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Title:
Kwik-Mold Inc.
Runner and Gating System
Moldmaking Guide
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1.The runner system used for guiding molten resin injecting from the nozzle of
injection molding machine into mold cavity . This system consists of sprue, main
runner, sub runner and gate. The runner & gate system have substantial effects on
quality, precision, appearance and molding cycle.
2.Sprue is the filling port of molten resin, usually has a 2 ~ 4 taper in order to
detach from the machine nozzle.
3.Main runner and branch runner is the passage between sprue and gate,where the
most heat & pressure loss occured.
4.Gate is the entrance of molten resin enters mold cavity. gate is of one the main
reason of part defects.
Sprue
Primary Runner
5.The cross
section of runner preferred:
Gate
Second Runner
Cold Well
Part
Area
R=A/P
Notes
P: perimeter
Kwik-mold is dedicated to building tools that enable you to mold high-quality part quickly and profitably
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6.How to decide runner diameter:
300
250
200
150
100
50
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
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7.Cold slug well.

7.1Used for receiving the cold material first emerging from the nozzle.
7.2 Cold slug needed at the end of runner whenever possible and should be vented also.
Venting
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Moldmaking Guide
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8.Gate
8.1 The following items must be kept in mind when designing gate:
1.easely removed and Min. vestige left;
2.multi-caviies mold can be balanced;
3. Large parts that require multiple gates should include gates that are positioned close enough together
to reduce pressure loss. This will help provide good weld line strength by minimizing cooling where
the leading edges of resin flow come together. Gating dimensions should provide resin fill at
reasonable pressures and fill speeds.
4.Gate land lengths should be kept as short as possible.
5.An impinging gate will help ensure that the incoming flow is directed against the cavity wall or core
to avoid jetting.
6.To avoid trapped gas, the resin flow from the gates should direct air toward the vents.
7.Gates should be located to provide flow from thick to thin sections; to minimize weld lines; and
away from impact or other stressed areas.
8.To minimize jetting, splay and gate blush, the gates should be located at right angles to the runner;
9.Direct gating to a cosmetic surface may cause surface imperfections.
10. Other items:
1. Rheological Properties
2.normal wall thickness
3.partweight
4.mekting temperature
5.mold temperature
Sprue
Sprue
Sprue
Sprue
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8.2 Gate design
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8.2.1 The Sprue Gate
1.5o(Min.)
Application
Shortcomings
Benefits
d2<1.5t
1.Good fluidity
2.Simple construction
3.Wide range of resin applicable
4.Good filling ability of material
5.Little retraction denting on surface of molded products.
6.Eliminated the processing at runner.
7.Less pressure loss
8.Can mold large or greater depth molded products.
1.Only one product per mold.
2.Gate residue exists and could affect appearance and adding the post processing.
3.For flat, shallow products, it tends to cause distortion and twisting.
4.Need to determine the gate circulation
5.Gate nearby has high residual stress and likely to cause crack or deformation.
Suitable for container type large part.
Suitable plastics:
Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC
Polyethylene, PE
Polypropylene, PP
Polycarbonate, PC
Polystyrene, PS
Polyamide, PA
Polyacetal, Polyoxy Methylene, POM
Acrylonitrile-Butadene, AS
Acrylonitrile-Butadene-Styrene, ABS
Acrylic Resin, PMMA
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8.2.2 Edge Gate
W=Width of gate,
h=Depth of Gate,
L=Land Length,
t=Part Wall thickness,
Resin
PE,PS
POM,PC,PP
CA,PMMA,PA
PVC
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
h = nt
W= 2h
Application
Shortcomings
Benefits
n =coeffcient
Low residual stress.
Correct gate size (rectangular cut)
Easy to separate gate from molded products.
Can prevent the reverse flow of material.
Friction heat at the gate can raise the material temperature to promote the filling.
Large fluidity resistance
High pressure loss
Likely to have insufficient filling or solidifying midway for material of poor fluidity.
Flat or large area molded products is easy to have bubbles or flow mark, due to narrow gate.
Suitable plastics :Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC, Polyethylene, PE, Polypropylene, PP, Polycarbonate,
PC, Polyamide, PA, Polyacetal, Polyoxy Methylene, POM, Acrylonitrile-Butadiene, AS,
Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Styrene, ABS, Acrylic Resin, PMMA, short fiber plastics
Often used in multi-mold cavity mold.
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Moldmaking Guide
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The automatic degate design:

W
<2/3W
Part
<0.01
E.J. Pin
Undercut
E.J. Retainer Plate

Sprue Puller
E.J. Retainer plate

Delay Pin
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Moldmaking Guide
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8.2.3 Overlap Gate
W=Width of gate,
h=Depth of Gate,
L2=Land Length,
Resin
PE,PS
POM,PC,PP
CA,PMMA,PA
PVC
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
W=(nA)/30;
h = nt;
L2 = h+W/2
n =coefficient
Benefits
Can prevent reverse flow of material

Friction heat can raise material temperature to enhance filling
Can prevent jetting
Can prevent twisting and cracking at gate nearby due residual stress
Shortcomings
High pressure loss.

difficulty in cutting off gate
Application
Dont use it for PVC
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Moldmaking Guide
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8.2.4 Fan Gate
Chamfering can
decrease the
turbulence flow
W=Width of gate,
H1=Depth 1 of Gate,
H2=Depth 2 of Gate,
L=Land Length,1.3-2mm
Resin
PE,PS
POM,PC,PP
CA,PMMA,PA
PVC
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
W=n*A/30
H1 = nt;(But W*h1<0.25**D2)
A=Area of cavity surface H2 = W*H1/D
n =coefficient
Benefits
Good fluidity
Can fill evenly and prevent deformation of molded product.
Low Gate orientation
Product appearance good, almost free of defects.
Shortcomings
Time consuming in gate processing

difficult to cut out gate part.
Application
Especially suitable for composite material with strong orientation

Large Part with a thin wall
Especially suitable for PMMA plate
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Moldmaking Guide
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8.2.5 Diaphragm Gate
h=Depth of Gate,
L=Land Length,
n =coefficient
Resin
PE,PS
POM,PC,PP
CA,PMMA,PA
PVC
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
L=0.75-1.0mm
H = 0.7nt
Good fluidity.
High precision in round molding product
Benefits
Can prevent occurrence of flow mark
Saved runner processing
Has the function of direct gate, low-pressure loss.
Time consuming in gate post -processing.
difficult in gate cutting off.
Shortcomings
Used in single cavity mold.
Product hole center needs be aligned with runner
Application
Suitable for disk, cylindrical product (gear or deep small cylinder)
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Moldmaking Guide
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8.2.6 Ring Gate
h=Depth of Gate,
L=Land Length,
n =coefficient
Resin
PE,PS
POM,PC,PP
CA,PMMA,PA
PVC
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
L=0.75-1.0mm
H = 0.7nt
Benefits
Can prevent occurrence of flow mark and tilt of core pins.

Can evenly fill cylindrical product and avoid the forming of soldering line or
deformation, eccentric due regional over filling
Shortcomings
Time consuming in gate post -processing.

difficult in gate cutting off.
Application
Suitable for disk, cylindrical product (gear or deep small cylinder)
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8.2.7 Film Gate
h=Depth of Gate,
L=1.00-1.30mm
L=Land Length,
h = 0.7t
n =coefficient
Benefits
Good fluidity.
High precision in round molding product.
Can fill evenly and prevent deformation of product.
Can produce good appearance product, almost free of defective piece.
Shortcomings
Time consuming in post processing of gate.

difficult in cutting out gate portion.
Application
Disk, cylinder (gears, etc) or large think wall part
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8.2.8 Tab Gate
W=D
h1= 0.9 t
h2= 0.7 t
L2>1.5 D
D=Runner Dia.
t=Normal wall thickness
L1>1.5mm
Has remolding capacity: before entering molding space, the flow is held to reheat
the resin to compensating runner cooling and improve fluidity.
Low residual stress: Slow down regional stress concentration at gate and eliminate
strain from excessive filling.
Can eliminate the denting at gate nearby
Benefits
Can eliminate the strain due excessive filling and generation of flow mark.
Can ease the stress concentration at gate nearby.
Friction heat generated at gate can raise material temperature again.
Holding flow before entering molding space to re-heat resin to compensate the
runner cooling and improve fluidity.
Rather higher in flow resistance
High-pressure loss
Shortcomings
It is a little difficult in cutting off gate.
Troublesome in post- processing.
This kind of gate is often used when it is desired to set at the side face or central
space of molded product, or prevent gas burning or strain, for poor fluidity resin
Application
shall set large gate.
Use for improvement in products easy to form jetting or burn.
Especially suitable for PMMA part
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Moldmaking Guide
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8.2.9 Pin-Point Gate

Resin
PE,PS
POM,PC,PP
CA,PMMA,PA
PVC
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
D=n*t
Has plastering capacity

Auto cut-off of gate
Little gate trace, free of post-processing
Benefits
Free choice of gate location
Gate can be filled in from several points, low stress and strain.
Suitable for multiple piece molding.
Has the benefit of restricted gate.
High flow resistance
Easy to be overheating
Complicate mold construction
Shortcomings
Resin / Product ration low.
Some resins are not suitable.
High pressure loss>
For large piece, multi-gate application, one shot molding, one time
Application
multi-molding
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Moldmaking Guide
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8.2.10 Submarine Gate
d = Gate Dia.(Min. t/2)

A = Area of Cavity surface
t =normal wall thickness(inch)
c = 1.03t
d = nc (4A) (inch)
T
C
0.03
0.178
0.04
0.206
Resin
PE,PS
POM,PC,PP
CA,PMMA,PA
PVC
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.05
0.230
0.06
0.242
0.07
0.272
0.08
0.294
0.09
0.309
0.10
0.326
Has plastering ability.

Gate automatically cut off, free of post processing.
Benefits
Small gate trace.
Can freely set gate at outer or inner sides of product.
High f low resistance
Shortcomings Difficult to work on the finishing side.
High pressure loss
Application
Needs no post-processing. Applicable for feeding system automatic separation
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Moldmaking Guide
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Crystalline - Round Gate

Nylon,PA
PBT
PET
POM
PPS
Benefits:
- slow the gate frozen
-suitablie the round area
- good break
****
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Last Modified:
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Amorphous - Conical Gate

ABS, PMMA, SAN,PET
ASA, PPO, SB
CAB, PSU, TPU
PC, PVC
PEI, PVCP PES, PVC
Semi-Crystalline
PP(COPOLYHER/HOMO
POLYMER) PE
Benefits:
- fast cool and short cycle
- easily machined
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Gating from pin
>0.15
D>3/16
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Runner insert:used for flat part
Part
Runner Insert
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Moldmaking Guide
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8.2.11 Hook Gate

Used when gate vestige on part appearance is not permited and submarine cant work.
(Max.)
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The balance ejection of hook gate:
The making of hook gate insert:
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8.3 runner scale

Used for the easy adjustment of molding parameter with multi-cavity mold or
precision mold.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

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Runner and Gating System

section of runner preferred:

Runner and Gating System

6.How to decide runner diameter:

Runner and Gating System

7.Cold slug well.

Runner and Gating System

Runner and Gating System

8.2 Gate design

Runner and Gating System

8.2.1 The Sprue Gate

Runner and Gating System

8.2.2 Edge Gate

Runner and Gating System

The automatic degate design:

E.J. Retainer Plate

E.J. Retainer plate

Runner and Gating System

8.2.3 Overlap Gate

Can prevent reverse flow of material

High pressure loss.

Dont use it for PVC

Runner and Gating System

8.2.4 Fan Gate

t=Part Wall thickness,

Time consuming in gate processing

Especially suitable for composite material with strong orientation

Runner and Gating System

8.2.5 Diaphragm Gate

Suitable for disk, cylindrical product (gear or deep small cylinder)

Runner and Gating System

8.2.6 Ring Gate

Can prevent occurrence of flow mark and tilt of core pins.

Time consuming in gate post -processing.

Suitable for disk, cylindrical product (gear or deep small cylinder)

Runner and Gating System

8.2.7 Film Gate

Time consuming in post processing of gate.

Disk, cylinder (gears, etc) or large think wall part

Runner and Gating System

8.2.8 Tab Gate

Runner and Gating System

8.2.9 Pin-Point Gate

Has plastering capacity

Runner and Gating System

8.2.10 Submarine Gate

d = Gate Dia.(Min. t/2)

Has plastering ability.

Needs no post-processing. Applicable for feeding system automatic separation

Runner and Gating System

Crystalline - Round Gate

Amorphous - Conical Gate

Runner and Gating System

Gating from pin

Runner and Gating System

Runner insert:used for flat part

Runner and Gating System

8.2.11 Hook Gate

Runner and Gating System

The balance ejection of hook gate:

The making of hook gate insert:

Runner and Gating System

8.3 runner scale