I.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

1. Write all the reagent compound in the introducing carbohydrates
experiment.
Molisch Reagents
Consisting of alpha-naphthol serves as a color indicator for convenience
only, whereas H2SO4 serves to hydrolyze glucose (hexose) hydroxymethyl
fufural or arabinose (pentose) furufural. Molisch reaction is positive for all
carbohydrates.
Formula-naphthol

Selliwanof Reagents
Selliwanof reaction is a reaction to identify the presence of a keto group
on a saccharide.
Selliwanof reagent consisting of 0.5% resorcinol and 5 N HCl. Resorcinol
formula

Barfoed Reagents

Composed of copper acetate compound. Barfoed reagent is a weak acid

and is only reduced by monosaccharides.
Benedict's reagent
Consisting of:
1. CuSO4
: Providing Cu2 +
2. Na-citrate : Prevent deposition of Cu(OH)2 or CuCO3
3. Na2CO3
: As alkalis which converts the free carbonyl group of the
sugar into reactive
Tollens reagent
Consisting of 1 ml of AgNO3 1%, 1 ml of 2 M NaOH, and dilute NH4OH
Fehling reagent
Consisting of Fehling A and Fehling B
2. Explain the reaction principal between reagent and tested
carbohydrates ?
Molisch Experiment
Principle: condensation of metal hydroxy furfural (hexoses) or furfural
(pentose) with alpha-naphthol to form a purple ring.
Seliwanof Experiments
Selliwanof reaction is a reaction to identify the presence of a keto group
on a saccharide. A positive reaction when the red color is formed. HCl will
change hexoses into metal hydroxy furfural which then react with
resorcinol to form a red complex.
Barfoed Experiments
It is a test to distinguish between monosaccharides and disaccharides by
controlling the pH and heating time. The principle is based on the
reduction of Cu2+ to Cu +. Heating time will hydrolyze disaccharide
produces a reaction false positives.
Benedict Experiments
The principle of this reaction is based on the formation of a brick red
precipitate, then the footage containing reducing sugars. With the principle
is based on the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu + Cu2O deposited as a red brick.
Tollens Experiments
The principle of this reaction is based on the formation of a silver mirror
(Ag) and oxidize the aldehyde group into carboxylic group. However, the
fructose group containing ketoses can be oxidized in alkaline solution
because fructose is in equilibrium with two aldehyde diasteromik and the
use of an intermediate tautomer enadiol.
Fehling Experiments
Principle of this reaction is based on the Cu

2+

aldehyde group, but can not reduce the ketone group.

ions can oxidize the

3. Glucose in the form of acyclic only 0.2%, and the excess is cyclic.
Explain why there is glucose oxidized with Tollens and Fehling
reagent.
Glucose can be oxidized by Tollens reagent that forms a silver mirror and
with Fehling form a brick red precipitate as glucose hydrolyzed with
warming that cyclic chains of glucose (Haworth structure) that does not
contain aldose groups decompose (disinclination) into the structure Fischer
(open chain) group containing aldose. Therefore, glucose produces a
positive test of Tollens and Fehling's reagent.

4. Explained the several fact

a. Sucrose arent reductor at Benedict test, while in that condition
lactose shown as reductor glucose.
Sucrose (table sugar) is not detected by Benedict's reagent, it does
not have the properties of sucrose can reduce Cu2+ ions decompose if
Haworth structure (open-chain form), sucrose (table sugar) is not
detected by Benedict's reagent. Sucrose contains two monosaccrida
(fructose and glucose) are bound by ties glikosidic such a way that it
does not contain a free aldehyde group and alpha hydroxy ketones. In
sucrose, although composed of glucose and fructose, but the anomeric
carbon atom the two are tied, so that at each monosaccharide units no
longer have an aldehyde or ketone group which can autorotation be
open chain, this causes no sucrose can reduce reagent benedict. So that
sucrose is not a reducing nature.
b. Monosaccaride react with Barfoed reagent faster that than
reduction sugar.
This happens because sucrose (disaccharide) has a weak trait in
reducing Cu 2+ ions in a solution of copper (II) acetate, resulting in
a test barfoed sucrose (disaccharide) that changes slowly than
glucose (monosaccharide).