The Monroe years were years of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill. After the defeat in 1816, the federalist party did not nominate a candidate. The republican party tried to hold on to old ideals, but adopted a semi-federalist set of ideals.
The Monroe years were years of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill. After the defeat in 1816, the federalist party did not nominate a candidate. The republican party tried to hold on to old ideals, but adopted a semi-federalist set of ideals.
The Monroe years were years of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill. After the defeat in 1816, the federalist party did not nominate a candidate. The republican party tried to hold on to old ideals, but adopted a semi-federalist set of ideals.
Development The Era of Good Feelings • The Monroe years were years of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill, particularly because the Federalists disappeared James Monroe • As a boy, he fought in the Revolutionary War • Defeated the Federalist, Rufus King • Supported the growing nationalism of America • Noted for gaining Florida, the Missouri Compromise, and the Monroe Doctrine Cultural Nationalism • Monroe had been elected mainly from the young generation • Excited about the prospects of a new nation • Little interest in European politics • The country was very patriotic Economic Nationalism • Internal Improvements was one part of the economic nationalism • US industries were also protected from European competition • The Tariff of 1816 – After the War of 1812, Congress raised the tariff rates on goods to protect the US factories – The Tariff of 1816 was the first ‘protective tariff’ – New England opposed the higher tariffs Henry Clay • Henry Clay, Kentucky, proposed a new plan to better economic growth • Called the American System – Protective tariffs • To promote American manufacturing and raise revenue – National bank • Keep the system running easily by providing currency – Internal improvements • Promote growth in the West and South • Monroe vetoed Internal Improvement bills frequently The Panic of 1819 • The first major problem since the Constitution was ratified • Credit had been tightened to prevent inflation • State banks closed • Money became worthless • Unemployment, bankruptcies, and debtors prison rose • Large amounts of western farmland foreclosed on Political Changes • After the defeat in 1816, the federalist party did not nominate a candidate in the election of 1820, and was no longer a national party • Some members of the republican party tried to hold on to old ideals, but the majority of them adopted a semi-federalist set of ideals Marshall’s Supreme Court and Central Government Powers • John Marshall was one of the only Federalists left • He favored central government, and property rights over state rights Marshall Cases • Fletcher vs. Peck – Ruled that the state could not pass legislation invalidating a contract • Martin vs. Hunter’s Lease – Ruled that the Supreme Court had jurisdiction over state courts • Dartmouth College vs. Woodward – Ruled that a contract for a private corporation could not be altered by the state Marshall Cases Continued • McCulloch vs. Maryland – Ruled that the federal government had the implied power to create a bank, and the state could not tax a federal institution • Cohen's vs. Virginia – Ruled that the Supreme Court could review a state court’s decision • Gibbons vs. Ogden – Ruled that the federal government had broad control over interstate commerce Western Settlement and The Missouri Compromise • The population out west had doubled • Native American’s lands were seized • It became necessary economically to expand west • Improved transportation made travel easier • Immigrants crowded over the original borders, and had to settle somewhere else New Questions and Answers • Western Objectives – Cheap money from state banks rather than the bank of America – Land made available at low prices – Improved transportation – Slavery was indecisive – could not decide to permit or exclude it Tallmadge Amendment • Called for prohibition of more slaves into Missouri • All slaves in Missouri became emancipated at 25 Clay’s Proposal • Missouri was admitted as a slave state • Maine was admitted as a free state • North of 36-30, slavery was prohibited Foreign Affairs • The United States adopted more aggressive relations • Rush-Bagot Agreement – Strictly limited naval armament on the Great Lakes • Treaty of 1818 – Shared fishing rights off of Newfoundland – Joint occupation of the Oregon territory – Setting the north border of Louisiana at the 49th parallel Florida • Slaves ran to Florida, which gave Monroe a reason to attack • Commissioned General Jackson to stop raiders • Destroyed Seminole villages • Hung two Seminole chiefs • Drove out the Spanish governor • Hung two British traders Florida Purchase Treaty • Spain gave up Florida to the US for $5 million, and all claims on Texas The Monroe Doctrine • Declared that the United States was opposed to attempts by a European power to interfere in the affairs of any republic in the Western Hemisphere, ending the problems in South America Population Growth • Between 1800 and 1825, the population doubled – High birthrate – Large amount of immigrants Transportation • Roads – The Lancaster Turnpike connected Philadelphia with farmlands around Lancaster – Cumberland Road reached from Maryland to Illinois • Canals – Erie Canal completed in 1825 – Stimulated economic growth • Steamboats – Developed by Robert Fulton • Railroads – Newest favorite mode of transportation Money Making Changes • Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin • New York passed a law that made it easier for businesses to incorporate and raise capital • Samuel Slater gave the US British cotton spinning secrets Labor • Young women • Extensive use of child labor • Unions became more popular Commercial Agriculture • Farming was more of an enterprise than providing food for family • Cheap land and easy credit • Markets opened up everywhere Effects of the Market Revolution • Growing interdependence among people • Women could find jobs as domestic service people or teachers. Factory jobs were not common. • Arranged marriages were less common • Wages improved in general • People thought that slavery would gradually disappear