Professional Documents
Culture Documents
------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1
2 10
3
2 4
4
1 n 012100n
012100n
0 1
100n
, ,...,
,
n n
n
k = 0,1, 2, ,100n
n
S=
2 S={1011}S
3 1 0
S={00
100
0100
0101
0110
11
00
1010
1011
0111
1101
11
10
1111}
1100
4xy
S= ( x, y ) x + y 1
2
1 ABC
2AB C ABC
3A B C
4ABC
5 ABC
6ABC
A BC ABC ABC ABC ABC A, B, C
AB BC AC ABC
7ABC
ABC = A B C
8ABC ABC
3.16
68910
------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1 ABC P ( A) = P ( B ) = P (C ) =
1
1
, P( AB) = P( BC ) = 0, P( AC ) = ,
4
8
ABC
3 1 5
=
4 8 8
P ( AB ) = P ( BC ) = 0, ABC AB P ( ABC ) = 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 10 1 10 3
1 5
2 5
10 3 C10
3
S= C10 = 120
1 A={ 5} 5 678910 5
C5 A= C5 = 10
2
5!
C
10
1
P ( A) =
= 2!3! =
=
10! 120 12
C
3!7!
2
5
3
10
2 B={ 5} 5 1234 4
C4 B= C4
2
4!
C42 2!2!
6
1
P( B) = 3 =
=
=
C10 10! 120 20
3!7!
------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 1 500 400 1 100 200
1 90
2 2
1 A={ 90 }
P ( A) =
90
110
C400
C1100
200
C1500
2 B={ 2 } A = { i }
B = A2 A3 A200 , AiAi = (i j )
200
P ( B ) = P ( A2 A3 , A200= P ( Ai )
i=2
B ={ 0
1 } B = A0 A1
200
1
199
C1100
C400
C1100
P ( B ) = P ( A0 A1 ) = P ( A0 ) + P ( A1 ) = 200 +
200
C1500
C1500
P( B) = 1 P( B) = 1
200
1
199
C1100
C400
C1100
200
200
C1500
C1500
------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 5 4 4
A={4 } 3 PA
A A ={4 } 5 4
4
A 5 4 C5 2
A ={ C54 2 4 }
P ( A) = 1 P ( A) = 1
C54 24
5 24 13
=
1
=
C104
210 21
4
P ( A) = 1 P ( A) = 1
10 8 6 4
10 8 6 4
8 13
= 1
= 1 =
4
A10
10 9 8 7
21 21
A 4
1
P ( A) =
1 2
P ( A) + P ( A) =1
P ( A) P ( A) 3 P ( A)
P ( A)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 11 Probability 11 7
ability
A={ ability} 1
7
7 ={ A11 }
ability b i b C2
i C2 1 A = {C2C2}
1
C21C21
4
P ( A) = 7 =
= 0 0000024
A11
11 10 9 8 7 6 5
14.
4.21
1519
1918
------------------------------------------------------------------------------142 P ( A) =
1
1
1
P ( B A) = , P ( A B ) = , P ( A B )
4
3
2
P ( A B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) P ( AB )
P ( B )P ( AB )
1 1 1
P ( AB ) = P ( A) P ( B A) = =
4 3 12
P ( AB ) = P ( B ) P ( A B )
1
P( AB)
1
P( B) =
= 12 =
6
P( A B) 1
2
P( A B) =
1 1 1 1
+ =
4 6 12 3
P ( A) P ( B A) = P ( B ) P ( A B ) P ( AB ) P ( B )
P ( A B )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 7 1
A={ 7}B={ 1 } P ( B A)
6
2
S={ 6 } AB={ 7 1 }
7 6
A={16
2534
61
5243}
AB= {1661}
2
P( AB)
2 1
= 36 = =
P( B A) =
6
6 3
P( A)
36
A A 1661
1 B
P( B A) =
2 1
=
6 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
()
Ai = { i }
i A1 A2 Ai 1 Aii=1
23
B={}
B= A1 A1 A 2 A1 A2 A3
P( B) = P( A1 A1 A 2 A1 A2 A3 )
= P( A1 ) + P( A1 A 2 ) + P ( A1 A2 A3 )
= P( A1 ) + P( A1 ) P( A2 A1 ) + P( A1 ) P( A2 A1 ) P( A3 A1 A2 )
=
1 9 1 9 8 1 3
+ + =
10 10 9 10 9 8 10
0129 10 10
10
9
9
10
1
9 1 1
1
=
n
9
10 9 10
10
C={} 1
3579 5
4 1 1
4 3 1 1
= =
5 4 5
5 4 3 5
P (C ) =
1 4 1 4 3 1 3
+ + =
5 5 4 5 4 3 5
21
2122
2235
3538
------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 5 0 0 0.25 0 0
A={} A ={}
P ( A) = P ( A) =
1
A A C={
2
P (C A) =
0.25
5
, P (C A) =
100
100
P( A C ) =
P( AC )
=
P(C )
P( A) P(C A)
P(C )
1 5
2
100 = 0.9524
=
0.02625
------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 P
P p 2 1
Ai={ i }i=12
P ( A1 ) = P, P ( A1 ) = 1 P, P ( A2 A1 ) P ( A2 A1 ) =
1
P( A1 A2 ) = P( A1 ) + P( A2 ) P( A1 A2 )
= P( A1 ) + P( A2 ) P( A1 ) P( A2 A1 )
P
2
P ( A1 A2 ) = 1 P ( A1 A2 ) = 1 P ( A1 A2 )
= 1 P ( A1 ) P ( A2 A1 )
= 1 P ( A1 )[1 P ( A2 A1 )]
= 1 (1 P )(1
P
3
1
) = P P2
2
2
2
P( A2 A1 ) =
P( A1 A2 ) P( A1 ) P( A2 A1 )
=
P( A2 )
P( A2 )
P2
= 2
P + P(1 P)
=
2
2P
P +1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 C
C
0.96 C
0.9999 ,?
Ai ={ i } P ( A1 ) = P ( A2 ) = 0.96 B={}
B = A1 A2 A1A2
P( B) = P( A1 A2 ) = P( A1 ) + P( A2 ) P( A1 A2 )
= P( A1 ) + P( A2 ) P( A1 ) P( A2 )
= 0.96 + 0.96 (0.96)2 = 0.9984
.,.
P( B) = P( A1 A2 ) = 1 P( A1 A2 )
= 1 P( A1 A2 )
= 1 P( A1 ) P( A2 )
= 1 0.04 2 = 0.9984
n , 0.9999 Ai ={ i }
i=1
2n
C={} C = A1 A2 An P = (C )
P(C ) = P( A1 A2 An )
n
= P( Ai )
i =1
1i j n
P( Ai Aj ) +
1i j k n
P( Ai Aj AK ) + + (1)n 1 P( Ai )
i =1
n 1
P(C ) = 1 P( A1 A2 An ) = 1 P( A1 A2 An )
= 1 P( A1 ) P( A2 ) P( An )
= 1 (0.04) n
1 0.04 0.9999 1 0.04 0.0001 e
n
1n (0.0001) 9.2103
=
2.86
1n (0.04)
3.2189
Ai ={ i }i=123 P ( A1 ) =
1
1
1
P ( A2 ) = P ( A3 ) =
5
3
4
B={} A1 , A2 A3
P( B) = P( A1 A2 A3 )
= P( A1 ) + P( A2 ) + P( A3 ) P( A1 A2 ) P ( A1 A3 ) P( A2 A3 ) + P( A1 A2 A3 )
=
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + = 0.6
5 3 4 5 3 5 4 3 4 5 3 4
P( B) = P( A1 A2 A3 ) = 1 P( A1 A2 A3 )
= 1 P( A1 A2 A3 ) = 1 P( A1 ) P( A2 ) P( A3 )
1
1
1 3
= 1 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) = = 0.6
5
3
4 5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38 m n
A={ }, A ={ },
P ( A) =
m
n
B={ r } Bi ={
, P ( A) =
m+n
m+n
i i }i=12r
1
1
2
P( B1 ) = P( A) P( B1 A) + P( A) P( B1 A)
=
m
1
n
+
1
m+n 2 m+n
P( B2 ) = P( A) P( B2 A) + P( A) P( B2 A)
=
m
1 1
n
+
1 1
m+n 2 2 m+n
P( Bi ) =
m
1
n
i+
1i
m+n 2 m+n
m
1
n
r+
1r
m+n 2 m+n
1
m
n
=
r+
m+n 2 m+n
P( B) = P( Br ) =
P( AB) P( A) P( B A)
=
P( A)
P( B)
m
1
r
m
m+n 2
=
=
m
1
n
m + 2r n
r+
m+n 2 m+n
P( A B) =
2.
2.13
36712
1217
------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1 5 12345 3 X 3
X
X 345
C22
1
1
=
=
3
5! 10
C5
3!2!
3!
C32 2!1! 3
P{ X = 4} = 3 =
=
5! 10
C5
3!2!
4!
2
C
3
P{ X = 5} = 43 = 2!2! =
5!
C5
5
3!2!
P{ X = 3} =
X
X
Pk
1
10
3
10
3
5
Ck21
P{ X = k} = 3
C5
(k = 3, 4,5)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 15 2 3 1
X 1 X
2
X 012
1X
13!
CC
22
P{ X = 0} =
= 3!10! =
3
15!
C15
35
3!12!
13!
2
C21C132
2!11! = 12
P{ X = 1} =
=
3
15!
35
C15
3!12!
2 1
CC
13
1
P{ X = 2} = 2 3 13 =
=
15!
C15
35
3!12!
0
2
3
13
Pk
22
35
12
35
1
35
k =1
, P{ X = 0}, P{ X = 1} P{ X = 2} = 1 P{ X = 0} P{ X = 1}
P{ X = k} =
C2k C133 k
C153
(k = 0,1, 2)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 5 t 0.1
1 2
2 3
3 3
4 1
5
X b501
X
1 X b501
P{ X = k} = Ck (0.1)k (0.9)5 k
k=012345
2
5
= C (0.1) (0.9)5 + C51 (0.1)(0.9)4 + C52 (0.1)2 (0.9)3 + C53 (0.1)3 (0.9)2
0
5
P{ X 3} = 1 P{ X 3} = 1 P{ X 4}
5
4 P{ X 1} =
C
k =1
k
5
(0.1) k (0.9)5 k
P{ X 1} = 1 P{ X < 1} = 1 P{ X = 0}
= 1 C50 (0.1)0 (0.9)5 = 1 0.95
= 1 0.59049 = 0.40951
------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 A 0.3 A 3
1 5
2 7
1 A X bn0.3,
(k=0,1,2,,n)
{ X 3} , n=5
5
X (4)
P{ X = k} =
1 P{ X = 8} =
e 4 4 k
k!
k=012
e4 48 1200.33371
=
= 0.02977
8!
40320
3
e 4 4 k
e 4 4k
= 1
= 0.5665
2 P{ X > 3} = P{ X 4} =
k!
k!
k =4
k =0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 K
171 X 0-1 P{ X = k } = P (1 P )
k
2 1
1X
F ( x) = P{ X x} = P k (1 P)1 K
k x
0,
= 1 P
1,
x0
0 x 1
x
2 1 X
X
Pk
1
10
3
10
3
5
X F ( x ) = P{ X x}
x 3
F ( x) = P{ X x} = 0
3 x 4
F ( x) = P{ X x} = P{ X = 3} = 0.1
4 x 5
F ( x) = P{ X x} = P{ X = 3} + P{ X = 4} + P{ X = 5} = 1
, k = 0 1 X
0,
1
,
10
F ( x) = 1 3
4
10 + 10 = 10 ,
1 + 3 + 3 = 1,
10 10 5
x3
3 x 4
4 x5
x5
1921
2127
2734
3435
3536
------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 X
X
1 e 0.4 x ,
Fx( x) =
0,
x0
x0
1P{ 3 }
2P{ 4 }
3P{3 4 }
4P{ 3
4 }5P{ 2.5 }
1 P{ X 3} = Px (3) = 1 e
0.43
= 1 e1.2 = 0.6988
2 P{ X 4} = 1 P{ X 4} = 1 FX (4) = e
0.44
= 0.2019
P{3 X 4} = P{ X 4} P{ X < 3}
= FX (4) FX (3) = 1 e 0.44 (1 e 0.43 )
= 0.0993
4
P{ X 3} + P{ X 4} = 1 e 0.43 + (1 e0.44 )
= 0.6988 + 0.2019 = 0.9007
5 P{ X = 0.25} = 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 X
2(1 1 x 2 ),
0,
1 f ( x) =
x,
2 f ( x) = 2 x,
0,
1 x 2
0 x <1
1 x < 2
X F ( x ) 2 f ( x ) F ( x )
1 x < 1 Fx=0 1 x < 2
F ( x) =
= 2 (1
1
= 2x +
1
1
)dt = 2(t + )
2
t
t
1
)dt
t2
x
1
2
4
x
x 2 Fx=1
0,
F ( x) = 2 x + 4,
x
1,
x <1
1 x < 2
x2
F ( x) =
1 x < 2
F ( x) =
1 2
x
2
f (t )dt
1
1
= tdt + (2 t )dt = + (2t t 2 ) 1x
0
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
= + 2 x x2 2 + = x2 + 2 x 1
2
2
2
2
1
x 2 Fx=1
0,
1
x2 ,
2
F ( x) =
1 x 2 + 2 x 1
2
1,
x<0
0 x <1
1 x < 2
x2
2 x P{ X > x} 0.05
X X N (110,12 2 )
X 110
N (0,1)
12
1
}
12
12
5
5
= ( ) = 1 ( )
12
12
= 1 (0.4167)
P{ X 105} = P{
= 1 0.6628 = 0.3372
}
12
12
12
5 X 110 5
= P( <
)
6
12
6
5
5
5
= ( ) ( ) = 2 ( ) 1
6
6
6
= 2 (0.833) 1 = 2 0.7967 1 = 0.5934
2 P{ X > x} 0.05
1 P{ X x} 0.05, P{ X x} 0.95
P{
X 110 x 110
} 0.95
12
12
x 110
1.645 x 129.74 x 129.74
12
33
33
------------------------------------------------------------------------------33 X
X
-2
-1
Pk
1
5
1
6
1
5
1
15
11
30
Y = X 2
Y = X 2 0149
1
5
2
P{Y = 1} = P{ X = 1} = P{ X = 1} + P{ X = 1}
1 1
7
= + =
6 15 30
P{Y = 4} = P{ X 2 = 4} = P{ X = 2} + P{ X = 1}
1
= P{ X = 2} =
5
P{Y = 9} = P{ X 2 = 9} = P{ X = 3} + P{ X = 3}
P{Y = 0} = P{ X 2 = 0} = P{ X = 0} =
= P{ X = 3} =
11
30
Pk
1
5
7
30
1
5
11
30
Y X X -1 1 Y 1 P{Y = 1}
P{ X = 1}P{ X = 1}
Y Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 X 01
1 Y = e X
2 Y = 21nX
X
1,
f X ( x)
0,
0 < x <1
Y Y
1 FY ( y ) Y FY ( y )
Y
y < 1 FY ( y ) =0 1 y < e
FY ( y ) = P{Y y} = {e X y} = P{ X 1ny} =
1ny
y e FY ( y ) =1
dx = 1ny
y <1
0,
FY ( y ) = ln y,
1,
1 y < e
ye
1
dFY ( y ) ,
fY ( y ) =
=y
dy
0,
1 y < e
2 y 0 FY ( y ) =0 y 0
FY ( y ) = P{Y y} = P{21nX y}
y
= P{ X e 2 }
1
= 2y dx = 1 e 2
e
0,
FY ( y ) =
y
2
1 e
y<0
y0
1 y
dFY ( y ) e 2 ,
fY ( y ) =
= 2
dy
0,
y>0
y0
Y FY ( y )
1 Y = e X y = e x
y = e x x = 1ny
fY ( y ) = f X (1ny )
dx 1
= 1 < y < e
dy y
dx 1
=
dy y
1
,
fY ( y ) = y
0,
1< y < e
a = min{e0 , e} = 1, = max{e 0 , e} = e
2 Y = 21nX y = 21nx x = e
y
2
dx
1 y
= e 2
dy
2
1 y 1 1 y
e 2 ,= e 2 ,
fY ( y ) = 2
y 2
0,
y>0
y0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 XN01
1 Y = e X
2 Y = 2 X 2 + 1
3Y = X
X
2
1 x2
fY ( y ) =
e
2
( < x < +)
Y FY ( y ) Y fY ( y )
1 y 0 FY ( y ) = 0 y 0
FY ( y ) = P{Y y} = P{e x y}
2
= P{ X 1ny} =
1ny
1 x2
e dx
2
1
(1ny )2
dFY ( y )
fY ( y ) =
= 2 y e 2
dy
0,
y>0
y0
2 y 1 FY ( y ) =0 y 1
FY ( y ) = P{Y y} = P{2 X 2 + 1 y}
= P{ X 2
y 1
2
y 1
y 1
} = P{ X
2
2
1 x2
e dx = 2
0
2
y 1
2
y 1
}
2
2
1 x2
e dx
2
y 1
1
e 4 ,
dF ( y )
fY ( y ) = Y
= 2 ( y 1)
dy
0,
y >1
y 1
3 y 0 FY ( y ) = 0 y 0
FY ( y ) = P{Y y} = P{ X y}
2
y
1 x2
1 x2
e dx = 2
e dx
0
2
2
2 y
dFY ( y )
e 2,
fY ( y ) =
=
dy
0,
y>0
y0
Y fY ( y )
1Y = e X y = e x x = 1ny
dx 1
=
dy y
Y
(1ny )
1
e 2 ,
fY ( y ) = 2 y
0,
2
y>0
y0
2 Y = 2 X 2 + 1 y = 2 x 2 + 1 x 0
x=
y 1
y 1
x 0 x =
y > 1
2
2
fY ( y ) = [ f X (
=[
=
y 1
y 1 dx
) + fX (
)]
2
2
dy
1 y41
1 y41 1
1
e
+
e ]
2
2
2 2 y 1
y 1
1
e 4
2 ( y 1)
y 1 fY ( y ) =0
y 1
1
e 4 ,
fY ( y ) = 2 ( y 1)
0,
y >1
y 1
(3) Y = X y = x ,, x = y ,
dx
= 1 y 0 fY ( y ) = 0 y 0
dy
fY ( y ) =
2
2
y2
2
1 =
y2
2
2 y
e 2,
fY ( y ) =
0,
y>0
y0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------361 X f ( x ) x Y = X 3
2 X
e x ,
f ( x) =
0,
x>0
Y = X 2
Y FY ( y ) fY ( y )
FY ( y ) fY ( y )
1
FY ( y ) = P{Y y} = P{ X 3 y}
= P{ X
=
( < y < +)
y}
f ( x) dx
fY ( y ) =
dF ( y )
1 2
= f (3 y) y 3
dy
3
( y 0)
2 y < 0 FY ( y ) =0 y 0
e x dx = (e x )
y
0
= 1 e
y}
0,
FY ( y ) =
1 e
y<0
y0
1 y
e , y>0
FY ( y ) = 2 y
y0
0,
Y fY ( y )
1Y = X 3 y = x3 x =
dx 1 23
= y
dy 3
1 2
fY ( y ) = f ( 3 y ) y 3
3
( y 0)
2Y = X 3 y = x 2 x > 0 y = x 2
x y
fY ( y ) = f ( y )
dx
1
y 0 fY ( y ) =0 y > 0
=
dy 2 y
1
2 y
1
2 y
1 y
e ,
fY ( y ) = 2 y
0,
y>0
y0
12.
2.13
378910
1013
1318
1822
XY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 12 2
12 XY
0,
X =
1,
0,
Y =
1,
1
2 X Y
10
2
, P{ X = 1} =
12
12
10
2
Y P{Y = 0} =
, P{Y = 1} = XY
12
12
1X P{ X = 0} =
0001
1011XY
P{ X
P{ X
P{ X
P{ X
102 25
= 0, Y = 0} = 2 =
12
36
10 2 5
= 0, Y = 1} =
=
122
36
2 10 5
= 1, Y = 0} =
=
122
36
2 2 1
= 1, Y = 1} = 2 =
12
36
XY { X = 0, Y = 0}
{ X = 0} {Y = 0}
{( X = 0) (Y = 1)}
{ X = i}{Y = j}(i, j = 0,1)
P{ X = 0, Y = 0} = P{ X = 0}P{Y = 0} =
10 10 25
=
12 12 36
XY
X
Y
25
36
5
36
5
36
1
36
P{ X = 0, Y = 0} =
P102 10 9 45
=
=
P122 12 11 66
P{ X = 0, Y = 1} =
P101 P21 10 2 10
=
=
P122
12 11 66
P{ X = 1, Y = 0} =
P21 P101
2 10 10
=
=
2
12 11 66
P12
P22
2
1
P{ X = 1, Y = 1} = 2 =
=
P12 12 11 66
P{ X = 0, Y = 0} = P{ X = 0}P{Y = 0 X = 0} =
10 9 45
=
12 11 66
XY
X
Y
45
66
10
66
10
66
1
66
------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1 3 2 2 4 X
Y X Y
XY
P{ X = i, Y = j} =
P{ X = 0, Y = 0} = 0
P{ X = 0, Y = 1} = 0
P{ X = 0, Y = 2} =
C30C22C22 1
=
C74
35
P{ X = 1, Y = 0} =
C31C20C23
=0
C74
C31C21C22 6
=
P{ X = 1, Y = 1} =
C74
35
P{ X = 1, Y = 2} =
C31C22C21 6
=
C74
35
P{ X = 2, Y = 0} =
C32C20C21 3
=
C74
35
P{ X = 2, Y = 1} =
C32C21C21 12
=
C74
35
C32C22C20 3
=
P{ X = 2, Y = 2} =
C74
35
P{ X = 3, Y = 0} =
C33C20C21 2
=
C74
35
P{ X = 3, Y = 1} =
C33C21C20
2
=
4
C7
35
P{ X = 3, Y = 3} = 0
XY
X
Y
0
3
35
2
35
6
35
12
35
2
35
1
35
6
35
3
35
------------------------------------------------------------------------------3XY
k (6 x y ),
fY ( x, y ) =
0,
1 k
2 P{ X < 1, Y < 3}
3 P{ X < 1.5}
4 P{ X + Y 4}
f ( x, y ) dxdy = 1
dx k (6 x y )dy = 1
2
dx k (6 x y ) dy = k (6 y xy
2
1 2 4
y ) 2 dx = k (6 2 x) dx
0
2
1
= k (6 x 2 x 2 02 )
2
= 8k
1
8k=1 k=
8
2
1
(6 x y ) dy
8
1 1
1
1 1 7
= (6 y xy y 2 ) 32 dx = ( x) dx
8 0
2
8 0 2
1
P{ X 1, Y 3} = dx
1 7
1
1 6 3
= ( x x 2 ) 10 = =
8 2
2
8 2 8
3
1
(6 x y )dy
8
1 1.5
1
27
= (6 2 x )dx = 6.75 =
0
8
8
32
1.5
P{ X 1.5} = dx
P{ X < 1, Y 4}
2
4 x 1
= dx
(6 x y ) dy
0
2
8
1 2
1
= (6 y xy y 2 ) 24 x dx
8 0
2
1 2
1
1
1
1
= (6 4 x + x 2 )dx = (6 x 4 x 2 + x3 )
0
8
2
8
2
6
1
8
2
= (12 8 + ) =
8
6
3
2
0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------7XY
4.8 y (2 x),
f ( x, y ) =
0,
0 x 1, 0 y x
0 x 1 X
x
fY ( x) = 4.8 y (2 x)dy
0
= 4.8(2 x) ydy
0
1
= 4.8(2 x)( y 2 )
2
2
= 2.4 x (2 x)
x
0
2.4 x 2 (2 x),
f ( x, y ) =
0,
0 x 1
0 y 1 Y
1
2.4 y (3 4 y + y 2 ),
f ( x, y ) =
0,
0 y 1
XY XY f ( x, y ) 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------8XY
e y ,
f ( x, y ) =
0,
0<x< y
x 0 X
+
f X ( x) = e y dx = e x
x
e x ,
f X ( x) =
0,
x>0
x0
y > 0 Y
fY ( y ) = e y dx = ye y
0
y>0
y0
ye x ,
fY ( y ) =
0,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------9XY
cx 2 y ,
f ( x, y ) =
0,
x2 y y
1 C
2
1 f ( x, y ) C
dx 2 cx 2 ydy = 1
x
1
1
1
dx 2 cx 2 ydy = c x 2 ( y 2 ) 1x2 dx =
1
x
1
2
1
c c 1 2
1 1
= ( x dx 2 x 6 dx) = c( ) =
0
2 2 0
3 7
c 1 2
x (1 x 4 ) dx
1
2
4
c
21
4
21
= 1 c =
21
4
2 1 < x < 1 X
1 21
21
f X ( x) = 2 x 2 ydy = x 2 (1 x 4 )
x 4
8
21 2
4
x (1 x ),
f X ( x) = 2
0,
1 < x < 1
0 y 1 Y
fY ( y ) =
y
21 2
21
7
x ydx =
y x 2 dx = y 5 2
y
4
4
2
7 y5 2
y ,
fY ( y ) = 2
0,
0 < y <1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 9 8 X Y
X Y
Y
X
51
52
51
52
53
54
55
0.06
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.10
0.05
0.06
53
54
0.05
0.01
0.10
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.01
55
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.03
(1)
(2) 8 51 ,9 .
(1) X
X
51
Pk
0.28
52
0.28
53
54
55
0.22
0.12
0.20
51
Pk
0.28
52
0.28
53
54
55
0.22
0.09
0.13
P{ X = 51 Y = 51} =
P{ X = 52 Y
P{ X = 53 Y
P{ X = 54 Y
P{ X = 55 Y
51
52
53
54
55
P{ X = k Y = 51}
6
28
7
28
5
28
5
28
5
28
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 9 1 f x y ( x y ) Y =
2 f y x ( y x) X =
3 P{Y
1
1
, X = Y
3
2
1
1
3
1
X = }, P{Y X = }
4
2
4
2
X Y
21 2
4
x (1 x ),
f X ( x) = 2
0,
7 5 2
y ,
fY ( y ) = 2
0,
1 < x < 1
0 < y <1
1 0 < y 1
21 2
x y 2 2 3 2
= x y ,
f ( x, y ) 4
f X Y ( x y) =
= 7 52 3
fY ( y ) 2 y
0,
y <x<
2 2 1 3 2
2
1 x ( ) = 3 2x ,
fX Y (x ) = 3
2
2
0,
1
1
<x<
2
2
2 1 x 1
21 2
x y
2y
4
=
,
f ( x, y )
fY X ( y x ) =
= 21 x 2 (1 x 4 ) 1 x 4
f X ( x) 8
0,
81
2y
=
y,
1 4 40
1
fY X ( y ) = 1 ( )
3
3
0,
1
< y <1
9
x2 y 1
1
X
2
32
2y
=
y,
1 4 15
1
fY X ( y ) = 1 ( )
2
2
0,
1
< y <1
4
P{Y
1
1
1
1
X = } = 1 fY X ( y )dy
4
2
2
4
32
32 1
ydy = ( y 2 )
15 2
4 15
1
= 1
1
1
4
16 16 1 2
( ) =1
15 15 4
1
3
1
1
P{Y X = } = 3 fY X ( y )dy
4
2
2
4
32
32 1
ydy = ( y 2 )
15 2
4 15
1
= 3
=
1
3
4
16 16 3 2 7
( ) =
15 15 4
15
------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 X Y ,X (0,1),Y
1 y 2
e ,
fY ( y ) = 2
0,
y>0
y0
(1) X Y
(2) a a 2 + 2 Xa + Y = 0 a
1,
f X ( x) =
0,
0 < x <1
1 X Y X Y
1 y 2
e ,
f ( x, y ) = f X ( x ) f Y ( y ) = 2
0,
2 a 2 + 2 Xa + Y = 0 4 X 2 4Y 0 X 2 Y 0
P{ X 2 Y 0} = dx
0
x2
1
1 y 2
e
= ( e y 2 )
0
2
x2
x2
0
dx
= (1 e x 2 )dx = 1dx e x 2 dx
2
= 1 e
x2 2
dx
e x 2 dx = 2
2
1 x2 2
e
dx = 2 [ (1) (0)]
2
P{ X 2 Y 0} = 1 0.8555 = 0.1445
x2 2
dx
1 x2 2
e
2
( x) =
------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 X Y ,
1,
f X ( x) =
0,
e y ,
fY ( y ) =
0,
0 x 1
y>0
Z=X+Y
X Y X Y
0 x 1, y > 0
e y ,
f ( x, y ) =
0,
FZ ( z ) f Z ( z ) Z
Z=X+Y Z=X+Y
z < 0 FZ ( z ) = 0;0 z 1
FZ ( z ) = P{Z z} = P{ X + Y z} =
x+ y z
z
= dx
0
zx
e y dy = (e y )
0
zx
0
z
dx
= z e (e 1) = z 1 + e
x
e y dxdy
z 1
z
FZ ( z ) =
x+ y z
e y dxdy = dx
0
zx
e y dy
= [(1 e ( z x ) )]dx = 1 e z (e 1)
0
0,
FZ ( z ) = z 1 + e z ,
1 e z (e 1),
z<0
0 z <1
z1
Z=X+Y
1 e z ,
dF ( z ) z
= e (e 1),
fZ ( z) = Z
dz
0
0 < z <1
z 1
Z=X+Y
fZ ( z) =
f X ( x) fY ( z x)dx
f Z ( z ) = e ( z x ) dx = 1 e z
0
z 1 0 x 1 x < z 0 x 1
z
f Z ( z ) = e ( z x ) dx = e z (e 1)
0
f Z ( z ) = 0
1 e z ,
f Z ( z ) = e z (e 1),
0
0 < z <1
z 1
Z = X + Y , U = X Y = Z U , X = U
J=
x
u
y
u
x
z
y
z
1 0
1 1
=1
UZ
g (u , z ) = f (u , z u ) J
e ( z u ) ,
=
0,
0 u 1, z > 0
Z=X+Y Z
fZ ( z) =
g (u , z )du = e
( z u )
du
fZ ( z) = e
( z u )
du = 1 e
x 1 0 u 1 u < z 0 u < 1
1
fZ ( z) = e
( z u )
du = e (e 1)
f Z ( z ) = 0
z
1 e ,
z
f Z ( z ) = e (e 1),
0,
0 < z <1
z 1
256.
6.17
712
1213
1315
1521
2123
2329
2931
31
------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 0.1, 4 . 10 ,
1,. X , E(X)(
)
4 X b(4, p ) p
10 10 Y
b(10, 0.1)
( k = 0,1, 2, ,10)
(i = 0,1, 2,3, 4)
E ( X ) = np = 4 0.264 = 1.056
------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 X
1
15002 x,
1
f ( x) =
( x 3000),
2
1500
0,
0 x 1500
1500 < x 3000
EX
3000
1
1
xdx + x[
( x 3000)]dx
2
0
1500
1500
15002
1500
3000
3000
1
1
1
=
x 2 dx
x 2 dx +
3000 xdx
2 0
2 1500
2 1500
1500
1500
1500
1
1
1
3000
3000
=
[( x3 ) 1500
( x 3 ) 1500
+ (1500 x 2 ) 1500
]
0
2
1500 3
3
1 15003 30003 15003
=
[
+
3
3 15002 1500
= 500 4000 + 6000 = 1500
E( X ) =
1500
------------------------------------------------------------------------------61 X
X
-2
pk
0.4
0.3
0.3
E ( X ), E ( X 2 ), E (3 X 2 + 5)
E( X ) =
x
k =1
E ( X 2 ) Y = X 2 R Y
Y Y
X
pk
0.3
0.7
17
pk
0.3
0.7
e x ,
f ( x) =
0,
x>0
x0
1 Y = 2 X 2 Y = e 2 x
1 Y = 2 X Y = 2 X y = 2 x
x =
1 y 2
y 1 e ,
fY ( y ) = f ( ) = 2
2 2
0,
y
dx 1
= Y
2
dy 2
y>0
y0
E (Y ) = E (2 X ) =
= ( ye
y 2
= (2e
y 2
1
y e y 2 dy
2
+
0
+ e y 2 dy
+
0
=2
E (Y ) = E (2 X ) = 2 xe x dx = 2
0
2 Y = e
2 x
1
dx 1
Y = e 2 x Y = e 2 x x = 1ny =
2
dy 2 y
Y
1
,
1
1
fY ( y ) = f ( 1ny )
= 2 y
2
2y
0,
0 < y <1
E (Y ) = E (e 2 x ) =
1
2 y
dy =
1 1 12
y dy
2 0
1 2 32
1
= ( y ) 10 =
2 3
3
X
+
E (Y ) = E (e 2 x ) = e2 x e x dx
0
1
= e 3 x dx = ( e3 x )
0
3
+
0
1
3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------12ab
X
1
,
f ( x) = b a
0,
a< x<b
Y Y = (
x2
E (Y ) =
=
=
4(b a)
X 2 X2
) =
2
4
1
dx
ba
x 2 dx =
1
( x3 )
4(b a) 3
b
a
(b 2 + ab + a 2 )
12
------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 V X N (0, 9)
Y
X N (0, 9) X
1
f ( x) =
e 18
3 2
( < x < +)
Y E (Y )
2
1
10
E (Y ) = E (5 X ) = 5 x
e 18 dx =
3 2
3 2
2
1
x 10 +
t =
18te t 18
dt
18 3 2 0
2 t
2
90
3
2
t e dt =
90
3
1
t
2
e dt =
xe
x2
18
dx
90
3
( )
2
1 1
1
( ) =
EY
2 2
2
( ) =
E (Y ) =
1
2 t
90
1
= 45V
2
E ( X 2 ) = D( X ) + [ E ( X )]2
E (Y ) = 5 E ( X 2 ) = 5(9 + 0) = 45V
------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 n 1 n n 1 n
X E ( X )
1,
Xi =
0,
X =
ii
ii
(i = 1, 2, , n)
X
i =1
n n n n !
i n-1n-1 X i
( n 1)! 1
=
n!
n
1
P{ X i = 0} = 1
n
P{ X i = 1} =
1
1
1
+ 0 (1 ) =
n
n
n
E ( X i ) = 1
n
i =1
i =1
E ( X ) = E ( X i ) = E ( X i ) =n
1
=1
n
------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 m X U (0, 2) m 20
A
Y 20=2Y+2X 10=Y+X Y=10-X A=10-XX
X
1
,
f ( x) = 2
0,
0<x<2
2
1
E ( A) = E[(10 X ) X ] = (10 x) x dx
0
2
2
1
1 1
= 5( x 2 ) 02 ( x3 )
2
2 3
0
= 10
3 26
=
= 8.667
4 3
E ( A2 ) = E[((10 X ) X )) 2 ] = (10 x) 2 x 2
0
1
dx
2
1 21
i =1
i =1
X i 5 X i
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
X
i =1
1200 1225
2 Y=
X
i =1
Y 1200 S 1200
S 1200
P{
} > 0.99, (
) > 0.99
35
35
35
S 1200
(
) > 2.33 S > 2.33 35 + 1200 = 1281.55
35
1282kg
------------------------------------------------------------------------------29XY
X
Y
-1
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
-1
0
1
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
X Y X Y
24
X
X
P{ X = X i }
-1
3
8
2
8
3
8
-1
3
8
2
8
3
8
Y
Y
P{Y = y j }
P{ X = 0, Y = 0} = 0, P{ X = 0} =
2
2
, P{Y = 0} = ,
8
8
P{ X = 0, Y = 0} P{ X = 0}P{Y = 0} X Y
XY
3
2
3
E ( X ) = (1) + 0 + 1 = 0
8
8
8
3
2
3
E (Y ) = (1) + 0 + 1 = 0
8
8
8
3
2
3 3
D( X ) = D( X 2 ) = (1) 2 + 0 + 1 =
8
8
8 4
3
2
3 3
D(Y ) = D(Y 2 ) = (1) 2 + 0 + 1 =
8
8
8 4
XY
XY
-1
Pk
2
8
4
8
2
8
P{ XY = 1} = P{ X = 1, Y = 1} + P{ X = 1, Y = 1}
1 1 2
= + =
8 8 8
P{ XY = 1} = P{ X = 1, Y = 1} + P{ X = 1, Y = 1}
1 1 2
= + =
8 8 8
P{ XY = 0} = 1 P{ XY = 1} + P{ XY = 1}
2 2 4
= 1 =
8 8 8
2
4
2
E ( XY ) = (1) + 0 + 1 = 0
8
8
8
X Y
XY =
COV ( X , Y )
E ( XY ) E ( X ) E (Y )
=
=0
D( X ) D(Y )
D( X ) D(Y )
X Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------31XY
1,
f ( x, y ) =
0,
E ( X ), E (Y ), COV ( X , Y )
XY
1
E ( X ) = dx xdy = 2 x 2 dx =
2
3
E (Y ) = dx ydy = 0
x
COV ( X , Y ) = E ( XY ) E ( X ) E (Y ) = 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 100 16
16 1920
X X
x
1 100
e
,
f ( x) = 100
0,
x>0
x0
16 X 1 , X 2 , , X 16
100 16 Y =
16
X
i =1
E ( X i ) = 100, D( X i ) = 1002
16
16
i =1
i =1
}
16 1002
16 1002
Y 1600
320
= 1 P{
}
2
400
16 100
1 (0.8) = 1 0.7881 = 0.2119
(i)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 0.5kg
0.1kg, 5000 2510kg ?
. X i i (i=1,2,,5000),
5000
E ( X i ) = 0.5, D( X i ) = 0.12
Y = Xi
i =1
Y 2500
N01
50
X N (52, 6.32 )
X 52
N (0,1)
6.3 6
50.8 52 X 52
<
}
6.3 6
6.3 6
= (1.714) (1.143)
= 0.9564 (1 0.8729)
= 0.8293
(i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. N (20,3) 1015 0.3
X1 =
1 10
1 15
X
,
X
=
X 2i X 1 X 2
1i 2 15
10 i =1
i =1
( X 1 X 2 ) N (0,
P{ X 1 X 2 > 0.3} = {P
= 1 P{
X1 X 2
12
1
3 3
+ ) X 1 X 2 N (0, )
10 15
2
X1 X 2
0.3
>
12
12
0.3 1 2}
= 2 2 (0.424)
= 2 2 0.6628 = 0.6744
------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 X b(1, p), X 1 , X 2 , , X n X
1 ( X 1 , X 2 , , X n )
n
X
i =1
3 E ( X ), D ( X ), E ( S 2 )
1 X 1 , X 2 , , X n ( X 1 , X 2 , , X n )
n
p( x1 , x2 , , xn ) = p (1 p)
xi
1 xi
xi
= p i=1 (1 p)
n
n xi
i =1
( xi = 0,1;i =1,2,, n )
i =1
2 X 1 , X 2 , , X n n
1, iA
Xi =
0, iA
n A X =
X
i =1
P{ X = x} = Cnx p x (1 p ) n 1
3
X b( n, p )
x = 0,1, 2, , n)
E( X ) = E(
1 n
1 n
1 n
X
)
=
(
X
)
=
i n
p = p,
i
n i =1
n i =1
i =1
D( X ) = D(
=
1
n2
1 n
1
Xi ) = 2
n i =1
n
p(1 p) =
i =1
D( X )
i
i =1
p (1 p )
n
2
E ( S 2 ) S
S2 =
1 n
( X i X )2
n 1 i =1
1 n
( X i2 2 X i X + ( X )2 )
n 1 i =1
n
n
1 n 2
[ X i 2 X X i + ( X ) 2 ]
n 1 i =1
i =1
i =1
1 n 2
[ X i 2 n( X ) 2 + n ( X ) 2 ]
n 1 i =1
1 n 2
[ X i n( X ) 2 ]
n 1 i =1
1 n
[ E ( X i2 )2 nE (( X ) 2 )]
n 1 i =1
1 n
p (1 p )
=
[ ( p (1 p ) + p 2 ) n(
+ p 2 )]
n 1 i =1
n
1
[np (1 p ) + np 2 p (1 p ) np 2 ]
=
n 1
1
=
(n 1) p (1 p ) = p (1 p )
n 1
E(S 2 ) =
E ( X i ) = E ( X ) = p, D( X i ) = D( X ) = p (1 p )(i = 1, 2, , n);
n
E (
X ) = E ( X ), D( X ) = D( X )
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
E ( X ) = E ( X ), D ( X ) =
D( X )
, E ( S 2 ) = D( X )
n
------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
7 X x ( n), X 1 , X 2 , , X 10 X E ( X ), D ( X ), E ( S 2 )
X 6 X
n
x
1
1
2
2
x
e
,
n n2
f ( x) = ( )2
2
0,
x>0
x0
E( X ) =
n
x
1
1
2
2
x
x e dx
n
n 2
( )2
2
n+2
x
+
1 dx
1
2
2
x
e
n
n 2 0
( )2
2
n+ 2
n+2 2
)2
(
n+2
x
+
1
1
2
2
2
=
x
e dx
n
n+ 2
n 2 0
n+2 2
)2
( )2
(
2
2
n+2
n n 2
( )2
= 2 2 n
n
( )2 2
2
n+ 2
x
1
1
2
2
x
e
dx
n+2
n+2 2
(
)2
2
( n + 2) X 2 1
E( X 2 ) =
n
x
1
1
2
2
x
e
dx
n n2
( )2
2
n+ 4
x
+
1 dx
1
2
2
x
e
n n 0
( )2 2
2
n + 4 n +2 4
(
)2
n+4
x
+
1
1
2
2
2
=
x
e
dx
n n2 0
n + 4 n +2 4
( )2
(
)2
2
2
n + 4 n +2 4
(
)2
2
=
n n2
( )2
2
n + 2 n n n +2 4
i ( )2
2
2 2
=
= n(n + 2)
n n2
( )2
2
D( X ) = E ( X 2 ) [ E ( X )]2 = n(n + 2) n 2 = 2n
X 2 2
E( X ) = E( X ) = n
D ( X ) 2n n
=
=
n
10 5
E ( S 2 ) = D ( X ) = 2n
D( X ) =
------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 N ( , 2 ) 16 , 2
1 P{S 2
2 2.041} S 2
2
2 D S
P{
S2
(n 1) S 2
X 2 (n 1)
15S 2
2.041} = P{ 2 15 2.041}
15S
= 1 P{ 2 > 30.615}
= 1 0.01 = 0.99
15S 2
X 2 (15)
(2)
15S 2
X2
15S 2
15S 2
D( 2 ) = 2 15 = 30, 4 D( S 2 ) = 30
30 4 2 4
D( S ) =
=
152
15
2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
113
------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 8 mm 74.001 74.005 74.003 74.001
74.000 73.998 74.006 74.002 , S
2
X X E ( X ) =
D( X ) = 2
= x,
= B2 =
1 n
( xi x) 2
n i =1
1 8
xi = 74.002
8 i =1
1 8
B2 = ( xi x) 2 = 6 106
8 i =1
x=
= 74.002,
2
= 6 106
1 n
1 8
2
s =
( xi x) = ( xi x) 2 = 6.86 10 6
n 1 i =1
7 i =1
2
x, B2 , s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 X 1 , X 2 , , X n x1 , x2 , , xn
c x ( +1) ,
x>c
0,
1 f ( x) =
c > 0 > 1,
x
0,
2 f ( x ) =
0 x 1
> 1,
m
3 P{ X = x} = ( ) p (1 p )
x
m x
E( X ) =
x c x ( +1) dx = c
x dx
1 ( +1) +
= c (
x
)c
1
c1
c
= c (
)=
1
1
x1 , x2 , , xn x
c
x
x
X
= x =
=
=
1
xc
xc
X c
X =
1 n
X i
n i =1
X c
2
1
E( X ) = x x
0
dx = x dx =
0
x1 , x2 , , xn
1+
x 2
= x = (
)
1 x
1+
X 2
)
1 X
= (
3 X b( m, p ) E ( X ) = mp x1 , x2 , , xn
mp = x p p =
x
X
p p =
m
m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 X
X
Pk
2 (1 )
(1 ) 2
(0 < < 1) x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 1
2 X 1 , X 2 , , X n
1 E ( X ) = 1 2 + 2 2 (1 ) + 3 (1 ) 2 = 3 2
x =
1+ 2 +1 4
5
= 3 2 =
3
3
6
L( ) = 4 2 (1 ) = 2 5 (1 )
d1nL( ) 5
1
=
=0
d
1
5
=
6
2 X
P{ X = x} =
e x
x = 0,1, 2,
x!
E ( X ) = = X = X
n
n
e xi
1
L ( ) =
= e n ( ) xi
xi !
i =1
i =1
i =1 xi !
n
i =1
i =1
1nL( ) = n 1nxi ! + xi 1n
d1nL( )
= n + i =1
xi
=0
1 n
xi = x = X
n i =1
16 9
6.0 5.7 5.8 6.5 7.0 6.3 5.6 6.1 5.0
N ( , ) 0.95
2
(1) = 0.6(); 2
Z =
X
N (0,1)
n
1 a = 0.95
P{
X
< z0.025 } = 0.95
n
z0.025 =0.96
P{ X
1.96} = 0.95
0.95
(X
1.96, X +
1.96)
x = 6 = 0.6, n = 9 0.95
(6
0.6
0.6
1.96, 6 +
1.96) = (5.608, 6.392)
3
3
2 t
t =
X
t (n 1)
S n
1 a = 0.95 P{
X
< t0.025 (8)} = 0.95
S n
P{ X
S
S
2.3060 < < X +
2.3060} = 0.95
n
n
0.95
(X
S
S
2.3060, X +
2.3060)
n
n
, x = 6 , s = 0.5745 .
0.95
(6
0.5745
0.5745
2.3060, 6 +
2.3060) = (5.558, 6.442)
3
3
, t ,,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 9 s = 11 m s
0.95
2
X2 =
(n 1) S 2
X 2 (n 1)
1 a = 0.95
2
P{ X 0.975
(8) <
(n 1) S 2
2
< X 0.025
(8)} = 0.95
2
2
(8) = 2.180, X 0.025
(8) = 17.535
X 2 X 0.975
P{
(n 1) S 2
(n 1) S 2
< <
} = 0.95
17.535
2.180
0.95
2
(n 1) S 2 (n 1) S 2
,
)
17.535
2.180
n = 9, s = 11 0.95
2
8 112 8 112
(
,
) = (55.2, 444.0)
17.535 2.180
0.95
A B 0.95
2
F=
S A2
A2
S 2
B
F (n1 1, n2 1)
2
B
1 a = 0.95
S A2
2
S A2
B
2
B
A2
S A2
P{ 2
<
<
= 0.95
S B F0.025 (9,9) B2 S B2 F0.975 (9, 9)
S A2
F0.975 (9, 9) =
1
2
A2 0.95
F0.975 (9, 9)
B
0.5419
0.5419 4.03
,
) = (0.222,3.601)
4.03 0.6065
0.6065
------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 100 16
0.95
X 0-1
P{ X = x} = p (1 p )1 x
( x = 0,1)
100
p 100 X 1 , X 2 , , X 100
X
i =1
X =
100
1 100
-
X
Xi
i
100 i =1
i =1
100
N (100 p,100 p (1 p )) Z =
X
i =1
100 p
100 p (1 p )
1 a = 0.95
100
P ={
X
i =1
100 p
100 p (1 p )
Xp
< z0.025 } 0.95
p (1 p ) 100
P ={
Xp
< z0.025
p (1 p ) 100
2
2
(100 + z0.025
) p 2 (2 100 X + z0.025
) p + 100( X )2 < 0
p1 =
p2 =
2
2
2
200 X + z0.025
(200 X + z0.025
) 2 400(100 + z0.025
)( X ) 2
2
2(100 + z0.025
)
2
2
2
200 X + z0.025
+ (200 X + z0.025
)2 400(100 + z0.025
)( X ) 2
2
2(100 + z0.025
)
p 0.95
( p1 , p2 )
z0.025 = 1.96 x =
16
= 0.16 p1 , p2
100
p 0.95
(0.102, 0.244)
p 0.95
X (1 X )
1.96, X +
100
(X
X (1 X )
1.96)
100
x = 0.16 p 0.95
(016
0.16 0.84
0.16 0.84
1.96, 016 +
1.96) = (0.088, 0.232)
100
100
p L = 0.142 p
L = 0.144 D( X ) =
p (1 p )
p X
------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 5 %
3.25 3.27 3.24 3.26 3.24
, a = 0.01
3.25
X N ( , 2 ), , 2 t
H 0 : = 3.25
H1 : = 3.25
t=
X 3.25
t (n 1)
S n
t
2
a = 0.01
(, 4.6041][4.6041,+)
x =
s=
1 5
xi = 3.252
5 i =1
1 5
( xi x)2 = 0.013 t
4 i =1
t=
x = 3.252
------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. 1000 25
950 = 100
= 0.05
X N ( ,100 2 )
2
Z=
X 1000
N (0,1)
n
Z =
X 1000
N (0,1)
n
a = 0.05
P{Z z0.05 } = 0.05
( z0.05 > 0)
z0.05 = 1.645
(, 1.645]
z=
H 0 : 1000 H1 H1 X x
c x c
P{H 0 H 0} = P { X c}
H 0
= P 1000 {
X 1000 c 1000
}
n
n
X c 1000
P 1000 {
}
n n
1000
X 1000 c 1000
X c 1000
}{
}
n
n
n n
P{H 0 H 0} a
X c 1000
}= a
n n
P 1000 {
X
c 1000
N (0,1)
= za ( za > 0) c = 1000
za
n
n
n
x 1000
z=
za
x 1000
za
n
a = 0.05 z =
x 1000
z0.05
n
H 0 : 0 , H1 : < 0 ( 0)
H 0 : = 0 , H1 : < 0
z=
x 0
za
n
H 0 : 0 , H1 : > 0
H 0 : 0 , H1 : > 0
z=
x 0
za
n
------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 20 min
9.8,10.4,10.6,9.6,9.7,9.9,10.9,11.1,9.6,10.2,10.3,9.6,9.9,11.2,10.6,9.8,10.5,10
.1,10.5,9.7
N ( , 2 ), , 2
10 a = 0.05
X N ( , 2 ), , 2 t
H 0 : 10, H1 : > 10
3
t=
X 10
t (n 1)
S n
a = 0.05
[1.7291, + )
x = 10.2 s = 0.5099 t
t=
10.2 10
0.2 20
=
= 1.754
0.5099
0.5099 20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 0.005
9 s = 0.007 a = 0.05
H 0 : 0 = 0.005, H1 : 0 = 0.005
s = 0.007 X 2
X 2
X =
2
(n 1) S 2
2
0
X 2 (n 1)
a = 0.05
2
P{ X 2 X 0.05
(8)} = 0.05
[15.507, +)
s = 0.007, n = 9 X 2
8 0.007 2
X =
= 15.68
0.0052
2
X = 15.68
2
X
H 0 : 0.005 H1 H1 S s
2
c s c
2
P{H 0 H 0} = P 0.005 {S 2 c}
= P 0.005{
P 0.005 {
(n 1) S 2
2
0
(n 1) S 2
(n 1)c
02
(n 1)c
02
}
}
P{H 0 H 0} a
P 0.005{
c=
(n 1) S 2
(n 1) S 2
(n 1)c
02
}= a
X2 X2
(n 1)c
= X a2 (n 1)
2
0.005
0.0052 X a2 (n 1)
0.0052 X a2 (n 1)
2
S
(n 1)
(n 1)
X2 =
(n 1) s 2
X a2 (n 1)
0.0052
(n 1) s 2
2
a = 0.05
X 0.05
(n 1)
2
0.005
H 0 : 0.005, H1 : > 0.005 H 0 : 0.005, H1 : > 0.005
------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 10 s = 0.037%
2 2 a = 0.05
H 0 : 0.04%, H1 : < 0.04%
H 0 : 0 = 0.04%, H1 : 0 = 0.04%
X2 =
(n 1) S 2
2
0
X 2 (n 1)
a = 0.05
2
P{ X 2 X 0.95
(9)} = 0.05
s = 0.037% n = 10 X 2
X2 =
9 (0.037%)2
= 7.701
(0.04%) 2
X = 7.701 0.04%
2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------