zone substation
which have similar distribution voltages
and strong interconnections through the
distribution network, which allows the transfer
of load between adjacent zone substations.
At the Planning Cluster level, the catchment
of the cluster is shown with the location of the
associated zone substation. The respective
Local Government Authorities (LGA) intersecting
the clusters are also indicated. This information
is shown for each cluster using maps and tables.
8.1
METRO PLANNING REGION
The Metro Planning Region extends as far north

as Guilderton, as far south as Dawesville and
east to Chidlow.
The Metro Planning Region is divided into four
smaller Planning Sectors naturally defined by
the Swan River and the Darling Escarpment.
These are the Metro Central Business District
(Metro CBD), Metro North, Metro East and
Metro South. Figure 81 shows the geographic
boundaries of these Planning Sectors. The
Metro CBD is defined as its own Planning
Sector due to different load characteristics and
planning requirements.
The Metro Planning Region consists of a mixture
of overhead and underground distribution
networks. Overhead distribution networks
dominate the outer fringes, but as subdivisions
on the outskirts expand overtime, the network
infrastructure is changed to an underground
network.
The overhead networks on the outer fringes
tend to be long feeders and suffer from voltage
constraints and reliability issues. This is
predominately in the north of the Metro Planning
Region and, to a lesser extent, in the south of
the Metro Planning Region where the mean
feeder lengths are relatively long.
The underground networks and overhead
networks within the urban fringes
experience thermal constraints as they
strive to accommodate load growth and
new developments. This is compounded
by restrictions on feeders exit cable ratings
caused by feeder congestion around the zone
substations.
|90|
FIGURE 8-1: METRO PLANNING REGION - METRO PLANNING SECTORS
Beermullah
Seabird
Gingin
Bindoon
Chittering
Two Rocks
Yanchep
Muchea
Pinjar
Wanneroo
Ellenbrook
Sorrento
Chidlow
LEGEND
Perth
Sawyers Valley
Major Towns
Metro North
Fremantle
Metro South
Metro East
Roleystone
Metro CBD

SYSTEM (SWIS)
Rockingham
Port Kennedy
Jarrahdale
Mandurah
|91|
8.1.1 METRO CBD (11kV) PLANNING SECTOR

FIGURE 8-2: METRO CBD (11kV) PLANNING SECTOR
CITY OF STIRLING
TOWN OF VINCENT
North Perth
CITY OF BAYSWATER
TOWN OF CAMBRIDGE
Joel Terrace
Cook Street
CITY OF PERTH
CITY OF SUBIACO
Milligan Street
Wellington Street
Hay Street
Forrest Avenue
LEGEND
Zone Substations
KINGS PARK
LGA
11kV
|92|
TABLE 81: METRO CBD ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEPARTMENT OF REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Milligan Street
Hay Street
Wellington Street
Forrest Avenue
Joel Terrace
Cook Street
North Perth
City of Perth
Town of Vincent
City of Bayswater
City of Stirling
Town of Cambridge
City of Subiaco
Perth Metropolitan
TABLE 82: METRO CBD COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Joel Terrace installation of

third power transformer and a
new feeder
Provide additional capacity for

Joel Terrace network.
East Perth,
Highgate,
Inglewood and
North Perth
End 2010
North Perth installation of third

power transformer

North Perth network.
North Perth,
Mt Lawley,
Leederville and
Northbridge
End of
2010
Forrest Avenue installation of

new feeder to interconnect
with Joel Terrace
Provide additional capacity at

both Forrest Avenue and Joel
Terrace and improve reliability
from shorter feeders and
improved interconnection.
East Perth
Early
2011
The outer boundaries of the Metro CBD

Planning Sector are growing steadily mainly
through residential infill, as developers realise
the benefits of staying within close proximity
to the CBD. These areas are primarily supplied
from Joel Terrace in the east, North Perth to the
north and Cook Street to the west.
Towards the central region of the Metro CBD
Planning Sector, bound by the Swan River,
the load is characterised by commercial
developments, primarily office space, and
an increase in high density residential
developments.
The power transformer capacity of the zone
substation supplying the Metro CBD Planning
Sector for 2011 is 446MW. Based on the current
underlying load forecast, sufficient transformer
capacity is available until 2018.
Hay Street and Milligan Street zone substations
supply Perths CBD, with interconnections to the
surrounding Cook Street, Wellington Street and
Forrest Avenue zone substation.
The Technical Rules specify a higher security

of supply standard for the CBD loads supplied
from Hay St and Milligan St zone substation,
than for other distribution networks in the SWIS.
This CBD criteria requires spare capacity on
the feeder network so that, in the event of a
fault even at high load periods, load can be
automatically restored via the interconnections
with minimal customer outage.
The feeders in the Metro CBD Planning
Sector operate at 11kV, are relatively short
because of the high load density and suffer
from thermal constraints primarily caused by
feeder congestion out of the zone substation.
In addition to this, the placement of large loads
clustered together throughout the Metro CBD
Planning Sector makes it difficult to transfer load
effectively, and forms part of the challenge for
future planning issues and new large customer
block load connections.
|93|
Strategic planning for this area includes the

installation of infrastructure such as tunnels,
pit and duct systems or additional ducts,
where the opportunity arises due to planned
redevelopment projects e.g. Northbridge
Link. Although the load forecast for the Metro
CBD Planning Sector has sufficient power
transformer capacity until 2018, the Cook Street
zone substation load forecast is expected to
exceed capacity within the next five years. This
may involve the installation of an additional
power transformer at an adjacent zone
substation. The revised strategy will ensure
sufficient power transformer capacity will be
made available at Cook Street within the next
five years and to the Metro CBD Planning Sector
beyond 2018.
The Metro North Planning Sector is broken

down into clusters, as shown below, to
represent the ability to transfer load between
zone substation and the respective supply
voltages:
Metro North 6.6kV;
8.1.2 METRO NORTH PLANNING SECTOR
Metro North 11kV (A);
The Metro North Planning Sector is bounded

by the Swan River and CBD Planning Sector
in the south; east to the Vines development;
north through to Gingin and then west towards
Guilderton.
Metro North 11kV (B);
The Metro North Planning Sector is quite vast

and covers a number of areas with different
characteristics; hence it has been broken
down further to ease the explanation of the
complexities within.
There are a number of different distribution
voltages in the Metro North Planning Sector.
These are a legacy of the networks development
over a number of decades.
Metro North 22kV (A); and

Metro North 22kV (B).
The 11kV network is separated further, as there
are limited interconnections between the 11kV
zone substation in cluster (A) and the 11kV zone
substation in cluster (B). The primary reason
behind this is the natural boundary created by
Bold Park and the Campbell Barracks.
The 22kV network is also further separated
into two groups, as there is a limitation to the
number of interconnections between zone
substation in cluster (A) and zone substation in
cluster (B). The primary reason behind this is the
natural boundary of Whiteman Park.
|94|
FIGURE 8-3: METRO NORTH PLANNING SECTOR - VOLTAGE PLANNING CLUSTERS
Beermullah
Seabird
Gingin
Bindoon
Chittering
Two Rocks
Yanchep
Muchea
Pinjar
Wanneroo
LEGEND
Major Towns
Ellenbrook
6.6kV
11kV (A)
11kV (B)
Midland
22kV (A)
22kV (B)
City Beach
Subiaco
Cottesloe
|95|
8.1.2.1 METRO NORTH 6.6kV PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-4: METRO NORTH 6.6kV - PLANNING CLUSTER
CITY OF STIRLING
Herdsman Parade
TOWN OF CAMBRIDGE
CITY OF SUBIACO
Shenton Park
KINGS PARK
Medical Centre
CITY OF NEDLANDS
CITY OF PERTH
TOWN OF CLAREMONT
University
LEGEND
Nedlands
Zone Substations
LGA
6.6kV
METRO NORTH PLANNING SECTOR
|96|
TABLE 83: METRO NORTH 6.6kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Herdsman Parade
Medical Centre
Nedlands
Shenton Park
University
City of Stirling
Town of Cambridge
City of Subiaco
City of Nedlands
Town of Claremont
City of Perth
Perth Metropolitan
TABLE 84: METRO NORTH 6.6kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
There are no
committed projects in
this Planning Cluster
The Metro North 6.6kV cluster has a diverse

array of loads that include commercial
developments around the Claremont; Graylands,
King Edward, Queen Elizabeth II and Hollywood
hospitals; Irwin Barracks, Subiaco Waste Water
Treatment Plant, and a number of university
campuses and associated research facilities.
The residential areas are matured from a load
perspective however, new residential and
commercial developments have been produced
as part of the Subiaco redevelopments and
additional new residential lots are planned as
part of the Mt Claremont redevelopment.
The combined zone substation capacity for the
Metro North 6.6kV Planning Cluster for 2011 is
112MW. There is sufficient power transformer
capacity to cater for the forecast electrical
demands in the planning cluster for the next
five years. However, within this timeframe, there
are constraints in specific parts of the cluster,
namely Nedlands and Shenton Park zone
substation, due to ageing power transformers.
The distribution voltage in this cluster is 6.6kV,

with a mixture of overhead and underground
distribution network. The 6.6kV feeder network
is short and is well interconnected among the
zone substation in the planning cluster however,
the 6.6kV operating voltage means that each
feeder is capable of supplying much less power
than higher voltage (11kV and 22kV) feeders.
One of the many options being considered
to address emerging capacity limitations is
the upgrading of ageing assets to support
the operation at a higher voltage level. Over
time this approach would allow conversion
to a higher distribution voltage, say 11kV, and
increase the amount of load a feeder can
supply by 67%. This is similar to the conversion
process currently underway at Wembley Downs
and Cottesloe zone substation9.
9 The Wembley Downs and Cottesloe zone substation will

be discussed in the respective Metro North 11kV (A) and (B)
Planning Cluster section, as they will be converted to 11kV by
the time this is published.
|97|
8.1.2.2 METRO NORTH 11kV (A) PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-5: METRO NORTH 11kV (A) - PLANNING CLUSTER
CITY OF STIRLING
CITY OF BAYSWATER
Manning Street
Osborne Park
Yokine
LEGEND
Morley
Zone Substations
LGA
11kV (A)
Wembley Downs
TOWN OF VINCENT
TOWN OF CAMBRIDGE
N
CITY OF NEDLANDS
|98|
TABLE 85: METRO NORTH 11kV (A) ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Manning Street
Morley
Osborne Park
Wembley Downs
Yokine
City of Stirling
Town of Vincent
Town of Cambridge
City of Bayswater
City of Nedlands
Perth Metropolitan
TABLE 86: METRO NORTH 11kV (A) COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Wembley Downs
convert distribution
network from 6.6kV
to 11kV
Increase in feeder capacity to

accommodate future load growth and
developments in the vicinity. Improved
reliability by interconnecting with
adjacent 11kV network.
Wembley
Downs and
City Beach
End 2010
The Metro North 11kV (A) cluster primarily

supplies residential load, with small pockets of
commercial developments and a concentrated
industrial area at Osborne Park. The residential
areas in some parts of the cluster are mature
in their development, particularly the eastern
areas, whereas infill developments occurring,
particularly closer to the Perth city centre and
within proximity to the coastline, are yet to
mature. These developments are showing an
increase in residential density particularly in areas
close to employment and transportation nodes.
The combined zone substations capacity
supplying the Metro North 11kV (A) Planning
Cluster for 2011 is 293MW. The distribution
voltage in this cluster is 11kV, with a mixture of
overhead and underground distribution network.
There are quite a few interconnections between
the 11kV substations in an east-west direction.
However, there are capacity constraints on
the distribution network that limit the ability to
utilise the interconnections to transfer significant
portions of load between zone substations.
The capability of the distribution network is
limited by thermal constraints on the distribution
exit cables. This is caused by overly congested
buried cables due to restrictive cable exit routes
in front of the zone substation. There are also
sections of lower rated cables and conductors
through the network.
These can limit the feeder rating, but usually by

not as much as the feeders exit cables. These
limitations can also reduce the effectiveness of
the amount of load transferrable between zone
substations during outages and maintenance.
In addition to the challenge of thermal
constraints on the distribution feeders, the
overall power transformer capacity is forecast
to be exceeded in 2017. However, Osborne
Park and Mannings capacity is forecast to be
exceeded within the next 2 to 3 years. Plans are
currently underway to review the most prudent
investment options to resolve these issues in
a timely manner. Options being considered
include the establishment of a new zone
substation, or the upgrade of the existing assets
to cater for the operation at a higher voltage of
22kV, which effectively doubles the capacity on
the distribution network. The revised strategy
will ensure sufficient power transformer capacity
will be made available beyond 2016.
The proposed redevelopment of the Stirling
City Centre is a significant development in this
cluster. Western Power is working closely as
part of the Stirling City Alliance to understand
the potential impact of this development on the
electrical network.
|99|
8.1.2.3 METRO NORTH 11kV (B) PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-6: METRO NORTH 11kV (B) - PLANNING CLUSTER
CITY OF NEDLANDS
TOWN OF CLAREMONT
TOWN OF COTTESLOE
LEGEND
Zone Substations
Cottesloe
LGA
SHIRE OF
PEPPERMINT GROVE
11kV (B)

TOWN OF MOSMAN PARK
CITY OF FREMANTLE
|100|
TABLE 87: METRO NORTH 11kV (B) ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Cottesloe
City of Nedlands
Town of Claremont
Town of Cottesloe
Shire of Peppermint Grove
Town of Mosman Park
City of Fremantle
Perth Metropolitan
TABLE 88: METRO NORTH 11kV (B) COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Cottesloe convert
distribution network
from 6.6kV to 11kV

accommodate future load growth and
developments in the vicinity. Improved
reliability by interconnecting with
adjacent 11kV network as 6.6kV Planning
Cluster gradually converted to 11kV.
Cottesloe,
Peppermint
Grove and
Mosman Park
End 2010
Cottesloe is the only zone substation supplying

this Planning Cluster. The capacity for 2011
is 52MW, which supplies an 11kV distribution
voltage, with a predominately underground
distribution network. This cluster has similar
issues to the Metro North 11kV (A) cluster.
The Cottesloe distribution network is in the
process to be upgraded from 6.6kV to 11kV.
The increase in voltage will allow for the
connection of 67% more load per feeder. This
extra capacity is envisaged to accommodate
forecast load growth and new developments in
the vicinity for the short to medium-term. The
strategy to support the long-term growth in
this cluster is currently being revised. This may
include the installation of additional feeders or
power transformers.
|101|
8.1.2.4 METRO NORTH 22kV (A) PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-7: METRO NORTH 22kV (A) - PLANNING CLUSTER
Henley Brook
CITY OF WANNEROO
CITY OF SWAN
LEGEND
Malaga
Zone Substations
LGA
22kV (A)
Beechboro
CITY OF BAYSWATER
CITY OF STIRLING
TOWN OF
BASSENDEAN
Hadfields
|102|
TABLE 89: METRO NORTH 22kV (A) ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Beechboro
Hadfields
Henley Brook
Malaga
City of Bayswater
Town of Bassendean
City of Swan
City of Stirling
City of Wanneroo
Perth Metropolitan
TABLE 810: METRO NORTH 22kV (A) COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Malaga installation of
third power transformer

customers in the Malaga area
Malaga and Ballajura
Mid 2011
The Metro North 22kV (A) Planning Cluster

covers a large portion of the Metro North
Planning Sector and has a diverse array of
loads. In the south, the Hadfields catchment
supplies a substantial amount of heavy industrial
loads in the Bassendean Industrial Area. The
Malaga Industrial Area, supplied from Malaga,
is also a substantial industrial development
in the catchment. The eastern portion of the
catchment captures the beginnings of the Swan
Valley, with high intensity agricultural loads.
Remaining areas in the south-east and northeast of the Metro North 22kV (A) Planning
Cluster are residential loads. The north-east
portion (being Ellen Brook) and the south-east
portion (being the Caversham area) are currently
experiencing rapid growth. New developments
are occurring in these areas and are expected to
be developed well into the next couple of years.
This 22kV cluster is separated from the Metro
North 22kV (B) Planning Cluster because
of a reduction in the number of useful
interconnections to transfer load between
clusters. Whiteman Park is a natural boundary,
with relatively low load densities, reducing the
need to create interconnections between the
two Metro North 22kV clusters.
Most of the significant interconnections between
the two clusters are through the Malaga
network, however, these wont be employed in
the near future as the establishment of several
substations in the Metro North 22kV (B) Planning
Cluster10 will alleviate the need to use Malagas
interconnections.
The Hadfields network to the south of the Metro
North 22kV (A) Planning Cluster is somewhat
bounded to the east by the Swan River, with
10 These future substations will be discussed in the Metro
North 22kV (B) Planning Cluster.
a few limited interconnections existing to the

Metro East Planning Sector11. The west side of the
Hadfields network is adjacent to the Morley 11kV
network (Metro North 11kV (A) Planning Cluster).
There are no useable interconnections between
these areas as the voltage levels are different.
The combined zone substation capacity supplying
the Metro North 22kV (A) cluster for 2011 is
235MW with a 22kV distribution voltage level. This
network is comprised of a mixture of overhead and
underground assets.
This cluster experiences some feeder thermal
constraints on the older zone substations, Hadfields
and Beechboro, due to congestion on the feeder
exit cables, however, compared to the 11kV
planning clusters, this is generally less of an issue in
this area. On the overhead network, this constraint
is more prevalent. Options are being investigated to
balance the overall cost with the benefits realised.
These options include upgrading sections of the
overhead network with larger conductors and
undergrounding parts of the network.
The overall power transformer capacity of the
cluster is not forecast to be exceeded until 2019.
However, within the next 2 to 3 years, the power
transformer capacity is forecast to be exceeded
at Hadfields and Henley Brook. Western Power is
currently examining options, such as the installation
of additional power transformers at Henley Brook,
to address this emerging limitation. The revised
strategy will ensure sufficient power transformer
capacity is made available in the short and longterm timeframe.
Power transformer capacity for the cluster (2012),
after the installation of the Malaga third transformer
will be 259MW.
11 The Metro East Planning Sector will be described in detail

in its section.
|103|
8.1.2.5 METRO NORTH 22kV (B) PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-8: METRO NORTH 22kV (B) - PLANNING CLUSTER
Regans
SHIRE OF
VICTORIA PLAINS
SHIRE OF GINGIN
SHIRE OF CHITTERING
SHIRE OF TOODYAY
Muchea
CITY OF WANNEROO
LEGEND
Future Zone Substations
Yanchep
Zone Substations
LGA
Clarkson
CITY OF SWAN
22kV (B)
Wanneroo
Joondalup
Mullaloo
Padbury
Wangara
Landsdale
CITY OF
JOONDALUP
Balcatta
North Beach
Arkana
CITY OF STIRLING
|104|
TABLE 811: METRO NORTH 22kV (B) ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Arkana
Clarkson
Landsdale
Muchea
Mullaloo
North Beach
Padbury
Regans 22kV
Wanneroo
Yanchep
City of Stirling
City of Joondalup
City of Wanneroo
City of Swan
Shire of Chittering
Shire of Toodyay
Shire of Gingin
Shire of Victoria Plains
Perth Metropolitan
Wheatbelt
The Metro North 22kV (B) Planning Cluster

covers the vast majority of the Metro North
Planning Sector leading to a diverse range of
loads. The outer fringes of this cluster mainly
consist of semi-rural loads with predominantly
long overhead feeders which are voltage
constrained. The zone substation which
supplies these areas are Muchea and Regans
22kV12. The Yanchep zone substation has a
single feeder running north which also supplies
this type of load.
These semi-rural feeders from Yanchep, Muchea
and Regans 22kV are characterised by long
feeder lengths with voltage regulator sites along
the feeder to assist with maintaining acceptable
voltage levels at the customers end. Poletop
capacitor banks are also on the feeder network
to help support voltages at the feeder ends.
As the feeders in this area are typically very
long, there are few interconnections available
between feeders. This limits the amount of
transfer capacity available during unplanned or
planned outages.
The remaining substations in this catchment
supply a mixture of residential, commercial
or large industrial loads. Capacity of the
distribution network in these areas is
established by the thermal ratings of the power
transformer and feeders.
The coastal areas and southern portion is
mainly residential with pockets of commercial
developments around central areas. The
majority of the residential developments closer
to Perth City are more mature.
New residential activity is mainly by the coast

north of Quinns Rocks, the new subdivisions are
developing the patches of vacant land between
the towns of Yanchep and Two Rocks. The load
is forecast to grow as new developments are
populated.
Significant industrial areas are located at
the Wangara/Gnangara Industrial Area. The
Neerabup industrial area is slowly taking shape,
in the future this will be a significant industrial
hub for this sector.
supplying the Metro North 22kV (B) Planning
Cluster for 2011 is 674MW, with the distribution
network comprising a mixture of overhead
and underground feeders. Similar to the Metro
North 22kV (A) Planning Cluster, this cluster
experiences thermal constraints, not so much on
the feeders exit cables, as exit cable congestion
is not as severe as the 11kV network, but on
the feeders backbone. Exit cable congestion
is more evident at the older substations in this
catchment, North Beach and Mullaloo.
The thermal feeder constraints are from lowerrated feeder backbone conductors. This can
be overhead or underground cable. In some
instances it may not make economic sense
to upgrade the weak backbone conductor, as
the increase achieved may only be minimal,
but with a significant cost. A better economic
option would be to run a new feeder to offload
the highly loaded feeder. The new feeder would
create additional capacity, over and above the
conductor upgrade option. The extra capacity
generated can then be used to accommodate
forecast additional load growth or new
developments.
12 Regans zone substation also has a 33kV distribution

network, but this will be discussed in the Country North 33kV
Planning Cluster.
|105|
TABLE 812: METRO NORTH 22kV (B) COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Clarkson installation
of new feeder
Provide additional capacity on Clarkson

and Yanchep networks. Improved reliability
from shorter feeder lengths and improved
interconnection.
Butler,
Jindalee
End 2010
Wangara new zone

substation and two
new feeders
Provide additional capacity on the Landsdale

feeders to accommodate growth and new
developments. Improved reliability from shorter
feeders and improved interconnection.
Wangara,
Madeley and
Wanneroo
End 2010
Joondalup new zone

substation and four
new feeders
Provide additional capacity on the Wanneroo

and Mullaloo feeders to accommodate growth
and new developments. Improved reliability from
shorter feeders and improved interconnection.
Joondalup
and Connolly
End 2010
Balcatta new zone

substation (two
power transformer)
and three new
feeders
Provide additional capacity on the Arkana and

North Beach feeders to accommodate growth
and new developments. Improved reliability from
shorter feeders and improved interconnection.
Balcatta
Industrial
Area, Carine,
Hamersley
and Balcatta
End 2013
The strategy that is eventually selected from

a group of options is highly dependent on the
forecast load growth in the area. If an area is not
forecast to grow significantly, then the upgrade
option may be the better economic decision.
To cope with the consistent urban load growth
in this catchment, three new zone substations
are being established within the next three
years in this catchment. These substations
are: Wangara, Joondalup, and Balcatta. The
establishment of the three new zone substations
will alleviate power transformer constraints at
Landsdale, Wanneroo and Mullaloo, Arkana and
North Beach respectively.
However, even with the establishment of the

new Joondalup zone substation, the load
forecast is expected to exceed the power
transformer capacity at Mullaloo within the next
2 to 3 years. The strategy for the area is being
revised, to ensure sufficient power transformer
capacity will be available within this timeframe.
This may involve the installation of additional
power transformer capacity at an adjacent zone
substation.
The new zone substations will improve capacity
for the cluster, work is ongoing to review
strategies, which will further increase the overall
power transformer capacity in this cluster, as
capacity is currently forecasted to be exceeded
in 2020.
Power transformer capacity for the cluster (2014),
after the establishment of Balcatta as a two
power transformer site, will be 720MW.
|106|
8.1.3 METRO SOUTH PLANNING SECTOR

The Metro South Planning Sector is bounded
by the Swan River to the north, the Metro East
Planning Sector to the east and the Country
South Planning Region in the south.
The Metro South Planning Sector is quite vast
and covers a number of areas with different
characteristics. To ease explanation of the
complexities, the sector has been broken down
further.
There are a number of different distribution
voltages in the Metro South Planning
Sector. These are a legacy of the networks
development over a number of decades.
The Metro South Planning Sector is broken
down into clusters, as shown below, to represent
the ability to transfer load between zone
substation and the respective supply voltages:
Metro South 6.6kV;
Metro South 11kV (A);
Metro South 11kV (B);
Metro South 22kV (A);
Metro South 22kV (B); and
Metro South 22kV (C).
As seen in the above list, the 11kV network
is separated further as there are no
interconnections between the 11kV zone
substation in cluster (A) and the 11kV zone
substation in cluster (B).
The 22kV network is also separated further
into three clusters, as there is a limitation to
the number of interconnections between zone
substations in cluster (A), cluster (B) and cluster
(C). The primary reason behind this is the natural
boundaries created by the Canning River and
undeveloped land.
|107|
FIGURE 8-9: METRO SOUTH PLANNING SECTOR - VOLTAGE PLANNING CLUSTERS
Bentley
Fremantle
Jandakot
Roleystone
Rockingham
Jarrahdale
Port Kennedy
LEGEND
Major Towns
6.6kV
11kV (A)
11kV (B)
22kV (A)
Mandurah
22kV (B)
22kV (C)
|108|
8.1.3.1 METRO SOUTH 6.6kV PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-10: METRO SOUTH 6.6kV - PLANNING CLUSTER
CITY OF BELMONT
LEGEND
Zone Substations
LGA
6.6kV
TOWN OF VICTORIA PARK
Victoria Park
METRO SOUTH PLANNING SECTOR
|109|
TABLE 813: METRO SOUTH 6.6kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Victoria Park
Town of Victoria Park
Perth Metropolitan
TABLE 814: METRO SOUTH 6.6kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
There are no committed

projects in this Planning Cluster
The Metro South 6.6kV Planning Cluster is

an annually reducing area consisting of both
residential and commercial loads. The 6.6kV
cluster is slowly being converted to 22kV and
supplied from Rivervale zone substation13.
The network comprises a mixture of overhead
and underground distribution assets with only
two 6.6kV feeders from Victoria Park remaining
from the original network. The current strategy
is to proceed with the conversion process and
convert the remaining load over to 22kV. The
first stage of this conversion project has recently
been completed and planning for the second
stage is well underway.
The completion of the Victoria Park conversion
to 22kV will merge the catchments of the Metro
South 6.6kV Planning Cluster with the Metro
South 22kV (B) Planning Cluster, thus improving
capacity and reliability.
13 Rivervale zone substation will be discussed in the Metro

South 22kV (B) Planning Cluster.
|110|
8.1.3.2 METRO SOUTH 11kV (A) PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-11: METRO SOUTH 11kV (A) - PLANNING CLUSTER
Clarence Street
CITY OF SOUTH PERTH
Collier
LEGEND
Zone Substations
LGA
11kV (A)
CITY OF CANNING
|111|
TABLE 815: METRO SOUTH 11kV (A) ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Clarence Street
Collier
City of South Perth

City of Canning
Perth Metropolitan
TABLE 816: METRO SOUTH 11kV (A) COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Clarence Street
installation of new
feeder and upgrade
lower rated sections
Provide additional capacity for growth

and improve reliability from shorter
feeders and improved interconnection.
South Perth
and Como
End 2010
The area is primarily residential, with older

dwellings away from the Swan and Canning
Rivers. High density residential developments
are occurring at transportation corridors
and areas with river views. There are some
commercial loads in the area, with the majority
of them in the South Perth precinct.
As there are only two zone substations in this

cluster, the capacity for feeder interconnection
is limited. To ensure the 11kV (A) cluster does
not overload, a strategy is being revised to
convert and offload part of the Collier network
to Bentley zone substation14 which bounds the
11kV (A) cluster in the east.

supplying the Metro South 11kV (A) Planning
Cluster for 2011 is 93MW. The combined
capacity of the zone substations is adequate to
support the forecasted underlying load growth
for the next 10 years.
The longer term strategy will be to eventually

convert this cluster to 22kV. The benefit of this
conversion will be improved interconnections
that will aid reliability, and also the increase in
the overall capacity of the network. This strategy
will add power transformer capacity to this
Planning Cluster, which is currently forecasted
to be exceeded shortly after 2020.
The distribution voltage in this cluster is 11kV,

distribution network. The restriction on the
distribution feeder network is caused by
thermal constraints on the feeders exit cables
and backbone. Getting the feeders out to the
suburbs from the substations with limited street
frontage creates cable congestion. This leads to
exit cable derating as there is insufficient cable
spacing to allow the cables to operate at an
efficient temperature when carrying full load.
The completion of the Collier and eventually

Clarence Street conversion to 22kV will merge
the catchments of the Metro South 11kV (A)
Planning Cluster with the Metro South 22kV (B)
Planning Cluster.
14 Bentley zone substation will be discussed in the Metro

South 22kV (B) Planning Cluster.
|112|
8.1.3.3 METRO SOUTH 11kV (B) PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-12: METRO SOUTH 11kV (B) - PLANNING CLUSTER
TOWN OF MOSMAN PARK
CITY OF FREMANTLE
North Fremantle
TOWN OF EAST FREMANTLE
CITY OF FREMANTLE
Edmund Street
LEGEND
Zone Substations
LGA
11kV (B)
|113|
TABLE 817: METRO SOUTH 11kV (B) ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Edmund Street
North Fremantle
City of Fremantle
Town of East Fremantle
Perth Metropolitan
TABLE 818: METRO SOUTH 11kV (B) COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN

projects in this Planning Cluster
The combined zone substation capacity

supplying the Metro South 11kV (B) Planning
Cluster for 2011 is 55MW. The combined
capacity of the zone substations is adequate to
support the forecast growth.
with a predominately underground distribution
network.
The cluster constitutes a mixture of residential
loads on the outer fringes of the cluster,
industrial loads on North Quay and Victoria
Quay and commercial activities around
Fremantle City.
Load growth is moderate in this cluster, as the
loads have matured, and new developments
are rare as a significant amount of properties
are heritage listed in the Fremantle City.
Higher density residential dwellings are being
developed where river and ocean views are
available.
|114|
8.1.3.4 METRO SOUTH 22kV (A) PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-13: METRO SOUTH 22kV (A)- PLANNING CLUSTER
TOWN OF EAST
FREMANTLE
Amherst
Myaree
CITY OF
CITY OF MELVILLE Riverton CANNING
Canning Vale
OConnor
CITY OF FREMANTLE
Murdoch
Willeton
Maddington
SHIRE OF KALAMUNDA
CITY OF GOSNELLS
Gosnells
South Fremantle
Australian Paper Mills
Bibra Lake
Southern River
CITY OF COCKBURN
Cockburn Cement
CITY OF ARMADALE
Byford
TOWN OF KWINANA
LEGEND
Future Zone Substations
Zone Substations
CITY OF ROCKINGHAM
SHIRE OF SERPENTINE-JARRAHDALE
LGA
22kV (A)
SHIRE OF MURRAY
|115|
TABLE 8 19: METRO SOUTH 22kV (A) ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Amherst
Bibra Lake
Byford
Canning Vale
Cockburn Cement
Gosnells
Murdoch
Myaree
OConnor
Riverton
South Fremantle 22kV
Southern River
City of Fremantle
Town of East Fremantle
City of Melville
City of Canning
City of Gosnells
City of Armadale
City of Cockburn
Town of Kwinana
Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale
Shire of Murray
Shire Kalamunda
City of Rockingham
Perth Metropolitan
The Metro South 22kV (A) Planning Cluster

covers a large portion of the Metro South
Planning Sector and has a diverse array of
loads.
The south-east outer fringes of this cluster
mainly consist of semi-rural loads. These
areas consist predominantly of agricultural and
commercial loads, which are near the town-sites
of Armadale and Byford. Pockets of these areas
that are close to transportation corridors are
being developed into residential housing. The
load density at Armadale and Byford is growing
as higher density residential is being developed
in parallel with supporting commercial activities.
Areas adjacent to the Swan and Canning Rivers
are older, developed residential areas. However,
by the coast, new high density residential
developments are being developed south of
Fremantle City.
Significant industrial load exists in Henderson
and Canning Vale Industrial Areas. There
is potential for significant expansion to the
Henderson Industrial Park and the Jandakot
Airport area. Other large industrial parks in the
cluster include industrial areas in OConnor,
Myaree, Maddington15, Forrestdale, Bibra Lake,
Jandakot, and Cockburn Central.
The combined zone substation capacity

supplying the Metro South 22kV (A) Planning
Cluster for 2011 is 768MW. This will be
improved with the completion of two new zone
substations, which will be established within
the next three years. These substations are
Willetton and Maddington, which will alleviate
power transformer loadings at Canning Vale,
Gosnells and Southern River. The additional
power transformer capacity is required to
support the consistent urban load growth in the
north eastern pocket of this cluster. The new
zone substations will provide sufficient power
transformer capacity for the cluster for the next
10 years.
Although the establishment of the two new
zone substations provides sufficient power
transformer capacity to the cluster for the
next 10 years, the load forecast is expected
to exceed the power transformer capacity at
Canning Vale and Southern River within the next
2 to 3 years. The strategy for the area is being
revised, to ensure sufficient power transformer
capacity will be available within this timeframe.
This may involve the installation of additional
power transformer capacity at an adjacent zone
substation.
The cluster also faces challenges of thermally
constrained feeders, due to congested feeder
exit cables from substations with limited
frontages, and a few lengthy distribution feeders
with voltage constraints.
15 Half of the Maddington Industrial Area is supplied by the

Metro South 22kV (B) Planning Cluster.
|116|
TABLE 820: METRO SOUTH 22kV (A) COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
OConnor installation of
Provide additional capacity on

OConnor networks.
Myaree
End 2010
Murdoch installation
of second power
transformer and Two
new feeders

Murdoch and Riverton networks.
Reliability improvements from
shorter feeders and improved
interconnection.
Murdoch, Bateman
and Bull Creek
End 2010
Gosnells and Riverton

feeder upgrade

Gosnells and Riverton networks.
Gosnells, Bull Creek,

Riverton, Shelley and
Rossmoyne
End 2010
Byford feeder
conductor upgrade and
recloser installation
Improve reliability and provide

additional capacity on the affected
Byford feeder.
Wungong and
Armadale
End 2010
Willetton new zone

substation
four new feeders
Offload Canning Vale and

Southern River. Provide additional
capacity to accommodate future
growth. Reliability benefits due
to shorter feeders and improved
interconnection.
Canning Vale and

surrounds
Mid 2011
Cockburn Cement and

feeder upgrade
Improve reliability of Cockburn

Cement and Australian Paper Mills
by improving interconnection.
Spearwood, Coogee,
Bibra Lake
Mid 2011
Maddington new zone

substation
four new feeders
Offload Gosnells and Canning

Vale. Provide additional capacity
to accommodate future growth.
Reliability benefits due to
shorter feeders and improved
interconnection.
Maddington, Thornlie
and Gosnells
End 2011
OConnor and Amherst

feeder upgrade

OConnor and Amherst networks.
OConnor, Palmyra,
Beaconsfield, Hilton
and White Gum Valley
End 2011
Apart from the various projects underway in the

cluster to bolster capacity, there are plans to
resolve the above feeder issues by carrying out
a number of network solutions such as:
upgrading of lower rated cables to improve
capacity;
installation of new feeders to improve supply
capability;
The reviewed strategy that is eventually selected

from a group of options will ensure sufficient
capacity is available in a timely manner and is
highly dependent on the forecast load growth
for the area, the cost of the option, and the
overall benefit to the area.
Power transformer capacity for the cluster
(2012), after the establishment of Willetton and
Maddington, will be 799MW.
installation of voltage regulators and/or

capacitor banks to address the voltage
constraints; and
installation of new power transformers at
existing substations and/or to establish new
substation sites to improve on the overall
power transformer capacity.
|117|
8.1.3.5 METRO SOUTH 22kV (B) PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-14: METRO SOUTH 22kV (B) - PLANNING CLUSTER
CITY OF BAYSWATER
CITY OF SWAN
Belmont
LEGEND
Zone Substations
Rivervale
LGA
CITY OF BELMONT
22kV (B)
Kewdale
Welshpool
Tate Street
SHIRE OF KALAMUNDA
CITY OF CANNING
Bentley
CITY OF SOUTH PERTH
CITY OF GOSNELLS
|118|
TABLE 821: METRO SOUTH 22kV (B) ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Belmont
Bentley
Kewdale
Rivervale
Tate Street
Welshpool

City of South Perth
City of Belmont
City of Canning
Shire of Kalamunda
City of Gosnells
City of Bayswater
City of Swan
Perth Metropolitan
The cluster is bounded by the Swan River in the

north, the Metro South 11kV (A) Planning Cluster
to the west, the Perth International Airport and
Metro East Planning Sector to the east, and
the Canning River and Metro South 22kV (A)
Planning Cluster to the south.
There are some interconnections with the Metro
East Planning Sector, through the low density
residential dwellings however, they can not be
utilised effectively to transfer significant portions
of load, as there are spans of lower-rated
conductor at the end of the feeder, where the
interconnections are located.
Similarly there are some interconnections with
the Metro South 22kV (A) Planning Cluster,
through the Maddington Industrial Area.
However, there are lower-rated conductors at
the feeder ends where the interconnections
are located, reducing the effectiveness of
transferring significant portions of load. The
Canning River also creates a natural boundary
between the two clusters, which restricts the
creation of additional interconnections.
The loads in this cluster are dominated by the

industrial loads at both Welshpool and Kewdale
Industrial Areas with newer industrial areas
being developed at Belmont and Maddington16.
The remaining load in this cluster is mostly
residential, with pockets of commercial
activity centres. The residential loads are fairly
matured, particularly closer to the Perth City.
New developments tend to be higher density
and within close proximity to transportation
corridors. The new residential developments are
generally infill developments. New subdivisions
are rare in this cluster as there is no large,
vacant or semi-rural land, to develop.
supplying the Metro South 22kV (B) Planning
Cluster for 2011 is 326MW. The distribution
voltage in this cluster is 22kV, with a mixture
of overhead and underground distribution
networks. The main issues with this cluster are
around the shortfall in overall power transformer
capacity in the next 10 years, and the thermal
constraints on the distribution feeder level in the
next 1 to 2 years.
16 Half of the Maddington Industrial Area is supplied via the

Metro South 22kV (A) Planning Cluster.
|119|
TABLE 822: METRO SOUTH 22kV (B) COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Bentley installation of two

new feeders
Provide additional capacity to the

Bentley network. Improve reliability
from shorter feeders and improved
interconnection.
Karawara and
Bentley
End 2010
Rivervale installation of
Provide additional capacity to the

Rivervale network
Lathlain,
Carlisle and
Burswood
Mid 2011
Kewdale installation of
second power transformer
and A new feeder to
offload Tate Street

Kewdale network and improve
network reliability for Tate Street
feeder.
Welshpool,
Kewdale and
Queens Park
Mid 2011
Future plans are currently being developed

to resolve the thermal constraints by either
replacing the lower-rated assets or by installing
new feeders to offload the heavily loaded
feeders.
The establishment of Bentley and Kewdale
zone substations and the upgrade to Rivervale
Substation has been part of the overall strategy
to improve power transformer capacity in this
cluster. More work is currently underway to build
on the benefits realised from this overall strategy
in order to manage the growing demand in this
cluster in a prudent and timely manner.
(2012), after the installation of the Rivervale third
transformer and Kewdale second transformer,
will be 361MW17.
17 Although two power transformers are installed in this

cluster, the forecast capacity increase is not as large as
expected, due to changes in power factor and reductions
in available transformer capacity. The reductions are to
minimise operational risk.
|120|
8.1.3.6 METRO SOUTH 22kV (C) PLANNING CLUSTER

FIGURE 8-15: METRO SOUTH 22kV (C) - PLANNING CLUSTER
CITY OF COCKBURN
TOWN OF KWINANA
British Petroleum
Medina
Mason Road
Rockingham
Waikiki
SHIRE OF SERPENTINE-JARRAHDALE
CITY OF ROCKINGHAM
LEGEND
Zone Substations
LGA
22kV (C)
Meadow Springs
SHIRE OF MURRAY
CITY OF MANDURAH
Mandurah
Pinjarra
|121|
TABLE 823: METRO SOUTH 22kV (C) ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
British Petroleum
Mandurah
Mason Road
Meadow Springs
Medina
Pinjarra
Rockingham
Waikiki
Town of Kwinana
Shire of Serpentine
Jarrahdale
City of Rockingham
City of Mandurah
Shire of Murray
City of Cockburn
Perth Metropolitan
Peel
TABLE 824: METRO SOUTH 22kV (C) COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Pinjarra installation of
Provide additional capacity

for customers in the area.
Ravenswood
End 2010
Medina installation of
Provide additional capacity

for customers in the area.
Kwinana, Medina,
Banjup and Hope Valley
End 2011
The coastal strip north of Rockingham to Naval

Base consists of heavy industrial loads and
supporting light industrial and commercial
activities. Growth in this area is steady and
reflects state economic confidence. There is
potential for significant expansion of the Kwinana
Industrial Area in the north-east. This area is
earmarked for redevelopment and is designated
Hope Valley and stretches north to Wattleup.
The coastal strip of this cluster consists of
primarily high growth residential loads from
Rockingham in the north to Dawesville in the
south. Higher densities of residential dwellings
are found around Rockingham and Mandurah
city centres. These precincts also contain
commercial developments.

supplying the Metro South 22kV (C) Planning
Cluster for 2011 is 440MW and based on the
current underlying load forecast, sufficient
transformer capacity is available until 2019.
distribution network, with the predominate issue
of thermal constraints. This is caused by either
feeder exit cable congestion or lower-rated
feeder backbone.
Although power transformer capacity for the
cluster is forecast to be exceeded in 2019, there
are power transformer constraints at Rockingham
zone substation within the next 2 to 3 years. The
strategy for the Rockingham zone substation
catchment is being revised, to ensure sufficient
power transformer capacity will be available
within the next 2 to 3 years. This may involve
the installation of additional power transformer
capacity at an adjacent zone substation.
|122|
The feeder thermal constraints are being

planned to be resolved by either the upgrade of
existing assets or installation of new feeders.
The Planning Clusters transformer capacity
issues are being resolved by reviewing a
strategy to install new transformers at existing
sites, as well as investigating the possibility of
establishing new sites. The revised strategy will
ensure sufficient power transformer capacity will
be made available beyond 2018.
(2012), after the installation of the Medina third
transformer, will be 461MW.
8.1.4 METRO EAST PLANNING SECTOR

The Metro East Planning Sector is bounded by
the Swan River in the north-west, north towards
the southern end of the Avon Valley National
Park, east towards Boononging, south towards
Canning Dam, south-west towards Wattle Grove
and west towards the Perth International Airport.
The Metro East Planning Sector has been
separated from the Metro North and Metro
South Planning Sectors as it has different
characteristics and requirements for future
growth.
This catchment basically covers the eastern
hills areas of Perth and adjoins the Country
East Planning Region however, no feeders
interconnect between the two Planning Regions.
There are two distribution voltage levels in the
Metro East Sector, the majority being 22kV,
with a pocket of 6.6kV supplied from Mundaring
Weir zone substation. These clusters will be
discussed separately.
|123|
FIGURE 8-16: METRO EAST PLANNING SECTOR
CITY OF SWAN
SHIRE OF MUNDARING
Midland Junction
Hazelmere
Sawyers Valley
Darlington
Mundaring Weir
CITY OF BELMONT
LEGEND
Forrestfield
Zone Substations
Kalamunda
LGA
6.6kV
SHIRE OF KALAMUNDA
22kV
SHIRE OF YORK
CITY OF GOSNELLS
SHIRE OF BEVERLEY
CITY OF ARMADALE
SHIRE OF WANDERING
|124|
8.1.4.1 METRO EAST 6.6kV PLANNING

CLUSTER
8.1.4.2 METRO EAST 22kV PLANNING

CLUSTER
Figure 816 shows the Metro East 6.6kV

Planning Cluster.
Figure 816 shows the Metro East 22kV

Planning Cluster.
The distribution voltage in this cluster is

6.6kV, and supplies a small network that is not
interconnected with the surrounding area. The
6.6kV network mainly supplies facilities for the
Water Corporations operations at Mundaring
Weir. The load growth is constant and is
dominated by the Water Corporations facilities.
It should be noted that the Metro East Planning

Cluster overlaps the Shires of York, Beverley
and Wandering however, at this stage the feeder
network does not extend this far.
Mundaring Weir is the only zone substation

supplying this Planning Cluster. zone substation
capacity supplying the Metro East 6.6kV
Planning Cluster for 2011 is 5.4MW, which is
sufficient to supply the existing loads.
There is a limited amount of development
surrounding the Mundaring Weir network. The
majority of the surrounding land is a catchment
for drinking water.
The Metro East 22kV Planning Cluster supplies

a wide range of loads. There are heavy industrial
loads in the east near the Perth International
Airport. There are residential and commercial
precincts at Midland, Forrestfield and
Kalamunda. There is high intensity agricultural
load centred around Middle Swan. There is low
density residential development and supporting
commercial activities on the outskirts of the
cluster, particularly through the eastern portion
of the Darling Escarpment. The remaining land
is undeveloped; as parklands, reserves or state
forest.
TABLE 825: METRO EAST 6.6kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Mundaring Weir
Shire of Mundaring
Perth Metropolitan
TABLE 826: METRO EAST 6.6kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
There are no committed projects

in this Planning Cluster
TABLE 827: METRO EAST 22kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Darlington
Forrestfield
Hazelmere
Kalamunda
Midland Junction
Sawyers Valley
City of Swan
Shire of Mundaring
Shire of Kalamunda
City of Belmont
City of Gosnells
City of Armadale
Shire of York
Shire of Beverley
Shire of Wandering
Perth Metropolitan
|125|

supplying the Metro East 22kV Planning Cluster
for 2011 is 301MW. The combined capacity of
the zone substations is adequate to support
the forecast growth for the Planning Cluster
however, forecasts indicate that there are
capacity constraints at Midland Junction
substation within the next 3 to 5 years. The
distribution voltage in this cluster is 22kV,
distribution network.
Major supply issues in this area are the thermal
and voltage constraints of existing distribution
feeder assets. Feeder exit cable derating
that is caused by feeder cable congestion at
Darlington, Kalamunda and Midland Junction
substations. This issue does not exist at
newly established Forrestfield and Hazelmere
substations, due to improved designs to feeder
routes from these substations.
In terms of voltage constraint, feeders from

Sawyer Valley and Darlington Substations have
long distribution overhead networks, capacitor
banks and voltage regulators are required to
provide voltage support.
Currently long-term strategies are being reviewed
to improve the capacity constraints on the
distribution network and at the zone substation
level, such as Midland Junction, in a timely
manner. This strategy may involve replacing
existing transformers at Midland Junction
substation, or the installation of additional
power transformers at existing substations, or
establishing a new zone substation. The resulting
strategy will add power transformer capacity to
this Planning Cluster, which is currently forecast
to be exceeded after 2020.
(2012), after the installation of the Sawyers
Valley transformer, will be 319MW.
TABLE 828: METRO EAST 22kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Sawyers Valley feeder

reconductoring with HV
ABC in pre-identified
bushfire areas
Provide additional distribution

capacity as well as improve network
reliability in affected areas.
Sawyers
Valley,
Parkerville
and Stoneville
End 2010
Sawyers Valley
Establish 132/22kV
power transformer and
a new feeder
Reduce thermal and voltage

constraints on existing Sawyers Valley
feeder and establish capacity to meet
future needs. Reliability improvement
from shorter feeders.
Chidlow, Mt
Helena and
Wooroloo
Mid 2011
|126|
8.2 COUNTRY PLANNING REGION

FIGURE 8-17: COUNTRY PLANNING REGION
Kalbarri
Geraldton
Three Springs
Eneabba
Moora
Kalgoorlie
Southern Cross
LEGEND
Merredin
Country Towns
Northam
Country North
Country South
Country East
Country Goldfields
Pinjarra
Lake Grace
Bunbury
Wagin
Ravensthorpe
Busselton
Manjimup
N
Albany

SYSTEM (SWIS)
|127|
The Country Planning Region extends as far

north as Kalbarri, as far south as Albany and
east to Kalgoorlie. This Region is divided
into four smaller Planning Regions defined
geographically as Country North, Country
South, Country East and Country Goldfields.
The Country Planning Region consists
of a mixture of rural and urban networks.
Overhead distribution networks dominate, with
underground networks generally only found
in the urban town centres. However, all new
residential and commercial subdivisions must
incorporate underground construction.
The overhead rural networks tend to be
long feeders with voltage constraints, which
sometimes have reliability issues due to
exposure to environmental conditions.
The underground networks and overhead
networks within the urban areas (of the
country region) experience thermal constraints
which may impinge on load growth and
new developments. This is compounded by
restrictions on feeders exit cable ratings caused
by feeder congestion around some substations.
|128|
8.2.1 COUNTRY NORTH PLANNING REGION

FIGURE 8-18: COUNTRY NORTH PLANNING REGION
Note : Kalbarri townsite is

supplied at 6.6kV
Kalbarri
NORTHAMPTON
CHAPMAN
VALLEY
YALGOO
CITY OF GERALDTON
MULLEWA
Chapman
Durlacher
Geraldton
Rangeway
GREENOUGH
MORAWA
MINGENEW
IRWIN
Three Springs
SANDSTONE
PERENJORI
THREE
SPRINGS
MENZIES
CARNAMAH
Eneabba
LEGEND
YILGARN
MOUNT MARSHALL
COOROW
DALWALLINU
Zone Substations
LGA
6.6kV
DANDARAGAN
MOORA
Moora
WONGAN-BALLIDU
11kV
KOORDA
33kV
Regans
VICTORIA PLAINS
DOWERIN
GOOMALLING
GINGIN
CHITTERING

SYSTEM (SWIS)
|129|
The Country North region extends from the

outer Perth metropolitan region (which includes
Pinjar and Muchea) northwards to Kalbarri.
The load region also extends into the northern
areas of the Wheatbelt, around 150 km east
of the coast. There are currently seven zone
substations feeding the Country North sector.
Two voltage systems, 33kV and 11kV, are used
to distribute electricity in this sector to local
transformers, which step down to low voltage
for consumer use.
In general, the networks supplying the Country
North Region are radial, rural overhead
powerlines. There are three distinct parts to the
Country North sector.
The Northern Wheatbelt area is characterised
by long, lightly loaded overhead networks.
The loads supplied are, in general, small and
dispersed for broad acre agricultural purposes.
The exception is the supplies to the towns of
Moora and Three Springs, which are shorter and
more heavily loaded rural networks.
The coastal area, which includes some of the
Batavia coast is also characterised by long,
lightly loaded overhead networks. A large
proportion of users are relatively small and
dispersed for broad acre agricultural purposes.
The towns of Cervantes, Jurien Bay,
Eneabba and Dongara are supplied via shorter rural

networks that are more heavily loaded than the rest
of the area. There is also some larger industry in this
area, which includes mining loads around Eneabba.
The Geraldton-Greenough area has moderate load
density. The majority of the networks are overhead,
the exception being the newer 11kV networks in
Geraldton. The networks supply residential and
industry loads, which are driven by horticulture,
fishing, port, mining and tourism activity in the
area. The loads are generally summer peaking
with the peak being driven by water pumping, air
conditioning or cool storage.
8.2.1.1 COUNTRY NORTH 33kV - PLANNING
CLUSTER
Generally, the 33kV network in Country North
supplies a range of mining and industrial loads,
as well as many rural centres. Development has
plateaued over the past year, possibly due to the
impact of the global financial crisis.
Major developments expected to impact the sector
include:
completion of the Indian Ocean Drive opened in
October 2010;
Oakajee Port development; and
Mid West Energy Project (MWEP).
TABLE 829: COUNTRY NORTH 33kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Geraldton
Moora
Three Springs
Regans
Eneabba
Kalbarri18
Shire of Chapman Valley

Shire of Dandaragan
Shire of Dalwallinu
Shire of Dowerin
Shire of Goomalling
Shire of Greenough
Shire of Irwin
Shire of Koorda
Shire of Mingenew
Shire of Moora
Shire or Morawa
Shire of Mullewa
Shire of Northampton
Shire of Perenjori
Shire of Three Springs
Shire of Gingin
Shire of Chittering
Shire of Carnamah
Shire of Coorow
Mid West
Wheatbelt
18 Kalbarri substation is supplied via 33kV distribution network and is stepped down to 6.6kV for local town site distribution.
|130|

substations supplying the Country North
33kV cluster is 202MW. Based on the current
underlying growth forecast, sufficient capacity is
available for the next 10 years. The distribution
voltage in this cluster is 33kV, predominantly
with overhead networks. Load transfer between
zone substations in Country North is limited
by voltage regulation constraints and few
interconnections between the long radial
distribution powerlines.
The areas under study for capacity

reinforcements in the 33kV Country North
sector are currently in the Northampton to
Kalbarri region. These areas are subject to
voltage constraints. Current proposals are to
install a new device called a Static Synchronous
Compensator (STATCOM) on both the Kalbarri
and Northampton feeder by the end of 2012 and
2013, respectively. These proposals are being
progressed through the planning stages and are
subject to approval.
Where practical to do so, Western Power has

extended three phase powerlines and installed
switches to allow interconnection. However, a
large portion of customers are fed from single
phase rural distribution lines. These spurs were
specifically designed for farming type electricity
demand. Any significant block loads (such as
grain handling facilities and processing plants)
require significant reinforcement works such as
the extension of three phase powerlines.
Opportunities for non-network solutions, such

as DSM and distributed generation, have been
considered as alternative options, but have
limited application at this stage. The viability
of non-network solutions is largely dependent
on the underlying growth of the feeder, types
of loads (such as industrial and commercial)
and risk to network security. For a non-network
alternative to be the preferred solution it must
also deliver a lower cost outcome to the network
alternative.
The 33kV network is constrained by voltage

capacity rather than the thermal capacity of
existing powerlines. This is due to the relatively
large distances required to transfer power from
zone substations to supply customers.
Generally, the 33kV network in Country North
has adequate capacity to supply the forecast
natural load growth. The areas which currently
have limited spare capacity are situated north of
Geraldton in the Northampton to Kalbarri region.
8.2.1.2 COUNTRY NORTH 11kV - PLANNING

CLUSTER
Load density in the Geraldton Greenough area
is moderate due to residential and commercial
loads in the city of Geraldton. The distribution
networks through the city of Geraldton consist
of three phase 11kV feeders. The primary
constraint on the 11kV network is thermal
capacity.
TABLE 830: COUNTRY NORTH 33kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Install a voltage
regulator on the
Leeman feeder
Provide additional capacity to

accommodate load growth by
improving the feeder voltage
regulation.
Leeman
End of 2010
Install isolation
transformers on the
Dandaragan, Eneabba
and Latham feeders
Provide additional capacity and

improve power quality by addressing
load imbalance.
Dandaragan,
Eneabba and
Latham
Mid 2011
TABLE 831: COUNTRY NORTH 11kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Chapman
Durlacher
Rangeway
City of Geraldton
Shire of Greenough
Mid West
|131|
Generally, the 11kV network in Geraldton

Greenough has seen moderate growth with
several residential and commercial applications
over the past year.
Major developments expected to impact the
sector include:
Geraldton Port Authority development; and
Asia Iron ore handling facility near the port.
substations supplying the Country North 11kV
cluster is 138MW and, based on the current
underlying growth forecast, sufficient capacity
is available for the next 10 years.
Firm capacity is available from Rangeway and
Chapman zone substations. Durlacher zone
substation is approaching its firm capacity limit.
Western Power has recently installed additional
power transformers at the Rangeway and
Chapman zone substations. With port activities
likely to increase load demand, a strategy
to supply future significant block loads may
include an additional zone substation.
There is limited distribution transfer capability

between the 11kV zone substations. This is
mainly limited by thermal capacity constraints
and feeder interconnectability. Transfer
capability is mainly reserved for fault conditions
to restore power and minimise feeder outage
times.
Generally, the 11kV networks in Country North
have adequate capacity to supply the forecast
natural load growth. The current areas with
limited capacity are the areas of Spalding,
Webberton, Bluff Point and Beresford. However,
Western Power has committed projects to
provide capacity to meet the forecast load
growth.
The areas under study for capacity
reinforcements in Country North include
the suburbs of Point Moore and Rangeway.
Although there is no existing capacity problem
on the local high voltage distribution network, it
is likely that reinforcement works will be required
to meet the future load growth in the next five
years. These proposals are being progressed
through the planning stages and have yet to
gain approval.
TABLE 832: COUNTRY NORTH 11kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Install a new feeder to

Strathalbyn area and
balance existing feeder
loadings

accommodate load growth and
recent developments.
Webberton and
Strathalbyn
End of 2010
Install new feeder to

Beresford area and
balance existing feeder
loadings

recent developments.
Bluff Point and

Beresford
End of 2010
|132|
8.2.2 COUNTRY SOUTH PLANNING REGION

FIGURE 8-19: COUNTRY SOUTH PLANNING REGION
BEVERLEY
BROOKTON
CORRIGIN
KONDININ
DUNDAS
PINGELLY
WANDERING
MURRAY
Coolup
KULIN
CUBALLING
Boddington
BODDINGTON
WAROONA
WICKEPIN
Wagerup
Narrogin
NARROGIN
HARVEY
Marriott Road
WEST ARTHUR
CAPEL
Capel
WOODANILLING
DONNYBROOKBALINGUP
KENT
KATANNING
RAVENSTHORPE
Katanning
BUSSELTON
Kojonup
BOYUP BROOK
AUGUSTAMARGARET RIVER
DUMBLEYUNG
Wagin
Collie
Picton
DARDANUP
BROOMEHILL
Bridgetown
Margaret River
ESPERANCE
WAGIN
COLLIE
Bunbury Harbour
Busselton
LAKE GRACE
WILLIAMS
BRIDGETOWNGREENBUSHES
GNOWANGERUP
KOJONUP
JERRAMUNGUP
TAMBELLUP
NANNUP
Beenup
Manjimup
CRANBROOK
MANJIMUP
PLANTAGENET
Mount Barker
LEGEND
ALBANY
Zone Substations
DENMARK
Albany
LGA
22kV
33kV

SYSTEM (SWIS)
|133|
In general, the networks supplying the Country

South Region are radial, rural overhead
powerlines. There are two defined study areas
within the Country South Region. These are:
The Great Southern Study Area which,

generally supplies broad acre low density
networks and is geographically located to the
east of the South West Study Area.
The South West Study Area, supplying large

urban centres of the coastal region from
Pinjarra in the north to Augusta in the south,
as well as moderate density loads driven by
horticulture, viticulture, tourism with some
larger industry and mining loads; and
All substation feeder exits in this region are

22kV. However, as shown in the map above,
voltage in the Eastern section of the Great
Southern Study Area is stepped up to 33kV.
8.2.2.1 COUNTRY SOUTH 22kV - PLANNING CLUSTER

TABLE 833: COUNTRY SOUTH 22kV STUDY AREAS, ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
South West Study Area:

Beenup
Bunbury Harbour
Busselton
Bridgetown
Capel
Collie
Coolup
Margaret River
Marriott Rd
Manjimup
Picton
Wagerup
Great Southern Study Area:

Albany
Katanning
Kojonup
Mt Barker
Narrogin
Wagin
Boddington
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Shire of Augusta-Margaret River

Shire of Boyup Brook
Shire of Bridgetown-Greenbushes
City of Bunbury
Shire of Busselton
Shire of Capel
Shire of Collie
Shire of Dardanup
Shire of Donnybrook-Balingup
Shire of Harvey
Shire of Manjimup
Shire of Nannup
Shire of Waroona
Shire of Murray
South West
City of Albany
Shire of Beverly
Shire of Broomehill
Shire of Boddington
Shire of Cranbrook
Shire of Denmark
Shire of Gnowangerup
Shire of Katanning
Shire of Kent
Shire of Kojonup
Shire of Plantagenet
Shire of Tambellup
Shire of Manjimup (Walpole)
Shire of Woodanilling
Shire of Brookton
Shire of Cuballing
Shire of Dumbleyung
Narrogin (Shire of)
Narrogin (Town of)
Shire of Pingelly
Shire of Wagin
Shire of Wandering
Shire of West Arthur
Shire of Wickepin
Shire of Williams
Great Southern
|134|
8.2.2.2 COUNTRY SOUTH 22kV SOUTH WEST

STUDY AREA
The South West Study Area has moderate load
density for rural feeders and moderately strong
but heavily loaded ageing rural feeders. The
majority of the networks are overhead. The
networks supply moderately sized towns, some
industry, horticulture, viticulture and tourist
industry with some small mining activities.
The loads are generally summer peaking with
the peak being driven by water pumping, air
conditioning or cool storage.
The capacity of the Study Area substations is
380MW. Overall, substation capacity is sufficient
to meet the load forecast for the next 10 years.
Within this study area, interconnections exist
between the substations that supply Bunbury
and its surrounds. However, there are thermal
capacity constraints on the distribution
network which limit the ability to utilise the
interconnections to transfer significant portions
of load between Bunbury Harbor and Marriott
Road substations.
There is potential for significant load transfer
between Picton and Bunbury Harbour
substations. However, before the majority of
this transfer can proceed, augmentation is
required at Picton 22kV busbar and shorter
22kV cables will need to be installed, along with
switchgear to enable the transfer across the
local distribution network. This option is being
considered in order to defer the establishment of
another zone substation in the City of Bunbury.
There is minimal transfer capability between the
following pairs of substations:
Wagerup and Marriott Rd;
Capel and Picton;
Capel and Busselton; and
Busselton and Margaret River.
This is due to the distance, loading level and
strength of the distribution networks in this
study area.
There is no transfer capability with any of the

other substations, which include Beenup, Collie,
Bridgetown and Manjimup.
Voltage regulation is the major issue for
provision of capacity in this Study Area. This is
due to the distances of the load from the fairly
dispersed zone substations located in the South
West study area.
Load imbalance issues impact on both power
quality and capacity within this Study Area.
Over the next 3 to 5 years, there is significant
work required to rectify overloaded single phase
spurs, thereby addressing imbalance issues.
The preferred solution involves reconfiguring
the spurs and installing isolation transformers,
which assist in balancing the single phase
loads. This reduces the likelihood of inadvertent
power supply interruptions due to conditions
which appear similar to a fault.
Strong load demand growth due to urban
developments in and around Bunbury
and Busselton are driving reinforcement
requirements in both of these areas. Moderate
load demand growth continues along the
coast of the Study Area with some minor future
augmentation required. The rest of the Study
Area has low load demand growth levels and
reinforcement activity is generally driven by
customer bulk loads.
Capacity issues currently exist in a number
of locations within the Study Area. There are
significant voltage capacity constraints in
Pemberton, Eaton and Australind which are the
focus for some of the committed reinforcement
projects for the next year. In addition, localised
capacity issues exist on single phase spurs,
mostly in the Busselton and Margaret River
area, which impact on the power quality of
customers attached to the feeders to which
these spurs are connected. These overloaded
single phase spurs have been prioritised for
reinforcement as outlined in the committed
projects list below.
|135|
TABLE 834: COUNTRY SOUTH 22kV SOUTH WEST STUDY AREA COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Pemberton regulator

accommodate future load growth
in the town as well as surrounding
horticultural and dairy industry.
Pemberton town
and surrounds.
End 2011
Margaret River &

Beenup isolation
transformers

single phase spurs connected to
the Margaret River and Beenup
Substations.
Margaret River
to Augusta
localised capacity
improvements
End 2011
Eaton Australind
isolation transformers

load imbalance.
Australind
Mid 2011
Bramley River Rd &

Caves Rd three phase
extension
Provide additional capacity by

replacing overloaded isolation
transformers on two large spurs.
Margaret River
End 2011
Eaton & Australind

reinforcement

accommodate future load growth
and recent developments.
Eaton and
Australind
Mid 2012
Nannup NP 266 spur

upgrade to three-phase

accommodate load growth on the
NP266 spur.
Nannup
End 2011
Donnybrook imbalance

load imbalance.
Donnybrook
End 2012
Busselton & Ludlow 3

phase extension

accommodate future load growth.
Busselton CBD
precinct
End 2012
In the medium-term, capacity augmentation

will continue to be required for the higher
growth areas around Bunbury and Busselton.
Reinforcement will also be required in some of
the moderate growth areas such as Augusta
town where the distance from the substation
causes voltage regulation issues.
Over the next five years, a number of overloaded
single phase spurs will require reinforcement
to ensure power quality and local capacity is
maintained.
8.2.2.3 COUNTRY SOUTH 22kV GREAT
SOUTHERN STUDY AREA
The majority of the distribution network in this
Study Area is characterised by long, lightly
loaded overhead lines. The associated load
profiles are generally small, dispersed and for
broad acre agricultural purposes.
The exception to this is the networks supplying

the larger towns of Albany, Katanning, Narrogin
and Kojonup, as well as the coastal strip from
Albany to Walpole which are shorter and more
heavily loaded.
The combined capacity of this Study Area is
215MW. Interconnections exist between the
zone substations however, capacity constraints
on the distribution network limit the ability for
load transfer. For example, the reconfiguration
of the distribution network to utilise the surplus
capacity available at Mount Barker substation
is not optimal to resolve the capacity issues
at Albany. This is due to the long distance
(57 km) between these substations. Western
Power is refreshing the long-term strategy to
resolve this constraint, which may involve DSM
or establishing a new substation closer to the
origin of the load.
|136|
The majority of load growth in this Study Area

has been centred around the City of Albany
and along the south coast between Albany
and Walpole. Steady load growth is expected
to continue and therefore it is envisaged that
incremental reinforcement to the network will
be required. Elsewhere the load growth has
been minimal, meaning that any associated
augmentation to the distribution network has
been driven by significant block loads.
The long radial distribution networks in this
Study Area were not originally designed to
cater for load types above normal broad acre
rural supply. This has become apparent in the
changing characteristic of load in areas such
as Boddington where increased activity due to
local mining has occurred, as well as Denmark
and Walpole, where more load intensive
viticulture and tourism-based industries have
impacted the distribution networks.
Over the next five years, further reinforcement of
the distribution network that supplies Denmark
to Walpole will be required in order to meet the
forecast demand. Ultimately, this will include
an additional distribution feeder however, it is
likely that deferral of this feeder will be possible
via the use of reactive power support along with
demand management and the more traditional
application of voltage regulators. It should be
noted that any significant bulk load that connects
to this section of the distribution network is likely
to initiate customer funded reinforcement.
Opportunities exist for non-network solutions
such as DSM and improved power efficiency
programs for Denmark and Walpole. Also, nontraditional methods of increasing capacity, such
as smart grid networks and fast acting reactive
power devices (such as STATCOMs) are being
considered as options for the networks which
are being studied.
8.2.2.4 COUNTRY SOUTH 33kV - PLANNING

CLUSTER
This voltage cluster supplies the eastern section
of the region. Due to the extremely long lightly
loaded distribution networks the supply voltage
(and thus the capacity) has been increased from
22kV to 33kV at four distribution substations.
These are: Dumbleyung (from Wagin zone
substation), Badgebup (from Katanning zone
substation), Gnowangerup (from Katanning zone
substation) and Green Range (from Albany zone
substation).
The long radial distribution networks in this
voltage cluster were not originally designed to
cater for load types above normal broad acre
rural supply. This has become apparent in the
changing characteristic of load in areas such
as Ravensthorpe, which has seen an increase
in activity due to local mining, and Bremer
Bay, which has experienced growth due to its
popularity as a tourist destination and through
increases in abalone farming.
Opportunities exist for non-network solutions
such as DSM and improved power efficiency
programs for Ravensthorpe. Also, nontraditional methods of increasing capacity, such
as smart grid networks and fast acting reactive
power devices (such as STATCOMs) are being
considered as options for the networks which
are being studied.
Edge of grid power stations also present
opportunities to increase capacity as well as
address reliability problems experienced by
communities located at the end of long radial
feeders. Temporary power stations have been
deployed to locations such as Ravensthorpe
and Bremer Bay. Western Power is evaluating
the cost and benefits from these trials to
develop and recommend a longer term option
for edge of grid communities.
TABLE 835: COUNTRY SOUTH 22kV GREAT SOUTHERN STUDY AREA COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Waterfront feeder

improve network security.
Albany CBD and

Port precinct
Mid 2011
AREA
BY WHEN
TABLE 836: COUNTRY SOUTH 33kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
There are no
this planning cluster.
|137|
8.2.3 COUNTRY EAST PLANNING REGION

FIGURE 8-20: COUNTRY EAST PLANNING REGION
MENZIES
MOUNT MARSHALL
MUKINBUDIN
KOORDA
WESTONIA
VICTORIA PLAINS
WYALKATCHEM
YILGARN
TRAYNING
NUNGARIN
Southern Cross
DOWERIN
GOOMALLING
CHITTERING
TOODYAY
CUNDERDIN
KELLERBERRIN
COOLGARDIE
Merredin
NORTHAM
Northam
SWAN
TAMMIN
Yilgarn
Carrabin
MERREDIN
Cunderdin
Kellerberrin
Wundowie
YORK
MUNDARING
BRUCE ROCK
QUAIRADING
NAREMBEEN
Bounty
BEVERLEY
DUNDAS
CORRIGIN
KONDININ
Kondinin
LEGEND
Zone Substations
KULIN
WICKEPIN
LAKE GRACE
LGA
22kV
33kV
DUMBLEYUNG

SYSTEM (SWIS)
|138|
The Country East Region predominantly

covers the Wheatbelt to the east of the Perth
metropolitan area. The region is defined by
Wundowie in the west, Coolgardie in the east,
Mount Marshal in the north and Lake Grace
in the south. The load demand is a mixture of
general agriculture and water pumping. There
are also residential, commercial and light
industrial loads in towns such as Northam,
Kellerberrin, Cunderdin, Merredin and Kondinin.
Mining loads also exist in and around the
locality of Southern Cross.
Load density in the Country East Region is
relatively low, therefore the powerlines have
been designed with a lower level of current
carrying capacity. However, the primary
constraint in the region is voltage regulation (due
to the long radial nature of the local distribution
networks).
There are 10 substations which supply the
Country East region at either 22kV or 33kV.
8.2.3.1 COUNTRY EAST 22kV - PLANNING

CLUSTER
The distribution network tends to follow the
agricultural boundaries. The powerlines tend
to concentrate west of Merredin due to the
prominence of the agricultural load. There
has not been a need to build significant new
infrastructure, as there has been minimal
agricultural development in the cluster over the
past five years.
substations supplying this cluster is 105MW
and based on the current underlying growth
forecast, sufficient capacity is available for the
next 10 years.
Load transfer in this cluster is restricted by
voltage regulation and limited interconnections
between the long radial distribution powerlines.
This is typical of most rural feeders. Where
practical to do so, Western Power has extended
three phase powerlines and installed switches
to allow interconnection. For safety reasons,
Western Power does not generally interconnect
single phase lines.
TABLE 837: COUNTRY EAST 22kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Carrabin
Cunderdin
Kellerberrin
Merredin
Northam
Wundowie
Shire of Beverley
Shire of Bruce Rock
Shire of Cunderdin
Shire of Dowerin
Shire of Goomalling
Shire of Kellerberrin
Shire of Koorda
Shire of Merredin
Shire of Mt Marshall
Shire of Mukinbudin
Shire of Mundaring
Shire of Northam
Town of Northam
Shire of Nungarin
Shire of Quairading
Shire of Tammin
Shire of Toodyay
Shire of Trayning
Shire of Westonia
Shire of Wyalkatchem
Shire of York
Shire of Yilgarn
Wheatbelt
|139|
A large portion of customers are supplied off

single phase rural distribution lines. These
spurs were specifically designed for farming
type electricity demand. Significant block loads
such as grain handling facilities and processing
plants often require major reinforcement and
extension of three phase powerlines.
The strategy for reducing phase imbalance in

this cluster involves the following methods:
Generally, the distribution networks within this

cluster are robust. However, the distribution
feeders to Goomalling and Bakers Hill will be
reaching voltage limits within the next couple of
years, as the load growth is comparatively high.
In anticipation, two projects have been created
to install new voltage regulators on the feeder
backbone. This will enhance the voltage profile
and the capacity of the distribution networks.
Some supply areas have been identified as

having potential voltage constraints over the
next five years. Load forecasts suggest that
the demand in these areas may exceed the
distribution voltage capacity. A potential option
is to install voltage regulators on those feeder
backbones to address these constraints.
There are presently no major thermal constraints

within this cluster. However, there are a few
minor issues on some of the single phase spurs
connected to the feeder backbone. As the
loads on individual single phase spurs grow, the
phase imbalance is approaching a point where
augmentation will be required to balance the
loads on each phase and reduce the neutral
currents.
conversion of existing single phase spurs into

two phases or three phases; or
install an isolation transformer at the beginning
of the heavily loaded single phase spurs.
In addition to the voltage constraints, it is

anticipated that load growth in localities such as
York, Toodyay and Nungarin will cause feeders
in this cluster to approach thermal capacity
limits over the next few years. Western Power
is monitoring the cluster and further studies are
being performed to determine prudent options
to meet forecast load growth.
TABLE 838: COUNTRY EAST 22kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Isolation transformers
for Country East
Ease load imbalance on heavily

loaded spur lines.
Bakers Hill, York

and Quairading
Mid 2011
Bakers Hill three phase

conversion
Re-balance load, provide 3-phase

power and increase capacity.
Bakers Hill and

surrounding area
Mid 2011
Minnivale regulator
Goomalling feeder load
transfer
Capacity is limited on Goomalling

feeder due to voltage drop. These
works will improve voltage profile
and increase capacity.
Goomalling and
surrounding areas
End 2010
Bakers Hill regulator
Improve voltage profile and increase

capacity.
Bakers Hill and

surrounding area
End 2010
Hyden regulator
Improve voltage profile and increase

capacity.
Hyden and
surrounding area
End 2011
York feeder extension

and load transfer
Re-distribute load from heavily

loaded spurs to increase capacity
for new loads.
York and
surrounding area
Mid 2010
|140|
8.2.3.2 COUNTRY EAST 33kV - PLANNING CLUSTER

TABLE 839: COUNTRY EAST 33kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Bounty
Kondinin
Southern Cross
Yilgarn
Shire of Bruce Rock

Shire of Corrigin
Shire of Coolgardie
Shire of Dundas
Shire of Dumbleyung
Shire of Kondinin
Shire of Kulin
Shire of Lake Grace
Shire of Mukinbudin
Shire of Narembeen
Shire of Nungarin
Shire of Westonia
Shire of Wickepin
Shire of Yilgarn
Wheatbelt
TABLE 840: COUNTRY EAST 33kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN

projects in this planning cluster.
Mining and water pumping station loads are

more prominent east of Merredin. Recent
infrastructure reinforcements within this cluster
have been minimal, as the load demand has
remained steady.
substations supplying this cluster is 85MW
next 10 years.
Load transfer in this cluster is restricted by
voltage regulation and limited interconnections
between the long radial distribution powerlines.
This is typical of most rural feeders. Where
practical to do so, Western Power has extended
three phase powerlines and installed switches to
allow interconnection.
For safety reasons, Western Power does not

generally interconnect single phase lines.
A large portion of customers are supplied off
single phase rural distribution lines. These
spurs were specifically designed for farming
type electricity demand. Significant block loads
such as grain handling facilities and processing
plants often require major reinforcement and
extension of three phase powerlines.
Considering the natural load growth within this
cluster, there are no requirements for distribution
network reinforcements, and therefore no
committed projects are currently listed.
Areas under planning investigation include
Corrigin and Narembeen. Load levels are being
studied to assess the likelihood of overloaded
spurs in the next 2 to 5 years.
|141|
8.2.4 COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS PLANNING REGION

FIGURE 8-21: COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS PLANNING REGION
MENZIES
YILGARN
Black Flag
Piccadilly
West Kalgoorlie Terminal
Boulder
LEGEND
KALGOORLIE-BOULDER
Zone Substations
LGA
COOLGARDIE
11kV
33kV
YILGARN
DUNDAS

SYSTEM (SWIS)
|142|
The Country Goldfields region consists

predominately of mining loads in the vicinity
of Orabanda, Blackflag, Kanowna, Boulder,
Coolgardie and towards Kambalda. The region
also includes the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder,
which has mainly residential load but with
pockets of commercial and light industrial load.
There are currently five zone substations feeding
the Goldfields region. Two distribution voltage
levels, 11kV (for the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder)
and 33kV (mainly for mining customers), are used
to reticulate electricity throughout the region.
The region is connected to the SWIS, being
the main electric energy supply source, by a
radial 220kV transmission line, which is then
stepped down to 132kV for supply to the
zone substations. The major constraint on
the Country Goldfields network is the transfer
capability of the existing 220kV transmission
line from Muja to Kalgoorlie. Within the next five
years, it is anticipated that a solution involving
NCS via local generation or DSM options will
be in place to address the 220kV power transfer
constraints. New customers applying for (or
existing customers upgrading to) greater than
3MW in the Country Goldfields Region are
required to make provisions for load shedding of
that part of their demand which is greater than
3MW. This approach seeks to ensure sufficient
NCS capability would be available if required
to address the 220kV transmission constraint,
while a long-term network solution is developed.
8.2.4.1 COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS 11kV PLANNING CLUSTER

Load growth in the KalgoorlieBoulder area
fluctuates as the local economy is largely
dependent on the mining industry. The
commodities sector boom has contributed
to significant growth in the last decade. The
distribution networks in the City of KalgoorlieBoulder are relatively robust, with very few
capacity constraints at this point in time.
substations supplying this cluster is 84MW,
next 10 years.
Load transfers between the 11kV networks
of West Kalgoorlie Terminal and Piccadilly
substations is viable, but is limited by the
thermal ratings of the feeder cables exiting
Piccadilly substation. Due to separation,
Western Mining Kambaldas 11kV feeders
are not interconnected with the other 11kV
distribution networks within the region.
Apart from the feeder exit cables at Piccadilly
substation, there are currently no major
thermal or voltage capacity constraint issues
on the distribution networks within this cluster.
Reinforcement of the 11kV distribution networks
is sporadic and normally driven by specific
mining and industrial block loads.
Looking forward over the next five years,
based on load growth forecasts, a small
number of thermal constraints may arise on
the 11kV distribution network within the City of
Kalgoorlie-Boulder. Load transfers to adjacent
lightly loaded feeders will be the most efficient
way to resolve these issues.
TABLE 841: COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS 11kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Piccadilly
West Kalgoorlie Terminal 11kV
City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder
Shire of Coolgardie
(Kambalda)
Goldfields-Esperance
TABLE 842: COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS 11kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
Replacement of feeder
exit cables out of
Piccadilly Substation
Provide additional capacity on the

Lionel West and Piccadilly South
networks to accommodate load
growth and recent developments.
Boulder and
central Kalgoorlie
Mid 2012
|143|
8.2.4.2 COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS 33kV - PLANNING CLUSTER

TABLE 843: COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS 33kV ZONE SUBSTATION, LGA AND REGION
ZONE SUBSTATIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPMENT REGION
Black Flag
Boulder
West Kalgoorlie Terminal 33kV
Shire of Coolgardie
Shire of Kalgoorlie-Boulder
Shire of Menzies
Goldfields-Esperance
TABLE 844: COUNTRY GOLDFIELDS 33kV COMMITTED PROJECTS
PROJECT
BENEFIT
AREA
BY WHEN
There are no
this planning cluster.
The feeders in this cluster are predominately

mining feeders. There are very few constraints
imposed on natural load growth. However,
new mining loads are generally significant
and require major reinforcement. These are
determined on a case-by-case basis. Additional
mining loads are required to queue for
connection to the network. Significant capital
contributions are often required upfront to
underwrite large investments in the distribution
network.
substations supplying the Country Goldfields
33kV cluster is 137MW and, based on the
current underlying growth, has sufficient
capacity available for the next 10 years.
Interconnection exists between West Kalgoorlie
Terminal and Boulder Substation but this
is limited by the thermal rating of the 33kV
distribution powerline.
Considering the natural load growth within

this cluster, there are no requirements for
distribution network reinforcements and
therefore no committed projects are currently
listed. However any proposed significant
block load north of Kalgoorlie will likely trigger
the requirement for installation of a third
transformer at Black Flag zone substation. All
other reinforcement for new mining loads will be
determined on a case-by-case basis.
|144|
APPENDIX A
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
Access Code
Electricity Networks Access Code 2004
APR
Transmission and Distribution Annual Planning Report
CBD
Central Business District
Coincident
Load value on a substation that is at a maximum when other substations in a

group or the network have a maximum value.
CPT
Carbon Price Trajectory
Declared Sent
Out Capacity
Maximum amount of power that a generator has contracted with Western

Power to export to the network
DEC
Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia)
DEWHA /
DSEWPC
Formerly: Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts

(Commonwealth)
Currently: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and
Communities (Commonwealth)
Diversified Region
Peak Forecast
Load at a location as a proportion of sum of all loads connected to a common

supply point for the peak within a region.
Diversified
System Peak
Load at a location as a proportion of sum of all loads connected to a common

supply point for the peak within the power system.
DLC
Direct Load Control
DNSP
Distribution network service provider
DRD
Department of Regional Development (Western Australia)
DSM
Demand Side Management
Energy Safety
Part of Department of Commerce
EPA
Environmental Protection Authority (Western Australia)
EP Act
Western Australian Environmental Protection Act 1986.
EPBC Act
Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
ERA
Economic Regulation Authority (Western Australia)
Firm capacity
A substation designed to the N-1 reliability criteria must be capable of

withstanding the loss of any single transmission plant item comprising the
substation transformer circuits at any load level without loss of load
HVAC trial
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning trial
HVDC
High Voltage Direct Current transmission power system
IMO
Independent Market Operator (Western Australia)
IGCC
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
IPP
Independent power producers
kA
Kilo Amperes (measure of electrical current)
kV
Kilo Volts (measure of electrical potential)
LGA
Local Government Authority
LNG
Liquefied Natural Gas
MVA
Mega Volt Ampere (measure of electrical demand)
|145|
MW
Mega Watts (measure of the active component of electrical demand)
MWEP
Mid West Energy Project
N0
For a substation to be designed to N-0 reliability criteria means all load

supplied by the substation may be lost as the result of an outage on any
single transmission plant item comprising the substation. The capacity is
defined as the total installed capacity.
N1
For a substation to be designed to N-1 reliability criteria means all load supplied
by the substation after loss of the largest transformer or item of plant.
N2
N-2 criteria means the consequences of the coincidence of one planned and
one unplanned outage of transmission elements at or below 80% of peak load
will normally result in supply being maintained without loss of load provided
generation is rescheduled prior to the second outage.
NCR Criteria
A zone substation designed to the NCR reliability criteria allows for the loss
of an amount of load equivalent to a transformers pre-outage loading at
any load level ensuring the outage of any single transmission plant item
comprising the substation transformer circuits. Loss of load is permitted for
the period required to install the Rapid Response Spare Transformer (RRST)
NCS
Network Control Services
NFIT
New Facilities Investment Test
Non-coincident
Load value on a substation that is not a maximum when other substations in a

group or the network have a maximum value.
Non-Diversified
Region Peak
Forecast
Maximum load at a location as a proportion of sum of all loads connected to a

common supply point for the peak within a region.
Non-Diversified
System Peak
Maximum load at a location as a proportion of sum of all loads connected to a

common supply point for the peak within the power system.
OoE
Office of Energy (Western Australia)
PoEn
Probability of Exceedence n% - percentage of time that a future measured

value will be greater than the forecast value; PoE10 means that the forecast
value could be expected to be less than a measured value for less than every
1 in 10 years (forecast interval).
PPG
Power Procurement Generator
SAIDI
System Average Interruption Duration Index
SDP
Strategic Development Plan developed by Western Power to meet its

obligation under Section 88 of the Electricity Corporations Act 2005.
SECWA
State Energy Commission of Western Australia
SOO
Statement of Opportunities Report, as published by IMO
SPS
Standalone Power System
STATCOM
Static Synchronous Compensator
SVC
Static VAR Compensator
SWIS
South-West Interconnected System
Technical Rules
Administered by the ERA define network planning criteria and technical

requirements for plant connected to the network.
TNSP
Transmission Network Service Provider
WEM
Wholesale Electricity Market
|146|
APPENDIX B
CROSS REFERENCE OF DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT, LGA, WESTERN POWER REGION
Source: Appendix 4 Local Government Areas by Region in Indicators of Regional Development
in Western Australia for Department of Local Government and Regional Development, 2003 from
Department of Regional Development and Lands website August 2010.
Note:
Only those Department of Regional Development (DRD) Regions that are supplied by Western
Powers SWIS are listed in the table below.
LGAs highlighted in the table are part of the DRD Region but are not supplied by Western Powers
SWIS.
Cross Reference of Department of Planning, Local Government Authority and Western Power
Region / Sector / Cluster.
DRD REGIONS
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS

BY DRD REGION
WESTERN POWER PLANNING REGION / SECTOR

/ CLUSTER
GoldfieldsEsperance
Coolgardie (S)
Country Goldfields 33kV
Dundas (S)
Esperance (S)
Kalgoorlie/Boulder (C)
Country Goldfields 11kV
Laverton (S)
Leonora (S)
Menzies (S)
Ngaanyatjarraku (S)
Ravensthorpe (S)
Great Southern
Mid West
Albany (C)
Country South / Great Southern Study Area
Broomehill (S)
Cranbrook (S)
Denmark (S)
Gnowangerup (S)
Jerramungup (S)
Katanning (S)
Kent (S)
Kojonup (S)
Plantagenet (S)
Tambellup (S)
Woodanilling (S)
Carnamah (S)
Chapman Valley (S)
Country North 11kV, Country North 33kV
Coorow (S)
Cue (S)
|147|
DRD REGIONS

BY DRD REGION

/ CLUSTER
Geraldton (C)
Country North 11kV, Country North 33kV
Greenough (S)
Country North 33kV
Irwin (S)
Country North 33kV
Meekatharra (S)
Mingenew (S)
Morawa (S)
Country North 33kV
Mount Magnet (S)

Mullewa (S)
Country North 33kV
Murchison (S)
Northampton (S)
Country North 6.6kV, Country North 33kV
Perenjori (S)
Country North 33kV
Sandstone (S)
Three Springs (S)
Country North 33kV
Wiluna (S)
Yalgoo (S)
Peel
South West
Wheatbelt
Boddington (S)
Country East 22kV
Mandurah (C)
Metro South 22kV (C)
Murray (S)
Metro South 22kV (C), Country South
Serpentine-Jarrahdale (S)
Metro South 22kV (A)
Waroona (S)
Country South / South West Study Area
Augusta-Margaret River (S)
Boyup Brook (S)
Bridgetown-Greenbushes (S)
Bunbury (C)
Busselton (S)
Capel (S)
Collie (S)
Dardanup (S)
Donnybrook-Balingup (S)
Harvey (S)
Manjimup (S)
Nannup (S)
Beverley (S)
Country South, Country East 22kV
Brookton (S)
Country South
Bruce Rock (S)
Country East 22kV, Country East 33kV
Chittering (S)
Metro North 22kV (B)
|148|
DRD REGIONS

BY DRD REGION

/ CLUSTER
Corrigin (S)
Cuballing (S)
Country South
Cunderdin (S)
Country East 22kV
Dalwallinu (S)
Country North 33kV
Dandaragan (S)
Country North 33kV
Dowerin (S)
Country North 33kV, Country East 22kV
Dumbleyung (S)
Gingin (S)
Goomalling (S)
Country East 22kV, Country North 33kV
Kellerberrin (S)
Country East 22kV
Kondinin (S)
Country East 33kV
Koorda (S)
Country North 33kv, Country East 22kV
Kulin (S)
Country East 33kV
Lake Grace (S)
Country East 33kV, Country South
Merredin (S)
Country East 22kV
Moora (S)
Country North 33kV
Mount Marshall (S)
Country East 22kV
Mukinbudin (S)
Country East 22kV
Narembeen (S)
Country East 33kV
Narrogin (S)
Country South
Narrogin (T)
Country South
Northam (S)
Country East 22kV
Northam (T)
Country East 22kV
Nungarin (S)
Pingelly (S)
Country South
Quairading (S)
Country East 22kV
Tammin (S)
Country East 22kV
Toodyay (S)
Metro North 22kV (B), Country East 22kV
Trayning (S)
Country East 22kV
Victoria Plains (S)
Country North 33kV
Wagin (S)
Country South
Wandering (S)
Country South
West Arthur (S)
Country South
Westonia (S)
Wickepin (S)
Williams (S)
Country South
|149|
DRD REGIONS
Perth Metropolitan

BY DRD REGION

/ CLUSTER
Wongan-Ballidu (S)
Country North 33kV
Wyalkatchem (S)
Country East 22kV
Yilgarn (S)
Country East 33kV
York (S)
Country East 22kV
Armadale (C)
Metro South 22kV (A)
Bassendean (T)
Metro North 22kV (A)
Bayswater (C)
CBD, Metro North 11kV (B), Metro North

22kV (A)
Belmont (C)
Metro South 22kV (B), Metro East 22kV
Cambridge (T)
Metro North 6.6kV, Metro North 11kV (B),

CBD
Canning (C)
Metro South 22kV (A), Metro South 22kV (B)
Claremont (T)
Metro North 11kV (A), Metro North 6.6kV
Cockburn (C)
Metro South 22kV (B)
Cottesloe (T)
East Fremantle (T)
Metro South 11kV (B), Metro South 22kV (A)
Fremantle (C)
Metro South 11kV (B), Metro South 22kV (A)
Gosnells (C)
Joondalup (C)
Kalamunda (S)
Metro South 22kV (B), Metro East 22kV
Kwinana (T)
Melville (C)
Mosman Park (T)
Mundaring (S)
Metro East 6.6kV , Metro East 22kV
Nedlands (C)
Metro North 11kV (A), Metro North 6.6kV
Peppermint Grove (S)
Perth (C)
Metro CBD, Metro North 6.6kV
Rockingham (C)
South Perth (C)
Stirling (C)
Metro North 11kV (B), Metro North 22kV (A),

Metro North 22kV (B), Metro North 6.6kV,
Subiaco (C)
Metro North 6.6kV, Metro CBD
Swan (C)
Metro East 22kV, Metro North 22kV (A),

Victoria Park (T)
Metro South 11kV (A), Metro South 6.6kV,

Vincent (T)
CBD, Metro North 11kV (B)
Wanneroo (C)
|150|
APPENDIX C
METRO CBD
CUSTOMER
ESTIMATED MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT LEVELS
SUBSTATION
This appendix presents tables of maximum

forecast short circuit levels at each of Western
Powers SWIS major nodes.
This information should be taken as an
approximate guide only.
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
23.5
Summers Street
132
35.1
COUNTRY EAST
22kV
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
The short circuit level calculations were

determined with the following:
SUBSTATION
The IEC 60909 method was used for the

calculation.
Carrabin
1-PH
3-PH
66
1.0
0.9
Cunderin
66
1.2
1.1
The IEC 60909 standard is the source

standard which the current Australian and
New Zealand standard (AS/NZS 3851) is
based on.
Kellerberrin
66
1.3
1.0
Merredin
132
4.2
3.4
Merredin
66
2.6
1.9
For maximum fault levels, the C factor (as

defined by IEC 60909) is set at 1.10pu at the
faulted bus.
Northam
132
5.6
5.1
Northam
66
4.6
4.4
Zero fault impedance is assumed.
Wundowie
66
3.3
2.9
COUNTRY EAST
33kV
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
All generation machines and step-up

transformers are turned on.
All lines are assumed in service.
The value given in the tables is Ikss AC
component of the initial symmetrical short
circuit current which occurs directly after the
initiation of the fault (RMS value).
METRO CBD
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
SUBSTATION
1-PH
3-PH
Bounty
132
0.8
0.7
Kondinin
132
1.6
1.4
Kondinin
220
2.5
2.5
Southern Cross
66
0.5
0.6
Yilgarn
220
2.1
2.2
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
Cook Street
132
31.3
22.5
Forrest Ave
66
5.7
5.2
Hay Street
132
27.8
21.9
COUNTRY EAST
CUSTOMER
James Street
132
21.9
17.7
SUBSTATION
Joel Terrace
66
7.0
5.6
Bandee
Joel Terrace
132kV
132
0.0
0.0
Milligan Street
132
21.9
17.7
North Perth
132
23.8
Wellington Street
132
Wellington Street
66
1-PH
3-PH
66
1.7
1.5
Yerbillon
66
1.1
1.0
20.7
COUNTRY
GOLDFIELDS 11kV
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
27.8
21.9
SUBSTATION
6.1
5.4
Piccadilly St
West Kalgoorlie
1-PH
3-PH
132
6.9
5.3
132
7.6
5.5
|151|
COUNTRY
GOLDFIELDS 33kV
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
COUNTRY NORTH
CUSTOMER
1-PH
3-PH
SUBSTATION
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
Black Flag
132
3.2
2.8
Golden Grove
132
1.3
1.0
Boulder
132
6.9
5.4
Kerr McGee
Cataby
132
6.3
4.2
COUNTRY
GOLDFIELDS
CUSTOMER
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
COUNTRY SOUTH
22kV (A)
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
SUBSTATION
1-PH
3-PH
SUBSTATION
1-PH
3-PH
Jan Mine
132
2.4
2.0
Beenup
132
1.3
1.2
Jan Mine
66
2.2
2.0
Bridgetown
132
4.4
4.3
Parkeston
Substation
132
6.3
5.2
Bunbury Harbour
132
9.6
9.3
Busselton
132
2.8
2.5
Western Mining
Kambalda
132
3.3
2.9
Busselton
66
4.9
4.0
Western Mining
Smelter
132
5.2
4.7
Capel
66
4.2
4.7
Collie
66
2.9
2.1
Coolup
66
0.6
1.0
Manjimup
132
2.8
2.9
Margaret River
66
1.1
1.5
Marriott Road
132
10.0
10.1
Picton
132
11.2
10.7
Picton
66
10.8
8.6
Wagerup
132
6.8
8.0
COUNTRY SOUTH
22kV (B)
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
COUNTRY NORTH
11kV
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
Chapman
132
3.5
3.0
Chapman
33
1.5
1.3
Durlacher Street
33
5.9
4.7
Rangeway
132
3.5
3.0
COUNTRY NORTH
33kV
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
SUBSTATION
1-PH
3-PH
Eneabba
132
4.0
3.9
Geraldton
132
3.9
3.2
Moora
132
2.4
2.5
Three Springs
132
3.9
3.9
SUBSTATION
1-PH
3-PH
Albany
132
2.0
1.5
Boddington
132
10.6
9.8
Katanning
66
2.1
1.8
Kojonup
132
4.3
3.9
Kojonup
66
3.1
2.9
Mount Barker
132
1.7
1.6
Narrogin
66
2.5
1.9
Wagin
66
2.1
1.9
|152|
COUNTRY SOUTH
CUSTOMER
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
METRO NORTH
11kV (B)
1-PH
3-PH
SUBSTATION
Cottesloe
3-PH
66
8.1
9.5
Cottesloe 132kV
132
15.5
18.2
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
132
8.7
9.3
Western
Colleries Limited
132
11.4
13.4
Westralian
Sands
66
4.1
4.4
METRO NORTH
22kV (A)
Worsley
132
13.4
13.1
SUBSTATION
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
19.1
19.5
Hadfields
132
15.6
16.5
Henley Brook
132
10.1
12.6
Malaga
132
36.3
28.3
METRO NORTH
22kV (B)
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
12.2
13.1
Forrestfield
132
12.4
12.8
Hazelmere
132
23.0
20.9
Kalamunda
132
10.6
11.0
Midland Junction
132
22.3
20.2
Arkana
Sawyers Valley
66
2.6
3.7
SUBSTATION
Mundaring Weir
METRO NORTH
11kV (A)
66
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
3-PH
132
132
VOLTAGE
1-PH
Beechboro
Darlington
METRO EAST
6.6kV
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
Barrack Silicon
Smelter
METRO EAST 22kV
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
1-PH
3-PH
132
19.6
18.9
Clarkson
132
12.9
13.4
Joondalup
132
16.9
17.1
Landsdale
132
18.1
17.7
Muchea
132
14.4
14.7
1-PH
3-PH
Mullaloo
132
18.1
17.7
2.8
4.0
North Beach
132
18.0
17.9
Padbury
132
15.7
16.3
Regans
132
4.0
3.7
Wangara
132
17.5
17.2
Wanneroo
132
19.0
18.1
Yanchep
132
12.8
12.9
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
Joondanna
132
18.1
18.0
Manning Street
132
16.5
16.7
Morley
132
19.3
17.7
Osborne Park
132
19.1
18.3
METRO NORTH
6.6kV
Wembley Downs
66
8.1
9.7
SUBSTATION
Yokine
132
19.7
18.7
Herdsman
Parade
1-PH
3-PH
66
6.7
8.5
Medical Centre
66
9.6
10.4
Nedlands
66
10.7
11.1
Shenton Park
66
13.2
11.7
University
66
9.2
10.3
|153|
METRO NORTH
CUSTOMER
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
METRO SOUTH
22kV (B)
1-PH
3-PH
SUBSTATION
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
Edgewater
132
18.0
17.7
Belmont
132
23.8
23.0
Kerr McGee
Muchea
132
10.5
12.2
Bentley
132
18.7
18.7
Kewdale
132
19.0
20.3
Rivervale
132
20.3
21.0
Tate Street
66
11.5
10.7
Welshpool
132
23.3
22.5
METRO SOUTH
22kV (C)
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
METRO SOUTH
11kV (A)
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
Clarence St
66
6.5
8.4
Collier
66
6.4
8.4
SUBSTATION
METRO SOUTH
11kV (B)
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
Edmund Street
66
11.0
11.3
North Fremantle
66
9.4
10.5
METRO SOUTH
22kV (A)
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
1-PH
3-PH
B.P. Refinery
132
38.9
26.0
British Petroleum
66
8.0
7.4
Mandurah
132
9.9
10.2
Mason Road
132
34.4
31.3
Meadow Springs
132
10.6
10.7
Medina
132
18.8
21.2
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
Pinjarra
132
11.8
12.6
1-PH
3-PH
Rockingham
132
18.5
19.6
Waikiki
132
12.5
14.7
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
Amherst
132
16.6
19.4
Australian Paper
Mills
66
8.0
9.4
Bibra Lake
132
18.5
20.3
METRO SOUTH
6.6kV
Byford
132
10.4
11.6
SUBSTATION
Canning Vale
132
17.2
17.3
Victoria Park
Cockburn
Cement
132
19.9
22.3
Gosnells
132
18.1
18.9
Maddington
132
0.0
0.0
Murdoch
132
23.4
24.3
Myaree
66
7.2
8.7
OConnor
66
9.9
10.0
Riverton
132
18.3
20.5
Southern River
132
13.6
14.9
Willetton
132
0.0
0.0
66
1-PH
3-PH
11.5
10.9
|154|
METRO SOUTH
CUSTOMER
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
TERMINAL/
POWER STATION
1-PH
3-PH
SUBSTATION
Emu Downs
VOLTAGE
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
132
3.2
3.2
Emu Downs
132
3.6
3.3
Australian Fused
Materials
132
19.7
20.3
Beckenham
132
30.2
26.7
24.0
21.4
66
8.1
7.2
Guildford
Terminal
132
Broken Hill
Kwinana
15.9
15.8
132
19.8
22.2
Guildford
Terminal
330
Cockburn
Cement Ltd
Kemerton
132
13.2
11.6
CSBP
132
25.3
26.2
Kemerton
330
19.5
18.2
Glen Iris
132
28.5
24.9
Kemerton Power
330
18.4
17.2
Hismelt
132
25.4
26.0
Kenwick Link
132
25.5
24.1
Kerr McGee
Kwinana
132
34.4
31.6
Kenwick Link
330
17.0
16.9
Kwinana
Desalination
Plant
132
37.5
28.7
Kwinana
132
40.8
35.5
Kwinana
330
27.1
23.1
Kwinana
66
9.2
7.6
Parklands
132
10.6
10.7
38.5
26.9
132
34.4
31.3
Kwinana Power
Partnership
132
Tiwest Pigment
Plant
14.9
14.9
66
7.8
9.1
Landwehr
Terminal
330
Tomlinson Road
Web Forge
66
7.7
8.3
132
5.1
3.7
Western Metals
132
22.2
24.0
Merredin
Terminal
Merredin
Terminal
220
3.2
2.4
Mount Lawley
132
25.7
21.2
Muja
132
20.9
17.7
Muja
220
9.6
8.4
Muja
330
22.8
20.0
Muja
66
4.0
3.6
Mungarra
132
6.4
5.2
Narrogin South
220
2.8
3.5
TERMINAL/
POWER STATION
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
ALCOA Kwinana
132
48.2
32.3
ALCOA Pinjarra
132
12.9
12.3
ALCOA Pinjarra
330
14.0
15.0
Bluewaters
Terminal
330
23.9
20.0
Cannington
Terminal
132
32.6
28.4
Narrogin South
66
2.5
1.9
23.1
20.1
66
13.7
12.1
Neerabup
Terminal
132
Cannington
Terminal
13.7
12.6
330
20.0
18.3
Neerabup
Terminal
330
Collie Power
Station Terminal
13.5
12.3
132
33.0
27.4
Newgen
Neerabup
330
East Perth
East Perth
66
7.1
5.6
|155|
TERMINAL/
POWER STATION
VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
2010 Ikss FAULT

CURRENT (kA)
1-PH
3-PH
Northern
Terminal
132
36.3
28.3
Northern
Terminal
330
17.7
16.7
Oakley
330
16.2
16.9
Pinjar
132
32.4
28.9
Shotts
330
22.4
19.7
South Fremantle
132
28.9
27.6
South Fremantle
66
17.7
14.2
Southern
Terminal
132
38.7
32.4
Southern
Terminal
330
27.0
23.0
Walkaway
Windfarm
132
5.0
4.2
Wells Terminal
132
13.1
11.2
Wells Terminal
330
6.7
6.9
West Kalgoorlie
132
7.6
5.5
West Kalgoorlie
220
3.6
2.8
Western Terminal
132
24.1
22.1
Western Terminal
66
16.8
13.3
|156|
363 Wellington Street

Perth WA 6000
GPO Box L921 Perth WA 6842
Telephone 08 9326 4911
Fax 08 9326 4595
www.westernpower.com.au

Apr 2010

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TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

2010/11 ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT

This document is published by

working with industry and government to

Welcome to the 2010/11 Transmission

identifying where there is capacity in the

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 2010/11 ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT

In that light and in response to feedback received

The APR also provides insight into the factors

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 2010/11 ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT

WESTERN POWERS INTEGRATED APPROACH

ELECTRICITY DEMAND CONTINUES TO GROW

determination of optimised development plans

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 2010/11 ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT

WESTERN POWER LEADERSHIP IN NONNETWORK SOLUTIONS

MID WEST ENERGY PROJECT

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 2010/11 ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT

Electricity Regulation in Western Australia

3 History of the SWIS

How the network has evolved

5 Generation scenario planning

Generation connection arrangement

7 Transmission Emerging Issues and Potential Solutions

Bulk system issues system wide

Appendix A Abbreviations and Definitions

Appendix B Cross Reference of Department of Development,

Appendix C Estimated Maximum Short Circuit Levels

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 2010/11 ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT

Figure 22: Western Powers Environmental Approvals Process

Figure 23: Projects and Community Messages

Figure 24: Demonstration example showing forecast of

Figure 25: Generation Connection Capacity Map for the Perth

Figure 31: Peak System Load and Western Australian Population

Figure 32: Cross-over from Winter Peak to Summer Peak

Figure 33: Smart Grid Foundation Project Relationship

Figure 34: Single Phase Smart Meter

Figure 35: Average Summer Residential Demand Profiles

Figure 36: Denmark Peak Demand Forecast and Supply Capacity

Figure 43: Western Power (SWIS) Historical Demand Growth Rates

Figure 44: Western Power (SWIS) Forecast Demand Growth Rates

Figure 45: Metro CBD Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)

Figure 46: Metro North Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)

Figure 47: Metro South Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)

Figure 48: Metro East Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)

Figure 49: Country North Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)

Figure 410: Country South Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)

Figure 411: Country East Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)

Figure 412: Country Goldfields Central Forecast PoE10 (2011 2020)

Figure 51: Generation scenario planning methodology

Figure 71: SWIS Planning Regions and Metro Region Sectors

Figure 72: Existing supply to Metro CBD

Figure 73: Potential rearrangement of power flows supplying Metro CBD

Figure 74: Existing supply to Metro East

Figure 75: Potential rearrangement of future power flows

Figure 76: Existing network layout showing area where capacity

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 2010/11 ANNUAL PLANNING REPORT

Figure 78: Mid West Energy Project (MWEP) proposals

Figure 710: Country East transmission network

Figure 711: Country Goldfields region 132kV network

Figure 712: Peak Load Demand Central Forecast for Country

Figure 81: Metro Planning Region Metro Planning Sectors

Figure 82: Metro CBD (11kV) Planning Sector

Figure 83: Metro North Planning Sector Voltage Planning Clusters