A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS FOR GRADE-FOUR

I.

II.

III.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of a 45-minute period, the grade four pupils will be able to:
1. Add and subtract fractions with the same denominators,
2. Add and subtract fractions with dissimilar denominators,
3. Add and subtract mixed numbers with similar denominators, and
4. Add and subtract mixed numbers with dissimilar denominators with 75%
proficiency level.
SUBJECT MATTER
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING OF FRACTIONS
A. References
Liking Mathematics in the Grade School: Textbook in Mathematics for
Grade-Four by Prepotente et.al.
21st Century Mathematics (6) by Villame et.al.
B. Materials
Power point presentation, visual aids
C. Ideas
To add/subtract fractions with similar denominators, we add/subtract the
numerator and write the sum/difference over the same denominator.
To add/subtract fractions with dissimilar denominators, first find the
smallest equivalent fractions by using the least common multiple (LCD) to
rename the dissimilar fractions into similar fractions and then proceed as
in adding/subtracting fractions with the same denominator.
To add/subtract mixed numbers with similar denominators, we
add/subtract the whole numbers, then the numerators and retain the
denominator.
To add/subtract mixed numbers with dissimilar denominators, change
dissimilar fractions to similar fractions. Add/subtract the whole numbers,
and then the numerators and copy the denominator.
D. Processes
Identifying, adding, subtracting
E. Value
Small parts are necessary to make-up a whole.
PROCEDURE
A. Pre-assessment
1.Prayer
2.Checking of attendance
3.Review of the past lesson
B. Motivation
A song about mathemetics
C. Lesson proper
Teacher Activity
Pupil Activity
Class, do you love to eat chocolates?
Yes Maam
Who wants to eat a chocolate?
Wed love to, Maam.
I have here a bar of chocolate and I
am going to divide it equally into four
parts. (Slice).
So I have now 4 slices or 4/4 of chocolate.
(Give the 2/4 of the apple to two pupils, 1/4 each).
So I have given Mario of the chocolate
and another to Rowena. How much
chocolate have I given all in all and how
2/4 given
much is left?
2/4 left
Yes Very Good! I sliced the chocolate
into fourequal parts so we get 4/4 or 1 of course
and I gave Mario and Rowena each of
the chocolate. So + , we get 2/4 or and
the parts that is left for me is also 2/4 0r .
If we are going to add the parts of apple
that I have given to Mario and Rowena

and the parts left for me, how much will it

be all in all?
Now class, do you have any idea of what
will be our topic for today?
Exactly class. Today, we will be discussing
how to add and subtract fractions. And I
want you to meet the following
objectives which are to: add and
subtract fractions with the same
denominators, add and subtract
fractions with dissimilar denominators,
add and subtract mixed numbers with
similar denominators, and add and
subtract mixed numbers with dissimilar
denominators with 75% proficiency
level. Can I expect that from you?
So we have here different rules in
adding and subtracting of fractions.
Take note that I am going to give you
a quiz after this so you better bear
with me class, listen carefully as I am
going to present and discuss each rule
one after the other.
To add fractions with similar
denominators,we simply add the
numerators andwrite the sum over
the same denominator.
Dulce ate of the cake in the morning
and in the afternoon. How much cake
was eaten by her?
What is asked in the problem?
What are given?
So we are going to add the given
fractions to answer what is asked in
the problem. As what is stated in the
rule, we simply add the numerators
and write the sum over the same
denominator in adding of similar
fractions. So we simply add 2 and 1
which is equal to 3 and write it over
the same denominator which is 5.
And the answer is 3/5.
Did you get it?
So lets proceed.
To subtract fractions with similar
denominators, we simply subtract
the numerators and write the difference
over the same denominator.
This is somewhat similar as in adding
of fractions with similar denominators.
The only difference is we are going to
subtract the numerators instead of adding
A water tank was full of water. After a
day of use, it was full. How much water
was used during the day?
What is asked?
What are given?

4/4 or 1
Adding and subtracting of fraction

Sure Maam.

The amount of cake

eaten by Dulce.
2/5 cake in the morning
and 1/5 in the afternoon.

Yes Maam.

The amount of water that

was used during the day.
7/8 full of water and 3/8 full
after a day of use.

To find the amount of water that was

used during the day, we are going to
subtract 3/8 from 7/8. So simply subtract
the numerators 7-3 is equal to 4 and write
it over the same denominator which is 8
and then we get 5/8.
To add fractions with dissimilar
denominators, rename the
dissimilar fractions into similar
fractions by finding the (LCD) and then
proceed as in adding fractions with the
same denominator.
Mother used liter of cooking oil last month
and liter this month. How much did she
use in two months?
What is asked?
What are given?

The amount of cooking oil

mother used in two months.
3/5 liter of cooking oil last
month and 2/3 liter this month.

How do we add 3/5 and 2/3?

Examine their denominators. Do they
have the same or what?
Obviously! So the first we need to find
The LCD or (Least Common Denominator).
What is the LCD of 5 and 3?
Aha! And we are going to use 15 to
rename these dissimilar fractions into
similar fractions. And then we get 9/15
and 10/15 so we can now add these
similar fractions to get the answer which
is 19/15 or 1 4/15.
To subtract fractions with dissimilar
denominators, rename the dissimilar
fractions into similar fractions by finding
the (LCD) and then proceed as in
subtracting fractions with the same
denominator.
Aling Dionisia, a stuffed-toy maker, uses 5/9
bag of stuff for a dog and 4/6 bag of stuff for
a cat. How much more stuff does she use
for a dog than for a cat.
What is asked?
What are given?
Like adding of fractions with
dissimilar denominators, we need
To find the LCD in order to rename
these fractions into similar fractions
allowing us to proceed in subtraction.
What is the LCD of 6 and 9?
So the fractions involved are now
12/18 and 10/18. And to answer what is
asked in the problem we are going to
subtract 10/18 from 12/18 and we get
2/18 or 1/9.
.
To add mixed numbers with similar
denominators, we add the whole
numbers,then the numerators and retain

Different/dissimilar
15

The amount of stuff she

use for a dog than for a cat.
4/6 bag of stuff for dog and
5/9 bag of stuff for a cat.

18

the denominator.
What do you mean by mixed numbers?
Yes, exactly! We have discussed
that already.
Jebs and Brion helped in the Operation
Linis on Saturday and Sunday. John
mowed 3 of the lawn and Bob mowed
4 of it .What part of the lawn did the two
boys mow together?
What is asked?
What are given?
3 and 4 are examples of mixed
numbers with similar denominators
of which we can just add directly
without the need of finding an LCD.
We automatically add the whole numbers3+4=7 and then the numerators- 1+1=2
and write it over the same denominator- 3.
The part of the lawn the two boys mowed
together is 7 2/3.
To subtract mixed numbers with similar
denominators, we subtract the whole
numbers, then the numerators and retain
the denominator.
A vendor sold 316/7 kilograms of mangoes
on Monday and 26 5/7 kilograms on Tuesday.
How much more kilograms of mangoes did
she sell on Monday than on Tuesday?
What is asked?

What are given?

As stated in the rule we are going to
subtract first the whole numbers31-26=5, and then the numerators6-5=1 and write it over the same
denominator 7. And we get the answer
which is 5 1/7.
To add mixed numbers with dissimilar
denominators, change dissimilar
fractions to similar fractions. Add the
whole numbers, and then the numerators,
and copy the denominator.
Vener and Edmund opened a vegetable
stand in a supermarket. On opening day,
they sold 4 5/8 bushels of corn and
sold 3 4/6 bushels on the following day.
How much corn was sold in two days?
What is asked?
What are given?

A mixed number is
composed of a whole
number and a fraction.

The part of the lawn the

two boys mow together.
John mowed 3 of the
lawn and Bob mowed
4 of it.

The amount of mangoes

in kls that she sell more
on Monday than on
Tuesday.
31 6/7kls of mangoes
on Monday and 26 5/7
kls on Tuesday.

The amount of corn

that was sold for two days.
On opening day, they
sold 4 5/8 bushels of corn
and sold 3 4/6 bushels
on the following day

How are we going to change dissimilar

fractions into similar fractions?
Precisely! And what is the LCD of
8 and 6?
Through obtaining the LCD of dissimilar
fractions, we can derived its similar
fractions and then perform the indicated
operation. 4 5/8 and 3 4/6 = 4 30/8 and 3 24/8.
When added, 4+3=7(whole numbers) and 54/8
(similar fractions) we get 7 54/8.
To subtract mixed numbers with
dissimilar denominators, change
dissimilar fractions to similar fractions.
Subtract the whole numbers, and then the
numerators, and copy the denominator.
Mang Tony is a candle maker. He had 5 3/4
disks of wax. He used 4 2/5 of them.
How much wax does he have left?
What is asked?
What are given?

find the LCD

48

The amount of wax

he have left.
He had 5 2/5 disks
of wax and he used
4 3/4 of them.

What is the LCD of 4 and 5?

20
Through the use of LCD we can now
derived similar fractions where we
can apply operations directly. In this
case the fractions that we derived are
5 15/20 and 4 8/20. Subtract the whole
numbers- 5-4=1 and then the numerators15-8=7 and write it over the same
denominator 20. The answer is 1 7/20.
Deductive Method
IV. EVALUATION
Direction: Solve each problem.
1. Julie bought meter of red ramie cloth for her table napkins and 3/6 white
ramie cloth for placemats. How many meters of cloth did she buy?
2. Mrs. Robles baked 1 dozen cookies. She brought dozen to school for her
friends. How many dozen of cookies were left?
V. ASSIGNMENT
Direction: Perform the indicated operation.
a. 1 2/5+3/5
b. 2 - 2/4
c. 1-6/6