cifxm;vifrrsm;yg/

aygifwefudkxrf;wifxm;aogaMumifU cifxm;i,f\ zifom;BuD;ESpfckonf

ajymUajymU tdtd yHkUyHkU BuD;jzpfaeonf/ rif;aZmfonf cifxm;i,f\zifom;BuD;ESpfjcrf;udk
vuf0g; wpfck pDjzifU tkyfum cyfwif; wif;udkifvdkufonf/
xdkodkUudkif&mwGif vufacsmif;rsm;udk zifom;ESpfcktv,f½Sd tuGJaMumif;udk
ususee udkifrdap&ef jyKonf/ zifudk cyfwif;wif;qkyfudkifvdkufaomtcg
ziftuGJaMumif;udk qGJjzJ ovdk jzpfoGm;onf/ vufnd§; ESpfacsmif;u
ptdkESifUvufESpfvHk;omomcefU a0;aom ae&mwGif½Sdonf/ rif;aZmfu xdkvufnd§;rsm;wGif
zdtm;udk ydkxnfhay;vdkufjcif;jzifU ptdk0av;udkrjyJwjyJ qGJjzJ aeonfh oabmrdsK;jzpfonf/
xdkUaemufvD;udk tomqGJxkwfvdkuf jyefoGif;vdkuf an§mifUvdk;av; vdk;ay;vdkuf
onf . ..vD;BuD;u wdk;0ifvkduf jyefxGufvkduf jzpfonfESifUtrQ tzkwfxJrSapmufa&rSm
tjyifodkU vQH xGufcg zifacgif;wavQmuf atmufodkU pD;usonf/ pD;usvmaom
apmufa&MunfwdkUonf ptdk0av;udk jzwfíoGm;&m ptkd0av;rSm at;ueJ aEG;ueJjzifU
,m;usdusdjzpfvmonf/
cifxm;i,f\ zifaygufrSm t½dkif;r[kwf..ziftydsKr[kwf..y,fy,fe,fe,f
tvdk;cH xm;&aom zifaygufjzpfonf/ onfvdkpdkpdk pGwfpGwfjzpfvmaomtcg
,m;ovdkvdkESifU r½dfk;r½G jzpfvmonf/ zifcHjcifaom pdwfrsm;wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:vmonf/
þtcdsefrSmyif rif;aZmfonf apmufa&Munfrsm;pD;um pkdpdkpGwfpGwf jzpfaeaom
cifxm;i,f\ zifaygufxJodkU ol\nmvuf cv,fudk qwfueJoGif;vdkufonf/
]] pGwf..}} ]] tdk;..rmrD..}}
rif;aZmfuvnf; apmufzkwfxJudk vD;oGif;&mwGif n§ifomoavmuf?
zifacgif;aygufxJ vufxdk; oGif;&mwGifawmU tawmfMurf;onf/
vufcv,fwpfacsmif;vHk;udk wpfcsufxnf;ESifU tqHk;0ifatmif
wtm;xdk;oGif;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
vD;acsmif;BuD;rsm; wtm;xdk;oGif;um vdk;wmudkyifcHzl;NyD;aom zifacgif;ayguf
jzpfonfhtwGuf vufcv,fudkawmU ta&;rvkkyfyg? xdk;xJUvdkuf&mwGif
avQmueJ0ifoGm;onf/ odkUaomf rif;aZmfu vufcv,fudk onftwdkif;
tajzmifUxdk;oGif;jcif;r[kwfbJ.. cyfaumuf aumufav; jyKum
xdk;oGif;vkdufonfhtwGuf txdtawGUuawmU wrllxl;onf/ qef;onf
..aumif;wmvJaumif;onf/
zifvdk;wmudkcHzl;aom cifxm;i,frSm ( olronf zifvdk;wmudk cHbl;,Hkomru
zifayguf apgufzkwf yg;pyfaygufwdkUwGif vD;oHk;acsmif;wpfNydKifxJ xdk;oGif;vkd;wmudk
cHbl;onf/) zifacgif;aygufxJodkU vufacsmif; xdk;oGif;wm cH&,HkrQESifU
&ifxJzdkarmvIdKufoGm;&onf/ rif;aZmfonf umrrIüwpfu,fuRrf;usifoljzpf
aMumif;udk cifxm;i,f0efcHygonf/
1
 rif;aZmfonf cifxm;i,fudk pwifíaqmifUvdk;ygavawmUonf/
xdkodkUvdk;&mwGif apgufzkwfxJ½Sd vD;ESifU zifacgif;aygufxJ xdk;oGif;xm;aom
vufcv,fwdkUuddk tcsdefudkufvIyf½Sm;ay;onf/ apmufzkwfudk vD;jzifUvdk;um zifaygufudk
vufcv,fjzifU vdk;jcif; jzpfonf/
onfvdk vD;ESifUvufcv,f NydKifwlvdkvdk vdk;jcif;onf cifxm;i,fudk tjywf
cdkufoGm; aponf/ cifxm;i,f\ wpfudk,fvHk; vl;vl; vGefUvGefU jzpfaeavawmUonf/
rif;aZmfonf wpfcsifjcif;rSefrSefaqmifUonf xdkaqmifUcsufwkdif;wGif
tm;tjynfhygvsuf vD;t0if eufum xdrdvaS yaomaMumifU wpfcsufqdk qdkoavmuf
cifxm;i,fwpfa,muf aumUysHoGm;avonf? ptdkaygufxJodkU vnf; vufcv,fudk
tqHk;oGif;vdkuf uRwfvkvk qGJxkwfvdkuf tm;jzifU qyfueJjyef aqmifUxdk;vdkuf
vkyfay;onf/
]] bGwf..cspf ..bGwf..tifU ]]
]] bGwf..bGwf..pGyf..Aspf.>ywf }}
]] tm; ..atmifr,fav; aumif;vdkufwm½Sif }}
cifxm;i,f &rufjyif;vmonf olronf &rufpdwfjyif;xefNyDd; ESmxvmvsif
&ifom;tpHkudk cyfwif;wif; qGJum cyfjyif;jyif;aqmifUvdk;wmudk t&rf;cHcsifonf/ ,ck
rif;aZmf \ vufwpfzufu olr\ zifukd vdk;aqmfaeNyD;
usefvufwpfzufuawmUab;em;udkaxmufum tm;jyKxm;&ay&m EdkUudkqGJ&ef
vuftydkfr½SdbJjzpfaeonf/ EdkUtHkESpfckudk pHkudkifumqGJEdkif&ef zifaygufudkvdk;aeonfh
vufcv,fudkvTwf& ayrnf/ xdkodkUvufcv,fjzifU zifacgif;aygufxJ xdk;um
vdk;ay;aeonfuvnf; cHvdkUaumif;vSay&m xdkt&omudkvnf; rysufapvdk..?
axmufum tm;jyKxm;aom vufwpfzufjzifU &ifom;ESpfvHk;udk wpfvSnfhpD qkyfe,f
ay;cdkif; vsif aumif;rnfvm;[k pOf;pm;rdao;onf/ odkU&mwGif þodkUvkyfygu
tm;jyKaxmuf xm;rIysufum aqmifUcsuftm;avsmUNyD; vD;t0if odwfreuf½Idif;
rxda&mufawmUbJ t&om ysufoGm;rSm udk cifxm;i,f&dyfpm;rdao;onf/
xdkUaMumifU cifxm;i,fonf rdrd\EdkUtHkBuD;ESpfckudk rdrdvufrsm;jzifU
jyefíwtm;qkyfe,fum w[if; [if;jzifU zDvifawG tjywfwufaeonf/
rsufvHk;yifaumif;pGm rzGifUEdkifawmUay../ 'gudkjrif&awmU rif;aZmfrSmvnf; wrdsK;wpfzHk
pdwfydkívIyf½Sm;vmonf/ xdkUaMumifU aqmifUcsufrsm;udk jrefay;vdkufonf/
wpfcsifjcif;rSefrSefaqmifUvdk;raeawmU ? qufwkduf pufaoewfypfonfhe,f
w&Murf;aqmifUvdk;onf/ vufcv,fudkvnf; zifayguf xJodkU jrefqefpGmxdk;oGif;
jyefxkwf cyfMurf;Murf;vkyfonf/
vD;ESifUvufacsmif;xdk;oGif;vdkufwkdif;onf? vdk;aeolrif;aZmfESifU tvdk;cHaeol
cifxm;i,fwdkU ESpfa,mufvHk;\ aoG;om;rsm; qla0vmonf/ rif;aZmfu vD;ESifU
vufcv,f wdkUudk tm;tiftjynfhjzifU xdk;aqmifUzdoGif;vdkufavwdkif; cifxm;i,fonf
2
apgufzkwfESifY zifacgif;xJodkU0ifvmonfh vD;wefESifU vufacsmif;wdkUudk qD;íqD;í n§yfay;
n§pfay; pkyf,l ay;aeonf/ apgufzkwftwGif;om;eSifU zifacgif; <uufom;rsm;udk
aumif;aumif;BuD; tvkyf ay; aeonf/
rif;aZmfu ydkíjyif;jyif;aqmifUvdk;onf/ ydfkíMurf;Murf; vdk;onfan§mifUonf..
cifxm;i,fuvnf; rif;aZmf\ vdk;csufaqmifUcsufrsm;ESifUtNydKif zifqHkBuD;udk aumUum
yifUum cg;uav;EGJUum ,rf;umESifU tjywfudkcH,lonf
atmufay;aumif;aumif;ay;nf apgufa&awGuvnf; pdk½TJaeNyDrdkU toHrsm;u wbGwf
bGwfjrnfaeonf/ cifxm;i,frSmvnf; NyD;vkkvkjzpfvmNyDrdkU wpfudk,fvHk;\
aoG;aMumawG qlyGufíaeonf &ifvnf;w'def;'def; ckefvsuf½Sdonf/
cifxm;i,fonf aumif;vGef;vSonfjzpf&m yg;pyfrS ]] tm;..tm;.. [ifU
..jrefjrefeJU Murf;Murf; aqmifUvdk;ay;yg udkaZmf&,f..aumif;vGef;vdkUyg..aqmifUyg.
...tm;..NyD;awmU r,f. .NyD;awmUr,f.. aqmifYyg..vdk;yg
vdk;yg..tm;..tm;..aqmifUaqmifU ...tm;..}}
cifxm;i,fu tmomief;ief;yifawmif;qdkonf ajymqdkyHkonf
tirf;r&jzpfaomfvnf; &rufaZm [keftvGeftrif;xufoefaeonfrdkU pum;oHuawmU
wkefwkefcdkufcdkufjzpfaeonf/ rif;aZmfrSmvnf; va&uyef;cgeD;NyDrdkU
t&rf;udkaqmifUvdk;aeonf/ ol&Jr&JpD;onfhES,f cifxm;i,f\apgufzkwfudk rD;yGifUrwwf
Murf;wrf;pGm aqmifUvdk;aeonf/ rif;aZmf udk,fwdkif vnf; rdrdenf;wl umrt&omudk
cHpm;ae&aMumif; cifxm;i,fu od½Sdaeavonf/ onfvdkomqdkygu
rdrdwdkUESpfa,mufNydKifwlNyD;awmUrnfjzpfaMumif;cifxm; i,fu &dyfrdum 0rf;om
auseyfvsuf½Sdonf/
cifxm;i,ftzdkU umrpyf½Sufjcif;onf ( apgufzkwf ? zif? yg;pyff? EdkUtHkMum; )
bmrQrqef;yg odkUaomf ,ckuJUodkU umrpdwf t&rf;udkwuf<uum tirf;r&jzpfaewmrdsK;?
t&omxl;uJum Zdrf½Sdwm rsddK; rMuHKbl;yg/ ,ckvnf;
umrr&om\txGwftxdyfudka&mufum NyD;awmUrnfrdkU cifxm;i,f wpfudk,fvHk;
½Sd<uufom;rsm; taMumtcsifrsm;onf tjywfwif;<uvmonf &ifcHkoHuvnf;
jrefvdkufwmrajymygESifU awmU apgufzkwfxJrSvnf; wqwfqwfwkefwufaeonf/
]] tm.tm;..[m;.. tD;...xGufukefNyD.udkaZmfa&..aumif;vdkufwm½Sif
atmifr,fav;. aumif;vdkufwm..}} cifxm;i,fu yg;pyfrS a&½Gwfjrnfwrf;&if;
xGefUxGefU vl;vsuf aumUysHaeonf/ olr \apmufzkwfwGif;rS
pD;xGufvmaomapgufzkwfta&rsm;uvnf; rif;aZmf\ vD;wefBuD;udk
ylaEG;oGm;aponf/ apgufzkwf\ twGif;om;rsm;udkvnf; plyG plyGvkyfay;vdkufjcif;jzifU
vD;wefBuD;udkjzpfn§pfaeovdk zifacgif; onfvnf; wm0efauspGm ½IHUvdkufyGvdkufjzifU
vufcv,fudk pkyf,lvsuf½Sdonf/

3
 rif;aZmfudkf,fwdkifuvnf; t&rf;udk pdwfxaeonfhtjyif cifxm;\
apmufzkwfn§pftm; rSmvnf; aumif;vSonfjzpf&m b,fvdkrSxdrf;rxm;EdkifawmUbJ
va&awG udk cifxm;i,f\ apgufzkwftwGif;odkU tm;ukef yef;xnfhvdkufawmUonf/
]] udkaZmfYva&awG yef;vdkufNyD..xm;a&U..a&mU..tm;..tm;..}} rif;aZmfu
tHBudwfumajym &if;wqyfqyfwkefwufaeavonf/ vHk;uspfaom zifom;ESpfckuvnf;
wGefUcgaeonf acgif;vnf;aygUoGm;\/ olUvD;xdyfrS va&rsm;onf jypfueJ..jypfueJ..
cyfjyif;jyif;udk yef;xGufoGm;onf/ yef;xGuftm;u tawmUudkjyif;xefonf
apgufacgif;\ euf½Idif;vSonfh twGif;ydkif;½Sd tom;EkEkav;rsm;wdkifatmifyif okwfa&wdkU
wdk;0ifa&muf½Sd oGm;onf/
xdkae&mrsm;txd rnfonfha,mufsm;om;\ va&rQa&mufjcif;r½Sdao;;yg/
cifxm;i,f \ aoG;om;rsm;tzdkU xl;uJavaom t&mom tawGUtMuHKopfwpf&yf
yifjzpfawmY onf/
rif;aZmfonf okwfa&yef;xGufvsuf½Sdaom vD;wefBuD;udk cifxm;i,f\
apgufzkwf twGif; tqHk;wdkifatmifyif zduyfxdk;oGif;xm;vsuf cifxm;i,fudk,fay:wGif
qefUiifqefUiifjzpf&if; ZdrfcHaeonf/ cifxm;i,fuvnf; rif;aZmf\vD;udk tm;&yg;&
apgufzkwf<uufom;rsm;jzifUn§pfxm;ovdk aygifBuD;ESpfvHk;uvnf; rif;aZmfudktm;ukef
n§yfxm; vkdufum umrt&omukd wif;jynfhusyfjynfh cHpm;aeonf/
]] aumif;vdkufwm..udkaZmf&,f ..aemufudk 'DvdkrsdK;vdk;ay;&r,faemf..'gbJ}}
]] udkaZmfvnf;aumif;vdkufwm..xm;&,f ..xm;tzkwfu
t&rf;udkaumif;ygvm;uGm 'Dtzkwf xJrSmxkwfay;vdkufwJU va&rdsK; wpfcgrS
ryef;xkwfay;cJU zl;bl;..odwfaumif;w,f uGm..t&rf;udkbJ..}}
okwfa&awGyef;xnfh&if; rif;aZmfuwzGzGajymaeonf/ onfhaemufawmU
ESpfa,muf om; xyfvsufom; rSdef;aeMuonf..vlawGuomrSdef;aeMuonf vD;ESifY
apgufzkwf url rSdef;r aeMuyg taqmifU tvdk; taumYtyifYom &yfoGm;aomfvnf;
t½SdefraoEdkifao;bJ rif;aZmfu vD;udk qwfueJqwfueJvkyf ay;vsuf½Sdovdk
cifxm;i,fuvnf; rif;aZmfESifUtwl tEdkifrcH t½IH;ray;bJ apgufzkwf<uufom;rsm;ESifh
awmifaeqJvD;udk rSefrSef n§pfay;vsuf ½Sdonf/ yg;pyfrSvJ.. ]] t&rf;udkaumif;wmbJ
udkaZmf&,f aemuf wpfcgvdk;&if..apgufzkwfwifrubl; zifudkygvdk;ay;ygaemf..xm;
zifcHcsifw,fuG,f }}
]] xm;eJUvdk;&wm odwfudkaumif;w,fuGm..pdwfcsxm;a&..udkuvnf;xm;zifudk
udk,fUvD;tqHk; oGif;NyD;vdk;csifw,fuGm..}}
twefMumatmifrSdef;aeNyD; touf½SLrSefvmaomtcgrif;aZmfu cifxm;i,f \
nmzuf yg;jyifav;udk erf;vdkufonf/ wpfu,fjrwfEdk;rIESifUerf;onfhterf;rdkU
cifxm;i,f\ &ifxJwGif auseyfESpfodrfUoGm;avonf/

4
 rif;aZmfonf cifxm;i,ftay:rS ab;odkUvSdrf;qif;vdkufonf ,ckxufwkdifyif
rmefruscsifao;aom vD;u cifxm;i,f\ apmufzkwfxJrS
zGwfueJjrnfumuRwfoGm;onf/ cifxm;i,f\ &ifxJwGifvnf; vD;uRwfoGm;í
apgufzkwftwGif;ü acsmifoGm;um &ifxJwGifvnf; [moGm;onf/ va&rsm;
pD;usvsuf½Sdaom rdrd\apgufzkwfudkvnf; rif;aZmfu t0wfwpfckESifU ,k,pGm
okwfvdkufonf ta&;xJt0wfpuapgufapUudk yGwfrdvdkufí MuufoD;rsm;
jzef;jzef;xoGm;&ao;onf/
]] usefaeao;wJU xm;&JU twdwfutjzpfqdk;awGufdk
em;axmifcsifao;vm;udkaZmf..}}
]] ausmfausmfrdk;wdkU vllodkufu xm;udk twif;0dkif;NyD; rk'def;usifUcJUwJUtjyif
tjcm;tjzpfqdk;awG MuHK &ao;vdkUvm;..}}
]] tif;..MuHK&ao;w,f odwfudkqdk;0g;vSwJU tjzpfawGygbJ udkaZmf&,f..}}
cifxm;i,fuajym&if; 0rf;enf;vm&m rsufESmuav;ndK;usoGm;onf/
rif;aZmfu cifxm;i,fudk odkif;zufxm;onf/ cifxm;i,fonf
rif;aZmf\&ifcGifxnf;wGif yg;tyfum 0rf;enf;pdwfjzifU wpfcsuf½Iduf vdkufonf?
rsufvHk;xJrS rsuf&nfwpfpufusvmonf/
]] pdwfraumif;p&mawGudk ajymrjycsif&ifvnf; aeyguG,f/ }} ]] pdwfraumif;p&m
uawmU trSefbJ udkaZmf 'gayrJU xm;ajymjyygr,f? 'Dvdk udk,fUtay:rSm MuifemwJU
vlwpfa,mufqDrSm zGifUxkwfajymjycsif wmMumygNyD..?xm;&JU yaxG;eJYygvmwJUom;u
xm;tay:rSm b,favmuf,kwfrmcJUovJqdkwmudk ajym jycJYNyD;ygNyD../ 'gayrJU xm;&JU
yaxG;u xm;tay:rSm b,favmuf,kwfrmcJUw,fqdkwmajymjyygr,f/}}
]] xm;&JU yaxG;uxm;udk [dk..[dk..}}
]] [kwfw,f oluvnf; xm;udk rk'def;usifUcJUao;w,f usifUwmrS ½dk;½dk;wef;wef;
awmifr[kwfbl;}}
cifxm;i,fu olUudk yaxG;jzpfol OD;ausmfrdk;u &ufpufpGmjyKusifUcJUyHkudk
ca&apUwGif;us jyefajym jyavawmUonf.../
OD;ausmfrdk;onfum; cifxm;i,f\ yaxG;jzpfonf/ cifxm;i,frdcif\
aemuftdrfaxmif jzpfum twlwlaeMuonff/ xkdnu rdcifjzpfol
a':cifxm;vnf;tddrfwGifr½Sday/ OD;ausmfrdk;onf t&ufaomuf wwfoljzpfNyD;
t&ufrl;vmygu aoG;qdk;wwfonf/ xdkodkUt&ufrl;vmvsif rdcifjzpfol a':cifxm;udk
vlrqefpGm vdk;wwfonfudkvnf; cifxm;i,fodonf / tcef;csif;u uyf&ufqdkawmU
toHrsm;u tukef Mum;ae&onf / wcgwkef;u nzufcifxm;i,f
wpfa,mufwa&;Edk;pOfrSm wpfzufcef;rS wdk;wdk;wdk;wkd; ESifUtoHrsm;Mum;&í
em;axmifMunfh&m rdcifjzpfolESifYyaxG;jzpfolwdkU vdk;aeaMumif;od&onf/ pl;prf;vdk
onfhpdwfaMumifU acsmif;Munfh rd&m .. rdcifjzpfoludkav;bufaxmufNyD; aemufrS zifudk
5
vdk;aewmudk awGUvkduf&onf/ xdktcguwnf;u rdef;rawGtwGuf cHp&monf
apmufzkwfom ru zifvnf;cHvdkU &aMumif; vD;udkvnf; pkyfMuaMumif;udk odvdkfuf&onf/
,cknwGif rdcifjzpfolu tjyifodkUoGm;aeNyD; OD;apmrdk;onf t&ufrsm;rl;aeonf/
cifxm;i,fvnf; tcef;xJwGif 0ifí*sufcsxm;vdkufonf/ xdkodkUwHcg;ydwf*sufcsNyD;
csdefrSmyif OD;ausmfrdk; tcef;a½SUodkU a&muf vmonf/
]] a[U i,fi,f wHcg;zGifUprf; igUom;ajymjyxm;wJU eifUtaMumif;awGeJU
ygwfoufNyD; ajymp&m½Sdw,f igeifeJU pum;eJeJajymcsifw,f..}}
]] [ifUtif; tefu,f t&ufrl;aew,f 'Dvdkrl;aewkef; i,fi,fpum;rajymcsifbl;
}}
]] awmuf acG;aumifrav; apgufpum;r½SnfeJU wHcg;udkzGifUprf; rzGifU&if
igtwif;zGifUNyD; 0ifvm rSmaemf }} ]][ifUtif; [ifUtif; rzGifYbl; rzGifUbl; }}
cifxm;i,fonf tdyf,may:wGifaMumufvefUpGm ukwfukwfuav; ae&if;
toHukef jyefatmfonf aMuufpdwfjzifU olrwpfudk,fvHk; wkef&ifaeonf/
olronf &m*<u,f0um ESmBuD; aoG;qlaom rdef;rpm;rdsK;jzpf&m wenf;enf;jzifU
pdwfvIyf½Sm;rd onfESifU &rufaZm Edk;Mum;vmjrJjzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; tvGefaMumufUvefU
wkefvIyf ae&m aMumufpdwfESifU ,SOfonfh &rufaZm Edk;Mum;rIjzpfaeonf/
cifxm;i,f\apgufzkwfonf wdk;íwdk;íazgif;<uaeonf/ EdkUoD;acgif;rsm;
axmifxvmonf/ onfMum;xJ nzufrdrdtdyfcef;xJwGif ½SdaecsdefrfdkU
twGif;cHabmif;bDvnf; 0wfrxm; bavmuftusÐESifU wufx½GefxrD wygwfEGrf;udkom
wpfxyfwnf; 0wfxm;onf/
bavmuftusÐrSm ta[mif;jzpfum ,ckudk,fvHk;ESifU tawmfudkusyfaeonf/
tom;uyf tajc taeeD;yg;jzpfaeonf/ NyD;awmUyg;vSyfjcif;r½Sdaomfvnf;
ajymif;tdaom tvyfpwpfom;qdkawmU rdkU0ef; aom&ifom;qdkifwdkUudk
onftwdkif;jrifae&onf/ txl;ojzifU EdkUoD;acgif;rsm;u cRefaumUum axmifwuf
aeyHku tjywfudkyDjyifaeonf/ (ausmfausmfrdk;wdkU vlodkufqGJudkif pdkUxm;NyD;NyDrdkU
cifxm;i,f\&ifom;rsm; onf txl;yif zGHNzdK;BuD;xGm;um EdkUoD;acgif;rsm;uvnf;
½Snfaeygonf/)
OD;apmrdk;onf pdwfMurf;udk,fMurf;jzpfaeygonf/ t&ufrl;vsifaoG;qdk;wwfonf/
,ck OD;apmrdk; t&uftawmfuav; rl;aeonf/ trSeftwdkif;0efcH&vsif OD;apmrdfk;onf
cifxm;i,f udk wyfrufaeonf/
,ckausmfausmfrdk;wdkUwpfodkufu cifxm;i,fudk 0dkif;vdk;cJUMuNyD; vD;udkvnf;
pkyfcdkif; cJUMuNyDd; jzpfonf [kod&aomtcg ODd;apmrdk;\pdwfwGif
t&rf;udkremvdkjzpfaeonf/ onfMum;xJ t&ufuvnf; rl;aeonf jzpf&m
ydkíqdk;aeonf/ xdkUjyifcifxm;i,fuvnf; wHcg;udk twGif;u ydwfxm;ojzifU
ODd;apmrdk;\Murf; Murf;&rf;&rf;vkyfcsifaom ADZudk EdI;qG ay;ouJUodkU jzpfae onf/
6
 OD;apmrdk;onf ydwfxm;aom wHcg;udk udk,fvHk;ESifUwdkufzGifYonf t&yfu
ajcmufay ausmfNyD; xGm;BudKif;awmifUwif;NyD; tm;tifvnf;BuD;rm;oefpGrf;vSonf/
ykacgif;apmif;ESifU wdkufjypfvdkuf&m wpfcsufxnf;ESifU tcef;wHcg;*suf
yGifUxGufoGm;aponf/ wHcg;vnf; 0kef;ueJ yGifUoGm;onf/ onfvdkwHcg;udk twif;
wGef;zGifUEdkifonfhtwGuf OD;apmrdk;\ Murf;csif&rf;csif pdwfrsm;onf
ydkí'D*&DjrifUwufvmonf/ t&uf½Sdefu vnf;½Sdaeao;&m? xdkpdwfrsm;udk
xdef;csKyfEdkifonfhtodpdwfuvnf; tvGefudktm;enf;vsuf½Sdonf/
OD;apmrdk;onf aoG;n§DeHu&onfh iref;vdkrsdkK;jzpfaeonf/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk
txl;ojzifU qefU usifzufvdif rdef;rwpfa,mufudk
twif;tMurf;ywrf;jyKcsifonfhpdwfrsm;u wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:íaeonf/
wHcg;yGifUoGm;NyD;aemuf OD;apmrsdK;onf tcef;xJodkU vTm;ueJ 0ifa&mufvdkufonf/
t&ufrl;aeonfhtjyif pdwfvnf;t&rf;cufxefaeonfrdkU OD;apmrdk;\ rsufESmBuD;u
wif;rmcufxefaeum rsufaxmifUeDBuD;jzifU wu,fUbDvl;o&JpD;ovdkjzpfaeonf? e*dkurS
taMumufBuD;aMumufae½Smol cifxm;i,frSm tcef;xJ ckef0ifa&muf½Sdvmaom
OD;apmrdsK;udkawGUvdkufaomtcg vdyfjymvGifUrwwfjzpfum i,foHygatmif atmf
vkkdufonf/
]] tm;..tm;..}}
olwdkUtdrf½Sd&mae&monf vlotl a&muftayguf tvGefenf;yg;um
tdrfeD;em;csif; rsm;uvnf; tvSrf;a0;vSonfjzpf&m cifxm;i,fatmfoHudk
rnfolrQrMum;Edkifay/ cifxm;i,f tzdkUrSmvnf; aMumufpdwfawG
txG#ftxdyfodkUa&muf½Sdonfhenf;wl aMumufpdwfaMumifY jzpfay:vmaom wPSm&ruf
pdwfonfvnf; w[kefxkd; tacgiftzsm;odkUa&muf½SdoGm;onf/ apmufzkwfxJrS
apmufa&rsm; ,dkpD;usae onfrSmvnf; apmufzkwfwpfckvHk; pdk½TJae,Hkomru zifMum;
zif0 rSwpfqifU xrDudkygpdkaeayNyD
]] udkif; eifeJU ausmfausmfrdk; bmawGjzpfMuw,fqdkwm igUudkajymjyprf;... }}
]] olwdkUu i,fi,fUudk 0dkif;NyD;rk'def;usifUMuwmyg/ NyD;awmUvD;pkyfcdkif;vdkUvJ pkyfay;
&ygao;w,f }}
OD;apmrdk;u usm;[def;oHBuD;ESifUar;vdkuf&m cifxm;i,fuvnf;
tvefUwMum;yif jyefajzvdkuf\ olr ajymonfhpum;rsm;onf trSeftwdkif;omjzpfonf/
rSefvGef;onfhtwGuf wdwdusus ESifU wpfwpfcGcG
pum;;vHk;rsm;ygoGm;onf/ onfvdkpum;toHk;tEIH;rdsK;udk trsdK;orD;awG &ifY&ifYoD;oD;
ajymavUr½SdMuyg txl;ojzifY a,mufsm;BuD; wpfa,mufa½SUwGifajymavUr½SdMuyg/
cifxm;i,frSmvnf; onfavmuftxd EIwf&JvQm&J ½Sdolr[kwfyg /
onfvdk wpfwpfcGcGajymqdkvdkufrIonf? cifxm;i,ftay: OD;apmrdk; taejzifY
raumif;ydkjrifoGm; onf/ ujrif;aMumqGJum eefUaMumqGJvdkonfh rdef;cav;rdkUom
7
onfvdk wpfwpfcGcGESifU ½kef;&rf; Murf;wrf; aom pum;rdsK; jzifYajymqdkjcif;jzpfrnf[k
OD;apmrdk;u awG;avawmUonf/
OD;apmrfdk;on a'goESifU wPSma&mifxaeaom rsufvHk;BuD;rsm;jzifU
cifxm;i,fudk Munfhvdkufonf xdkodkUMunfhvdkufcsdefwGif cifxm;i,f\
&ifom;rsm;udkvnf;jrifvdkufonf/ tvGef aMumufvefU wkefvIyfum
pdwft&rf;vIyf½Sm;aecsdefrdkU cifxm;i,f\ touf½SLoHrsm;u jyif;xefaeonf/
&ifbwfonf rdkUwufvmvdkuf edrfUusoGm;vdkufESifU edrfUjrifU vIyf½Sm; vsuf½Sfd onf/
cyfMuyfMuyfjzpfaeaom bavmuftusÐ wpfxyfwnf;om &SdSaeonfrdkU ...wufvmvdkuf
usoGm;vdkufESifU vIyf½Sm;aeaom&ifom;BuD;ESpfckESifU cRefaumU wufum tusÐom;udkyif
xkd;azgufvkjzpfaeaom EdkUoD;acgif;uav;rsm;u OD;apmrdk;udkudk jr§LqG,f aeMu onf/
OD;aprdk;\rsufvHk;rsm;u &ifom;qdkifrsm;ay:odkUusa&mufvsuf½Sdonf/
uRwfxGufrwwf udk pl;pl;pdkuf pdkufBuD;Munfhaeonf/ cifxm;i,fonf b&mpD,mudkyif
0wfxm;jcif;r½SdaMumif;uddk OD;apmrdk;odvkduf\/
a'goa&mifaygufaeaom rsufvHk;rsm;onf &rufcdk;rsm; jynfhvQHvmonf/
a'gopdwfae&mwGif &rufpdwfonf ½kwfcsnf;ajymif;vJ a&muf½Sdvmonf/
]] tefu,fUudkawmif olUtvdkvdkufatmif MuHzefNyD; usHK;oGif;vdrfUOD;r,f vdkU
uRefawmf xifw,f }}
ausmfausmfrdk;\pum;rsm;udk OD;apmrdk;jyefvnf Mum;a,mifvmonf/
rdrdudkjr§LqG,fvsuf olrtvdk usjzpfapvsuf tydkifudkifvmEdkifatmif cifxm;i,fu
b&mpD,myifr0wfbJ &ifom;pdkifrsm;udk yuwd twdkif;eD;yg;
ay:wifBuD;jzpfaeaprnfhtajctae zefwnf; xm;jcif; jzpfrnf [k OD;apmrdk;u xiffrd\/
]] tif;..'Dcsmwdwfr..i,fomi,fw,f tvmBuD;ygvm; ?ratUaoG;
tjynfh½Sdaew,f/}} OD;apm rdk;onf a':cifxm;udk twdtvif;r[kwfbJ wdwfwdwfykef;
odrf;ydkuf xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ a':cifxm; rnfodkU&m*<u,fum
tvdk&rufjyif;jyxufoefonfudk OD;apmrdk; aumif;aumif;BuD; odonf/ ]] igUudkvdk&m
usHK;oGif;NyD; vdk&mcdkif;rvdkU ..[if; ausmfausmfrdk;udkbJ &r,f igUudkb,f&rvJ olUudkawmif
igu tjywfvdrfUaeatmif vdk;jypfvdkuf OD;r,f /MunfhMuao;wmaygU }}
t&ufvnf;rl;ae&m OD;apmrdk;onf odwfNyD;udsK;aMumif;qifcsifum
rpOf;pm;EdkifawmU t&ufrl;ae olwdkUxHk;pH &rufpdwfuvnf; jyif;jyaeonfjzpf&m
udk,fvkd&mzufodkUom qGJawG;vkkdufawmUonf/ xdkodkU awG;awmNyD;onfESifU
OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,f0wfxm;aom bavmuf(pf) tusÐ &ifzwfudk twif;qGJ
jzJvdkufonf/ ]] jApf }}
tusÐ&ifbwfjyJoGm;onf cifxm;i,frSm &ifbwf [if;vif;jzpfvsuf rdkU0if;
xGm;td avaom EdkUtHkBuD; ESpfckonf wkefvIyfumay:vmonf/ cifxm;i,frSm
aMumufvGef;í Muufaoaoaerfdonf/ txif;om; t½Sif;om; ay:vmaom
8
EdkUtHkBuD;ESpfckukd zkHk;tkyf umuG,f zdkUudkyif owdr& rSifwufrdum onftwdkif;rvIyf r,Suf
½Sdaeonf/
OD;apmrdk;\pdwfxJwGif cifxm;i,fonf olr\&ifom;rsm;udk az:vSpfjyoum
rdrdudk jr§LqG,fvdk onfYtwGuf onftwdkif;Nidrfíaejcif;jzpfonf[kom xifoGm;onf/
]] tpwkef;uawmU ausmfausmfrdk;ajymwmrSefrrSef pHkprf;ar;jref;rvdkUbJ
tckawmUbmrSar;jref;p&m rvdkawmUbl; eifuolwdkUudkjr§LqG,fNyD;vdk;cdkif;cJUwm xif½Sm;
aeNyDbJ}} ]] [ifUtif;..[ifUtif; }}
onfwpfcg cifxm;i,frSm tvefUwMum;ESifUacgif;cg&rf;rdonf/
acgif;cgvdkufojzifY &ifom;wdkU uydkíyifvIyfcgoGm;avawmUonf/ tvGeftrif;
aMumufvefUwkefvIyfaeojzifY &ifom;pdkifawG bvmusif; aeonfudkrodawmUbJ
acgif;udkom twGifwGif&rf;aeonf/
]] eifbmajAmifvdrfwmvJ tckvnf;Munfh eifUEdkUtHkBuD;tazG;om;eJU igUudk
kjr§LqG,faewmav }}
]] [m..}} wnfhwnfhajymawmUrS cifxm;i,fonf tvefUwMum;yif
aemufqkwfum 'l;auG; xdkifcsvsuf &ifom;tpHkudkvufjzifUzHk;umvdkufonf/
tvefUwMum;jyKvkduf&onfrdkU &ifom;wdkUudkvufjzifUum onfhtoGifr[kwfbJ
vufjzifUqkyfudkifjzpfn§pfumjyonfhoabmrsdK; xifp&mjzpfoGm;onf/ &ifom;rSm
BuD;rm;vSonfhtwGuf vHkatmifvnf;rzHk;Edkif xdkUjyif 'l;auG;um xdkifcsvdkufonfhtwGuf
aygif&if;cGqHk apgufzkwfae&mwGif xrDrSm pdkuGufaeonfudk OD;apmrkd;ujrifvdkufonf/
OD;apmrdk;u cifxm;i,f\ xrDudkvSrf;qGJcRwfvdkufonf cifxm;i,f aMumufvefU
wMum;yif ukwif acgif;&if;zufwdk;um a½Smifonf? xrDudk OD;apmrdk;zrf;írrd/
onfawmU OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,f\vuf aumuf0wfudk qkyfudkifxm;um olr\
aemufausmzufodkU a&mufatmfif qGJvdrfvdkufonf/ vufvdrfoGm; onfhtwGuf
cifxm;i,f\ukd,frSm wpfygwf vnfoGm;um
OD;apmrdk;bufausmay;vsufjzpfoGm;onf/ udk,fae[efxm;onfvnf;
ukwifay:xdkifvsufr[kwfawmU ab;apmif;vJvsuf ruswusjzpfoGm;onf/
OD;apmrdk;onf xrDudktwif;qGJcRwfvdkufonf xrDu
uGif;vHk;uRwfusoGm;jcif;awmU r½Sdyg/ odkUaomf txufqifpjyKwfxGufoGm;um
0wfxm;rIuawmUajyavsmUoGm;onf/ OD;apmrdk; onf cifxm;i,fudk zrf;csKyf
vdrfxm;&if; usefvufwpfzufu aygifMum;½Sdapgufzkwfudk zrf;EdIufonf azgif;rdkUvsuf
apgufa&awG ½Trf;½Trf;pdkaeaom apgufzkwfrkdUrdkYBuD;udk prf;rdonf/
]] a[m.Munfhprf; eifUapgufzkwfu azgif;rdkUaeNyD;
apgufa&awGpdk½TJaeygyaumvm;? odwfudk tvdk; cHcsifaew,fqdkwm xif½Sm;aeNyD/ eifu
ausmfausmfrdk;ajymovdk odwfujrif; aMum xcsifwJU rdef;cav;bJ }}

9
 OD;apmrdk;u ajymajymqdkqdk ta&awG pdk½TJaeaom apgufzkwfxJodkU vufcvnfudk
qyfueJ xdk;xJU vdkufonf/ ]] tddk...}} cifxm;i,f qwfueJwGefUum yg;pyfrS
a&½GwfoHuav;ay:xGufvmonf/
rdrdaoG;om;awGvIyf½Sm;Edk;<uaeaMumif;udk cifxm;i,f,ckkrSod&onf/ onfvdk
jzpfaeonfhtwGuf t&rf;udk½Suf½GHUrdonf/ bmaMumifUrsm; onfvdk &rufawG Edk;Mum;
ae&onf udkawmU csmwdwfrav;rod½Smyg xdkUjyif OD;apmrdk;\vD;wefrwfaxmifaeNyD
jzpfaMumif;udk olr\ xrDajyavQmusí wpf0ufausmfausmfay: aeonfhwifyg;BuD;wGif
zkzkxpfxpfjzifU axmufrd aeonfh tawGUtxdt& cifxm;i,fodvdkuf&jyefonf/
]] tck eifu igUudkvnf; vmNyD;jr§LqG,faejyefNyD eifUudk t&rf; vdk;csifpdwfawG
ay:vmatmif eifu vkyfaewm r[kwfvm; i,fi,f..[if}} OD;apmrdk;\pum;awGu
&ifYoD;vGef; vSonf/
]] r[kwfygbl; tefu,f&,f r[kwf&ygbl;½Sif vTwfyg ..uRefrudkvTwfyg }}
cifxm;i,fu idk½dkufumajym&if; ½kef;rdonf/ OD;apmrdk;onf
uRJaygufwpfaumifvdk oefpGrf;onf jzpf&m cifxm;i,ftaejzifYb,frSvsif vGwfatmif
½kef;Edkifrnfenf;/ vGwfatmifr½kef;Edkifonfhtjyif ½kef;&if;uef&if;ESifYyif
txufqifjyKwfum avsmU&J&Jjzpfaeaom xrDudk ydkíajyavsmusonf? um;tdaeaom
wifyg;BuD; tazG;om; tajymifom;ay:vmonf/ xdkUjyif vIyf½Sm; ½kef;uefaeonfh
olr\wifyg;BuD;onf OD;apmrdk;\qD;pyfudkyGwfrdaeonf/ zifBuD;udk aemufodkU aumUum
yGwfay;aeouJYodkUjzpfonf/
cifxm;i,fwpfa,muf &m*pdwfEdk;<uvmum tjywfudktvdk;cHjcifaeonf[k
xifxm; onfh pdwfuvnf; ydkícdkifrmvmonf/ xl;qef;onf[kawmUqdk&rnf
xifjrifpOf;pm;wwfonfh OD;aESmufu aMumuf vefUum jiif;qefaeaomfvnf; zdkr"gwfudk
vdkvm;awmifUwaeavatmif cifxm;i,f\taoG;tom;rsm; url umrpyf½SufrIudk
txl;vdkvm;awmifUwvsuf½Sdavonf/ ,cktcsdefü b,fa,mufsm;\vD;jzpfjzpf
tvdk;cHjcifaeonf/ NyD;awmUolrudk pdk;&drf aMumufvefU atmif Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;
udkifwG,f jyKusifUrIudk xl;xl;jcm;jcm;BuD; vdkvm; awmifUwvsuf ½Sdavonf/
&rufpdwfa&m aMumufpdwfa&m NydKifwljzpfay:ae\/
OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,fudk ukwifay:wGef;vSJvdkufonf? tpkwfpkwftjywfjywf
tuRwfuRwf tavsmUavsmU jzpfaeaomxrDESifY tusÐwdkUudk tjywfcRwfjypfvkdufonf/
cifxm;i,frSm t0wfryg Avm udk,fxnf;jzpfoGm;&onf / aygifMum;rS
apgufzkwfrSmvnf; OD;apmrkd;udk pdefac:ovdkjzpfaeonf/
]] uJ i,fi,f eifUudk igvdk;awmUr,f eifutvdk;cHjcifaewmqdkawmU rSwfavmuf
om;avmuf atmifudk vdk;r,f/ vdk;wmrS apgufzkwfudk r[kwfbl; zifudkvdk;r,f ..od&JU
vm; }}

10
OD;apmrdk;u wpfu,fyifvlpdwfaysmufaeayNyD? cifxm;i,fonfvnf; odwfudk
aMumufaeovdk t&rf;udktvdk;cHaecsifonfrSm OD;apmrdk;ajymonfhtwdkif;yif/ odkUaomf
vpfonfESifU aMumufuefuefonfh taejzifU OD;apmrdk;aygifMum;rS vD;BuD;udk vufjzifY
vSrf;udkifum vdD;udkwtm;n§pfvdkufonf OD;apmrdk;rSm vnf; a*G;wufvkrwwf
emMuifoGm;onf/
]] tm;..}}
emMuifrIaMumifY ODd;apmrdk;rSm aemufodkUqkwfoGm;onf? cifxm;i,fudk
csKyfzrf;xm;rI awGvnf; vGwfoGm;onf ?xdkcPü cifxm;i,f xajy;onf
..odkUaomfr& OD;apmrdk;u cifxm;i,fudkzrf;csKyfum ukwifay: jyefvSJcsvdkufonf/
rsufESmudk vuf0g;Murf;BuD;jzifY b,fjyefnmjyef½dkufonf/ 0rf;ydkufudkvufoD;jzifU
wpfcsufxkd;vdkufonf cifxm;i,frSm touf½SLyifMuyfoGm;um ukwifay:0,f
yufvufuav;jzpfoGm;& ½Smonf/
OD;apmrdk;onf 0wfxm;aom ykqdk;udk *Gif;vHk;yHkcRwfum cifxm;i,fay:
wufarSmuf vdkufonf/ b,fzufvufarmif;udk vnfNrdKay:jzwfwifum cyfwif;wif;
zdxm;av&m cifxm;i,frSm b,fvdkrS½kef;uefjcif; rjyKomyg? OD;apmrdk;\
nmvufuawmU cifxm;i,f\ aygifMum;odkU a&mufvmonf/ apgufzkwfudk
qkyfudkifum cyfMurf;Murf;yGwfonf/ apgufapUudk qGJvdrfonf apgufacgif;xJodkU
vufnd§K;ESifU vufcvnfudkxJUum arTay;onf xkwfvdkuf oGif;vdkuf vkyfaeonf/
OD;aESmufu oabmrwl vufrcHaomfvnf; OD;apmrdk;\
Murf;wrf;pGmjyKusifUaeonfudk cifxm; i,fwpfa,muf
emusifrIrsm;tay:rSmom,mZdrfawGUaeonf/ OD;apmrdk;uawmU cifxm;i,f
atmf[pfae onfudk enf;enf;av;rS *½krpdkufyg / vD;udkcifxm;i,f\ zifxJodkUom
twif;oGif;aeonf ? cifxm;i,f uvnf; wdk;0ifvmaom vD;xdyfjyJ'pfvefBuD;udk
r0ifatmif [efUwm;onfhtaejzifU zifacgif;xJrS<uufom; rsm;udktwif;n§pfvdkufonf
þodkUjyKvdkufonfudku OD;apmrdk;udk aumif;oxufaumif;atmif atmufay; ay;vdkuf
onfhES,f fjzpfoGm;um OD;apmrdk;rSmvnf; rawGUbl;onfhxl;jcm;aom t&omudkcHpm;&if;
vD; xdyfjyJ BuD;udk zifxJodkUtqHk;xdatmifaqmifUoGif;vdkufonf/
zifacgif;u usOf;aomfvnf; vD;'pf0ifaeNyDrdkU oGif;vsifoGif;oavmuf
useftydkif;uvnf; wdk;0ifoGm;onf/ cifxm;i,frSm aumif;wma&m
emwmyga&m>yrf;NyD; OD;apmrdk;rSmawmU tjywfudk yDwdjzpfaeonf usOf;Muyf
vSonfhzifacgif;\ t&omtawGUtxduvnf; Zdrf½SdvSonf cifxm;i,f\
emusifom,mpGm atmfnD;oH uvnf; OD;apmrdk;udk tm;&aponf wpfu,fawmU
cifxm;i,frSm zifcH&wmudk tvGefBudKufonf OD;apmrdk; tm;&yg;&
rdrdzifudkvdk;rSmudkvnf; t&rf;udkauseyfaeonf/

11
 vD;u zifxJodkU ydkwdk;0ifoGm;avav OD;apmrdk;tzdkU
tHyifBudwf,l&avmufatmifyif t&om½Sdav avjzpfoGm;onf/
oGif;aumif;aumif;ESifYzdoGif;&m aemufqHk;wGif ½Spfvufrausmf ½Snfonfh vD;wefBuD;wpf
acsmif;vHk; zifacgif;aygufav;xJodkU tqHk;0ifoGm;avawmUonf/
]] tm;..eifUzifxJudk igUvD;tukefvHk;0ifoGm;NyD..eifYzifaygufu
usOf;NyD;..pD;ydkifaewmbJ aumif; vdkufwmuGm..wpfu,fawmU zifudkvdk;&wmu
apgufzkwfudk vdk;&wmxuf q,fqydkaumif;w,fuG.. odd&JUvm;i,fi,f..}} ]]
[kwfuJU..½SifY }} vD;udktqHk;oGif;an§mifY&if; OD;apmrdk;u auseyftm;&pGmajym vdkufonf/
cifxm;i,fuvnf; aumif;ayrJU tm;&yg;&rcHpm;&ao;ay../
cifxm;i,fcrsmrSmawmU zifacgif;aygufxJodkU BuD;rm;wkwfcdkif ½Snfvsm;aom
vD;wefBuD; tqHk;xdk;oGif; rIudk cHae&aomaMumifY ? zifcHjcif;t&omudk wif;jynfhusyfjynfh
cHpm;ae&onf ? emusifjynfhusyfjcif;ESifY zifZdrf½Sdjcif;wkdUonf t&m&mudk
arUaysmufEdkifpGrf;½Sdaeonf/
vD;udktqHk;0ifatmifoGif;NyD;aemuf OD;apmrdk;onf cifxm;i,fzifudk
cyfMurf;Murf;yif pwifum aqmifYvdk;aeawmUonf/ zifacgif;av;u
usOf;usyfonfhtwGuf aqmifYvdk; &wmonf tydsKpif apgufzkwfudk vdk;&wmxuf
tjyefwpf&momonf xdkUaMumifUvnf; OD;apmrdk;onf zifvdk;&wmudkydkBudKufonf/
OD;apmrdk; tzdkU&mrSm avmupnf;pdru f dk&um zD;(vf)ydkwufaeonf/
cifxm;i,frSmawmU aumif;vdkufemvdkufjzpfum tBudKufawGUaeonf odkUaomf
emonf [kom wGifwGifajymaeonf/ aqmiYfvdk;csufrsm;u jyif;xefvSonfjzpf&m
aumifrav;crsm OD;apmrdk;\ vD;BuD;zifxJodkU 0ifvkdufwkdif;xGufvdkufwdkif; tifUueJ
tifUueJ touf½SLrSm;um emusifatmifUaumif;BuD;jzifU zifBuD;udk
ydkíyifaxmifay;vdkufonf vdk;ygapav../
apmufzkwfxJrS ta&awGuvnf; t&rf;udkxGufaeonf onfMum;xJ
cifxm;i,fu aemufxyf vD;wpfacsmif;uapgufzkwfudkvdk;ae&if
ydkaumif;r,f[kawG;um zDvif ydkwufaejyefonf/ aMumufpdwf emusif rI..zifacgif;xJrS
t&omwdkUu ,SOfwGJí..pnf;pddrf tjynfh &aeonf/
]] b,feJUvnf; i,fi,f eifUzifudkigwufvdk;aewm cHvdkUaumif;w,f
r[kwfvm;..eifUvdkaumif rrsdK;u 'Dvdkzifvdk;ay;rSBudKufwmr[kwfvm; }}
cifxm;i,fu bmrSjyefrajymay ukwifay:0,ffjym;jym;arSmufxm;um
zifBuD;udk tpGrf;ukef axmifxm;um OD;apmrdk;\zifvdk;rIudkcHaeonf axmifxm;aom
zifBuD;udkvnf; OD;apmrdk;vD;BuD; tm;&yg;& t½Sdef ESifY0ifvmwdkif;
jyefaumUítmcHaeonf/ xdkodkU jyKvkyf vdkufojzifU vD;t&if;ESifY wifykqHkwkdY
jyif;jyif;xefxef xdrdum wbkwfbkwt f oHxGufovdk tm;&vSonf/

12
 cifxm;i,f\zifu vdk;íaumif;vSonfrdkU OD;apmrdk;onf
tirf;r&yifjzpfaeonf/ wtm;udkaqmifY vdk;aeonf ol\a*G;OBuD;rsm;uvnf;
cifxm;i,f\apmufzkwfudk wpfcsDwpfcsD vm½dkufrdonf/ vdk;aumif; aumif;ESifU
rD;ukef&rf;ukefaqmifYvdk;ae&m cPrSmyif va&awG yef;xGufvkjzpfvmonf/
va&yef;xkwfawmU rnfrdkUaqmifYcsuf vdk;csufawGu t&rf;ukd jyif;xefum
vD;wefBuD;rSmvnf; oHacsmif;wpfacsmif;vdk rmwif; vmonf / aqmifY vdk;csuf awGu
jyif;xef jrefqefvGef;aomaMumifU zifvdk;cHaeaom cifxm;i,frSm vD;wef BuD;onf
zifacgif;xJodkU 0ifvmovm; xGufoGm;ovm;rodEdkifatmifyif zifZdrfawGUaeonf/
emvnf;em aumif;vnf;aumif;ESifU apmufzkwfudkvdk;wmudkcH&wmxuf
zifvdk;wmudkcH&wm ydkBudKufae onf/
apmufzkwfuvnf; tvdk;rcH&aomaMumifUrausreyfjzpfum apmufa&awGudk
wvMurf; yef;xkwf aeonf/ arSmufvsuftaetxm;jzifY
zifaxmifumtvdk;cHaeaomaMumifY apmufzkwf xJrS xGufvmaom apmufzkwfa&rsm;u
tzkwfatmufwnfhwnfh arGU,may:odkU wvMurf; xGufus ukefonf/
cifxm;i,fonf a,mufsm;vD;\oabmudk em;vnfaeNyDjzpf&m va&awG
yef;xGufvmrSom vdk;ae ola,mufsm;rSm tm;&auseyfrnfjzpfNyD; rdrdrSmvnf;
xdktcsdefonf tvdk;cH&jcif;\ auseyftm;&rItjrifYqHk; jzpfonf/ xdkaMumifY b,fvdkrSyif
nif;qef ½kef;uefraeawmUbJ OD;apmrdk;\ va&rsm; yef;xGuf vmap&efom
zifBuD;udkaxmifum aumUay;jcif; zifacgif;xJrS<uufom;rsm;jzifY 0ifvdkufxGufvdkuf
tm;&yg;&vdk;ae aomvD;udk n§pfay;n§yfay; vkyfaevdkufonf/
zifBuD;udkaumUum&rf;ay;onf yg;pyfrSvnf; wtifUtifYESifY toHrsm; xGufum
tm;ay;aerdonf/
]] at;..'DvdkrSaygUuG..[kwfNyD zifBuD;udkaumUay;prf; ..ememav;aumU ..aumif;
vdkufwm eifYzifvdk;&wm b,fvdkaumif;rSrodawmUbl; i,fi,f&,f eifa&m
zifvdk;cH&wm BudKufw,fr[kwfvm; }}
]]ajymavuGm..}} ]] tm;..aumif;ygw,f½SifU vdk;yg..vdk;yg ememaqmifYyg
tefu,f&,f ..aumif; vdkufwm½Sif zifxJrSmb,fvdkt&om½SdrSef;rodatmifygbJ½Sif }}
cifxm;i,fonfemusifrI>yef;aom zifvdk;rIudkt&rf;yifESpfcsdKufvmonf/ xdkokdU
jzpfaomaMumifU cifxm;i,fonf zifqHkBuD;udk tjywfaumUaumUay;onf a0U0dkufcg&rf;
ay;onf 'gwifru apgufzkwfudk vmvmykwfaom
vD;OBuD;rsm;udkvnf;vufESifUudkifwG,fum yGwfoyfay;aeonf OD;apmrdk;\vD;tukefr0if
rSmudkpdk;&drfaeao;onf/
cifxm;i,fwpfa,muf rdrd\zifvdk;rIudk tm;&yg;&wkefYjyefaeojzifU
OD;apmrdk;onf odwfudk tm;&um
wPSmpdwfvnf;tjyif;txefqHk;tcdsefodkUa&muf½Sdvmonf/onfMum;xJ vOESpfvHk;udkyg
13
yGwfoyfqkyfe,f jcif;cH&ojzifY b,fvdkryS ifpdwfrxdef;EdkifawmUbJ yg;pyfrS ]]
i,fi,fa&..igawmU eifYzifxJudkva&awG yef;xnfhvdkufawmUr,faemf }} cifxm;i,fu
tm;r&ao;ojzifU ]] ryef;ygeJYOD;..vdk;ygOD; ememav;vdk;yg OD; ..aumif;vGef;vdkUyg
.atmifr,fav;aumif;vkdufwmaemf..}}
]] r&awmUbl; vmNyD..vmNyD..tm;..tm;;;;;;}}
OD;apmrfkd;onf yg;pyfrSa&½Gwfjrnfwrf;&if; cifxm;i,f\ zifacgif;xnf;odkUvD;udk
tcsuff ESpfq,fcefU tm;&yg;&aqmifYvdk;jypfvdkuf&if; va&awGudk yef;xkwfvdkufonf
cifxm;i,frSvnf;aqmifUcsufu jyif;xefvGef;í acgif;yifaxmifvmonf OD;apmrdk;u
ajymvnf;ajymaqmifYvnf;aqmifU yef;vnf;yef; jyKvkyf vdkuf&m cifxm;i,f\
zifacgif;xJ0,f ]] ylk l}} ueJjzpfum t&rf;udkZdrfusoGm;onf zifvdk;cH&aomfvnf;
apmufzkwf tvdk;cH&bd ouJUodkUyif aumif;vSonf/
va&rsm;yef;xkwfNyD;aemuf vD;BuD;u wajz;ajz;aysmUusoGm;onfudk
cifxm;i,f odae onf OD;apmrdk;\vD; zifxJrSxGufoGm;onf OD;apmrdk;vnf;
cifxm;i,fay:rS qif;oGm;onf/ cifxm;i,fcrsmrSmom ukwif
ay:0,farSmuf&ufom;av;usef&pfonf aemufwpfBudrfrsm; xyfvdk;rvm;[k
apmifUaevdkufao;onf odkUaomf OD;apmrdk;u tcef;xJrSxGufoGm;NyDjzpfonf
..cifxm;i,fuawmU tm;r&ao; cHvdkUr0ao; ..

14