You are on page 1of 31

TABLE OF CONTENT

NO.
1

1.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CONTENT

PAGES
2

2.0 INTRODUCTION

3.0 CASE STUDY

4.0 DEFINITION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT AND DEFINITION

OF SEQUENCED BATCH REACTOR (SBR)


5

5.0 PRINCIPLE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

6
7

6.0 MAIN COMPONENT IN SEWAGE TRAETMWNT PLANT


7.0 FLOW CHART OF THE SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR PLANT

7 - 11
12 - 23

PROCESS
8

8.0

THE

COMMON

PROBLEM

ENCOUNTERED

BY

THE

24

MAINTENANCE TEAM
9

9.0 SIDE EFFECTS OF THE SEWAGE TREATMENT AT THE PLANT,

25 26

TO THE PEOPLE OR TO THE ENVIROMENT


10

10.0 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

27

11

11.0 CONCLUSION

28

12

12.0 REFFERENCES

29

13

13.0 APPENDICES

30

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 1

1.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirahmanirrahim....................
Firstly, we would like to thanks to ALLAH S.W.T because He gave us a good health
and opportunity to finish our group assignment of a Building Services (EMT 257).
Secondly, we would like to express our gratitude to Madam Noraini Binti Johari because
gave us this assignment. Our group assignment topic is about the Sewage treatment Process.
By that, we can improve our knowledge about the basic operation of Building Services in
residential and commercial building such as knowing the use and location of the main and any
others component of sewage treatment plant such as sewage tank and pump. We have got the
information from supervisor and officers from Indah Water Consortium Sdn Bhd, Seri Manjung,
Perak Darul Ridzuan. By that, we can improve our soft skill by communicating with the officer
and person involved. A lot of thanks to Madam Noraini Binti Johari because gave us guidance
and advice along the process of completing the assignment.
Thirdly, thanks to Mr. Joshua as a Officer and Mr. Aidil Azizi Bin Ramli as a supervisor of
Indah Water Consortium Sdn Bhd. for the co-operation and information of related with our
assignment and. From the information given, can helped us to finish our assignment.
Furthermore, thanks to our parents for their financial support to buy all our need. Last but
not least, thanks to all group members for theirs cooperate and support in effort to finish this
assignment. Then, thanks to all people who are involved directly or indirectly while conducting
this task. Your contribution is highly appreciated.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 2

2.0 INTRODUCTION

In this assignment, our group is assigned buy our lecturer to get the information and
complete the task about Sewage Treatment Process. The objectives of this assignment are to
enable us to get the knowledge and understanding about the sewage treatment process. We
choose the Indah Water Consortium at Seri Manjung, Perak Darul Ridzuan. The location of
sewage treatment plant that suggest by the officers for our case study is at Taman Bukit
Permata.
From this assignment, we have to know about the process of sewage treatment plant,
the use and location of the main and any others component of sewage treatment plant such as
sewage tank and pump. Besides that, we also know the common problems encountered by the
maintenance team and the side effects of the sewage treatment at the plant to people and to the
environment. We are also have to know the principle use and advantages and disadvantages of
sewage treatment plant.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 3

3.0

CASE STUDY

In our task we should find sewage treatment plant related to sewage treatment process.
Our case study is located in Taman Bukit Permata, Seri Manjung. The site namely LOJI
RAWATAN KUMBAHAN LPG 131 : TAMAN BUKIT PERMATA.
Before that, we have made an appointment with the officers of INDAH WATER
CONSORTIUM MANJUNG to do this assignment. The location and address of the office is Loji
Kumbahan Indah Water, Taman Samudera, 32040 Seri Manjung, Perak, Darul Ridzuan. The
officers suggest us to go to sewage treatment plant at Taman Bukit Permata, Seri Manjung.
The type of the sewage treatment plant is Sequencing Bacth Reactor Sewage Treatment
Plant. The sewage treatment plant is for a development residential scheme in Mukim of Lumut,
District of Manjung.

4.0 DEFINITION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT


SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 4

Sewage

is

generated

by

residential,

institutional,

commercial

and

industrial

establishments. It includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks
and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste
from industry and commerce.

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and


household sewage, both run off (effluents), domestic, commercial and institutional. It includes
physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological
contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream (or treated
effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm
fertilizer).

DEFINITION OF SEQUENCED BATCH REACTOR (SBR)


Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) or sequential batch reactors are industrial processing
tanks for the treatment of wastewater. SBR reactors treat waste water such as sewage or output
from anaerobic digesters or mechanical biological treatment facilities in batches. Oxygen is
bubbled through the waste water to reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical
oxygen demand (COD) to make suitable for discharge into sewers or for use on land.
While there are several configurations of SBRs the basic process is similar. The
installation consists of at least two identically equipped tanks with a common inlet, which can be
switched between them. The tanks have a flow through system, with raw wastewater (influent)
coming in at one end and treated water (effluent) flowing out the other. While one tank is in
settle/decant mode the other is aerating and filling. At the inlet is a section of the tank known as
the bio-selector. This consists of a series of walls or baffles which direct the flow either from side
to side of the tank or under and over consecutive baffles. This helps to mix the incoming Influent
and the returned activated sludge (RAS), beginning the biological digestion process before the
liquor enters the main part of the tank.

5.0 PRINCIPLE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 5

Sewage treatment system is a multi-stage process to remove pollutant from the


wastewater before it applied to the land or to be reused. It is generally to allow human and
industrial effluents to be disposed of without danger to human health or unacceptable damage
to the natural environment. Some of the pollutants are easily to remove but there is certain
pollutant that must be converted to a settleable form before they can be removed. Therefore,
each sewage treatment plant must have a permit listing the allowable levels of Biochemical
Oxygen Demand (BOD), suspended solids, coliform bacteria and other pollutants. The sewage
treatment system is design in stages where each stage either removes particles from the
wastewater or changes dissolved and suspended material to a form that can be removed.

PRINCIPLE OF SEQUENCED BATCH REACTOR (SBR) SYSTEM

The Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is an activated sludge process designed to


operate under non-steady state conditions. The SBR operates in a true batch mode with
aeration and sludge settlement both occurring in the same tank. The SBR tank carries out the
functions of equalization aeration and sedimentation in a time sequence. Sequenced Batch
Reactors are often sized to provide mixing as well and are operated by the process control
timers. SBRs produce sludge with good settling properties providing the influent wastewater is
admitted into the aeration in a controlled manner. Other than that, the SBR system designed
with the ability to treat a wide range of influent volumes. An appropriately designed SBR process
is a unique combination of equipment and software. The SBR system is working with automated
control that can reduces the number of operator skill and attention requirement.

6.0 MAIN COMPONENT IN SEWAGE TRAETMWNT PLANT

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 6

COMPONENT

USE AND LOCATION OF COMPONENT

SCREENING

CORE SRCEEN

To remove the large item or derby


from the sewerage and last manhole
such as rock, roots, rags, clothes,
sanitary pads and others.

the debris will be remove to prevent


damage to the equipment in the plant.

The core screen is located at the


primary screen.

FINE SCREEN

To remove the small or finer


particles from sewage after the

waste water flow core screen


The location of fine screen is at
secondary screen.

PUMP
SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 7

Lift sewage and provide consistent


flow to the treatment system

Send the waste water to the next


process

A FRAME AND GUIDE RAIL

To enter the pump into the tank in


secondary screen

Guide rail is use to hold the pump in


the water to stay below the tank

GRIT CHAMBER

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 8

The location at secondary screen

To remove the sand and gravel at the


sewage tank.

GREASE CHAMBER

GRIT HOPPER

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 9

It is located at grit tank.

To remove the oil and grease that

contain in the waste water.


Located at grease chamber

To remove the debris that has been


trap in the secondary screening.

GATE VALVE

To move the treat water into the


biological tank

AIR DIFFUSE OR AIR PUMP


SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 10

To supply water in the biological tank


to get into aeration tank

FLOW METER

To measure the amount of water or


effluent

to

be

release

to

the

underground drainage and go through


the river.

7.0 FLOW CHART OF THE SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR PLANT PROCESS

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 11

INFLUENT

DISINFECTI
ON

FLOW
METER

PRIMARY
SCREEN

BIOLOGICA
L PROCESS

EFFLUENT

SECONDAR
Y SCREEN

GRIT/GREA
SE
REMOVAL

INFLUENT
SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 12

The raw wastewater will come from underground drainage.

Manhole
STAGE 1: PRIMARY SCREEN
During this stage the sequencing batch reactor tank filled with the influent waste water. Then,
the raw water will go through the screening process to separate the physical materials that
consists in the raw water. For instance, rock, roots, rags, wood and grass. However, only
heavier particles will be removes, while keeping the lighter organic in suspension. The
screening process is done by using the core screen. Another component in primary screen is a
grit hopper. A grit hopper will be located at the bottom for the accumulation of grit. The grinder
will be located at the exit of the grit chamber and will macerate any incoming objects. It will
make the particles become small enough to prevent damage to any downstream pumps or other
mechanical equipment.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 13

CORE SCREEN

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 14

GRIT HOOPER

STAGE 2: SECONDARY SCREEN


SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 15

In this stage, the smaller particle in waste water will be removes. The screening process is using
fine screen. A frame will be used to enter the pump into the tank. Guide rail is used to hold the
pump in the water to stay below the tank. The distance between rolls of fine screen is closer
because it needs to screen lighter organics that consists in raw water. Then, the grit and grease
that left in the tank will be removes to the other stage.

FINE SCREEN

STAGE 3: GRIT OR GREASE REMOVAL

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 16

Grit is sand that contain in sewage. Hence, the pump needs to removes all the sands, gravel
and other inorganics that contain in water. It was done by using the grit chamber, the water that
contains the sand will be release from the tank and after all the water was out the sand will be
remain in the provided tank located below the grit tank. While, the grease is the fat and oil that
contains in the waste water. It may come from the shop lot nearby the plant. The grease will be
saving in grease tank. Then, the process to removes grease from the waste water is done by
using grease chamber.

GRIT

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 17

THE GRIT AFTER HAVE BEEN REMOVE FROM WASTE WATER

GREASE TANK
STAGE 4: BIOLOGICAL PROCESS

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 18

At this stage, the water waste is clean from grit and grease. The treat water was removes to the
biological tank by using gate valve. Then, the process to removes major pollutants will occur.
The major pollutants is BOD and SS. BOD is stand for biological oxygen demand and SS refer
to suspended solids. The temperature of oxygen in biological tank must be in good condition. It
is to avoid the existing of bacteria. Biological tank must be deep.

BIOLOGICAL TANK

From the biological tank, the water

will be removes into two equivalent tanks for the

purpose of aeration. It was removes by using air refuse. Only one tank will be aeration at

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 19

one time, while the other one tank will be settled. The duration for aeration process is 2
hours.

Aeration Process

The Equivalent Tank was settled

STAGE 5: DISINFECTION

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 20

After all the aeration process was done, the water will go to the pump provided and the clear
water only will be in the disinfection place. While, the water that not clear enough will be save at
the different tank to be clear again. Disinfection process is to put the chlorine in the clear water.
The dose of chlorine used must be measured and in right dose. It is to prevent the water
become contaminated and also to take care the quality of the water. The chlorine is used to kill
all the bacteria that life in water. The arrangement of the disinfection tank is not equal because
to make sure the water will get enough chlorine when it passes the row.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 21

STAGE 6: FLOW METER


The treat water that gets the chlorine will be send to the flow meter troughs underground
drainage. At the flow meter, records how much flow of water that been release.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 22

EFFLUENT
The water will be release to the river nearby trough underground drainage system.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 23

8.0 THE COMMON PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED BY THE MAINTENANCE TEAM

The size of sewage treatment plant is based on the number of residents within that area.
If the number of house that needs to be connected with plant is high, hence Indah Water
Consortium has to provide a big plant at that area. The maintenance work occurs in every types
of plant.
For our case study, the maintenance team has to make the maintenance work at least
two times per month. There are a several common problem that have to be face by the
maintenance team. First is the grease from shop lot nearby. The grease from shop lot will
blocked the process of plant and the worst is, it may make the pump become stuck. Other than
that, the pumps become stuck because of solid waste like sanitary pads that have been flush
down through the toilet. Instead of that the maintenance team has to make a lot of work to settle
that problem.
Second problem is gas of hydrogen sulphate from the plant which is in manhole. The
gas may make our nervous system damage. When the workers do the maintenance works, the
workers are not allowed to enter the manhole alone it is because they may expose to the gas in
the manhole. If they smell the gas and not exit the manhole they will collapse. Moreover, if they
did not get the help they will die in second. This condition can be a big threat to the
maintenance team of Indah Water Consortium.
Third, the other problem in our case study plant is the manhole cover being stolen by
theft. This problem occurs because the cover was made by metal, the theft will sell it as the
scrap metal. Indah Water Consortium has to cover the cost to buy the cover of manhole that has
been stole. Consequently, the cost is not cheap. Furthermore, without the cover it will give the
danger to the public or maintenance workers because they could fall into the manhole.
Lastly, the maintenance team also disposed to unpleasant sights and smells. The smell
may come from the treatment process. Hence, they must take initiative precautions to protect
their nose and eyes. Moreover, the maintenance team also has to work in all different weather
conditions such as in rain day or in extreme hot day.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 24

9.0 SIDE EFFECTS OF THE SEWAGE TREATMENT AT THE PLANT, TO THE


PEOPLE OR TO THE ENVIROMENT
There are a several side effect of the sewage treatment at the plant to the people and the
environment. The sewage treatment plant can give a few effects to the people and the
environment either positive or negative.

EFFECTS OF USE CHLORINE IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT


Chlorine is used in the process of wastewater treatment in sewage treatment plants. Chlorine is
a liquid used to kill or eradicate bacteria and microbes found in water. The chlorine is used
almost all over the world for the treatment of wastewater because of its effect to kill the bacteria
because many diseases like cholera as a result of water pollution and untreated sewage system
well. In Malaysia, more than 90% of the drinking water treatment plant Disinfection System
(disinfecting) by chlorination of raw water.
PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM
Chlorine can kill some bacteria at the sewage treatment plant, but its use also affect human
health and the environment, results showed side effects of chlorine and chlorination to bladder
cancer, liver, stomach, rectum and colon include heart disease, atherosclerosis, anemia, high
blood pressure, and, allergic reactions.
DISEASE
If sewage is not processed properly it will cause a variety of diseases to humans. These
diseases may be caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa pathogens or worms in the waste water.
The most common form of the disease and indeed cause problems around the world are
covering the diseases that occur when water contaminated by the feces and urine of humans or
animals. That has various types of disease such as like cholera, typhoid, dysentery amoeba,
gastroentritis, askariasis, giardiasis, and other kriptosporidiosis. Cholera epidemic continues
especially considered dangerous to humans.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 25

POLLUTE THE STREAM


Environmental impact is if there is a breakdown in the sewage system and not properly
maintained l it would interfere with the sewage treatment process and resulting water in the tank
is cannot be treated well it may also result in effluent to be discharged into the river after the
process complete plant does not reach the required standard. As a result, the rivers are
polluted, poor in appearance and smell.
KILL AQUATIC LIFE
The effluent that flow from the last process at the sewage treatment plant must follow the If the
standard of the Biological Oxygen Demand BOD. If the effluent is not following the standard of
BOD it can affect to the population that life within the streams, rivers, lakes, seas and others.
The aquatic life or animals live the water will because not have enough oxygen. Algae and weed
feed off the nitrate and Increase further clogging the rivers.

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 26

10.0 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE SERVICE


ADVANTAGES
-Process due to its flexibility, good contact

DISADVANTAGES
-A higher level of sophistication is required

between substrate and microorganisms, and

(compared

efficient oxygen transfer.

especially for larger systems, of timing units

to

conventional

systems),

and controls.
-Can handle large fluctuations in flow and

- The reactor needs regular maintenance

influent quality.

and should be inspected periodically.

-Maximum day flow sizing and not peak

- Potential plugging of aeration devices

hourly.

during selected operating cycles, depending


on

the

aeration

system

used

by the

manufacturer.
- It is a simple method of treatment and also

- Needs a highly skilled operator.

reliable at the same time.


- It is less operator attention intensive when

-Can be higher in operating cost, do not

compared with some of the mechanical

control the cost of electric (more mechanical

treatment methods.

equipment).

- It is suitable for use with low volume inflow

- Potential of discharging floating or settled

in wastewater treatment plants where the

sludge during the DRAW or decant phase

flow level varies widely.

with some SBR configurations.

- The header in conjunction with a computer

- Potential requirement for equalization after

controlling for flow proportional aeration

the SBR, depending on the downstream

makes more oxygen available at higher flows

processes.

than at lower flows by measuring the rate of


change in the flow level in reactor.

11.0 CONCLUSION

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 27

As the conclusion, our group get a few information and understands about the process
of sewage treatment plant. We also get the opportunity to visit the sewage treatment plant with
the supervisor. The type of plant that we visit is the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Plant that
did not have an Oxidation Ponds and Clarifiers at the plant. By that, we know about the process
involved in the plant from the beginning until the end of the process of sewage.
Furthermore, we also know the common problem encountered in the sewage treatment
plant and the side effect of the process to the people and the environment. So, the sewage and
waste water have to be treating properly to remove the pollutant that cause a danger to human
health and natural environment. The effluent from the sewage treatment plant must achieve the
standard of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Suspended Sludge (SS).

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 28

12.0 REFERRENCES
- Interview
The officer of INDAH WATER CONSORTIUM MANJUNG
- Mr. Joshua
The supervisor of INDAH WATER CONSORTIUM MANJUNG
-

Aidil Azizi Bin Ramli

Lecturer
- Madam Noraini Binti Johari
-Internet
http://www.iwk.com.my/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequencing_batch_reactor
http://www.scribd.com/doc/18036053/Kaedah-Pelupusan-Sisa-Kumbahan-Sistemhttp://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Environmental/Steps/EnvSysSBR.html
http://inspectapedia.com/septic/Sequencing_Batch_Septic.htm
http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env110/lesson12.htm
http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Advantages-Of-Using-Sequential-Batch-Reactor-For-WastewaterTreatment&id=5582761

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 29

13.0 APPENDICES

THE SIGNBOARD F THE PLANT

THE SEQUENCING BACTH REACTOR (SBR) PLANT

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 30

THE SUPERVISOR OF INDAH WATER CONSORTIUM

SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Page 31

You might also like