(

to

:3

MANUAL
OF

PALESTINEAN ARABIC
FOR SELF-INSTRUCTION

BY

H. H.

SPOER

M. A. PH. D.

(N. Y. Univ.) B. D.

(Rutgers CoU.)

Sometime Fellow of The American School of Archaeology

and Oriental Research in Jerusalem.

AND

E.^NASRALLAH HADDAD
Teacher

of

Arabic at the Teachers' Seminary

Syrisches Waisenhaus in Jerusalem.

JERUSALEM
1909.

of

the

PREFACE.
tan
stanc

The present volume has grown

abundant reason

experienced

to

for

suppose

that

some means

out of a need

others

of acquiring a

which

knowledge

some

have

as myself have

as well

dialect spoken, not only in Jerusalem, but with

of the

Arabic

slight variations,

whole of Palestine, to-day.

Such manuals as already exist in English are, for the most
adapted for the Egyptian Arabic, or for the Libanese such
spoken in Beirut and in the north, or for other special districts,

in the

part,

as is

and may be misleading, especially in nomenclature, to such as have

learnt no Arabic whatever; and confusing to those who,
self,

when

came

like

my-

into this part of the country six years ago, are

Such manuals, moreover,

contain many words which occur only in modern, literary Arabic,
and which, as not belonging to the vernacular and not understood
by the populace, have, in this volume, been carefully excluded.
students of the classical language only.

have sought to

interested

in

adapt this

the dialect as such,

work

the language for daily use iu Palestine

the Arabic

to

as well

student

as to those requiring

also to the passing traveller

seeking to make himself understood, and to understand those about

him. In these days of multiplication of railways, hotels, and other

conveniences

of

travel,

when

the

phrase-book

increasingly urgent.

is

obtrusive

often

happily becoming less of a necessity,

the

demand

dragoman

for a

The necessary

limits of

a Manual obviously preclude the possibility of presenting a

which

is

exhaustive, even in regard to the vernacular;

ever hoped that

for

it

may

be found to include

all

that

is

is

practical

such

Grammar

it

is

how-

necessary

such practical use as has been suggested.

The Latin

script has

been used throughout, in order

the precise pronounciation, each

word being

transliterated as uttered

in the vernacular, regardless of its form in literary

there are

many

to give

Arabic from which

deviations, especially in the s sounds.

The

literary

Arabic gives
has
s

as

us,

The

fara.

example,

for

cojisonant

"a mare" while the vernacular

faias

sometimes pronounced as

is

IV

These changes being characteristic

z.

the fact of such differences

is

t,

d as

a,

or

of the c^i' ^quial Arabic,

nual has no

not indicated, as th

concern but with the spoken language of to-day.

be remarked

It m^.^

that vowels are not always used consistently, especially the do sound

and short

which are often interchanged even

i,

One may hear koblle as well

therefore the more important

as

kille,

in the

same

district.

himl as well as hdbml.

It

is

that the beginner should pay attention

to the correct pronouuciation of consonants, as well as to the placing

of the accent,

which we have indicated whenever a word occurs

for the first time,

and

often, later.

While, in regard to consonants, we have followed the trans-

employed

literation

in

follows no scientific

Wright's Arabic

English analogies, in view of

and who wish

logists,

will

have no

difficulty

to

Grammar, that

but has been

system,

use by those

its

who

of

vowels

adapted

carefully

to

are not philo-

study without a teacher. The philologist

in recognising the Arabic original.

It

has

not been thought necessary to give any indication of the very short
e

or

the

which is often all that remains, in the dialect, of

vowel between two consonants, at the beginning of certain

sound,

full

Form VIII.
when doubt as

words, especially of
In

all

has arisen

cases

we have

to the

followed the

representation

practical

method

of

sounds

of submitting

the question to educated English friends, not Arabic scholars,

the double process of showing the written form

we

suggest

by
and

asking '"how would you pronounce this?" and by pronouncing the

word and asking, "how would you

It is imperative that the

write this?"

learner,

who wishes to read and

its own script, but the

write Arabic, should study the language in

fact of its

being usually written without vowels makes

especially in view of the inadequacy of

the

it

evident,

Arabic vowels,

that

the differences between the literary and the vernacular, and the
comparison of the two which for the student is of utmost interest

and

importance

can be

afforded

only by careful

transliteration

into a foreign script.

My

task of acccumulating grammatical and

ations has been the

work

of

many years and

is

syntactical vari-

the fruit of con-

Though

tinuous observation.

Arabs

freely with

have

of

my

assistance of

final

Arabic

in

town

hope as to the usefulness

felt less

in the

my

has been

it

classes

all

privilege to associate

and

country, I should

of the result,

without the

Elias Nasrallah Haddad, teacher

friend

Teachers' Seminary

of

Syrisches Waisenhaus,

of the

Jerusalem, whose knowledge of the classical language has enabled

him

changes and distinctions which might have

to appreciate

caped even an Arab whose scholarship was

es-

while his intimacy

less,

with Palestineau and Libanese Arabic, in various dialects, has given

him an insight into

a

own language,

his

European however long

practically unattainable by

his residence,

or

however profound

bis

observation.

The conversations and vocabularies

Part

will,

it

also to the large

and increasing number

mainly clergy,

dents,

to be found in the

of

English-speaking resi-

missionaries and teachers,

communicate with the people

who, obliged to

have often not

in their vernacular,

the leisure to undertake a more profound study of

It is

the

language.

suggested that by covering up one column, English or Arabic

may

as the case

be, the conversations

exigences of illustrating

rules

the grammar, such phrases as

The small

may

have allowed,

may

collection of idioms, stories,

the student,

as also

Grammar,
I

is

and

it

the

as

life.

rhymes and proverbs

is

hoped, be in itself

the lists of animals and plants

all

the Arabic words which occur in the

collaborator have to thank Director Pastor Schneller

taking the printing

nothing

far

intended to serve, at the same time, as an index.

my

and the Printing-master

difficulty,

so

employ, even in

The English-Arabic Vocabulary, which

belonging to the country.

contains, besides others,

to

conceivably be of use in daily

intended for reading-exercise, and will,

of interest to

also serve the student

Care has been taken,

for exercise in translation.

is

Second

hoped, be useful to the traveller in his hotel, and

is

of

as well as that of
of the

Syrisches Waisenhaus for underwork under considerable mechanical

the fact that the young printers know

of the

this

English language.

We

would also thank Mrs. Haddad for the collection of tales

and proverbs, and my wife for general help and encouragement,
in a task in which there have been many unforseen difficulties.
Feast

of

the Epiphany, 1909

H. H. Spoer.

Table of Contents

Part First
Transliteration, of Consonants

Transliteration of Vowels

Miscellaneous Remarks

The

2
3

47

Article

Pronouns.

17
21
22 27
8

Personal, Suffixed, and Possesive

18

Demonstrative
Interrogative,

Relative

2829

Various Pronominal Expressions, etc

30

36

Numerals.
Cardinal Numbers
Numbers 310
Change of the Numeral in the Counting of Things
Dual of the Noun instead of tnaiu, and Counting in

Commercial Transactions

Date

40

42
43

44
45
46

Ordinal Numbers

4748

Cardinals serving as Ordinals

Number and Time

Fractions whose Numerator

49

5051

Fractions
is

Fractions whose Denominator

Time

39
.

41

Numbers 11 to 19
The Noun in Connection with Numbers
Cardinal Numbers treated like Adjectives

Adverbial Phrases of

3738

52

2
is

above 10

53

54

vir

55

Percentage

56

"Double", "triple" etc

"One by one"

5758

etc

Arithmetical Signs

59

Verbs expressing arithmetical Eelations

60

Days

of the

Week

61

Prepositions.

62

List of regular Prepositions

Prepositions with Suffixes

63

ma', 'ind, la/

64

Prepositions followed by the Article

65

Paradigms

66

Use

of Prepositions

with Suffixes

67

of bain

Present Tense of "to have."

Past Tense of "to have".

68

69

"To be right
wrong; to owe; ought"
"There is"
"To be able, may, can, will"
Lists of

70
71

Compound Prepositions

Adjectives formed from Prepositions

71R.

72

73
74

Adverbs^

75 79

Lists of Adverbs

"Alone"

80

Adverbial use of baka and ad

81

Negations.
82

Verb

Negation

of the

Negation

of the other parts of

Speech

83

Negative Expressions

84

"No" in answer to a Question

The Negation rair.

85

Interjections

and Exlamations.

87-88

Calling a Person

Admiration, Surprise and

86

Woe

89

YIII

Comparative and Superlative Degrees.

Comparative. Paradigms
Comparative

90

of Adjectives

93

or Colours

"The more ... the more"

"Than" of Comparison
Comparative

92

denoting physical Defects

94
95
96

of Inferiority.

9798

Superlative
Verb

99100

General Remarks

Formation

Plural

Perfect

101

Imperfect

102

Imperative

103

Pres. Participle

104

,,

Past Participle

105

Participles, feminine form

106

of the

of Participles

107

Division of the Verb

108110

The Strong Verb

The Regular Strong Verb
The Doubled Verb
Verbs which have

117115
116

as l^t or

2"'^

117120

Rad

The Weak Verb

Verbs

l^t

Verbs

l^t

Radical

121122

Radical y
Verbs whose 2'^^ Radical

is

Verbs which have

as

3'^^

a or

123

124126
127

Radical

The Doubly Weak Verb

Verb having
Verbs whose
Verbs whose

a as

l^t

and

'S^^^

Rad.

is

w and

2""^

Rad.

is

Verbs whose 2"^ Rad.

is

128

Radical

l^t

the

S''^

and the

3"^^

y and the

S'"''

or

or

i.

i.

129

130

131

IX

Derived Forms
132133

Oeneral Kemarks

Forms II X

134153

The Strong Verb

of

Four Radicals

154

The Substantive
155

DerivatioD

Regular Feminine Singular

Nouns feminine in Gender, although not

Plural and Dual

in

Form

157

158159
160

Collective nouns

Adjectives formed from collective Nouns of Peoples

Names

156

Nisbe used to form

16 IR

formed by means of the Nisbe

of Professionals etc.

161
162

new Nouns

163

Sound Plural
Sound Plural
Sound Plural

of

masculine Nouns

of feminine

Sound Plural

of

Nouns

165

Nouns

of four or

166

more Radicals

167

Broken Plural

The Broken Plural

Nouns of four or more Consonants

169

168
174

Adjective
Adjectives formed by means of the }\isbe

....

175

176

Sound Plural of Adjectives

Broken Plural of Adjectives

177

183

Adjectives denoting Materials

Syntactical and other

idafe

Insertion of helping

The Adjective

Remarks
184189

The Noun
Possessive Case,

182

190

191

193

194

192

Vowel

The Verb
Verb

Eelatioii of the

195-197

Noun

to its

198199

"Doing" or "about to do"

"The following, the next, the coming"
Participles corresponding to an English

200

Noun

or Ad-

201

jective

Present or Past Tenses

202

Infinitive

203

Imperfect Tense

204

Pluperfect Tense

Future

205

Tense

208

Future Perfect

207

Conditional Sentences

208

Hypothetical Sentences

209

Imperative with the Negation

2L0

"Let us",

211

(let ^permit)

The Impersonal Form of Expression in English

212
213

The Passive Voice

Position of Adverbs and adverbial Phrases

The Past and Future Tenses

....

Generalisation of Interrogative Pronouns and Adverbs

The Conditional
Use of the Verb

217

am"

"If I

sar

214

215216

of "to have" and "to be"

218
219

.'

Loss of Prefix of second Verb

220

Diminutives

Use

of aboo,

221
dbmm,

ibn, bint

and

222

sahib

Part Second.
The Verb
The Verb

"to be" Present, Past and

"to

Future Tenses

8790

have" Present Tense formed with Pre90

positions

Ditto Past and Future Tenses

The Verbs

Page
.

to be,

become

93

9395
95

(sar)

Personal Pronouns in the Nominative and Accusative

Cases

Can ('know how)

Can (=to be able)
Will,

wish

9697
97

9S

9899
99100

XI

Page

Verb with the pronominal

Suffix

Demonstrative Interrogative and Relative Pronouns

Self,

the

Each
All,

101
101 102
102 104

100

Possessive Pionouns and Phrases

same

105
106

other, some, after

every

any

Other, another,

110
112
112 113
113 114
114 115
109

Cardinal Numerals

Oidinal Numerals, Dates and Fractions

Ill

Time and Percentage

Prepositions

To be right, to be wrong, to owe, ought

Compound Prepositions, Adverbs Negations

etc

Illustrations with rair

117

117
118

119

120

115

118

Exclamations

Interjections and

107

107108
108109

Comparative and Superlative Degrees

Adjectives of Materials, Phj'sical Defects and Colours

121

125

125
126

Inquiries as to Health etc

126

129

Travel by Train

129131

Derived Forms

of the

122

Verb

Verbs with four Radicals with and without the Prefix

Conversations

etc.

Riding and Driving

At the Hotel

I3l

Breakfast

Lunch

143

Bedroom-Service
In the Drawing

134

135137
137-139
139143

Room

146

146
148

148151
151153

The Kitchen
Washing
Sewing Room
Salutations, Compliments etc

156
159
159 163

Stories

164173

154

Meteorological, Phrases

Names

of the

156

173

Months

Songs and Rhymes

173

178


Proverbs

XII

and Sayings

181

178

Idioms

181184

Imprecations and Curses

184

Street Cries

185187
187188

National Dishes

185

Vocabularies

General

189190
190192
192223

Additions and Corrections

224

Animals
Plants and Fruits

226

Part First

Grammar

Arabic.

1.

Transliteration of

tlie

Consonants.

Arabic.

ee

pronounced

is

instances,

and represents, in most

like the preceding,

preceded by

kesra.

To avoid error, u is generally rendered by

short, medium or long, do represents \ oo ^, oo i\
u is used only for the conjunction "and" and

to be

is

The

is

or

oo

ob,

pronounced

oo,

oo.

pronounced like u in "up".

letters

e,

actually vowels,

a or

end

at the

feminine

of a

the place of an original

but take

noun are not

t

{cf.

163)

which, under certain conditions, reappears.

3. Miscellaneous Remarks.

The

h at the

letter

end

word must be pro-

or

of a syllable

nounced. There are no silent letters.

If

and h stand together they must be pronounced separately,

likewise

as in the English

sch,

aw must
to

word "eschew."

not be regarded as a diphthong, but the letters are

be pronounced separately.

To

distinguish the article to the eye,

by a hyphen

e, g.

el-hakeem

The Arabs run the words together

consonant and vowel meet. This

The long

it

always followed

is

"the doctor".

is

in

cases where

all

generally indicated by -^.

word has two long

upon the second, e. g. kareem "generous",
shareef "noble", ameeneen "faithful" (plur.), hakmeen "rulers".
sj'llables the

syllable has always the accent. If the

accent

The accent

is

falls

by the sign

generally indicated

'

except in

the case of long syllables.

The
The

4.

definite article is

assimilated with the

if it
e.

is
g.

t,

t,

1*^

letter

j, d, d, r, z, s, sh,

et-tajir

Article.

d,

The merchant

al,

el

of the
t,

S,

1,

or

ii.

noun
n.

The
to

of the article is

which

it

belongs,

The shadow

ed-dill
es-sillll

opinion

en-nar

fire

el-lookme

For prepositions with assimilated

Words which end

5.

^. jo(:)wa,^l-balad

likewise assimilate the

barra^l-mdeene

Inside of the village

Outside

il-bakara^^l-balda The white cow.

town

of the

morsel, bite

article cf. 65.

vowel

in a

the vowel of the article being omitted:

article,
e.

The greed

et-tama'

The Arabic language has no indefinite article. To

6.
render the noun indefinite, the article is simply omitted, e. g, dar
a

house

also the idafe 191. about the omission of the article).

{cf.

The

7.

pronominal

article

suff'ix

cf.

also

is

9.

omitted before

Remark

noun with

1.

Pronouns.

Personal Pronouns
8.

Sing:

ana,

p.

m.

f.

''

Plur:

m. hoo or hoowe he
hee, hiye

f.

conscience

nahna or ihna we

1.

p.

2.

p.

\
m. and

/.

inti

the

lit\

Separate Pronouns.

a)

int, or, inte thou

.

e,

ed-dameer

3.

p.

m. and

she

)
t
f.

llltOO

you
^

hoomme

\
f.

into

hoom orhonnethey

These pronouns stand alone.

He is faithful hoomme fellaheen They are peasants
g. hoo ameeu
int' 'afreet
You are a rogue ual.ina mabsooteen We are well.
9.

Sing

p.

b)

Suifixed Pronouns.

Plur

f.

ek

m. and

m. and

'

Remark

1.

These

pronouns

do

kot)m
f.

p.

1
n

ha

f.

na

p.

ak

3 m.

2 p.

m.

p
f.

hoom, hon,

not stand alone,

suffixed to the nouns to which they belong, and which

this case,

take the article.

or,

on

but are

do not, in

ii

e.

g.

jazmitkd'om Your

My

halakhit

Her eanings

noun ends

in a

2.

ridiug-boots

mal.ibarti

Remark

inkstand

'aiizitna

Our goat

meezano

His scales

chassitho'om

Their property

In the sing, they take a different form

vowel:

e.g.

when

the


Sing:

ill

filimato

She has

understood

fhimnakoom

We

have

fliimtooliobm

You

fihmooki

They

hini.

you (plur.\
them.

you

(f.)

b) Imperfect with pronominal suffixes

byifhamni

He

btifhamak

She

btifliamha

You

(m.)

(f.)

btifhameeh

me.

understands

you(m.).

understand

her.

him.

bafhamkolDn

you.

byifliamoona

They

us.

btifliamooh

You

him.

mnifhamkoon

We

you.

Demonstrative Pronouns.

Ism^il-ishara
18.

noun of the pointing

The demonstrative pronouns are

m. hada

Sing:

lit:

Plur:

This

out.

as follows:

hadol, or liadola

These

hadi

f.

m. hadak

hadoleek

That

Those

hadeek

f.

For the

19.

letter

of these

pronouns

The demonstrative pronoun

cf.

is

1.

always

followed

by

the article:

hada^l-bait

This house

liadi^_,l-bint

This

had61,_,en-naddarat

These eyeglasses

had61._,el-0t>hsne

Thesehorses.

hadak _,il-beer

That

hadeek^ el-fara

That mouse.

e.g.

cistern

hadoleek,^el-ro"'oslan Those gazelles

hadoleek^ ed-dalyat Those

is

vines-

The contraction of the dem. pron. with the following

more usual, the distinction of gender and number is

20.
article

girl.

thereby effaced.
hal-bait

We

thus have
This house

for

hada^l-bait

had-dchool

This entrance

has-shoon

These plates

for

liada^^d-dchool

hadol^es-slioon

"Here is" when followed by a personal pronoun or noun

hiya
which is unchangeable:

21.
or

hi

is,

Sing:

e.

or hiyani Here

hini

y.

hiak

hiyik(f.)

Plur:

hiyak

hiyaki

g. hi

ed-dra" Here

hiboom hon

you are

hioo

hiyo

he

hiha

hiyaha

,.

she

hina

or hiyana

the dra

is

is
is

Here we are

hikoom hiyakoom
hiboom ,, hiyahoom
e.

am.

you are

(s27 inch.) hi

you are

they are

el-karrosa Here

is

carnage-

the

hiyaha barra There she

Here they are'

is

outside.

Interrogative Pronouns.

adawat il-istifham
22.

who?

meen

e.

The regular interrogative pronouns are:

shoo (sho^o), or, aish what?
iya (ni. f. and

mal,

i,

For the other interrogative

g. meen byiji
TMio comes?

particles

shoo ism hal-mara What

is the name
of this woman?
aish fee hon

what

is

cf.

75

biddik

no'

pi.)

which?

ff.

What

do

kind

you wish?

ktab ahsan Which book

iya

up

is

better?

here?

Remark: The

inter, pron.

ma "what?"

is

pers. pron. in connection with the preposition

.

g.

malak what
23.

is

meen

the matter with you?

is

malo what

used only with

the

i.

is

the matter with him?

used with prepositions:

lameen

To whom?

ma' meen

with whom?

min meen From whom?

Use of 'an meen:

meen To whom?
meen
Of whom?
'ala meen cf. 70.
la 'iud

'an

meen hakait
Of whom are you speaking?
meen katabt hada in place of whom did you write this?
"Wbose?" is rendered by meen followed by the pronoun
'an

'an

referring to the noun.


e.

bint

g.

fi

la

or,

laish,

meen hee? Whose

Instead

24,

aish

for

whj?

wliat?

what? with what?

aish in

daughter

with

shoo

of

she?

is

lit:

daughter who she?

prepositious, aish

is

preferred.

about what?

'an aish

ma' aish with wliat?

bi

mill aish

or

aish

what

of

(material)?
e.

g.

la aish hal- kooffe

For what does

'an aish btillki

About what are you speaking?

With what

bi aish btiktib

hattait^el-leera

bi aish

With what

ma' aish cbalato

min aish ma'mool hal-bab
aish?

25.
"I

have not understood",

did he mix it?

Of what

this door

made?

na'am

"please?"

form

is

of

often used

shoo?,

did you cut it?

With what

familiar

the

is

are you WTiting?

in what did you put the lira?

aish kassaito

fl

basket serve?

this

in the

same

for,

sense,

is

impolite.

The

26.
eni

or
e.

g.

fellaheen

eno'bm

enhi (f),

instead of

i,

use: enoo or enhoo

iya

(m),

enboljm (plur.)

enoo walad

Which boy?

iya chaime

eni chaime

Which

iya ashchas

enlioom ashchas

Which persons?

iya barameel

,,

enho'om barameel

AVhich ban-els

walad

or

farreen

farreen

27.

question without an interrogative pronoun

tent?

are

empty?
is

expres-

sed by simple intonation.

Therefore:

hal-kol)rsi

may mean

"this chair" or ''this chair?"

The Relative Pronoun.

ism,__^il-mowsool
28.
is

The

relative

lit:

the connected noun

pronoun,

for

all

genders and numbers,

illi.

e.g.

er-rajo'ol

illi

en-niswan

aja

illi

rannoo

The man who came,

The women who sang,

et-talmeedilliakram m'allmo The

el-

hsan

illi

harab

pupil that honoured his teacher.

The horse which ran away.


29.

The

with the pers.

pron.

rel.

10

next", "the following", "the coming";

e.

g.

eKaskari
es-sana

ba'do inkatal The uext

illi

illi

pron.

ba'dha

used for "the

is

also 200.

cf.

was

soldier

The following

killed,

year.

el-marra^j-jai

The (coming) next

el-fobrsa^-jai

The coming

time,

holidays.

Various Pronominal Expressions.

30.

"Self", is

"state, condition";
1.
it

is

nafs

rendered by

or dat are used

in apposition,

if self

when

hal

3.

eed can only be used

is

the object of reflexive verbs

when

the object of

self is
self is

or,

if

bnafs, bdat.
refl.

verbs.

and a manual

in apposition

implied.

e.g. el-chawaja

ana 'amilto
(reflexive)

is

generally prefixed:

is

can only be used when

2.

action

Ml

"soul"; dat "essence";

nafs

eed hand".

aja

or bdato

bnafso

The gentleman came

bnafsi, or bdati or bi eedi

i did it

himself.

myself,

il-harami sallam nafso or dato or halo la^d-dole The

thief

gave himself over to the goverment.

31.
e.g.

"The same" is also expressed by

dat^el-kamoos
The man

er-rajool shtara

dat:

bought the same lexicon,

hal-walad shaf dat daftar.^es-SOOWar This boy saw the same

irkibt 'ala dat el-hsan

I rode the

nimshi 'ala dat ed-darb

We

32.
verb, which

e.g.

is

reciprocal,

g.

3''*^

may

147)

(cf.

also be expressed

often followed

sufiix,

by

ii-bad.

The men
The

sallamoo 'ala ba'dhot)n il-ba'd

They greeted each

la'antOO ba'dko'bm il-ba'd

You have

tlie

"A

of the

by

ba'd

The verb

is

pers. plural.

ez-zlam biktloo ba'dhot)m

without
e.

take the same road.

el-'askar haraboo baVlliOOn

33.

picture-book,

horse,

"Each other", often rendered by the VI Form

with the pronominal

put in the

same

few",

or "some",

article followed

ba'd el-owlad

Some

is

kill

soldiers

each other.

warred with each other

other.

cursed each other.

rendered by

ba'd,

with

by a noun:
ba'dna

of the boys.

ba'd el-mj-allafat iksar kteer

few

of these

Some

of us.

envelopes are too short.

or

"Some" may

Remark:
e.g.

11

by idsm mia "part of:

also be rpdered

kism mia^^el-hadreen liakoo

Some

of those

kism min,^el-msafreen matoo

Some

of

"AH"

34.

or "every"

rendered by

is

kooU^en-nas

e.g.

All the world.

yom

Everyday.

"Other", "another" or "besides"

35.

"entirety":

Every horseman.

kolDl^ed-dinya
ko't)!!

ko^oU

present spoke.
travellers died.

All the people.

chiyal

ko't)!!

the

is

rendered

by

rair

with the suffixed pronoun:

e. g.

shoo bichooss rairhoom

meen kan

"\Miat does

Who

rairak hon

inba'at rair mirsal

"Any"

36.

is

g.

ta'ali

Another messenger was

shee

shee

g.

(c/.

Come

(f.)

any day.

hiyallah

hiyallah hadiye btikfl

hiyallall

Chadim lazim

yiji

Any

present

Any

of the servants shall

Cardinal Numbers.

37.
1.

sent.

82)

yom
b)

e.

concern the others?

rendered by
a)

e.

it

was there heside you?

el-a'dad^il-asliye
The cardinal numbers are as follows:

suffices.

come


80.

12

13

The numbers 11

42.

ed

e.

g.

tamanta'shar walad

is boys;

tiatta'shar bab

13 doors;

chamsta'shar kalb

15 dogs;

kasr

sitta'shar

The noun

43.

and

10,

Remark:
these numbers

when

follow-

g.

object

is

16 castles;

put into the plural after the numbers 3 to

after all the other numbers.
For

39. 40. 42. 44.

The rules laid down in 42. 43 apply

when compounded with hundreds.

miye ii_tlat bral

103 mules;

mitain u^tlatta'shar mahboos

213 prisoners.

The
numbered

is

es-sitt

g.

a noun with

bawareed

el-arba"

45.
e.

date

g.

also

cardinal numbers are treated like adjectives

44.

e.

ar

singular

the

into

illustrations see

e.

Intake the ending

to

a noun:

b}^

ttie

article;

The

six guns.

The

fsool

is

expressed

in

Ordinal

4th of May.

the

four chapters, or, the four seasons.

cardinal numbers:

sab'a u Mshreen neesan

arba'a iyar

if

to

27th of April,

wahad ab

i^t

of

August.

Numbers and Fractions.

a'dad tarteebiye w^iksoor.

46.

The

ordinal

numbers which have both a masc. and

form are as follows:

Masc:

el-owwal
et-taui
et-talit

er-rabi'

el-chamis
es-sadis
es-sabi'

et-tamin
et-tasi'

el-'asher

Fem:

el-oola

fem.

14

Masc:

Fern:

el-hadi 'ashar
et-tani 'ashar

el-hadye 'ashar The eleventh

et-taiiye 'ashar The twelfth

from 10
the article,
witli
47. The cardinal numbers,
the
unit
is an
numbers
compound
in
but
ordinals,
upwards, serve for
ordinal, as in English:
e.g.

el-'eshreen

(m. and

Tlie

f.)

el-hadi \v_^el-'eshreen (m.)

el-hadye w_el-'eshreeu

(f.)

et-tani w_et-tlateen (m.)

et-tanye w_et-tlateen
el-arbaeen
es-sabi'

(m. and

w^is-sab'een (m.)

es-sab'a w^is-sab'een

48.

The use

express the ordinal,

is

much more

(f.)
f.)

(f.)

of the cardinal
for

number with the

frequent than the use of the ordinal

el-wal.iad
et-tlati

article,

to

the numbei'S beginning with the eleventh

w^il-'eshreen

W_lt-tlateen

The

tweuty-first.

The

thirty-third.

number proper:


Sing:

15


Remark
e.

The meaning

2.

of imda'af

baddi akafik imda af

g.

16

is

I will repay

"twofold"

your kindness twofold,

"One by one", "two by two" etc. may be expressed

by wahad wahad; tuaintoaiu; or by the insertion of the conjunction u between the numerals:
57.

either

wahad u wahad;.

tlati

tlati.

Instead of wahad wahad

{lit:

One

may

also say

wahad

58.

et-tani

Note the following expressions:

chatra or marra once; bchatra walide or bmarra

one

ba'^d

one after the second.)

time

59.

wa
e.g.

bass marra or marra vvahde

miu or

-f-j

ma

min chamse

verbs by

I.^he

x;

fe:e

'aia -f-

chamse

3 from 5;

arba'a 'ala tnain

4 divided by

tsawi :=;

ilia tlate

SjlessS;

2.

which these arithmetical relations are

expressed are:
jama'

tarah

add;

to

darab

multiply;

tsawi

The Days

iyam

kasam

subtract;

or fadil

it

divide;

equals.

Week.

of the

il-joom'a.

61.
el-ahad

{lit:

the

et-tuain

et-talata

el-arba'a

first

second

vz.

day)

Sunday

Monday
Tuesday

Wednesday

el-chamees

Thursday

el-joom'a

es-sabt

The word
e.g.

at

Arithmetical signs are expressed by:

tlate

60.

walide

a single time-

the assembly

Sabbath,

Friday
Saturday.

yom, day, is generally put before these names,

y6m,^e]-ahad

etc.

17

Prepositions.

hroof ij-jarr

The following are the regular

62.

with (instrument)

ma"

with (a person)

behind

feeorfi in

ko'bddam

before

la

to (also sign of dative)

'ala shortened to 'a upon

min

from

'an

from

bain

between

11

.(a

Pronominal

u before

with a

suffix

ma'

the suffixes

becomes

la

is

1^*

pers.

the

becomes

sing:

of

65.

(in oaths)

by the side

fiyi.

min and

'an

and plural.

singular

before suffixes.

'alai

in the

house

the ruler.

have the pen.

The prepositions
is

{cf.

hi, fee, la,

wara,

'ala,

and

u,

or

I Pers.

alwa3'S short,

II Pers. (m.)

wa

4).
fi:

e.g.

fi^l-koods

in Jerusalem.

Paradigms.

'indi

of

double

66.
Sing:

has courage, he has the heart to do a thing.

assimilate the article,

with the article

to these prepositions.

'indi er-reeshe

He

permanent possession.

You have

kalb

(of place)

having something on the person,

ma'koom^el-mastara
ilo

fee

of
'ala

il.

by

beside,

may be added

pers.

conveys the idea

'ind

g.

suffixes
I**

wa

or

janb

place downward)

with the suffix of the

64.

e.

with

Wara

their
lii

prepositions:

'and or '^ind

bi

63.
fee

particles of the genitive.

lit:

II Pers.

(f.)

Pers. (m.)

IH

Pers.

(f.)


Plur:

II Pers. (m.)

18

Pers.

and

Ill Pers. (m.

(f.)

'indua or 'iuna

'indktfbm

'illdlltft)!!]

ma'ua

ma'ktfbm

ma'hoom

ilna

ilkobm

ilhobm

'alaina

'alaiktfbm

'alaihobm

feena

feekoom

feehobm

warana

warakot)!!!

warahtfiDm

67.

"between"

bain

is

used in the following manner,

hadi mas' ale bainak U baini

68.

ma

'iud or la

f.)

This

a matter between you and me.

is

Connection with a pers. pronoun express

in

the present tense of the verb "to have".

69.

The past tense

the prepositions ma',

e.g.

of "to

and

have"

You bad

el-masari kanat ma'na.

We

The expressions

or "ought"

(i.

e.

"to be right"

el hakk ma koom.
kan el-hakk ma'koom.

You

el-hakk 'alaiua.

We are wrong?
We were wrong.

kan el-hakk

'alaina.

'alameeu el-hakk?

Who
Who

ma' meen el-hakk?

Una 'alaih arba' frankat.

meen 'alaihoom masari?
'ala meen ilak masari?
meen 'alaiha tkannis hou?
la

7l.
fish

fee

fee

g,

"to

{Jit

Who
Who

ma', la or 'ala

the right

with you).

is

{lit:

wrong?

is

right?
us 4 francs

the right

{lit:

is

fee

nbeed?

ma

fee or

ma

against us)

to us against

him are 4

ought

to

sweep here?

not". These phrases

is

{cf.

tish or lish

[francs.)

owes you money?

expresses also the idea "there is"; ma

express that of "there

"to

right.

is

He owes

be wrong"

To whom do they owe money?

valent to our "yes" and "no",

e.

are right

You were

the chair.

bad the money.

duty) are rendered by

e. g.

or

formed by adding to

is

the verb kan:

la

el-koorsi kanat 'iudkoom.

70.

owe"

'ind

fee or

may

82).

Is there

any wine?

There

none= no.

preceded by the unchangeable kan

is

means "there was."

ma

fish

be equi-


kan

e.g.

fee batteech

Remark,

19

hiloo?

Were

there any sweet melons?

with the suffix of the pers. pron., referring to

also express the idea of "to be able, may,

fee

may

the verb following',

can or will".
e.

g.

feek tiktib ?

Are you able (may, can,

feeha tirashi

Can she walk?

ma

ma

May he

feekoom trannoo You

feeh yiji?

not come?

Compound
72.
ilia,

'aia

bidoou or

'alayadd

miu ^ada except, without

because

Mda

besides

'an

foi',

(/rt:

not in her)

can

sino-.

'anyadd

The following words serve

for the sake of

on acCOUnt of

bisabab

through, by means of

bichKoos

73.

No.

Prepositions.

because of minshan

shan

write ?

will,) to

feeha

concerning

as both Prepositions and

Adverbs.
(over;

Pi

^^^

taht
'

la

fbefore.

in reference

^^^""^^^'^

to place.

""'

"}''

(outwards.

shwiye or

74.

e.

kadd

g.

+
'

Adjectives

may

^^^^^^^'

ri-Hd I

by

little.

'

be formed from most of these preposiani or aue (m.)

and

auiyi or anlye

The upper house.

el-hait^el-warrani

The

el-oda^t-tahtaniye

The lower room.

el-bab^el-barrani

The outer door.

Remark:

The

The maSC.

^^'^^'^'ily-

el-bait ^el-fokani

in the case of all of

reference

to time.

""='' ^'^
pers. pron. ("'
equally.
(

little.

slowly, little

by adding the endings

tions

^^^

(afterward.

nitfe slowly,

Shwi Shwi

baM P^''

\underncath, below.

barra(

kabPl^ooner.
'

(overhead.

(f.)

farther wall,

fem. ending serves also as

common

plur. ending

these adjectives which end in a vowel.

plur. of fokani is

fawakui, that of tahtaui is tahatui.

20

Adverbs and Adverbial Expressions.

75.

a)

bass

only,

kaman

yet, also

enongh

li,_^l-balash

vaiuly

'al-kteer

at the

bala hiss

noiselessly

kawani

quickly

bi^^l-arade

intentionally

keef?

how?

bi,_^l-clialis

most

entirely

kfai

enough

bi^l-kotilliye

entirely

kteer

much

bi,^t-tamam

exactly

bi^l-liakk

justly

chalis

completely

mitl

like, as

cho'osoosaii

especially

sawa sawa

together

kadd

so

yamm

entirely

kaddaish
or

fi

_,zyade

1-kteer

bi

much

as

how much?

bi^zyade

too

amma

(with the comparative)

willa

in

so

ishi

ramshet

...

partly

min kooll bid

u ma' had a
fi

....

either

bhait or niin halt

ishi

miu

much

,.

as, so
.

in

fa'idan

moment

fidil

still

iushallah

that,

it

is

ma" had a

to

because

be hoped

nevertheless

wa low

in

maslaha or yimkin

81.

hypothetical sentences

but, yet (conditional)

hatta, ta (rarely la)

in the

(in

then, therefore

"Alone"

wahdi

that, because

in spite of, in this respect

if

ma' in or

partly

low

80.

and conjunctions,

assuredly, unavoidably

'aiu

walakin

unjustly

than.

or

like lightning

g.

hakk

much more

mitl^el-bark

lakin,

rair

4) additional adverbial expressions

79.

e.

21

is

alone,

The verb

kan

liait

cf.

at

% 208.)

any rate

ida

if

imbala

yet, no

in

that,

ma

kool

possibly

ma

tool

perhaps

u or wa,

so long as

and

rendered by wahd with a pronominal

hoo walldo fi^l-oda He

baka "to remain",

is

if

as often as

moomkin

though

doubt

whether

is

suftix.

alone in the room.

also used adverbially

sense of a threatening "do" or a temporal "yet,

still."

It is

not conjugated.

With

a negation (baka being conjugated;

it

means "no more,

not".


The verb
e.

(J.

'ad

baka

koblli

22

may

"to return",

be used iu the same sense as baka:

or 'ad

Do

ma
ma

me.

tell

Why

malak baki hon

you

are

bakash or 'ad iseer ahsan

it will (no

bakait or

You

'idt tiliki

still

here?

more) not become better.

will speak no more.

Negations.

en- nafi.
All verbal forms, except the imperative cf. 208, are
82.
put into the negative by ma or ma "not." Sometimes sh, which is

an original

"thing",

or shee,

ishi

vowel immediately preceding

feesh
e.

g.

it,

suffixed

to the verb;

generally

lengthened:

is
is

and the
(cf.

also

71).

ma

biddnash

ma

lissa

zirnahoosh

ma "azamnash

We
We
He

ma

will not.

Do

tchafsh

not fear.

have not yet visited him.

has not invited us,

83. All other parts of speech are put into the negative
form by the negation mo^osh, except when a preposition follows, iu

which case ma is used:

e. g. hoo moosh mabsoot
nahna mottsh jdo'aneen

ma
ma

He

We

maloosh chanjar

loo or

ilha or

is

He

malash chatim

not well.

are not hungry.

has no dagger.

She has no ring.

Other negatives and negative expressions are:

never willa if not
lissa ma not yet
hatta ma
that not illi hatta ma or illi ma
not even
ma., .shi or wala ishi nothing ma
wala
nor
neither
mii'alaish
rair
it does not matter wala shee
nothing else

84.

ma

abadan

ishi kaleel

85.

it is

a small matter

'"No", in

answer

(in

answer

to

do

not

ina'am or,

less politely, iwa.

sitteen sane,

or sitteen sane u arb'een yom are USed.

86.
of that
to

rair

which

our prefixes

is

"difference, another thing",

the privative

"yes"

la;

care,"

denotes

expressed by the noun following.

un, dis, in, non,

an apology or thanks.)

to a question, is

For "I

; etc.

It

the

is

na'am

phrases

the reverse

corresponds

e.

g.

rairormtfbsh masboot Not

m'addab

rair

23

rairormobshma'dood

exact,

u rair

Impolite,

Uncountable,

And another thing sefc.

ishi

Interjections and Exclamations.

A person is called by placing before the name or

87.
noun the particle ya "o!" used also as a nominative of address,
ya seedi
88.

my

o"ommi

89.

ma
ma

"How"

1)

expressing

How
How

achyar

"Oh

beautiful!

by

liberal!

that!",

ring to the one spoken

admiration or surprise

following in the comparative

adjective

ajmal

2)

ya

expressing

yarait {for ya

lait)

ma

afdal

ma

aksa

a wish

How
How

4)

90.

gracious!
cruel!

to be
with the pers. prou. refer-

that

be were

that

we

diligent!

could go

which

ya wail!

pers. pronounAlas, the girls!

general exclamation of surprise such as "what!"

etc.

may

be rendered by ya

art seeing"; no reference to

e.g.

ren-

impossible

3) "Alas!" or "woe!" is rendered by

must always be connected with either a noun or a
e.g.
yawaili! Woe is me!
ya wail^el-banat!

"really!"

is

cf.

of:

raitO yijthid

ya raitna nikdar nrooh

""well!"

ya

father!

will often call her boy, or girl, carressingly, ya abooi,

realized, is rendered

e.g.

my

yamma!

is yaba!

yamma

dered by ma the
e.g.

Muhammedl

frequent abbreviation of ya abooi

mother!

A mother
yaba, or

mhammed

ya

master!

God

is

tara

{lit:

"o thou

ya tara byikdar yiinshi?

ya tara meen hon?

What! can he walk?

Wain^_^en- nas ya tara?

Where

For Exclamations and Phrases

Well! who

of

who

implied).

is

here?

are the people, eh?

Courtesy see the Conversational Part.

Comparative and Superlative Degrees.

90.

The comparative

is

formed by the prefixing

the adjective, and the making of certain inner changes.

of a to


a)

In

24

e.

g.

25

hadi^l-wardi hami'a aktarmin hadeek This

ha sail akta" aktar min saleem

aua

ta'ban (m.) aktar

Our "the

94.

may

with the article

e.

miunak

by

ma

ko^.U

more

We

rose

is

redder than thatone.

more maimed

more

are

more"

the

is

in the

arm than
[Selim.

am more tired than you.

ta'baueen aktar mialioom

nal.iua

1)

Hasan

tired than

they.

the comparative

or

be expressed
.

kdoll

mii

followed by aktar

xa

aktar.

g. kooll ma hakaito kooll ma kisi aktar u aktar

The more you speak with him, the severer he will become.

ma

kotdl

ma

rattaltoo kooll

The more you sing the worse

ma

kot)ll

The
2)

btitkasal kooll

by

ma

chsirt aktar u aktar

you are the more you will

lazier

ma

ko'oll

kdoll

aktar u aktar

Itil

becomes.

it

mii

lose.

aud the comparative form

of the

adjective:
e.

g.

ma

kooll

The

ma kan

kooll

The sooner

ma

kot)ll

by

abkar

g.

ko~bll

The more

aliabb 'alaina

will be for us.

ma kan

ahsan

the tree becomes the thicker

ma

ma (the

ko^oll

ma wabbachto

kooll

ko'bll

it

sarat ish-sh^ara akbar ko"oll

perf. tense) the adjective

e.

ma kan

the better.

The greater
3)

ahda kooll

ko'ont

quieter you are, the pleasanter

it

ma

sarat atchau.

becomes.

first

verb preferably in the

being repeated and connected by

kooll

ma

ii.

sar kalbo aksa u aksa

admonish him the harder becomes his heart,

ma niktib kooll ma sar chattnii a'tal u a'tal

The more we write the worse becomes our writing.
ko'bll

4)
e.

g.

by

ma

than" by
g.

kooll

and the positive

ma

kooll

'itik^il-mbeed kooll

older the wine the better

95.

e.

older the medicine becomes the

ko^bll

The

ma

ma towwal ed-dawa

ko^oll

The

kd7;)ll

The "than"

of

it

ma

sar achaff

weaker

ma

of the adjective.

it

becomes,

sar tiyib

becomes.

comparison

is

expressed by min; "more

bikteer.

hoo akbar minni

He

hee ashtar minnak

She

is
is

bigger than

I.

more diligent than you.

hot)!!!

nihna

as^ad minkd'om

26
They

man minkobm

are happier than you.

We

bikteer

much

are

truer than you.

"Very", "exceedingly", must also be rendered by

e. g.

kteer

Very good.

iij'ih.

kteer shatir

Very

kteer

Exceedingly

kteer mwaff'ir. Very ecouomical.

96.
1)

by

without the
e. g.

akall

article,

tawadoV

Less damp.

akall

Less old.

akall joo'

by akta' min

He

meen

Who

akta'

Less

humble,

Less hungry.

"worse than".

hoo akta' min^el-kooll.

minnak?

The superlative

is

is

worse than
is

all.

worse than you?

formed by prefixing the article to

hadol_,il-aslha_^l-allsan

g.

clear.

with the noun corresponding to the adjective, but

akall irtoobe

97.

clever.

formed

of inferiority is

the comparative. Like the comparative

e.

safi

akall 'oomr
2)

e,g,

The comparative

kteer:

unchangeable.

is

it

These are the best weapons,

hash-shreet hoo^l-akwa niin_il-kot)ll This wire

is

the strongest of

all.

98. Note the following expressions

aktar min^el-lazim
Too much, too many.
in kattarat or bi^l-kteer

At the most

(^/^;

when

(^2#.-

when

in kallalat or bi^l-kaleele At the least

it
it

has become much).

has become

little).

The Verb.
al-fin.

Everyverb has eitherthree or four consonants, in its Simple

or Ground-form, which is the S'"^ p. m. sing.perf. called "root", radix.
The ground-form is always given in lists of verbs with the
99.

translation in the infinitive,

e.

g.

barak

"to

perfect

and

congratulate", instead

of "he has congratulated."

100.

The

Every verb has a

perfect corresponds to our perf., and the

an

imperfect

inipf. to

tense.

our present,

tense.

101.
fixes to

The persons

the root.

These

of the perf. are

suffixes are:

formed by adding

suf-

1.

Sing:

Pers.

2.

Pers. (m.)

2.

27

Pers.

(f.)

8.

Pers. (m.)

3.

Pers.

(f.)


The present

104.

e.

g.

katil killing;

fatih

The past

105.

verb and inserting

e.

g.

maktool

participle

and an

after the 1^* radical,

openiug;

2''^

formed

is

2<^

prefixing-

b}-

to the

radicals.

written;

of the participles is

makbool

accepted:

formed by adding

masc. form. The second syllable of

to the

S'*^.

hafir digging;

3*'''

and

maftooh opened; maktoob

and

sami' heariug;

participle

The feminine

106.

formed by inserting an

is

between the

between the

oo

killed;

the syllable a or

28

the

pres. part, is shortened also.

e.

g.

farsha

spreading

mabsoota

g.

satisfied

The

107.
e.

sakneen;

maftoolia (opened

(f.)

plur.

(f.)

sakne dwelling

ending

mabsobteeu;

is

boring

majrooha

(f.)

same

the

mahrooteeu

kadha

(f.)

for

cf.

cut

(f.)

(f.)

both genders,

een:

165. 2.

The Verb.
al-fln.

The Arabic Language has two kinds

108.
I)

the Strong Verb

II) the

The "Strong Verb"

109.

is

The "Weak Verb"

110.

A) Verbs

I''*

Verbs

S'"'*

C)

weak

{-

rad.

or y

"'s)

is

Weak

Verb.

divided into three classes:

A) the regular Strong Verb

C) Verbs which have a

of verbs:

B) the Doubled Verb

as

P*

oi-

2"^^

radical.

divided into four classes:

B) Verbs

2^"^

rad.

or y

or y (a)
D) Verbs which have two or three
radicals and are therefore called "doubly" or "trebly" weak.
rad.

I.

is-salim

al-fi'l

A.

111.

vowels

(a,

This
or y)

mentioned under

The Strong Verb.

lit

the sound verb.

The Regular Strong Verb.

is

so called because its radicals are not

and because
and

C.

it

shows none

semi-

of the characteristics


The

112.

29

Strong Verbs"

"Eeg.

divided

are

into

two

classes having iu the perfect

1)

113.

the vowels a

The verbs

2)
1'*

of the

class

the vowels

may

/.

take iu the impf. the

following vowels:
1)
e.

g.

kasam*)

break

'ajan

knead

farak

separate

rise (sun)

jalas

sit

kalab

turn (page)

halab

milk

chasam

subtract

'akad

make

rasal

wash

sarak

steal

kashaf

uncover

nakar

deny,

dafan

bury

falat

kabas

preserve

When

V^

(fruit)

let loose

jabal mix

a guttural, h, h, ch or

is

syllable will be a aud that of the

2''

a knot, arch

(liquid with solid)

''

byalimil

dig Impf.
Impf

chat am

seal

hasab

calculate

hazam
hamad

chabaz

bake

halaf

swear

liabas

arrest

'azam

invite

hafas

protect

'azal

depose.

When

byahflr
byahtir

the 2^ or
i

liamal

'adar

excuse

praise

'alak

chew

rad.

S"""^

masah

wipe Im2}f.
lmp>f.
open

kadah

bore

ba'at

send

bala

swallow

taba'

print

dabah

slaughter

najah

succeed

bachash

pierce

jahal

be ignorant

nadah

call

knock

nachaz

prik,

4)

byimsah

The following
e.

g.

sabak

nahab

goad

verbs, which have no gutturals are con3.

overtake Impf.

There are only a few verbs

byisbak
basar

fatar breakfiist

Note:

basar

the vowel of

a.

sahar appear impf. byishar

jugated like those given under No.

of this kind.

a guttural,

is

of the 2""^

fatah

kara'

carry Impf.

pack

and that

the vowel

i.

hafar

3)

g.

lie

search (house)

the P* rad.

the P^ syllable will be

e.

impf. byikzib

lie

sharak

of the
g.

byiksim, kadab or kazab

kasar

2)

e.

divide Impf.

el-bacht

see

reveal the future.


....

00

ka'ad

e,g.

foil

labat

e.

kick out,

chatab

betroth

bake
finish

darab

nafach blow

barad

hate

sabar

dye

farash

sa'al

cough

fasad

bleed

spread

beat

barab

flee

rakad

leap

rakad

intend

tabach

cook

tarak

forsake

talab

ask, request

ratas

dive

farat

unstich, pick (fruit)

katab

write

laham

solder

chabat

The verbs

fl

2'^'^

of the

class

may

precipitate, settle

beat

take

the

ia

impf.

owing vowels:
a

hnpf. byisbar

kifil

luMb

play

till'

sfib

be

fillim

understand

flrill

rejoice

fitin

remember

lihik

fcdiow

ridib

laugh

wither

kirif

loathe

be angry

ribih

win

rikib

ride

tibf

perish

dibil

lick

zHl

firir

be empty

shirib drink

Shihid

testify

fidil

'irif

know

Hlim

Only a

115.
in the

2"^^

catch

bya'raf

hilim

dream

know

hizin

be sad

'idim suffer

be present

few

verbs

of

the

2"^'^

Impf.

a:

byahlam

'irik

sweat

loss

class

retain

the

syllable of the imperfect:

Impf. byinziP:

nizil descend

misik

remain

radical is a guttural both vowels are

1'*

Impf.

guess

become dry

dil.lik

be angry

the

go out

yiblS

difficult

lil.lis

When

*
nidim repent

acquire, gain

accept

2)

Impf. byikfal

give security
"'^""'"^

kisib

kibil

hidir

e.g.

kick (horse)

kasad

hizir

vowel

Impf. byoodchd'ol

enter

Cbalas

g. sihir watch

g.

dachal

kick cliabaz

rafas

1)
e.

00

Impf. byobk'd'od

sit

114.

the

30

libis

dress

filit*

become

loose

kidir* be able

The Doubled Verb.

B.

il-fi'l^il-nida'af
116.
alike.

Verbs

This

is

so called because the

of this class

2'^

and

S"^

rad. are

have, throughout theperf., the vowel a

or its modification.
*)

have also a as 2nd vowel in the imperfect

31

Before endings which begin with a consonant,

inserted;

is

ai

this syllable is always long.

m.

3. p.

dall

sing,

to

show

m.

2.

dalloo

plur.

dallat

dallait

dallaitoo

dallaiti

dallaina

dallait

The vowel
3. p.

2.

m.

m.&f.

1.

or

bidill

bidookk

bitdill

bitdobkk

bitdUl

bitdookk

bitdilli

bitdookki

baddill

badoljkk

bidookkoo

m. sing.
f.

of the impf. is either

o"o

3.

pliir.

bidilloo

2. V

bitdilloo

bitdot)kkoo

mindill

mindookk

11

n n

The imp.

is

m. sing.

doT^kk

dilli

dookki

dilloo

dookkoo.

Pres. Part.:

dalil

dakik

Past. Part.

madlool

madkook

f.

plur.

Verbs which are conjugated

sahh
saun

to

to

pound,

knock.

formed in the regular manner:

dill

2. p.

from dakk

in the impf. tense like

bidill:

wrap up, wind

sann

sharpen

karr

confess

kann

be quiet

recover

laff

think

shakk doubt

dass

touch, insinuate

shamm

smell

sadd

close(aholej

jann

become mad

fazz

leap

liass

touch, cun-y (horse)

Shadd

tie

ball

moisten

"add

count

lamm

gather

madd

sti'etch

add

harvest

be

olives,

Verbs which are conjugated

kabb

pour out

sabb

rashsh

deceive

'add

hite

shakk
dakk

in

industrious,

happen

the impf. tense like bidook

pour out, dip

jachch

decorate oneself

split

liabb

love

load a gun

mass

suck

kass

33

I
In verbs which liave

119.

vowel takes place

3.

m.

byis'al

btis'al

m. andf.

bas'al

f.

1.

120.
achad

p.

The

'a

as

2"*^

radical no change of

in the impf. tense.

sing,

p.

impf.

"to take" and akal

^^^^^

byis'aloo

is

mnis'al

regular, except in the case of the verbs

"to eat"

when

it

is

as follows:


The

122.

same time

at the
3.

m.

p.

2.

m.

f.

1.

3.

m.&f.

,,

I)

iu the impf. to

of the

verb, the

serving

oo,

2'^

being

byoosal or basal

btoozan

btoosal

btoozan

btoosal

btoozani

btoosali

,,

boozan or bozau

boosal or bosai

byoozanoo

byol)saloo

btoozanoo

btoosaloo

muoozan

mnobsal

11

vowel

byoozau or boozau

2.
1.

changed

iv is

P'

pliir.

It

radical

as the

sing.

f-

1*^

34

a.

Imperative:

m. sing

p.

oozan

oosal

oozaui

oosali

oozanoo

oosaloo

Pres. Part:

wazin

wasil

Past. Part:

mowzoon

mowsool

plur:

Verbs whose

1^*^

radical is w:

wirit

inherit

wafad come

wa'ad promise

Waja'

liiirt

wajad

wakaf
waka'

stand

wilid

bear (young)

fall

wa'as admonish, preach

wisi''

be wide, contain

wihil

may

wasal

arrive

man)

wakad heat, stoke

wada put down

willil sink into mire, be entrapped, "'be had"

also be used in the following sense:

oohilt ma' jama'a akta'

The

in sight (only of a

find

min ish-shayateen

got into the hands of a crew worse than devils.

impf. of all verbs of this class

123.

2)

Verbs whose

may

1*

be used without the yorf\.

radical

is y.

al-mital^il-ya'i
There are
Dialect: yibis

to

only

two verbs

become dry;

of

yi'is to

2.

p.

2. p.

type

in

Imperfect:

Perfect:
3.

this

despair.

m. sing.

yibis

beebas

f.

,,

yibsat or yibsit

bteebas

ibist

bteebas

ibisti

bteebasi

m.
f.

sing.

the Palestineau

1.

p.

8.

m.&f. sing,

ri

pliir.

35

ibist

beebas

yibsoo

beebasoo

2.

ibistoo

bteebasoo

1.

,,

ibisna

mneebas

Imperative
eebas (m.)

eebasi

Pres. Part:

yabis

B.

(f.)

eebasoo (plur.)

The Hollow Verbs or Verbs whose

2'*'^

Radical

is

a:

al-fl'l^il-ajwaf.

124.

P'
or

p.
',

sing,

I'he rad. a of the

and

plur. perf. to obo/-i.

as is seen in the impf.

lengthened

into

"Hollow Verbs" changes

oo, ee or a,

3.

p.

m.

sing.

The

rad. a

is

and

really w, y

where the original consonants reappear,

these

syllable of the impf. throughout..

Perfect:

in the 2^^^

being

the

vowels

of

the

2'^'^


The
to

midtlle

a consonantal

rati,

of these

is

minimal

j^yih

and

126

verbs

is

changed

in the pres.

part,

y.

kayil

125.

36

The

[last.

chayif.

part, of verbs conjugated like

minjab, that uf

verbs conjugated like

kal

and

jab

chaf is moocheef.

37
3. p. ni.&f. plur.


Verb whose

1^*

and

3'^ rad. is

Perf. 3. p. m. s'mg.
f.

2.

I.

m.

m.&f.

3.

"

ri

rt

2.

"

"

))

ee is

Pres. Part.:

beeji or biyi

ajat

bteeji

jeet

bteeji

jeeti

bteeji

baji

ajoo

beejoo

jeetoo

bteejoo

jeeua

mneeji

more commonly pronounced short:

jai (used also as adv.

(ra.) ta'i (f.)

129.

a.

aja

cf.

ta'oo (plur.)

Verbs whose

or by taal

biji,

to

come

btiji etc.

75).

This verb has no other forms.

ta'a

jeet
plur.

1.

The

38

The
(m.)

impf.
ta'ali (f.)

is

expressed

ta'aloo

(plur.)

by


Perf.

39


The simple

133.

number

40

form, or root,

is

usually indicated by the

aud the derived forms, of which there are ten

the Dialect, by the numbers which follow.

Although
they are not

in use,

of all the

verbs.

II.

The 2"^ rad. of a verb is doubled

Form. The meaning of this form is:
134.

causative:

it

into the

katal

to kill;

kattal

to cause to kill.

2) putative:

kadab

to lie;

kaddab

to declare some

3) intensive:

kasar

to break;

kassar

to

Verbs which are intransitive

II

to put

e. g-.

1)

use in

these derived forms are grammatically possible

all

all

Form

II

in

I,

one a liar.

break into pieces.

Form, become transitive

in the I

in the

Form.

e. g.

Form chaf to fear II Form chawwaf

The vowels of the perf. are a ... a and

some

to frighten

of the impf. a

one.
.

.i

for all verbs.

Perfect

3.

m. sing, jarrab

p.

f.

bitjanib

jarrabt

bitjarrib

jarrabti

bitjarbi

jarrabt

baj arrib

,,

m.

1.

,,

m.&f.

3.
2.
1.

,,

11

11

135.

j>

11

11

11

plur. jarraboo
11

11

11

jarrabtoo

11

jarrabna

The imperative

is

g.

jarrib (m.)

136.
forms

are

jarrbi

bitjarrboo

minj arrib

formed

and the past part, a as

Pres. Part;

the
2'^'^

"Derived Forms"

in all the

prefix.

jarrboo (plur.)

(f.)

participles,

prefix m,

the

of all the derived

pres.

part,

having

vowel.

mjarrib

Verbs which are conjugated

1)

its

The present and past

formed by

attempt

to

hijarrboo

from the impf. by the omission of

e.

bijarrib

jarrabat

2,

f.

Imperfect

,,

Regular Strong Verbs:

Past Part:
like jarrab.

mjarrab


barrad

41


e, g,

dowwar Impf. bidowwir

diya' Impf.

bidiyi'

respects, regular.

Verbs of

this

42
turu,

lose; froindk'.

make round; with 'ala

Their conjugation

seek;

is,

from dar.

in all

other

43

The vowels

139.

of all verbs in the perf. Ill F. are d

Those verbs however which have,

retain
fect.

it;

All veibs have

127.

cf.

The verbs

1^^

iu the I

or

2'^'^

rad.

Form, as

a.

3"^ radical a or

as 2^ vowel in the imper-

1st

or y or

j-ad.

retain

these

semi-vowels as strong consonants throughout.

Perf. 3. p. m.

2.

^'

samaht

bitsamih

samahti

bitsamhi

,,

samaht

basamih

samahoo
samahtoo

minsamih

m.&f.

>>

)>

ii

>)

5>

i>

))

;}

plur

i)

bitsamhoo

samalma

5>

Imperative:

samih (m.)

samhi

Pres. Part:

msamih

Past Part:

Verbs

to forgive

bit samih

m.

,,

Impf. l)isamili

samahat

f.

1.

samali

sing.

f.

samhoo (plur.)
msamah.

(f.)

form conjugated like samah

of the III

Eegular strong Verbs:

1.

barak

bless

'alaj

cure

lataf

treat

rafak

accompany

shamat

quarrel

rahan

bet,

'anak

embrace

dafa'

defend

harab

wage war

batali

kasas

sa'ad

help,

katal

light with

samah

forgive

farak

separate from

sharat

bet,

hasar

besiege

Sabak

run a race

Verbs whose

2.

wrestle

l^t rad.

is

achad

take offence at

akal

eat with

'a.

(=

somebody

receive kindly

dadad

offer resistance

l)

believe

ajar

let

radical is w
Verbs wliose
Wafak
be suitable

4.
Verbs whose
shawar take counsel
kawal
give work by the piece
nawal
hand something to

sawam

Warab

140.

Verbs whose

127.

w
jawab
tawab

radical is

trade, barter

dayan

cf.

punish

kabal

aman

continue

2^*^

bana

wager

wager

1^^

3.

wasal

support

kindly

last,

S'*^

ar

slant

y.

answer
yawTi

dawam
lay am

*ala

persevere

in

soften

be durable.

rad. is a or

are

conjugated

like

'

sawa Impf.

e.g.

bisawi

make, do

Imperative:

sawi (m.)

Pres. Part.

msawi

Verbs

retaliate,

kafa

recompense

punish

laka

meet
speak

The IV Form
is

of

sawoo

ff.)

is

rati,

(plur.)

nisawa.

a semi-vowel:

liawa

drive

away

afa be kept well (by

God.i

some one

witli

IV.

formed by the prefixing of a before

is

the "Simple Verb" which loses

meaning. It

S'*^

call

Form
141.

straighten matters

Past Part.

nada

haka

f(r.

sawi

Form whose

of the III

jaza

44

vowel, and

l^t

its

very rare occurrence and,

causative

is

in its stead, the

I.

in
II.

Forms are used.

The verbs are conjugated in accordance with the "Simple
Form" from which they are derived. The accent falls upon the 1^*

or III.

syllable in the 3. p. m. sing, perfect.

The regular "Strong Verb."

1)

as^ad

make bappy

amhal

adliak

make laugh

a'ajab

afab

cause trouble

atlajat*

Verbs whose

2)

OWJa""

please

snows

it

radical

3'*^

is

radical

is

ashtat

Note
has

seen"

tlie

verb

ib.sar

it

contraction

The V Form

142.

Form. In meaning
are,

*
it

or

is

it

askar

make drunk

an' am

be gracious

rains

give into custody

a.

rains

of

hoo ab?ar

lit:

"He

(/.

e.

God)

used in the sense of perhaps or 1 do not know.

Form

Form

amtarat

w:

OWda'

cause pain, hurt

Verb whose

3)

l^t

give respite.

3. p.

in

f.

implied,

it

is

V.

formed by

is reflexive

both the perf, and impf. a

sing, because tlie
cf.

212

noun

prefixing

to

and passive. The vowels

ed-d'viija

...

the II
of this

a.

"the w.orld"

is

either used with

d.


1)

tsamma'

Regular

Sti-oiig

45

Verbs coujugated

like tharrak:

46

Foim
143.

Form

The VIFoi'in may make

reflexive, or

It also

VI.

may give

makes the action

Form:

it

a transitive verb of the II

the meaning of "to pretend a thing."

reciprocal.*

It

is

formed by prefixing

to the III
e.

g.

Ill F. salah "to make peace"

The vowels
e.

(J.

of the impf.

VII F. tsalah "make

are a

Perf.

tkatal

Impf.

Impf.

itkatal (m.)

itkatali

Pres.Part: mootkatilt
1)

fanak

...

byitkatal
(f.)

Past Part:

Strong verbs conjugated like

peace together'

a throughout.

itkataloo

mo~otkatal
tkatal:

to fight, quarrel
(plur.)

47

thaka

talk together

tlaka

meet each other

tfaua

devote oue self to

tliama fee

take refuge with

Au

Remark:

ofteu pretixed

is

to tlie

of

the

VI Form

as in the case of the V.

Form
The VII Form

14:4.

can be formed from ahnost

or person is adapted to

formed by prefixing'

The accent

verbs. It also expresses that a thing

all

the idea contained

are a ... a and of the impf.

vowel.

the regular passim of the verb and

is

to the

iu

VII.

mostly

i;

Form.

It is

of the perf.

a few verbs have a as

never on the prefix

is

in the I

The vowels

P^orm.

but

in,

is

2*^

placed as in the

case of the verb of the Simple form:

The P* vowel

Perf. 3

The regular "Strong Verb'

p.

m. sing,

Imp.

suffix

omit the 2^^ vowel.

Impf. byinjrih

injarah

injarahat

be wounded

btiujj'ih

f.

m.

injaralit

btinjrih

f.

injarahti

btinjirhi

injaralit

banjrih

1.

m.&f.

3.

,,

injarahoo

binjirhoo

2.

,,

injarahtoo

btinjirhoo

1.

,,

,,

,,

injarahna

muinjrih

injirhi

injirhoo (plur.)

,,

plur.

iujrih (m.)

Past Part:

(f.)

minjrih

Strong Verbs conjugated like

in the case of those

in the impf.

Those with a

suffix.

1)

2.

dropped

is

persons which have no

injarah:

inbahash*

be dug

inhazam

have escaped intaba'*

intarad

be driven

insaraf**

be changed, spent (money)

These verbs take

insaraf with a

inba'at"

inbasat

be satisfied

be printed

infasad

spoiled

inmasak'*

away

in the impf.

in the impf.

impf. "to go away, leave".

be sent

a or

as

means "to

be held, caught

2^ vowel.
be

exchanged"; with

in the


2.

124.

48

Verbs with middle rad.

are conjugated

like chaf cf.


2) to d,

da'a

if

the

1^*

49

rad, is d, d orz:

. g.

byimtadd

imtadd
Imp:

Impf.

Fart

mimtadd

imtadd (m.)

Verbs coujugated

50

like

to

spread oaeself

imtaddi

(f.)

imtaddoo

(plur.)

imtadd:

irtamm

grieve

ibtall

become wet

ihtadd

get into a rage

ihtall

conquer

ijtarr

ruminate

Ishtadd

become

istaff

147.

Verbs

the impf. and in the

Perf. 3. p. m.

be put in

line,

whose middle
3.

p. sing,

firm

put oneself in line

rad-

is

and plur.

retain

of the

it

throughout

perfect.

51

Imperative:

ishtki (m.)

ishtki

Pies. Part:

mobshtki

Past Part:

Verbs conjugated
iltaka

meet some one

islltara

purchase

imtala

(food),

istawa

byistwi
is

The IX Form
3'''^

to

do

ishtafa rejoice malignantly

oneself

"become

ripe,

become done"

also conjugated like ishtaka.

Form
149.

ichtasiia fear

begiu
fill

Impf.

a doubly weak verb,

and the doubling of the

mooshtaka

like ishtaka:

ibtada

Remark:

ishtkoo (plur.)

(f.)

is

IX.

constructed

radical.

by the prefixing

It intensifies the

of

meaning of the

Simple Verb and is used only of words which denote colours orphysical

defects.

Perfect:

These verbs are conjugated

in the following

manner:

The

to tlie verb,

The
radical in

Perfect

Form

is

constructed

which loses

Strong-

52

its

1^*

Verb has the vowel

the imperfect.

prefixing the

b}^

syllable

ista

and

S'^^

vowel.
i

between the

2'^'^


2. p.
1.

3.

o
"

>)

sing.

f.

m.&f.
,.

plur.

n n

5)

Imperative:

ist'eer

Pres. Part:

niisfeer

ista'arti

btisfeeri

ista'art

bast'eer

ista'aroo

byisfeeroo

ita'artoo

btisfeeroo

ista'arna

miiist'eer

rest

153.
(cf.
e.

g.

isfeeri

(m.)

like

Verbs whose

istarja

to

find

agreeable

3''^>

They

rad. is a

al-fi'l

15-I-.

Veibs

the impf. a

gain over

are conjugated like

have in the impf. the vowels a

ask

bana
.

.i.

byistarji

exempt

istauua

(from ana) wait.

for one's dismissal.

The Strong Verb

in

istamal

like istarja:.

istatna

ISta fa

and

istajab grant

Impf.

dare

Verbs conjugated
istahla

(plur).

mist'ar

ist'ar:

istashar ask counsel

127.) in the perfect.

Perf.

ist'oeroo

(f.)

Past Part:

Verbs conjugated
istarah

53

of four

Radicals.

ir-rdbba'i._,s-salim.

of this kind have, in tbe perf. the

vowels

54

Verbs conjugated like dakdak;

tabtab
hamliam
clap the hands
neigh
Shaklab upset
bahdar
squander

smoke (lamp)

sliamsham

sniff at

sift

masmar

nail

pepper

bartal

bribe

embitter

shanhak

laklak

lap(byadog) rarbal

tarjani

translate

niaiiinad

make smooth marmar

zahzaV

stir

kartas

squat, putting the

barta

kick up the heels (from overfeeding).

falfal

sha'lab

bltar

without removing

bray
practice farriery

hands around the legs

The Substantive.
il-ism

Most uouns

155.

e.

g.

{cf.

The regular feminine

i,

e,

good

adjectives are of masc. or fern,

singular,

el moljfrad,

is

armale

(m.) tiybe

widow;

'abdi

'abd slave

kbeerbig,old kbeeri

(f.)

Some nouns, although not feminine

commonly regarded as such:

157.
ing, are
e.g.

ard

earth

dar

house

shams
jahannam

in

female slave
(f.)

form or mean-

sun

reeh

wind

hell

nar

fire

SOOllam ladder

darb

path, road

nafs

soul

tai^oon

rooh

spirit

'ain

eye

158.

mill

The Arabic language has two kinds

The Regular
1).
The ending of this
is

formed by adding

or a to the masc. noun,

armal widower
tiyib

verb stems either of

201. 203.)

All substantives and

156.

the ending

the name.

are derived from

the simple or derived form

gender.

lit:

eeni,

for the fem.

2).

The
fact that

Plural.
plural, for the masc. uouns, adjectives, etc.

at.

The Broken Plural.

larger number of words form the

jam' et-takseer,
it

of plural:

plural according to the

"broken plural," SO called because, in addition

has prefixes and suffixes,

it

has inner changes.

to

the

00
Its varieties are

numerous

159. lu addition to the

168.

cf.

sing',

and plural, the Arabic language

The Dual

possesses another number, the dual,

el-mrnitannii.

when two

ending- of the mdbtanna

of a kind are meant.

both g-euders,
t,

{cf.

e.g.

also

sahir

ain.
2.,

The
192

fern,
a,

The

ending

b).

"e,

or

a is

is

changed before

used

is,

ain

for

to


el-frauj

the Europeans

el-fran}'ijl

the European

es-shwam

the Syrians

esh-shamiyi

the Syrian

el-

bacloo

the

el-badawiyi

Remark:

The

fraujl

162.

el-franji

nisbe (cf.

esh-shami

ol

the Syrian

woman
el-badawi the Bednin

woman
162) of collective nouns of peoples

a European (m.), also adjective masc.;

The name

the European

woman

Beduins

the Beduin

serves also as the adjective

e.g.

56

franjiyi fem.adjective

a professional, tradesman, etc.

by adding- the ending

fern, iyi ( or lyc) to the noun
which expresses that with which they are occupied
Such nouns are called
e. g.

nisbe

"relationship":

sa'at

watches

sa'ati

watchmaker

saddles

srooji

saddler

kootoob

books

kootOObi

book-dealer

lialawi

name

vessels

of

sweetmeat

foochchari or fachoori

halawatl

donkey saddles

163.

The

adjective to form a

y-

shams

tl

fem. ending of the nisbe

new word,

something appertaining

formed

in tlieir work.

srcToj

foochchar earthen

is

(sing, or plur.)

maker

of

maker

of

is

involving the

to the first;

potter

halawi

donkey saddles.

added
special

to a

noun or

meaning

of

kdbndra

e.g,

57

kdbndarji shoemaker

shoe

kobmrd'ok custom, duty

kobmrookji custom-house

SOOfra

table

SObfraji

kahwe

coffee

official

waiter

kahwaji or kahwati

coffee-house keeper

'arbaji

coachman

The Regular or "Sound Plural"

aj-jam' is-salim

The "Sound Plural"

165.

is

A. with masculine
1)

chah^l

e.g.

2)
e.

With

g.

sanfeen hearing

plur.

raddeeu answering madid

saniu

sanneen

thinking

hasid

hasdeen

harvesting uatik

2.

names

all

Eed

'eedeen

plur. tareen

marik

ascending

maddeen
markeen

natkeen vomiting

in place

stretching out

passing by

of the

feminine,

plur. bahriyeen sailor

of those

who

chabbaz

follow a profession

plur.

chabbazeen

baker.

'attal

carrier

haddad

smith

tabba'

printer

'attar

grocer

ma'moor

official

biya'

seller

Chiyat

tailor

mjallid

bookbinder

Siyad

hunter

charrat turner

najjar

carpenter

hiyak

weaver

dabbar

sarraf

money-changer

liammar

donkey-driver

tanner

The word

sanii

the sing, has sneen in the plural

B.

166.
1)
g.

tali'

This plural serves also

Remark:

e.

pUir.

Remark.

With almost

bahri

'eed

which have retained their participial meaning:

all part,

radid

166.

Khaleel

sami'

3)
e.

chaleeleen

i)iur.

Remark:
cf.

proper names of men:

all

With

used

substantives:

The names

"year",
{cf.

which has a

166.

in

with feminine substantives:

of

women, as well as

of

men, ending in

fatmat

talha

pi.

talhat

'azeezat

ni'me

ni'mat

salmii

salmat

'ode

'odat

pi.

form

6).

'azeeze

fatme

fern,

a.

(man's name)

form a regular

2) All the participles

e.

rajfe

rajif (m.)

g,

Remark
form

is

raj fat

(f.)

more frequently used,

3) All

names

fern,

plural:

plur.) trembling.

(f.

this is the regular fern, plur., the

Although

58

of those

masc.

107.

cf.

who

follow a profession

165. 3)

{cf.

form a regular fem. plural:

e. g.

'ashshi

Words which,

4)
e. g.

ashshiye

cook (m.)

'ashshiyat

(f.)

plur.)

(f.

have no feminine ending:

in the singular,

'amar

building

hiwan

animal

oljjak

stove

bhar

spice

hsab

bill

ral

lock

bat

shoulder

lizam

chan

khan

kar

(inn)

girth

trade

nasam

law

salam

salutation

and nouns which are of foreign origin. The letter w

often inserted between the last consonant and the plur. ending:
5) Titles

is
e.

g.

plur. baikawat

bashawat

Pasha

baik

ara

arawat

Agha

baba

baboor

baboorat

Steamer

fatoora

basha

6)

plur.

Bey

babawat

Pope

fatoorat

Invoice

,,

Arabic nouns which form the plur. in the same manner as

those of No. 5;
e. g.

sama

samawat

sala plur, salawat

heaven

o'bcht

oochwat

{or chiyat)

sister

Sana

sanawat

{or sneen)

year

7)
e. g.

plur.

The names

mooharram
167.

of the arable

plur.

of four

Words whose

plur.

karwat

165. 3,

Muharram

more

or

Remark

ending

{cf.

Part

consonants

is

een.

cf.

165.

chaddam

servant

liar

halawi

a kind of

m'allim

teacher

mliibb

lover

mh^ndis

architect

m'allif

writer

kaddab

II).

have the

3.

mason

'amraar

prayer
rent

have no fem. ending in the

plur. in either een or at although they

singular.

cf.

months:

mot)harramat

Some nouns

kiri

sweetmeat


mnadi*

caller out

mdoslim

moslem

mobstashfa

hospital

nassab

scoundrel

Saukari*

tinsmith

2)

Words whose

59

mnasir

plural ending- is

at:


lizam*

girth

sraj

clay

e. g.

fern,

haseere

mdeene

ending

and
g.

S""*^

is

Hiaf

bed-i-over

dropped in the plural

cave

'abaye

plur..

The following nouns with

l^^

syllable,

radicals, the fern,

cniro

women

road

hobsol)r or hottsr straw-mat

mrara

short vowel in the

e.

mautle for

lamp tareek***

piur.

town
2.

feminine nouns:

b)

The

izar**

60

take

'obbi abai (cloak

fern,

a as

of peasants;

ending, having only a

vowel between the

ending being dropped:

2*^


e.g. 'amoel patron, buyer

aseer*

prisoner

'aleeni

learned

ameer

prince

rafeek

plur.

61

"oomala

chateeb

orator

Stlfeer

ambassador

hakeem

doctor

shaheed

witness, martyr

kafeel

surety

shareek

associate

man

companion

Remark:

The

following two nouns form their plural in the

same manner:
sha'ii'

*Nouns

lt

e.

g.

change the a

a after the
rajotl

a)

'asm

rad. a

poet
in

chaleefi

the plur. to do

piur.

e.g.

plur.

2"'^

rjal

consonant:
man.

Masculine nouns:

ehoblafa

ameer

Nouns which have only a short vowel

4.

insert

shoVara

pinr.

plur.

in the

Caliph

OOmara.

sing,

and

Remark:
preceding words,
5.

The noun
^hab.

cf.

e. g.

'adad

doo'f

07'

only short
\,

between the

with the prefix

its

pliir.

like

the

220.

Many nouns which have

and the insertion of

"friend" forms

ahib

form their plur. by the prefix

a)

62

plur. ad'af weakness

vowels

in the sing,

the omission of the

2"^^

and

S'"'^

1=^^

consonants.

vowel,

63

dawa

--


karm

64

65

salim


Words ending

Note:
e.g.

in

66

157) change

(cf.

the plur. to

it in

sAbi plur. so'bbjan.

Note also the following words:

mara

plur.

uiswan woman

Some nouns having a long vowel

12.

the sing, form their plur.

and

3'"'*

wadi plur. widyan

consonants.

nouns which have a

The long vowel

fern,

plur. "ai'ayis

e.g. 'aroos

'ajeebe

wonder

'ajOOZ

old

woman

by the insertion

in the 2<^ syllable of

of

aji

of the sing,

ending drop

it

valley

between the 2'^'^

is dropped. Those

in the plural:

jnaze ^^wr. janayiz

bride,

funeral service

hamoole

clan

kneese

church

jazeere

island

nirara*

cave

mseebe

'azeeme

invitation

jdeele

bda a

merchandise

kabeele

tribe

mteele

lesson, task

dakeeka minute

kaddoom

axe

saheefe**

sheet

flooka

boat

kareeb

relative

sarafe

giraffe

fteele

wick

kaseede

waseefe

office

fteeri

mould

of

vegetables

plait of hair

shbeen

The following nouns

13.

1st syllable

and a short one

in

kind of poem

ill-fate

god-father, best-man

which
the

have a

2'^'^,

long

shorten

the

vowel

in the

long

vowel,

insert the syllable wa between this short vowel and the

and take, in the 3"^ syllable, the vowel i. The feni. ending

ped

g.

amr

'2^^
is

rad.

drop-

in the plural.

1)
e.

(paper)

kalib

Nouns derived from "Strong Verbs":

plur.

kawalib

form,

mould

hadti

plur.

ha wadi t

event

Nouns derived from

2)

'ade plur. 'awayid custom

faide

fawayid

,,

e.

g.

nahyi

"Hollow Verbs" insert y after wa:

dawayir circle

dairi plur.

rate of interest haji

Nouns whose

3)

in the plur. as

67

S""*^

S'^ rad.

is

clothes,

a semi- vowel,

luggage, things

take always

radical:

nawahi

plur.

hawayij

district

jani

criminal

S^kye

channel

shati

cost

kafye

rhyme

sari

mast

tanye

second (time).

Note also the following nouns:

choori

plur.

johar

chawarni

priest

dabbe

jawahir

jewellery

laili

moorani

e.

g.

between the 2^ and

taboon

plur.

'amood

column

doolab

babo")

slipper

dalool

night

Maronite.

like

No.

13 takegeinstead

Palestinean oven

for the

baking

of

bread

wheel

taboot

jamoos

buffalo

tahoon

mill

lexicon

taoos

peacock

guide

k^moos
kanoon

law

zaroob

passage, lane

coll.

natoor

watchman.

baroode gun

deewan

riding-animal

layali

consonants:

S'*^

tawabeen

dawab

mawarni

The following nouns otherwise

14.
of

plur.

plur.

of

Note also

poems
:

tareech plur. tawareech

coffin

date (time)

Remark:

e.

g.

Nouns with fern, endings lose them in the plural;

baroode phir. bwareed gun na'oora plur. nawa'eer water-wheel
15.

Some nouns, names

human body, take

the

These are:

ending ain.
'ain

of parts of the

plur. 'ainain

eed

eedain

Remark:

eye

dain

hand

rijl

To avoid

plur. dainain

rijlain

ear
foot.

confusion with the plural, the letter

is

inserted before the dual ending:

e.

g.

plur. "ain ain

dual 'aintain

two eyes.

Substantives of four or more Consonants.

169.

Besides those substantives

roots of three consonants, there are also

which are derived

from

some which have four or

68

more. Some of the nouns in No. 14 belong to this class of nouns

having however a

different

e.

g.

2'^'^

nouns is formed
and 3"* consonants, and of

ta'lab plur. ta'alib.

of these

are really participles

in

the

words are
201.

cf.

by the insertion

plur. of all these

the

Many

plural.

foreign origin, while others

of a

of

The

between

syllable:

S'*^

fox.

scorpion

koorsi

chair

manzil

guest-house

boorko^b' face-veil

laklak

stork

ship

chandak

ditch

mablar

sum

markab
markaz
masdar

"akrab

chanjar

dagger

daftar

note-book

mabrad
machzau

dimlij

glass bracelet

maMan

dirham

dirhem (weight)

dbbldotil hedgehog

farsach

{cf.

also

altar

masnid

sofa-bolster

cannon

mimbar

chancel

fire-tongs

mish'al

torch

view

shankal book.

mansar

lily.

This plur.

is

used

for the following

mashnaka

plur.

mashanik

a beetle

mahrame

nouns which have

fan

towel
taunt

madrase
mahbara

school

mastara

sample,

inkstand

matba^a

printing-press

consonants take

ee

[spine, chain

ruler

nouns with

zalzali

earthquake,

makbara

grave yard

between the

3"^

and

as the vowel of the last S3^11able;

timsah plur. tmaseeh

bot)St^n

a:

loose wall,

maschara

following

or

mirwaha

skull

The

i,

sinsli

frog

171.

e,

gallows,

difda'a

birwaz

before h

handkerchief

jimjmi

e. g.

168. 6 domb).

manshafe

4*^^

factory

according to the universal rule, changes to

170.

chdbnfse

mosque

masna'

the same form as the above but with the endings

e. g.

temple (head)

magazine, shop masjid

madbah

zanbak plur. zanabik

n,

file

centre

madfa'

kbbnso^ol consul

The

money

metal

ameasure(8.13Km.)malkat

Note:

of

crocodile.

frame

mikdaf

rudder

mo1}tran bishop

garden

minchar

nose

ro'brbal

sieve

shirwal

native trousers

finj4n

Arab, coffee-cup

minkar beak
mishwar drive,

fo^ostan

woman's dress

mismar

nail

watwat

bat

miftah

key

misran

intestine

ZO'bnnar

girdle, belt

chol)lchal ankle-ring

ride,

walk sinsal

chisel


Remark:

69

The following nouns

{cf.

for

the sing. 171,) form

the plur. like those in 170.

is

war

plur. asawir

'asfoor flur. 'asafeer

bracelet

sparrow

Note also the words:

plur. shayateen

shitan

172.
syllable
e.

g.

The following nouns

kalkool

any round thing

tircloon

gecko

kaddoom

adze

masroof

173.

g.

oo

in

the

last

infant shoes

matbooch

idiot

salta'on

crab

intention

Sandook

trunk, box

letter

sarsoor

cricket (insect)

expenditure

zaFoom

throat

The following nouns which have

lable of the sing,

e.

have

rat.

hornet

[or being

ee

in

calendar

the last syl-

form their plural like those in 172.

kalsheen plur. kalasheen

'afreet

which

follow in the plur. 171.

majnoon
maksood
maktoob

da'bool

ladder

target, official decoration.

jardoou plur. jaradeen

dabboor

soollam plur. salalim

Satan

devil,

nayasheen

neeshlin

evil spirit,

galoshes.


Note the
batrak

70

plural forms of the following nouns

phir. batarka

soonisar

Patriarch

plur.

samasra or

bankaji

bnookjiyi

banker

dbsko^of

asakfi

bishop

chaime

chiyam

tent

filasoof

,,

falasfi

philosopher

malak

malaike

angel.

shamamse

deacon

the regular adjective others

may be

shammas

[so'omsariye

The

Adjective,

es-sifa
175.

In addition to

lit:

quality

formed from nouns by means of the

balad

broker

nisbe cf.

162,

71

Remark:

2.

Other adjectives

before the "iiisbe" ending

e.g.

rooh

{cf.

of

the same class

also 74.):

insert an


Remark:

Compound

72

adjectives of which the adjectives proper

take the jam'is-salim:

mo~OSh marshoosh unadulterated, genuine
dayir bal

the pron. suff.

moosh badi
rair

shakoor

The
'ar-reek
'ala

e. g.

ma'dood

disquiet

ungrateful

following-

compound

adjectives are unchangeable:

fasting (condition before breakfast)

ahsau tarz
2)

rair

attentive

oi-

'al

of adjectives

il-'al

excellent.

ending

in au:

bardan plur. (m.) bardaiieen,

(f.)

bardanat

cold.

lateef*


181.
the

2"^

the

l^t

e.

g.

and

1)
S""*^

The following
rad.

and omit

great,

adjectives substitute a for ee between

consonant:

kbeer plur. kbar

'afeef

74

big

if

there be one

the vowel after


Remark

1.

75

The Arabic language is not rich in

compound phrases are therefore

adjectives

frequently

expressing a moral idea;

used,

129) such as:

{cf.

kbeer^er-ras

pig-hended, stiff-necked

kaleel^el-adab

uucuitured

kaleel_, el-hay a

impertinent

ralees^ed-danab

cocksure

mleeh^el-kalb

kind-hearted

tkeel^ed-damm

boring

taweel^er-rooh

long-suffering

Remark
same

idea. In

2.

it

r^SO kbeer

also be used to express the

Ut: his

^dabho^on kaleeleen

head

is

^'*'

in

the plur.

number and gender;

noun and adjective

194); the sing, of both

of blood)

noun may be put

the same

in

heavy

{lit:

The following form may

this construction the

the adjective follows

e. g.

thick of tail)

{lit

big, for, he is

{cf.

preferable:

is

pig-headed

^^^"' ^"^^^^'^^ ^'^

""^^

[
I

^,.

for, they are uncultured;

adabhoon kaleel

^>t'-

their culture

is

little.

Syntactical and other Remarks.

The Noun.
al-ism
184.

noun may be determined by the

article,

a personal

pronoun, or another noun.

If a noun is qualified by several adjectives, they are
185.
connected by the conjugation wa or u:

e.g.

en-natoor_el-ameen w^il-kawi w^il-mleeli

The

faithful, strong,

by an

adjective, is

and good watchman.

186.

When

a noun,

which

is

qualified

followed by another noun in the genitive, the adj.

is

placed after

the second noun:

e.g.

jooch el-biya' el-abrash

The grey

bait il-basha_l-mleeh

The

cloth of the dealer.

beautiful house of the Pasha.

boostaU^il-bo'OStanji^j-jameel The luxuriant garden

of

the gardener.


When

187.

uoun

76

the genitive

adjective, the adjective is placed after

e.

g.

bait _,er- raj obi el-rani

The house

karam_il-ameer esh-shareef

The

When two

188.

sentence

of the rich

man.

liberality of the noble emir.

uouus, the second being in the genitive,

the adjectives come

are both qualified by adjectives,

in the

last

nouns to which they belong;

of the

in the order

by an

qualified

is

it:

cf.

186. 187.
e.

jobch,_el-biya' el-abrash el-raui

g.

The giey

cloth of the lich dealer.

faras^el-badawi_l-kawiye^S-reereThestrongmareof theyoungBeduin.

An

189.

mi "which"

alternative construction with

in

is

frequent use:
e.g. ej-joocl

^el-abrash

la^l-biya'

illi

The grey

cloth

which
to)

el-faras^el-kawiye

la_l-badawi_s-sreer

illi

The strong mare which

is

(^belongs

is to

the rich dealer,

to

belongs

(-

young Beduiu.

the

to)

The Possessive Case.

The construction in which a noun is limited by an 190.
other noun in the possessive case, or by a suffixed pronoun, is called
in Arabic,

idafe

the noun which

is

g.

in English,

it.

the dragoman.

maktOOb^et-tol)rjO"'oman

The

bd'OStan^el-chawaja

The garden

tarbobsh^iKaskari

The tarboosh

of the

wata^l-fallah

The shoes

the peasant.

The form

191.
idafe

article is omitted in the idafe before

while the noun standing,

limited,

in the Genitive receives

e.

The

""addition".

of the

first

letter of

of the

of

noun

is

gentleman.
soldier.

not changed

unless
(a)

it is

when

feminine,

the ending

i,

e,

or a becomes

e.g. sa'at_,ed-dahab The gold watch; odat^er-rajo'ol The room

'dblbe
(b)

box;

the

changed in the
e.

g,

in the

'dblbti
first

my

noun ends

idafe to

get

or

in

i,

reeshti

pen;

or iye

kableet^il-mareed

The

my

t:

man.

pen.

when the ending

iyet:

shamsiye, shamseet^el-dbcht
kabliye,

reeshi

box.

of the

parasol of the sister,

The appetite

of

the sick.

is

77

jam'iyit^il-Volama

jamMye,

The assembly

of the learned.

or shamsiyet, kabliyet, jam'iyet.

the case of a fern, noun which stands in the

If,
two OF more consonants come together, a helping vowel is

192.
idafe,

inserted before the fem.

e.

g.

ending-

cj-.

t,

191.

shakfe,

shaktit^ej-janzeer

bandora,

bandorit jarna

The tomato

of

bakara

bakarit^er-ra'i

The cow

the herdaman.

Remark

The word

e.g. beni sachr

beni

piece of chain.

of

occurs only in the

our neighbour.

idafe:

the 'BemSachr"^Y; sons of Sachr, an Arab tribe.

The

Adjective.

es-sifa

The

193
to

which

e. g.

it

attributive adjective takes the article,

belongs

is

194-.

The

liberal uncle,

g.

farasak es-sareefe Your beautiful mare.

adjective, attributive and predicative, agrees in

gender and number with

e.

the noun

el-mara^s-sa'eede The happy woman

el-bait _,el-kbeer The big house;

el-'amm^el-chiyir The

if

determined.

noun:

its

el-bot)ldan_el-kbar The large countries; el-bral es-srar The small mules.

el-OWlad kbar The boys

are big

el-alwah SOOd The

slates are black.

The Verb.
el-fi'l

195.
e. g.

kamat

"a^shoorlho'bm

'an^el-ko*orsi

el-'asakir rahoo 'al-mdeene

el-klab lihsoo

196.

the doing.

The Verb agrees with

er-rjal rij'oo

el-0"OCht

lit:

ed-damm
The

its

noun

in

gender and number:

The men returned

The

The

sister rose

soldiers

The dogs

predicate, instead

of

to their

went

into the city,

licked the blood.

following,

the subject:
e.

g-

work.

fiom the chair,

shirboo^j-jmal

The camels drank.

ijoo^l-msafreeu

The

travellers came.

may precede

haraboo_l-har&miye

The

taroo^n-nahlat

The bees flew away.

When two

197.

nominative they follow

verbs

198.

'animal,

e.

moment

same

the

The peasants ploughed and sowed.

being done, or

is

happening at

is

speaking:

of

'am btikra

g.

upon

dependent

are

or its abbreviation 'am "doing", with the impf.,

conveys the idea that someting

the

thieves fled,

as in English

it,

el-fallaheenharatOOll^zara'oo

e. g.

78

Are you reading?

'ammal tchiyit

We

'ammal yidhakoo They

'am niktib

Remark:

are writing

The same

idea

She

may be conveyed by

is

sewing.

are laughing.

repeating the

subject of the sentence as a pers. pron. suffixed to 'ammai:

e.

g.

'ammalha

tirsil? Is she washing?

The

199.

participle raih

indicates that some one

thing

is

g.

200.

g.

impf.

or that some-

something,

raiha tistreeh

to read,

They

We
The

participles

jai,

she

is

going to

are going to take a drive,

like

come", and
iiii

tabi.

of taba'

with a pers. pron.,

29) "the following, the next, the coming:"

el-yom

ej-jai

The coming

day.

el-harf_et-tabi'

An

exception

201.

The

is:

el-malik ej-jai

The next following

ej-jobm'a^t-tara

The coming,

The next king.

letter.

lit:

rising,

g,

katib

matloob

week.

participles frequently correspond to an English

substantive or adjective:
e.

rest,

are about to dine.

of aja "to

"to follow", with the article, express,

e.

scrubbing.

about to happen:

raih bakra

raiheen nakot)l

{cf.

is

with the

"to go",

of rah

about to do

is

am going
raiheen ishimmoo_l-hawa

e.

'aramalha timsali* she

writer;

kaflr

unbeliever

demand

maktoob

letter

''means also, "to plane wood".

hakim
ma'moor

judge,
official

79

The participles, in conjunction witii a separate

202.
pronoun, express a condition or state, corresponding to our present
or past tenses:
e.

g.

hee t^bcha She

hoo niarsoob

The

20ii.
translated

is

following

infinitive

infinitive

used in the dialect as a verb form;

jarrab inoott 'an_,el-hait

e.g.
{lit:

verb must

the impf. agreeing with

The Arabic

number and gender.

We are accepted.

nalma makbooleen

forced,

Arabic by

in

hee '^mli liraouada Sheia making lemonade,

cooking,

He was being

always

the subject

a noun, and

is

is

be
in

not

also 155. 201):

{cf.

He attempted

to

jump

over

the

wall

he attempted, he jumps over the wall).

We

biddna nishtril

wish to work

{lit:

we wish we work).

For other illustrations see 211.

The

204.

past,

tense our

impf.

may be expressed

by kan

with the imperfect:

e.

g.

kan yikra He

koonna

nrattil

kan yivmi He threw

read

We sang

Our pluperfect

205.

koont

(hymns)

is

tisbali

kan yinsa He

forgot;

You swam koout amshi

expressed by kan

with the

I ran.

present

participle:
e.

kanoo

g.

fatheen_,el"bab

lamma koonna naimeen

They had opened the door while we

koonna m'owkeeno yom

The

206.
1)
e.

2)

slept

had delayed him one day.

future is expressed

by the imperfect tense,

bashoof

g.

We

by

see or

rayih

will see.

(m.), raiha

(f.),

raiheen (plur.)

with the imperfect

tense:
e.

g.

rayih yi'zimna He

will visit us.

raiheen inrajji'_.il-ktab
3)

by

207.
kiin,

yikoon,

bidd {cf.

Our

raiha tzoorna

We

She

will visit us.

shall return the book.

116 Remark)

future perfect is expressed by the imperfect of

placed before the pres. participle:


e.g.

80

We

binkoon imkaddfeen ntfbss farsach.

shall

have rowed half a

farsach. (1 farsach

bitkoonoo tchallasto minilO

208.

The

tense

irapf.

You
used

is

8,13 Km.),

will be relieved of him.

sentences,

conditional

in

which are introduced with lamma or Ma:

e.

e.

g.

g.

kaddaish baddi afrah lamma bijeebo

kaddaish bitriyar

ida bisafir il-basha

il-hal

conditions would change

209.

Hypothetical

suffixes inn,
g.

low inno
low

is

if

sentences

verb being in the imperfect.

e.

How

would rejoice

he
it!

min hon.

How

the

the Pasha would go from here!

are

by low

introduced

a pronoun follows,

If

if

should bring

before

in,

the

pron.

inserted:

kobnna mnifrah
if he would return we
kobnna minkaddiralo hadiye

birja'

should rejoice,

biji_^r-rajo"ol

the

if

man

would come we should give him a present.

.210.

The imperative form can never be used with a negawith la or ma is used instead:

tion, the imperfect

e.

g.

Do

not forsake your friends.

Do

(plur.)

la tisbahsh fi^U-nahr

You

la tot)trdbksh

la titla'oosh la

ma

tro'ohsh

211.
imshi

not cross

Do

The English

"let

the bridge,

cut)

{lit:

shall not bathe in the river.

barra el-yom Do not go out

min hon

to-day.

not go away from here.

us"

is

rendered by the inperatives

"go" yalla"come!" in the pers. and number of the addressed.

The verb which

( 203.) "ms"

e.g.

ishabak

la tikta'sh ij-jisir

follows,

becoming

the Eng. infinitive,

its

imshoo nitrook _ il-bait

is

put

in the impf.

subject.

Let us leave the house (Nt: go

ye,

we

the

yalla nrooli

Remark:
tion
e.

g.

cf.

137,2;

barra

Let us go outside.

"Let" for "to permit"

it

leave

house),

is

challa;

for the

conjuga-

must always have a personal pronoun.

cha]leeho1)m yistreehoo

Let them rest

challeena na'mal has-safra

Let us take this journey {Ut:

(Ut: let

them, they

rest).

let us,

we

do this journey).

The impersonal form

212.

81

rendered always

of expression is

by a personal:
1)

I
e.

g,

3''^

by the

rahoo

one went

kaloo

one said,

The Arabic

pers. plural:

biroohoo
was

it

2)
e.

g.

g.

ma

4)
g.

by

el-wahad

el-wahad

e.

by wahad "some one":

wahad kad^el-chail
wahad min^el-aMa
3)

e.

which

el-wahad.

ma

'imlo

btitlij

Form which

is

snowing

is

raining

cf.

The regular

144.

in the active impf.

115, have

regular

the

have

Passive

snowing

raining.

"Strong Verbs"

for

for the

the

of
cf.

Present

in the 2^^ syllable

of

Impf. Pass, byiktal

byiktil,

byihmil

,,

byihmal

katab

byiktib

byiktab.

1.

of the

Voice

hamal

Remark
may

is

it

it is

expressed by the VII Form:

is

Impf. Act.

katal

e.

however the usual passive voice

the imperfect. The Past

g.

e.

l.

i.

in the 2^^ syllable,

and Future, formed by substituting a

to the other side.

impersonal pronoun:

of the

The world
is

it.

One cannot drink the water

The world

The VII Form

Vulgar Arabic,

e.

enemies has done

impersonal "one":

like the

is

by the personification

ed-dinya 'am

13. 1. 2;

led the horses round

of the

byikdar yisbah la tani mail One cannot swim

213.

Some one
Some one

byikdar yishrab^el-inai

ed-dinya 'am btishti

and one said:

for one says,

say", and "they said",

says, it is said.

to the colloquial "they

equivalent

therefore

is

one goes

bikooloo one

said

The present

be expressed also by

the

and future tenses,

personal

pronoun

passive

with

the

voice,

past

participle
e.

g.

ana madroob
int

matrood

Remark
in addition

to

2.

am

You

beaten or

shall be beaten

are expelled or

The past

You

will be expelled.

tense, passive voice,

may

be expressed,

the VII F., by kan and the past participle:

A Manual of Palestinean Arabic.


e.

82

kobnna madroobeen
We were beaten.
wain kdbntOO majrooheen where were you wounded?
kauoo ma'zooleen min hadak esh-shahr

g.

They were deposed since

The

3.

by
e.

yikoon

b^'d

month.

may

future teuse, passive voice,

also be

expressed

and the past participle:

bdbkra bikoon el-'adoo marloob

g.

last

The enemy

moodde kaseere bikoon msa'ad

will be beaten to-morrow.

in a short time he will be helped.

Adverbial phrases, or adverbs, are often put at the

214.

beginning of the sentence together with the predicate;

e.g. la

wain harab el-mahboos

Whither has the prisoner

fl^l-masa akaloo

They dined

ho^Dnak kanat reeshti

My

fled?

in the evening.

pen was there.

bookrabiroohoo_n-nas'al-koods The

people will go to-morrow to Jerusalem.

The Auxiliary Verbs "to have" and

The present tense
68. 69.), by means

215.

seen

(c/l

of "to

have"

is

"to be".

we have

formed, as

of certain prepositions,

the

past

tense by the addition of kan, and the future tense by the addition
of bikoon

126.

cf.

I.

The

216.

auxiliary verb

we

structions, must, as

''to

be", in certain English con-

have seen, be rendered also

by a preposition

71); the Arabic language possesses no verb for

{cf.

Remark

1.

The English

inipf.

wa?,

is

it.

rendered by

kan,

and

the future will he by bikoon, the impf. of kan.

Remark
preposition
c/.
e.

li

2.

kan is

frequently used in combination

and the pers. pronoun,

in

which case

it is

with the
shortened,

also 218:

g.

kanlo
217.

he had

/.

e.

possessed.

The verb

kan with

pronouns and adverbs with which

e. g.

meen ma kan

whoever

it

be

ma or ma generalizes interrogative
it

may be

connected:

aimta ma, kan

whenever

it

be

83

The

218.

conditional

"if I

am"

expressed by the

is

etc.

following forms

am

in

kanni

{or ko'ont

If I

in

kannak

ko'bnt

you are (m.)

in

kaunik

kobnti

you are

in

kanno

kan

he

in

kanal

in

kanha
kanna

kdbnna

in

kanko'om

in

kanho^om

The Verb

319.

ar

(f.)

is

she

is

we

are

kdbntoo)

you are

kanoo

they are

employed

"to become",

cf.

a participle

or adjective, instead of an

26. 2, is

in

various ways:
It is

1)

used with

intransitive verb,

express the condition or state,

to

of

some one

or something:
9-

sar marloot

It is faulty.

Sar sakran

He

is

It

He becomes

has also the meaning of

sar yisbah

e.g.

He began

to

swim,

Sarat til'ab

This

mean

to attain to the doing of

Sar yisbah
gar or

3)

may mean
gayir (act.

is ill.

faithful.

joyful.

begin to do a thing:

biseer yimshi He begins

what

is

to walk,

begin to speak French.

She began

construction, in

e.

g.

to

We

minseer nihki fransawi

Remarkr

He

They become

biseer farhan
2)

it is pierced.

skr 'iyan

dbmana

biseeroo

makdoob

sar

drunk.

the

to play.

perf.

only,

may

also

conveyed by the verb:

also,

he can swim.

part.)

followed

by

li,

with

the personal

pronoun, expresses the idea of "to have":

e. g.

Sar

lit:

It

li

waja' ras

headache.

tiave a

shahr rayih
It is
has become to me a month

sar

li

Note the

Sar lak sho'brl? Did you get work?

month that I have been away from

that I went from here.
a

here,

i)hrases:

shoo biseer

What

will

shoo Sayir

what

is

happen?

shoO sar

What

happening? shoo rayih iseer

has happened?

What will happen?

6*


220.

verb follows upon another verb

If a

second verb loses

e.

its

prefix

ma

b or

hi,

also 208), the

{cf.

may

as the case

kawam

wish

bakdir aji^l-y5m

cannot come to-day.

bareed arooli

g.

84

For other illustrations

be:

go quickly

to

203.

cf.

Diminutives are used in the Dialect, only in a few

221.
terms of endearment and depreciation, nicknames and proper names:
e.g.

o^olaid

little

child

'wain

little

eye

Sfiyar

little

one

Sdair

little

breast

hlaiwa

a fine looking person

Z air

small person

{lit: little

iktaish

tail)

member

ibaid

(man or woman)
said of one

the body,

of

who has

from katash

said of a person of dark complexion, from

abd

lost

to cut off

negro.

Proper names:
d'aibis

from

da'bo'bs imbecile

hnain

l.ianna

zbaidi

zibdi

no'bSS ijbail,

222.

a village nearNablus,

The nouns

regard to them which

aboo kabra

g.

may

Father

to

of pride,

of

/. e.

the belly,

Mother

of quarrel,

sahib

akl

Friend

of

haram

gain

shahbar

scratch

half a little mountain.

prominent

daughfact

in

of the

Daughter

an overbearing person.
i. e.

i. e.

i. e.

forbidden
of air

i. e.

/.

a glutton.

a quarrelsome

understanding,

Friend of the law

Son

Hasan

rinim

be abstract or concrete:

ifjoor

ibn

denote some

O'omm

bint jah

lit:

the .verb

aboo father, o^omm mother, ibn sou, bint

aboo batn or karsh Father

sahib namoOS

shliaibir

butter

ter and ahib friend are used

e.

hsain from hasan

irnaim

Hanna

i. e.

woman.

an intelligent person.

an honourable man.
c.

scoundrel.

prostitute.

Such phrases may be used either in the masc. or fem. and

must sometimes be rendered in English by an adjective cf. 183

Remark

I.

Part Second

Phrases

Conversation
etc.


il-fi'l

The Verb

"sar'

il-wakt

I.

87

il-hadir

"to be'*

Present Tense:

1.

215

cf.

inti 'iyaiie or

il-kalb

The dog

ana'atshaui

inl

shatir or mijthid

mareeda
ameen u faheem

He

hoo mkiyif

is faithful

sing.).

and intelligent.

happy.

is

il-bint^is-sreere fl^l-bait

The

hiye na'sane

She

is

nihna bardaneen

We

are cold.

intoo ta'baneen

You are tired (plur.).

They are sour.
The grapes are not ripe.

hoom hamdeen
il-'inab

mtfbsh mistwi

id-dtfbrrak ba'do

achdar

ahmar

il-ward

home.

sleepy.

The peaches are

still

green.

Lilies are white.

imdowwar

sath or wijh il-mai hadi

moosh mhaddab

har-rajobl

girl is at

little

Eoses are red.

iz-zanbak abyad
id-doolab

id-deeb w_it-ta'lab hiwauat

wheel

round.

is

The surface of the water is smooth.

This

man

uneducated.

is

The wolf and

the fox are wild

beasts.

barriye
ij-jamal w^il-barl

ff.

sq.

am hungry (m.).
am thirsty (f.).
You are diligent (m.
You are ill (f. sing.).

ana joo'Hn

68

hiwauat baitiye

The camel and the mule

are

domestic animals.

hsabo moosh masboot

His

tabariya b'eede 'an^il-koods

Tibeiias

ba'd b'eed
ba'd

ma

il-mai

min hon

la baitna

sarat soochne

fatre

ish-shoraba sdbchne
it-taks

shob

bill

Peace

or karooto kaleele

shbeene mleeh ma'i

far

from Jerusalem.

way to our home.

warm (water).

long

The water is luke-warm.

The soup is hot.
The weather is hot.

is-salam barake kbeere

objo^'Grto

incorrect.

It is not yet

Incense

kdbwe

is

It is still a

il-bachchobi no' so'omr

is-sadaka

is

is

is

a kind of gum.

a great blessing.

Friendship

is

strength.

His wages are small.

My

godfather

is

good

to me.


or

il-fihris

bala ralat

il-lailia

doolab-ilbiyara jdeed

kaseer

ko''orbaj^il-chi3'al

The list is faultless.

The water-wheel is new.
The whip of the rider is
Flagstones are

il-balat mills

The cork

hadl_l-kanneene

falleenet

88

short.

flat.

of this bottle is broken.

makroonie

hamm

The heat of this stove is great.

The pyramids are majestic

hal-oojak kteer

il-ahram bnayat facheeme.

structures.

miyet balir^^il-miyet mallia

11-obrdo'on

nahr kbeer
matlaneen

rfoof il-kootb

II.

il-wakt il-madi

koont fee libnan

ko^ont tafran

was

in the

c/.

salt.

2l.j sq.

Lebanon.

You (m. sing.) were angry with her.

You (f. sing.) were impertinent.
He was very slow (lit: cold).

minha

koonti wikha

kanat hafye

hadak^il-yom

fee baitak

Past Tense:

II.

kan barid kteer

koonua

The water of the Dead-Sea is

The Jordan is a big river.
The book-shelves are full.

She was barefoot.

were at your

We

(m.) house on

that day.

ma

kot)ntoosh abadan farhaneen

You

(plur.)

were never happy

about

hada

fl

kanoo owlad sahibna

They were the

meen kan hoonak?

Who

this.

children of our
friend.

ua'am hoo kan wazeer iz-zira'a

was there?
The army of the Sultan was brave.
Yes, he was minister of agri-

koonna haznaneen

We

iaish is-sooltau

kan

sho^oja'

culture.

il-mai kanat

'alaih or 'alaiha

watye or raa kanat

were sad about it (m. or {.).

The water was low, (or, not high).

'alye

is-sarame kanoo makneen

ir-rajool

kan baMo 'ar-reek

il-hakeem kan hou imbarha

hoo kan ma^na

'ammitna kanat fi^J-botstan

The shoes were durable {lit: firm).

The man was still fasting.
The doctor was here yesterday.
He was with us.
Our (paternal) aunt was in the
garden.

89

kanat tool in-nh4r fi^l-madrase

owwal imbareh

kot)oua

karye

fi

'arabiye sreere

ma

laish

koonteesh fi_l-'azeeme

ma

kaiioosh kaslaueeu

ish-sharreele kanoo mtfbjtihdeen

k^n 'ammal or 'amm yfrak

kail

She was the whole day at school.

We were the day before yesterday

Why

in

waliad hamil

kaiioo soofr iiiitl_il-miteen

odit^il-markab kanat m'attati

Arabic village.

little

were you not

il-madye

il-laile

hobni

at the recep-

tion last night?

They were not lazy.

The workmen were diligent.

He was
He was

sweating.
a good-for-nothing.

They were deathly pale.

The cabin was nicely furnished.

mleeh
kauoo robraba
kan

fi

hot)iiak

They were strangers

hal-blad

fi

makateeb

is-sliobn il-mkassareen

la

abooye

kanoo Ttak

il-raiiam

marboot fi_l-chaime

w^il-mfza kanoo il-yom

is-so1)bli

il-chail

ma

fi

The broken

hadak

plates

kanoosh hon

my

were

father.
old.

reprehensible.

The dog was tied to the tent.

The sheep and goat were this
morning

il-hakl

bakarat_il-fallali kanat sreere

in this land.

letters for

His conduct was

slobko kali mftir

il-kalb kail

There were

in that field.

The horses were not here.

The farmer's cow was young.

fi^l-'obmr

kan il-yom fl^l-madrase

ibni

it-talaraeed

kanoo imbarili ma'

m'allimhoon

kan ahsan Sahib

il-miftali

fi

'ain tara

son was at school to-day.

The pupils with their teacher

were yesterday

He was my

ill

kan fi^l-ral

il-mazhariye kanat

My

fi

chazanet

at

The key was in the

The flower-bowl was

il-awaue

ir-roozname kanat 'ala^l-liait

il-ale

kanat

fi

jaibto

ish-shabaki kanat fi^l-boostan

"Ain Fara.

best friend.
lock.

in the cup-

board.

The calendar was on the wall*

The instrument was in his pocket*
The hammock (lit: net) was in
the garden.

il-kastal il-ma'dani

ma kansh hon

il-kadobs kan 'ind il-fachobre

The metal pipe was not here.

The (earthenware) pipe was at
the potter's.

mii

kansh

ma kansh

fi fi
fi

fi^l-hakl

bol^rhau 'ala rishsho

There was no shade

in the field.

There was no proof of his deception.


il-yom is-so"obh ko*orma ind

90

il-

We

were this morning

at the ruins.

char^yib
il-owlad kanoo

iKfoss is-sakye

fl

The boys were

in the middle of

the brook,
il-mooncho'bl kan

fi

ma kansh

il-choorj

eedha
fl^l-machzau

The flour-sieve was in her hand,

The saddle-bags were not in the
barn,

ma kansh

fl

III.

masari fadda

fl

jisdani

There was no

silver in

IIL Future Tense:

il-wakt ij-jaye

bakoonbobkrabakkeerli_l-mdeene

purse.

216 R.

cf.

town to-morrow

shall be in

my

morning.
bitkoou

lajo^tl

mfeed ida btibka

You

be a

(m. sing.) will

man

mashi ala^d-darb il-mleeha

if

you continue

useful

to

walk

in the right path,

ma

bitkooneesh owwal bint

fi

You

will never be the first girl

il-bisse

ma Vomrha

bitkoon ameene

your

in

safiik

cat will never be so

mitl^il-kalb

minkoon ho^onak ida ma shattatsh

class,

faithful

as a dog.

We

shall be there

will

it

if

not rain.

bitkoonoo rooraba

fi

hadeek

You

will be strangers in that

il^blad

country.

biko'onoo koowjid sha'bholjn

They

ma minkdbnsh

We

will be the leaders of their

people.

sabab 'aktak 'an

shall be no obstacle to

hoobb is-shdbhra
btichsar ida ko'ont btitba' amyalak

You

bikoon min shani mitl ach

He

will be a loser

if

your

ambition.

you follow

your inclinations,

'ind, ma',
I.

a)

The Verb "to have"

li

il-wakt il-hadir

T.

mrakkab ma' "ind"

a)

Present Tense:

formed with

have a

indi rreef cho^obz

indak jdbbne u

You

zibde

will be a brother to me.

'ind

cf.

68.

loaf of bread.

(m. sing.)

have cheese and

butter.

'indik daftar kitabe

You

(f.

sing.)

have a writing-book.

91

*mdo seeniye

He

j'mdha salle sreere

She has a

I'indna ibre u chait

We

has a

tray.
little

basket.

have a needle and thread.

I'jndkoom shoke u ma^laka

You have

rindhoom chazaiiet ty^b mleeha

I'iiido ktab sobwar?

They have a nice ward-robe.

Has he a picture book?

Mndha shamsiye soda

She has a black parasol.

Have you (f. pi.) a thimble?
They have a knife and hatchet

*indkot)m ko^oshtban?
'indho^oni

sikkeeii u balta

Mndna soofra

We

karasi

ii

ma Mndho-om sharch

have a table and chairs.

They have no
Have you (m.

wakt?

'in dak

a fork and spoon.

Mndi wakt kaleel

have

little

axe.

time?

sing.)

time.

jahsh (m.)
'in do

jal.ishe

or kdbrro'osh

has a young donkey.

The mukari has mules.

il-mkari 'iudo bral

ma

He

(f.)

She has no horse and no

foal,

'indna masket reeshe u hibr

We

ink.

ma MndhooDsh

They have no

'iiidash

lisaii

wala moohr,
mot)hra.

riyash walakio klain

filly.

have a penholder and

but lead-

pens,

rsas

marwaliat reesh na'am

i!-otm 'inda

pencils.

The mother has

a fan of ostrichfeathers.

il-oocht

Mnda zihre

il-bo'ostaaje 'indo

kawa^veer

koowar kishane
Indna fanajeen w_ishoou

'indi

Mudik fiujan

ii

The sister has a flower.

The gardener has flower-pots.
I

have a china-flowerpot.

We

have cups and plates.

You -J.) have one cup and one plate.

sahn

chali 'indo 'arabiye

My maternal uncle has a carrriage.

ma

'indeesh kfoof

il-fa'el

b)

ma

mrakkab ma"

ma ma'eesh

have no gloves.

The workman has no

'indbbsh fas

''ma"

masari

b)
I

formed with ma'

He

ma'ha shakfit cholDbz?

Has she

in-najjar ma'o

68.

has a double-flute.
a piece of bread?

She has an

masameer

cf.

have no money.

ma'o mijwiz

ma'ha izar

lioe.

izar.

The carpenter has

nails.

92

The
The

soldier has a flag

ma'na ka'k

We

have cake.

il-chaddaine ina'ha fteele?

Has the servant (f.) a lamp-wick?

The builder has a ladder.
The mason has a trowel.
The farrier has a horse-shoe.
They have neither tobacco nor pipe

ma'o bo"ondaira u tabl

il-'askari

ma'ha

il-bint

satl

il-mhaudis ma'o sillam

il-bauDa ma'o mastareen

ma o hadwe
ma ma'kobnsh la dot)chchan wala

il-beetar

girl

has a

and drum

pail.

ralyoon

Have you

ma'ak haweu

(m. sing.) a metal

mortar?
la,

ma'na

il-mbiyid ma'o barari

il-

we have

No,

jtfbrn

msowwir ma'o

fd'orshai

"ammal is-sakakeen ma'o makassat

a stone mortar.

The tinsmith has screws.

The painter has a brush.
The cutler has scissors and knives.

u sakakeen
il-mara ma'ha kabkoob cheetan
is-sayer ma'o
ir-rjal

kammashe

ma'hoou barreeme la^l-

The woman has a ball of thread.

The goldsmith has a pair of pincers.
The men have a corkscrew.

falleen

Who

meen ma'o mamlaha

il-owlad ma'ho'bn kobrsi
il-bint ij-jameele

sreer

ma'ha swara

ra'i^l-ranam ma'o charoof sreer

ma'o moos u tasmi

il-hallak
il-katib

ma'o daftar mlahasat

ma'o ko^orbaj

il-'arbaji

il-haddad ma'o

mhadde

has a salt-cellar?

The children have a stool.

The beautifnl girl has a bracelet.
The shepherd has a lamb.
The barber has a razor and a strop.
The writer has a note-book.
The driver has a whip.
The blacksmith has a sledge
-hammer.

ma'o matabbi

il-hajjar

mooashar

il-charrat ma'o

mrakkab ma'

c)

il-m'allim ilo ma'arif

il-kadi ilo
il-istad

fahm

(liikme)

ilo^ichtibar

il-miehtiri' ilo

itr^abeeb

ilo

irade

mahara

"li"

The
The
c)

stone-cutter has a hammer.

joiner has a saw.

formed with

The
The
The
The
The

"li" cf.

68.

teacher has knowledge.

judge has wisdom.

professor has experience.

inventor has energy.

physician has

skill.

The poet has

ish-sha'ir ilo mtfbjoon

Ihada^sh-shabb
jhadeek il-bint

ma
ma

ila

That maiden has patience.

sabr

He

eemau

ilosh

Una

nia ilosh

tika

fi

has no

faith.

She has no

ilha or ila fadayel

il-ralib

wit.

This youth has understanding.

idrak

ilo

93

The

farah

We

koodirtak

virtue.

victor has no joy.

have

confidence

your

in

strength.

ma

ildbnsh idrak

fahm rooh

la

They have no

insight into

ilkoom tabee'a zihrawiye

You have

Una amal nshoofak

We

II.

kanli idn

'an kareeb

il-wakt il-madi
I

happy

have hope

disposition.

seeingyou soon.

of

Past Tense:

II.

miu abooi or abooye

human
nature.

in-nas

cf.

69.

have the pei-missiou from

my

father.

my

kanat maM baroodet 'ammi

kan ma'ak

ij-jisdan

kan ma'ik

kol)l ishi

had the pui se.

You
You (f. sing.) had everything.
Had you the postage-stamp?

kauat ma'ak

il-bo"ole

had

(paternal) uncle's gun.

(m. sing

or warakat

il-bool
faris

ma kansb

ma'o_^l-habl

it-

Faris had not the thick rope.

tcheen
nasir kan ma'o izmeel n sharch

Xasirhadachisel and a sharp axe.

madi
kan

ila

ko'oshtban u oobar

in-niswan kan 'iudhotn rabtet

She had a thimble and needles.

The woman had a beautiful
necklace.

rakabe shalabiye?

kan ilna daloo jdeed

ma kansh

We
We

had a new

bucket.

had nothing.
kan'indakil-mo"bknsiw_il-majrood You (f. sing.) had the broom and
'indna ishi

dust-pan.

kan 'indkol3n dawab tiybe?

Had you

(plur.)

good

riding

animals?

kan 'indhoon chail tiybe kteer

il-chaddamat kan ma'hol3n

They had very quiet horses.

The maid-servants had dusters.

sharayet rabara
il-kot)btan

kanlo karib

The captain had

a boat.


il-bo^ombashi kanlo saif

wakeel il-manara

ma kansh

94

ma'o

The major had a sword.

The lighthouse-man had no

light.

dow
kanlik

ddbmmet ward

You had

(f.)

a bouquet of roses.

it-tabbacba kan 'indha kidre

The cook had an earthen

il-haramiye kan ma'ho'on dababees

The thieves had clubs.

The ceiling had a crack from

cooking.
pot.

il-hr^m kan

fih

choozk min mail

one end to

la mail

ma kansh fib
ma ilo kazaz

il-kandeel
il-fanoos

kaz

is-sako kan fih chtfbzk fi^l-ko'omm

III.

wakt

il-istikbal.

the other.

The lamp had no oil.

The lantern has no glass.
The coat had a hole in the sleeve.
III.

Future Tense

bikoon 'indi wakt

bikoon Mndi takm ijdeed

I shall

bikoon "indak soora

You (m.

bitreed ikoon 'indak bsat ijdeed?

Will you

bikoon 'iudo fara

He

c/".

286.

1.

have time.

shall

have a new
sing.) will
(f.

suit.

have a picture.

sing.)

have a new
carpet?

miryam ma

bikot)nsh "indha tob

will

Mary

have a plane.

will not

have a new dress

ijdeed has-sana

bikoon 'indna mai taza

ii

tamar

this year.

We shall have fresh water and fruit.

taza

bikoon ilna bot)kra dars

ma

bikoon 'indhot)n

ma

matrah
chamseen frank,

bikolDnsh ilkot)m

biko'bnsh ilho'on abadau tika

fi

we have lessons to-morrow?

You will not have room.
They v\ill have 40 francs.

Shall

They

will

never have confidence

insan kaddab

is-sikke bikoon flha rol)kkab ktar

in

The

train will

liar.

have many
passengers.

il-mjallid

bikoon 'indo warak

The bookbinder

mlowwan

He

'an kareeb bikoon 'indna 'inab

We

bikoon indi Ihafat min harder

bikoon 'indha bait mrattab mleeli

She

bikoon Indhd'ou

They

mnashshif

have coloured
paper.

bikoon 'indo kaitiye hamra

saif

will

will

have a red head-cloth.

shall soon

will

have

will

have grapes.

silk bed-covers.

have a convenient house.

will

have a dry summer.


hikoon ilak

bikoon

wakt fadawi kteer

int

sirt fakeer

ma

sar

enemies.

have much spare time.

c/.

126.

2.

219.

have become poor.

You (m.) have become teacher.

You (f.) have become diligent.
He has not yet become decent,
(lit
Adam or man like).

shatra

inti sirti

hoo

m allim

sirt

have jealous

will

I shall

Be, become,

sar

P
ana

You

ada hasoodeen

'indi

95

adami ba'd

nihna sirna \yaDeen

She has become very

We became ill.

intoo sirtoo arinya la achir daraji

You became exceedingly

honne ba'd ma saroosh ahsan

They have not yet become

waiu

How

hee sarat lateefi kteer

ma

ba'd

sirtish at

allam jabr

ta al m.a1 shoo biseer

idashammait

il-3^om il-hawa?

ma

bisirsh arobh la barra

ma

Come with me! what does

matter

am

Is

saratsh is-sa'a hda'sh

better.

have you gone in algebra?

far

have not yet learned algebra.

sar is-so'blir?
la ba'd

rich,

to the last step).

(lit:

sirt li_j-jabr

friendly.

you take a walk to-day?

not allowed to go out.

noon?

it

No,

if

it

it is

not yet half past eleven.

u nolDSS

How

kaddaish sarlak fi^^l-kobds?

have you been

long

in

.Jerusalem ?

shoo sarlak ya shaich?

What

wala

Nothing.

ishi

ailing

you

Tell me,

ida ko'bnt bitho'bbb

hoo biseer yit'allam toorki

He

hee bitseer tihki 'arabi ba'd sane

She

aimtan or aimta bitseeroo tihkoo

you please.

if

will

perhaps speak Arabic

after one year-

When

you begin

will

What

does

it

mattter

yom?
minnak

to

speak

the truth?

1-hakk?

shoo biseer ida koont basafir^il-

to you.

begins tu study Turkish.

yimkin

biseer

Sheikh?

Something has happened

ma'lobra sarlak ishi

kol^lli

is

when

depart to-day?

Will you ever be anything?

ishi?

ma'loom ana baseer mhaudiz

mahir

Of course

will

become

good

architect.

96

"The Personal Pronoun in the

id-damayer il-marfoo'a

Nominative Case.
minni

bithassil aktar

int riyis il-madrase?

ana mistreeh

'ala hal-kaifiye

msahmeen

ho'bm shobraka or

c/".

She earns more than I.

Are 3^ou the principal?

am

comfortable in this position.

They

are partners in his business.

I
fl

sharilto

hoo rafeeki

He

ma

We

Indnash wakt la^l-hareebe

obmmak

int u

is

You

bitzobrbbna

my

companion.

have no time

for flight.

and your mother

(m. sing.)

will visit us.

hee u ana katta'na zhobr

She and

ihna sowwarna u hot)m yistreelioo

We

hdbnne u dawabhbbn

They, as well as their riding

picked flowers.

photographed while they

rested,

kauoo

animals, were very thirsty,

'atshaneen kteer

hoo

He and

sahbo 'imloo safra

II

We

ihnau hdbnne ma koonnash nifham

ba'd
int

II

hee u oochot)tak lazim

tjawboo

'ala

has-soValat

hoo biktib ahsan

iiiin

yom la-yom

yommin

his friend

made a journey,

and they could not understand each other,

You, she and your (m.) bro+hers

must answer these quesfions.

He

writes better from daj^ to day.

wara One day he returned alone, the

il-bakyeien rahoo oosara
rest were taken prisoner,
hiye wahdha sahhilha hadiye
She alone received a present,
il-iyam

riji' la

lialo la

ho'bm u mo'bsh nihna kassaroo^s-

She, and not we, broke theplates.

shobn

id-damayer il-mansoobe

The Personal Pronoun

Accusative Case.

chabbarni 'an matlobbo

He made known

ana babrdo kteer

il-'adoo

liliikhoon tool in-nhar

mat kabl

ma wajadobh

o^dsilna 'ala safhit

ij-jabal

chiyalt b'ajali

sabaknaho'om

l.iatta

asal la 'indo

bi ko'brb ij-jisir

me

his wish.

The enemy pursued them

We

died before

we

all

day.

found him

reached the precipice and

saw him

shobfnah wkki' la taht

hate him much.

He
u

to

in the

c/.

fall

down.

rode fast to reach him.

Weovertookthem nearthe bridge

97

min kasarhtfbn

Who

dowwa'thtf'on mbaril.i 'ala darb

I lost

has broken them?

them yesterday in the street.

il-karrosa

ma

tchalleeho'onsh yikta'oo han-

Let them not cross

this river.

uahr
rajji"

ij-jareede

baM ma

tikraha

newspaper back

Bring

(sing.) the

After

when you have read it.

we planted the flowers we

baM ma zara'na_z-zhoor

watered

sakiuaho'on
il-chail

ta'baneen challeehoom

The horses are tired,

let

them.

them

rest.

yistreelioo

ma

tsarrijhobnsh hatta

nithiya

Do

are ready to start.

iltakait

Did you meet them at

la,

No,

ma'hoon li hal-matrah?
marakt 'auhoom bi_l-koorb

we

not saddle them until

las-safar.

passed

this place?

them

near

min^il-hirsh

saw) her sitting on

shobfthtfon ka'deen "ala hajar

I found

ishtarooh bi leertain.

They bought

bfto bi ntfbss it-taman

{lit:

ba'rafsh aktib 'arabi

ya fareedi

inti

bta'rfi

it

w^ikowwis

stone.

for 2 lira.

for half the

price.

114.2

cannot write Arabic.

You, Fereede, can write and

tiktbi

mtfbsh hakk?

wlihki 'arabi,
ba'raf yirkab

sold

it

Can (=know how)

irif.

ma

the

woods.

kteer

speak Arabic. Is

He

it

cot so?

can ride and shoot very well.

tiyib

chadeeji bta'rif totttbobch kteer

mleeh, hee

bta'^rif

kamaii tishtril

shoorl^il-bait 'ala ahsan

Chadeeje can cook very well, she

also

knows how

tarz

to do

housework
excellently.

bass mna'rif nikra inkleezi

We

can only read English.

ma

wala tiktboo
wala tihsboo

You

(plur.)

or ichtara'

Do you

bta'rfobsh tikroo

bta'rif

meen wajad

ism il-michtri" ma'roof

ma

know who invented

the art of printing?

amma

Thename ofthe inventor is known

to me but I cannot tell where he

kau
Xyish

of Palestinean Arabic.

nor reckon.
(sing.)

it-tba'a
'indi

bakdarsh akool wain

A Manual

can neither read, write

lived.


is'al

9B

il-chadim ida kaa bya'rif

Ask the servant whether he can

3'ishwi jaje?

ba'raf anso^ob^il-chaime u ba'raf

adobbbha walakia

ma

roast a chicken?
I

can set up and

bakdarsh

strike a tent,

but I cannot do

it

alone.

a'mal hada la hali

bta'raf inna safarna^^l-j^om
sliar Dieel,

badol

tlat

tna'-

Do you know

myal aktar

that

we have

tra-

velled to-day twelve miles, that

min^^enibarih

is

three miles more than yester-

day?
bakdar atsowwar hada mleeh,
laish inn^id-darb kanat sihle

bainama mbarih ma kdirnash

nsafir a"ja], laish

can well imagine

this,

the road

was smooth, while yesterday we

could not go fast on account of

inn_id-darb

the rough

road.

kanat wfri

Can

kidir
ana bikdar ahmil hal-kees it-theen

(=to be able)c/: 115.

I can carry this

"ala sahri

nia btikdareesh tihmli hal-bdbkje

Can you

(f.)

bag of flour
upon my back,

not carry this package

'

to the post? It is light.

lal-bosta? hee chafeefe

ykiktoie btikdareesh tnassfi^l-oda Fatima, can you not clean the

room better? The dust is still
ahsan? il-rabara ba'dha mlabbdi

upon the

'al-ard

yaliya byikdarsh yirfa' has-san-

dook hee tkeeli kteer

il-chaddame ma btikdarsh timsah
ko"oll_il-bait la

halha lazim^ilha

Yahya cannot

lift

is

The maid cannot

floor.

this case,

it

too heavy.

clean the whole

house alone, she must have help.

m'ooni

ma

mnikdarsh nimrobk min hal-

We

hakl laish inno mihjir kteer

as

ma btikdaroosh tsafroo^l-ydmmin You

ish-shita^l-kawi
il-chail

ma

byikdaroosh yihmloo

kol)ll il-'afsh

il-kadi

walakin

hakam

ma

fi

kita' kteere

'al-mijirm

kidirsh ichalleeh

cannot go through this

it is

field,

too stony.

cannot begin your journey

to-day on account of the heavy rain.

The horses cannot carry

all

the

luggage, there are too many pieces.

Thejudge condemned the criminal,

but could not make him repent.

itoob

btikdar tdbkftfbz 'an hal-chandak?

Can you leap over

this ditch?

99
bachaf inni

ma

ma

aftal.i

kdirtish

akdarsh
il-bab, il-ral

am

could not open the door, both

tnainhobm

w^^il-miftah kauoo

afraid I cannot.

lock and key were broken.

maksooreen

baM

byitsallahoo has-sarami

'ala

shee tareeka, immazza'een kteer

mihma

ma

ista'jalt fl_,l-mashi

Can these shoes be mended any

more? they are badly torn.

However

btikdaish tisal la^l-wad kabl

ma
ma mnikdarsh
kabl

tloo''

not

fast

you walk, you can-

reach the valley before

iseer 'itme

ish-shams laish

nightfall.

We

uitla' 'aj-jabal

inno

cannot ascend the mountain

before sun-rise, it is too dangerous.

moochtir kteer
ida kdirt achallis shoorli bakkeer

mnikdar

nrtfbh

If I

inshoomm il-hawa

rad, bidd.

can

finish

early hour,

Will, wish,

my work

we can

cf.

at

an

take a walk.

Remark

116

126. 2, 206.3.

bareed iuuak tiji^l-yom bad

sobhr

is-

wish you

to

(m.)

shoo biddik or bitreedi ta mli

What

fi

will

you

(f.)

has-sikkeen^il-mtallame
biddi akobss feeha

warak

tareek

illi

feeha

me

do with, this

If

you

(f.)

paper with
wish,

it.

we may

this

fi

ibraheem bireed or biddo yanial

to

blunt knife?
I will cut

ida koonti bitreedi mnitba' hat-

come

this afternoon.

la 1iidi

follow

shady path.

Ibrahim will erect a wall around

rab'a hawala moolko

his property.

rad yifhas dafatrak or hsabatak

He wished

biddi astanna 'alaik 'ind^il-koorni

to

examine your
account-books.

hatta

biddnash

shee min

hada

tiji

illi

thassal bi^l-haram
biddi adfa' lak objirtak; ta al 'ala

maktabi
shoo btoVmo'or, sar lak wakif hon
aktar min saa

biddeesh innak tistamil haik

haki

siflh

bi hdobri

you at the corner

until you come.
We will not have anything of
what was unjustly acquired.
I will pay you your wages: come
will cut

for

to my office.
What do you wish ? Youhave been

standing here for over an hour.

wish you to use such

language in my presence.

I do not
vile

100
il-banua biddo yistlim bina baitna

The mason wishes

undertake

to

the building of our house.

minreed nistamil bass ahsan teen

min

II

shall takseem_.il-lieetan

We

will use only the best

and

minreed nistamil shameento

kan biddo

yiji

dbmmo

walakin

raa

will use

He wished

damayer moblk

ii

yoomal

bitdill 'al-moblk.
sa'ti 'ind is-sa'ati?

achdbdha

la useet

hee

fi

la,

hee

markaz

No,

ahsan min markaz

illi fi

boostanko''on

at the

'al

it

belongs to

The

situation of

The

fig-trees in

go.

it,

in

it is

room.

my brother.
my house is

better than yours.

your garden are

full of fruit.

Your mare

kteer

him

watchmakers?

matlaneen tamar
farastak

let

your new tent?

shaitak
ashjar it-teen

cement.

but his

my
Is this

la achooi
baiti

my watch

No, I forgot to take

odti

hadi chaimtak^ij-jdeede?

we

Possessive Pronouns and

Phrases cf. 915.
Is

la hoonak,

to come,

mother would not

challatoosh

mortar

the dividing walls

for

is

very beautiful.

minhibb klabna w_ibsasna

We are fond of our

dbchtna asrar min o^bchtkobm

Our sister is younger than yours.

The carriage of our neighbour
is not so handsome as ours.
The cook has broken your tureen.

il-karrosa taba' jarna

mobsh

mleelia mitl taba'na

iKashshi kasar jat ish-shoraba

dogs and cats.

shaitktfbm

waddi-sarji las-srobji
bitshikk bi'inni bahfas kalami?

kalamak mleeli mitl id-dahab

min fadda
'ala_l-mailtain min rakbto

ij-jamal ilo jras

rajji'

madhalitna lazim nidhal

Take my saddle to the saddler.

Do you doubt that I shall keep
my word?
Your word is as good as gold.
The camel has silver bells on
both sides of his neck.

Return our

roller,

we must

matlobbak tamm

Your wish has been

hal-hakl taba'hoon

This

rayathobn

il-'atli

ma marakatsh
or salakatsli

roll

our roof before the rain.

baitna kabl ish-shita

field

realized.

belongs to them.

Their evil intentions have been

frustrated

{lU:

have not passed

by).

Your ^ood works

il-raleeha btitkafa

a'liialktf'on

101

be

will

rewarded,

ahsan mo^oktanayatna moosh

dahab wala fadda

Our best possessions are

arsan ashjar il-kraish w^il-arz

The branches

ilna tkassaroo

illi

il-fi'l

min^il-hawa

of our

trees are broken

The Verb with the Pronominal

ma'_id-damayer

sho^ofnah limmin fat 'al-oda

He has not heard

He saw him as he

a'taitha iyah

You gave

arjaui manasir il-mdeene

We

ma

and cedar

fir

by the wind.

Sufiix cf.

hoo

not

and silver.

o-old

sim'oosh

17.

it.

entered the

room,
to her.

it

showed me the views

of the

town,
il-'ashshi charrabo min kitr

il-

The cook

spoiled

it

by too much

hamm
sa'alto

wain darb^il-karrosa

'ala

heat,
I

asked him, "Where

areeha

is

road to Jericho?",

ishtarah min 'ind il-'attar

He bought

ismJ'tak tikrah

it

at the grocer's.

have heard you read

achadooh miuni

They took

low ana matrahkol)n koont

If I

were

it

away from me.

your place

in

it.

ba'ajroo

ma

bakdarsh asta'jroo

bikallif

the

should
let it.

cannot hire

it, it

costs too much.

kteer
hal-'afreet

bee'o

ii

ma

This fellow has spoilt

charrabo
bifo^ozsh

tinhamm

Sell

it

it.

and you will be without

further care,

bartalo,

amma^l-mwassafeennaba- He bribed him, but the

sho'b^l-mas'ale

ma

koonnash nikdar inbarhno

kd'oll

wahad kan

'arif

il-hakeeka

amma ma hadan
sbalah

so'brmaito

discovered

We

'ala

Every one knew

yom

it,

officials

the matter),
it.

but none

betrayed him.

He

took

janb
zdbrto kabl

{lit:

could not prove

sallamo

u hattha

it

I visited

and put
them by his side.
him the day before.

oflf

his shoes


'ammal

il-m^i

tirli,

sheelha

mistwi nawilni^iyah

il-lahra

102

naddif ish-shababeek u ba dain

The water is boiling, take it off.

The meat is done, hand it to me.
Clean the windows and shut them

sakkirhtfbn

mallaina has-satl u joobnalak iyah

afterwards*

We

have

brought

1820.

cf.

ma

kal hal-mas'ali

ir-rajoTol

to you.

it

Demonstrative Pronouns

asami il-ish^ra.
hadak

and

filled this pail

bit'obzish titlahak

achoo hadak il-ma'moor kd'obtan

This matter, that

not be discussed

The brother

man

{lit:

need

said,

followedup),

of that official

is

sea-captain.

hadolak il-charazat il-beed looloo

These ornaments are corals.

Those white beads are pearls.

Mdi^d-darb

Is this the road to that village?

awani^z-zeene hadol moorjan

la,

'ala

hadeekil-karye?

hadeek is-sikke bitwaddi

la

No, that road leads to

it.

htf'onak

shoo kan il-chabar

illi

wislak

What was

that message you

(sing, m.) received?

is-sa'i

jab hada^l-maktoob

hadoleek rassalat
byishtirlo

minshanna haj-joom'a

The messenger broughtthis letter.

Those are washerwomen.
They are working for us this
week.

hada^l-matloob kteer

This

is

asking too

much

(lit:

this
j

demanded
hadeek

il-akle ta'mitha

chall

hada ta'mto tibe

hadak il-breek ma tnaddafsh
hada makbool Indi or hada^illi

much).'?;

is

That dish tastes of vinegar.

|
This has a good taste,
j
That jar has not been cleaned.
That is agreeable to me.

biddi^iyah

h^da_,l-walad 'azeez 'alaiyi

This child

hada haki bala ta'me

This

hadol il-owlad ijoo min hadeek

These boys have come from that

is

dear to me.

is

empty

talk

(lit:

without *
tasteh

ij-jihha

a'teeni
fl

shwi min hash-shikl

hadak il-yom

irji'na 'al-bait

district.

Give me a

On

little

that day

we

of this kind.

returned home.

103
kool latrtabbacha hatta tdbtbobch

Tell the cook

to

(f.)

stew these

hadol it-to"offahat

moosh

'ala hal-kaifij^e

bareed iuu

apples.

That

is

way

not the

which

in

hadol is-sdbwar moosh m'allakeen

I wish these rooms cleaned.

Take these bed-side rugs out of
the room and shake them.
These pictures are not hanjiing

doorre

straight^

hadol il-6wad yitnaddafoo

sheel bsatat ir-rijlain hadol min
il-6da u uaftidho~t)ii

Interrogative Pronouns
cf. 22-27.

adwat il-istifham.
meen

sa'al

'auni^l-yom 'kabl

is-

Who

forme

called

this forenoon?

soohr?

What

shoo haKaita or has-syah?

*an

min

meeu inhakat hal-kidbe?

aish

mamool tobak?

noise

To whom

lameen hakait hal-hadti?

is

that?

About whomhas this lie been told?

Of what material is your (f.)
dress made?
did

you report

this

accident?
bi aish irlitt

limmin hakait kooss-

tak or tareech hayatak?

In what did you err

told

your story

when you

{or life-story)?

bi aish bitbarrid^iu-nas feek?

About what are you making

aimta^^rjit min fobrstak?

When

yourself disliked?

you return from your

did

holidays?

wain kaddaitoo layaleekd'on limmin Where did they pass their nights

when

safartoo fi^l-barr?

travelling over-laud?

'ala iya^tareeka kisboo?

By what means

meen

Who

jai _s6bna?

is-sabi

illi

ba'atnah hatta yishtri

is

did they win?

coming there toward us?

It is the

boy

whom we

sent to

buy provisions.

mooni
keef sar feek min^ir-ro^okb?

How

meen 'ammal tdbkroo?

shoo ammal yinfa'ni ida shtaralt
tool^in-nhar bjadd kawi?

Whose newspaper are you reading?

What does it profit me if I toil

jareedit

(lit:

have you borne the ride?

work with strong energy)

all

day?

shoo^d-da'we ma'^il-'arbaje?

What

is

the matter Jwith the

driver?

104
shoo ilak malika or
shachs

illi

sho''orl

ma'

haik Itil?

seeto

What have you

person who has

keef

mdbmkin inno wobsil bhaik

to do

(= lit:

conversation or work) with a

How

mobddi kaseere?

is

sucii

it

a bad reputation?

possible

that he has

arrived in so short a time?^

keef bitbiyin it^t'ichchir fee

How do ^ou explain his conduct?

How do you account for the deficit

madchoolna hadi^s-sana?
min meen t'azzart?

From whom

keef

slookoV

bit'allil

in our

cf.

makka

safaroo 'ala

illi

you

this

year?

get a rebuke?

The Relative Pronoun,

il-asaini_^l-mowsoole.

il-ho"ojjaj

income

did

aktarhoon min hal-blad

28. 29:

The pilgrims who departed for

Mekka are mostly from this
country.

il-mara

illi

harame
btishhad shahhade

il-insan

illi

byishrab kteer hoo

ir-rajo'bl illi byisrot)k

The man who steals is a thief.

The woman who begs is a beggar.
The person who drinks too much

sikkeer
il-hoorriye

a'taha^s-sooltan

illi

hee barake

is

The

liberty

gave

a drunkard.

which the Sultan

to the people is a blessing.

il-oommeillima bithafis 'al-kanoon

The nation which does not obey

im'akkad btitlasha

the law will surely perish.

ii-msafreen

illi

safaroo tool

in-

The

nhar ta'baneen
ir-rajool illi_indarr

min^ish-shob
'awad tab

is-soo'alat

illi

btis'alha

moomkin ijawib
illi

byiji

mit

mt

md'osh

'alaiha insan

hakeem
owwik byitkasas

travellers

who had been

travelling all day were tired.

The man who had been

over-

come by the heat has recovered.

The questions which you ask
cannot be answered by a sage.

He who comes

late will be

punished.

kata' la_sh-sharreel

illi

ma

ajash

'ash-shoorl oojrit

il-hsab

illi

yom

ba'ato^l-'attar kan

marloot
il-eed illi^tattalat

min

il-wik'

He

deducted one day's wages

from the labourer

The

bill

who stayed

away from his work.

which the grocer sent

was incorrect.
The hand which was injured by

a fall was bandaged yesterday.

The house which we are build-

iurabtat imbareh
il-bait

illi

'ammalua nibneeh hadd

ing

btfbstan il-baladij'e
saraft kobll^il-masare

shoofto iut

la_d-daif

Why

aua bass ishtarait daftar^ilmlahasat

laish

illi

ma kaddamtish
illi

kan hon finjan kahwe

sandook^il-mai

talli

near the public garden.

is

Did you spend all the money,

which I gave you?
No, I only bought the note-book
which you saw.

illia'taitak

iyahtfbm?
la

105

illi

did

you not

coftee to the guest

which

Fill the reservoir

taht

illi

esh-sbdbbbak

illi

nseena

you
fasten to the wall

nafs or buafs; dat or bd^t;

iut

Self:

open.

left

The shutter which we

iumakkinhabi^l-liait wik'at la taht

lial;

in

garret.

The wind brokethe window which

challaitooh maftoob
daffet

here?

is

the

is-sath

il-hawa kasar esb-shtf'obbak

a cup of

offer

who was

forgot to

down.

fell

30

cf.

eed or bleed,

bnafsak or bi eedak or bdatak

You

yourself shut the gate.

sakkart^il-bowwabe
roohna bnafsna or bdatna hatta

We

ida rooht bnafsi or bdati shoo

went ourselves

to inquire

into this mysterious matter.

nibliat 'ala hal-mas'ale^l-'ajeebe

If I

what more

go myself,

done?

el-ma'mool?
auii rot)bt

'ala^l-mhatta ashoof

bdati or bnafsi airata bisafroo

went

to the railway

to see for

myself

when

station

the trains

1-bwabeer
byikdar_il-insau

iraiyii-

halo or

leave.

Can a man make himself other

than he is?

uafso or dato
a'mlo int la halak or buafsak or

can

be done than has already been

mo1)rakin yin'mil ba'd aktar^min

Do

it

bdatak u ba'dain bikoou ahsau

yourself and then

be done

it

will

in the best

way.

ma^ikoon
i'raf

nafsak or halak or datak

katal nafso or halo or dato

dat
dat

ir-rajol)l

illi

ajram sarak

Know
He

thyself.

killed_^ himself.

The same

cf.

31

The same man ^who committed

the crime, ^stole.

A Manual

of Palestinean Arabic.

We

harabna fi dat^il mowka'a

kan fi dat^is-sana illi harab
dat

bitilboo

in the

Muhammed fled to Medina.

All

il-

same battle.
same year in which

fought in the

was

It

feeha mliaramad 'ala^l-madeena

kooll^in-nas

106

men make

the same demands.

mataleeb
minsalli la dat il-ilah

We

hakait

You have

li

dat il-kobssa kteer marrat

ainma anaraabakdarsh asaddkak

akaloo miii dat il-akl

illi

akalna

worship the same God.

me

told

often, but I

the same story

cannot believe you.

They

ate of the

She

is

now reading

He

is

still

same food as we.

miuno
'ammalha

tikra dat il-kobssa

illi

kreetha ana
ba'do

dat il-mb'osheer il-hakeem

mitl ia kan

bi^z-zaman il-madi

dat it-tika feek

ili

illi

a'teeni dat ij-jtfttrnal

la

m allmak

illi

'ammalo

the

which I read.
same sagacious

counsellor as of old.
I

have the same confidence in you

as your master has.

me

.Give

the same journal which

yikrah hoo

baM

he

baVlko'on

ma

hada intoo ichwe or ichwan

ma

fhimuash

tba'

ba'dna^l-ba'd

32.

You may

33., R.

ba'dhou in ^imshoo

reading.

after,

and Addenda.

despise each other,

nevertheless you are brothers.

We

have not understood each

other

wa'adoo

is

Each other, some,

kism.

cf.

walow ihtakartoo

the same story

('s

character).

They promised each other

to

bhasab^il-kanoou

carry out the spirit of the law.

ij-jyoosh^ijtama'oo ma' ba'd fi^l-

The armies met each other on

marj or sahl

the plain.

la

tchownoosh il-wahad
will a

ma

it-tane

bitkcTonoosh

hdbbboo ba'dkoon

il-ba'd

Do

not

soVada
abadan

w^itjan-

distrust each other,

you

will

Love each other and banish

naboo^l-reere
il-milal

illi

byittalla'oo 'ala

or"

never be happy.

jealousy.

The nations which

look with

ba'dhon bidoou tika bisabbiboo

suspicion upon each other cause

haUkhoon

their

il-chass

own

destruction.

107
la tidtihdoosh

ba'dkobu

miii_.il-

Do

not pursue

each

other with

hasad

mowloodeen

kism niiu^ir-rjal

envy.

Some men are born

leaders.

hatta^ikoonoo koowwad

akammmin wahad min^il-'adoo

few

enemy

of the defeated

il-marloob chilsoo

escaped.

shoorafa

Some

of the victors

kism min^illi wik'oo fi^n-nahr

Some

of those

ba'd_il-ralbeen kanoo

were magnanimous.

rirkoo

ba'atna kism min^el-chaddameeii

We

kism min_il-masameer
rooshtf'on

illi

tfbchtak jabat

li

fell

sent some of the servants to

fetch

water from the spring.

Give me a few nails with

flat

imbaltaha

kism min wara-

heads.

Your

sister

me

brought

Some

wara

over

of the horses leaped

the fence.

syaj
ir-rtfbkkab bikvoo

a few

sheets of your writing paper.

kak^il-kitabe

kism min^il-chail nattoo 'aa^isba'd

into the

were drowned.

river

hatta^ijeeboo mai min_il-'aiu

a'teeni

who

few of the passengers remained

behind.

ko^oll

mleeh bikoon

ishi byinthi

every

All,

ko^oll.

cf 34.

All is well that ends well.

mleeh

mowroobeen
insan ma'o hakk fi i-ayo

ktfbllhadol^il-astolDr
kooll

All the lines are slanting.

Every man has a

right to his

or sinno
kobll

id^dinya bitbiyin la^ssa'eed mleeha or jameele

ib'at kooll^il-bo'okaj

or so'orar

opinion.

All the world seems

the

fair to

happy.

Send

all

the parcels to

my

room.

'ala odti
ktfbll 'asfoor

or tair u kd'oll

hiwau

Every

bird

byifrah bi "eeshto
ihki kobll kilme

and every beast

rejoices

in his

wadha w^imafs- Pronounce every word

sara

and distinctly

work

kooll shdbrlak bass nol)Ss 'a nooss

All your

ko^oU^it-talameed lazim yikafoo

All pupils

{lit

is

{lit:

must

life.

clearly

explained)

only half done

half

upon

rise

when

half).

the

^
owwal ma^ifoot^il-m'allim

108

'al-

teacher eaters the school-room,

madrase

yom

nassif odit is-so'bkQa kooll

fatayil il-kanadeel lazim

Monday.

yinkassoo

The lamp- wicks must be trimmed

w^il-kanadeel lazim yit'abboo kaz

kdoll

filled

jawab?
abadan hsan yirko^od

cf.

'ajka
ib'at

ma

hi rair flnj4n

rairhon

fish

35

like

There was another

this,

disturbance,

or haiza'a

jeeb rair shoke u ma'laka

oil

Can you not give me another

answer than this,
I never saw another horse run

mitl hada

ej-jdbm'a^l-madye kan fee rair

with

every day.

Other, another

btikdarsh ta'teene jawab rair haj-

sho'oftish

and the lamps

yom

rair.

ma

Cleau the drawing--room every

itnain

last

week.

Send

for

another fork and spoon,

Here

is

another cup,

there are

no others,
ihsiltoo 'ala rair

achbar min im-

ilbsi rair fo'bstan

hada mwassach

Have they received

other

since yesterday?

bareh

Put on

another dress,

this
is

btikdar trooh rair yom,

il-yom

li

rair

makass hada mtallam

one

soiled.

You may go another day; to-day

you must stay

lazim tibka fl^l-bait

ib'at

news

Hand me

at

home.

another pair of scissors,

these are blunt.

Any

shee or shi, hiyallah.

fi

hiyallah

yom limmin

halak kawi

kfai

tshoof

bidna na'mal

Any day
enough,

I
cf.

36.

that you feel strong

we

will take a long walk,

shatha taweele
a'ti^sh-shahhad hiyallah

ishi bit-

Give to the beggar anything

reedeeh
inna shi

no'

mbeed

fi_,l-mach-

3^ou

Have we any wine

(f.)

wish.

in the cellar?

zan^il-ardi

mobsh \kz\m

tihki

wala la insan
aish^ismi t

You must not

any person
what you heard.j

tell


ilha shee atar raja bi'inn

109

Has she aay hope

achdoha
byirja"?

of)

The robber

il-harame kadir ya'mal hiyallah

is

capable of

'ala shi

el-chabbaz

ma

comit-

ting any wrong,

darar

koont hasil

any trace

{lit:

that her brother will return?

min_ir-raha?

Did you have

in possession)

(///:

any comfort?
indobsh wala

The baker had not any

slii

min^et-theen hatta yichbiz ka'k

C ardiual Numerals,

a'dad asliye.
la wain

raiheen hadol it-tlat oolad?

raiheen 'ala karye btib'id min hou

8744

cf.

Where are these 3 boys going?

They are going to a village which

tman myal

is

8 miles from here.

hada iidbmro 'ashara

Which numeral
That is number

jariilli'an^il-yameen noomro tis'a

My

iya 'ad ad hada?

flour

bake a cake.

to

that?

is

lO.

neighbour to the right has

No.

shoo noomrit jartak

illi

'an_ish-

What

is

the

Her number

no~bmrha tnain

hoonak ala^^s-soofra

fi

number

neighbour

shmal?

is

(f.)

of

2.

There, on the table, are 16 cigar-

sikara

ettes.

tna shar baida bitsawi dazzeeuet

The zodiac has 12 signs.

Twelve eggs are equal to one
dozen eggs.

baid

ish-shahr^il-kamari bass tamauye

'ishreen

u chamse u sitteen

lunar month has only 28 days.

yom

is-sana ish-shamsiye ilha tlat miye

el-chaddam

The

solar year has

ma

kdbntish fl^l-kot)ds min

The servant has

laid

ii

yafabi_s-

sikke takreeban tis'een kilomitr

the table

for 7
I

have not been

mot)ddit Sana u sitt_ishhoor

el-masafebainil-koods

365 days.

yom

saff is-so^ofra la sab'

ishchas

aoa

your

to the left?

sitta'shar

dayirt^il-broojilhatnashar'alame

II

9.

for 1

in

persons.

Jerusalem

year and 6 months.

The distance from Jerusalem

Jaffa

by railway

is

to

about 90 kilometres.

btikdar tisal la maksdodak bsa'a

You can

reach your

destination
in

an hour.

!!

What

iya no' dd'ochch^n btishrabV

badachchiu nolDinro brinji or

no

brinji

you
smoke?

quality of tobacco do

smoke

first

quality Turkish

tobacco.

no'

achir taman la hal-kobrsi 'ashar

The

last price

of

min hal-kmash
frankat

u.

bi

arba

One

of

ell

this cloth costs

You

paid eleven piasters more

bi'adil

we owed.

than

min^illi 'alaina

min hal-majmoo'

el-hasil

The sum

of this addition

dainak byiblar

alf

w^itlat

equals
215.

mitain u chamsta'sh
hkki

francs and 40 centimes.

arb'een santeem

ehda shar kirsh aktar

int dafa t

is

10 francs.

frankat
id-dr4'

chair

this

The

remainder

of

your debt

is

1327 English pounds.

miye u sab'a u Ishreen leera

or neera inkleeziye

The peasant-woman supplies us

na ko'oll jobm'a chams wak zibde every week with 5 okiye of butter.
The highwaymen were condemned
in-nashtariye inhakamoo

raart^il-fallah bitdabbirmin shan-

'ishreen sana

esh-shahr

ilo

bi__,l-'^de

tlateen

to

A month

wahad wi^tlateen yom

willa

20 years imprisonment.
has, as a rule, 30 or

3L days,

sometimes

never 32,

28 or 29.

walakin wala marra tnain wi^tu

kteen;

bad marr^t tamanye

u'ishreen willa tis'a u'ishreen yoni

fl

miyet

rati

hatab tamam

There are exactly 100

kindling

fi^l-hosh

ana ftakart il-kobbr arba ta'shar

thought

mitr badal wahad u 'ishreen

es-s^'a ilha sitteen

dakeeka
kol)ll

dakeeka u

ila

sitteen tanye

arb'a u 'ishreen

soomeen
et-tajir

kd'oll

la lail

sk'a.

makhiml

shalabiyat

imbareh wisil tna shar msafir

size

was only

has 60 minutes

and

every minute has 60 seconds.

Every 24 hours are

divided in-

to night

and day.

The merchant sent 17

loads of

oranges to his agent,

bo^ordkan la 'ameelo

Mndik chams irtyet sdbfar

the

rotl of

in the yard.

14 metres instead of 21.

An hour

w^inhar

ba'at saba'tashar

wood

You

(f.)

have 5 beautiful tablecovers-

There arrived yesterday twelve

travellers,

a'dad tarteebiye, taw^reech

w^iksoor.
il-6wwal

byijtaz hada_,l-liadd

illi

Ill

Ordinal Numbers, Dates and

Fractions, cf. 4553
The

who passes

first

tani

yom

tfbsilna la ras ij-jabal

this

line

will be sent back.

byitrajja

On

we reached

second day

the

the top of the mountain.

shoo hoo^l-harf

is-sabi' fee hroof

What

is

the seventh letter of the

alphabet?

alef ba

il-hija or

hoo wisil fee tamanta sh tishreea

He

arrived on the IS'^ of October

il-owwal la filsteen

itjowwazoo

fi

sab'a

neesan sanat

alf

ii

ii

miye

tis'

achooi ir-rabi' fl_s-saff

ii

Have you looked up on what day

of the week the twenty-fifth of
December falls in the comingyear?

ij-jai

ba'daiu

My

brother

ana

min shan hada int is-sadis

sahar Ii bi^l-owwal bi'inno raoosh
raistkeem

ii

the 27*^

of April 1905.

ii

chamse
shottft fee iya yom rain iy^m ijjo"bm'a bikoon il-chamis w_il'ishreen rain shahr kanoon il-

owwal li^s-sana

in Palestine.

They were married on

'ishreen

acheeran lahast

bi

iano kan raltan

the fourth in the

is

and than come

class

You
It

I.

are therefore the sixth.

appeared

to

me

at first

that

he was not truthful; at last

observed that he was only mistaken.

owwal

You

marra inshallah bitkoon karaan

the

intoo t'addaitoo^l-wasij'e

bi_l-6wwal

ma

(plur.)

have transgressed

may

tirae,

first

it

for

be the

acher marra

last time too.

kano"osh yikdaroo

At the beginning they could not

ishobofoo shee rain ish-shita^l-

see

anything

because

fi^l-iyam^il-kadeeme k^noo
Imarrat kteere yiktloo

In ancient

times

the

of

heavy

kateef

rain.

often every

tenth prisoner was killed.

ko'bll 'ashir

aseer
'hadi tani

marra

illi

o"o'lin

feeha_l-

hookm in-niyabe la_sh-shab_il'o'btraani

ilo

keeratain or sihraain

fi

halraolDlk

This

is

the second

stitution

has been
the

He owns two

time a Con-

granted

to

people of Turkey.
karats or shares
of this

property.

112

You

bisihhillak rdbb' il-wirte

one quarter of

will receive

the
chtf'oms^il-majeede arba^ikroosh

tlat

mejeedi

fifth of a

4^5 piastres.

is

ichmas

min tna'sh min is-sana shahr

jiz'

inheritance.

The twelfth part

year

of a

is

month.

ma^ikoou

"ala akall

liadreen

ma

to'oltain

fihmoosh

il-

lafsit

At least two thirds

of those present

misunderstood the word "liberty".

"hoorriye"
jiz'

mia tuain n chamseen min

_.is-

fifty-second part

soods had61_it-teenat m'affin, miu

One

ij-jaish

matoo

koollo

li^l-

sixth 01 these figs

of the

w^in-nooss^it-tane mtVas
tis'

fakad toomu

is^

unripe

and the other half bruised.

One

ninth of

all

the

army

fell

in battle.

The

asakro

decayed;

is

one half

rest

mowkaa
el-ralib

is

a week.

mdbsh mistAve

il-baki^n-ntf'oss

year

of a

saua joom'a

victor lost

one eighth of
his soldiers.

mtfoktaaai tlat irba'^il-

ktfbll

My

whole possession

majeede

wakt

Time and Precentage

u fayed

liadeed

il-

miu^il-

tiYsit

The

54. 55.

train left the station ten

mahatta mitowka 'ashar dakayek

uihua t'achcharDa sarat

is-sa'a

minutes

We

are late,

owlad biroohoo^s-sa a tamanye

ilia rtfbb' 'ala

tchoothoon u

bikoomoo

sitte

quarter past

The

children

quarter

and

eight,

to

is-sa'a

"chamse u

sitt

rise at

half-past six.

Did you say,

it is

already after

chamse?
iwa Sarat

7.

go to bed at a

u uobss

koblt iuaa sarat is-sa'a aktar miu

late.

already a

it is

sab'a u robb'
il

three

quarters of a mejeedi.

cf.

sikket

is

five o'clock?

Yes,

it

is

six

minutes past

five-

dakayek
sa'ti

wakfe kaddaish es-sa'a?

My

watch

stopped,

what time
is

issa_s-sobhr

It is

sa'tak masbobta?

Is

noon now.

your watch right?

it?


sk'ti

My

daiman btitachchar

s&'tik 'adatan bitsabbikorbitkaddim

esli-sliams ba'd

113

ma rabatsh
ma saratsh

u mia shan hada ba d

watch always loses.

Your (f.) watch is generally fast.
The Sim has not yet set and
therefore

it is

not yet six o'clock.

is-sa'a sitte

bitreed

f eerni

or tikridui

masare?

iwa kaddaish biddak?

hada

mit'allik min^il-fayid

illi

btitlbo

ida kdlDQt bta'teeni rahn mleeh

ba teek

il

mablar

chamse

bi

miye

kol3ll

me money?
how much do you wish?

Will you lend

Yes,

That depends upon what percentage you ask.

If you can give me a good
security,

fl^l-

I shall give the

at 570 per

sana

btikdarsh ta'milhtf'on tlate u no'oss

Can you not make

it

sum

annum.

37-2

7^

fl^l-miye ?

hada mo'osh mtfbmkin aktar

mdaineen byitlboo
il-ba'd byitlboo

tis'a

il-

moneylenders demand 97o, some ask

double or treble as much.

That

fl^l-miye

marrtain

ow

tlat

is

impossible, most

marrat aktar
laish inti

boo chood il-masare bi

arba'a u uot)ss fl^^l-miye?

chiyatti^l-chyata

takain?

'a

Because

have sewn

The

taui or

The

it triple.

ants entered the ant-hill one

by one

et-tanye 'ala wikr en-naml

wahad ba'd^itwahad wahad halkaneen

money

472 7o.
Have you sewn the seam doubled?

in-naml fatoo bi saff taweel wahde

rij'oo^l-harbeeu

you, take the

at

chiyatta 'ala tlat took

baM

it is

in a long procession.

fugitives returned one

by

one, exhausted and disheartened.

u ya'saneen

wahad u
haday^koom
marra wahde razale

kaddmoo wahad

ba'd

one after the other

and receive your presents.

Step near,

cho'bdoo

ana

sho^oft.bass

kanoo yiushafoo jama'at

II

tlati tlati

have seen a gazelle only once.

They appeared

and

arba'a arba'a

m'allmo a'tah marrtain aktar miu

ma

byisthikk

in troops of threes

His master gave him double

what he earned.

Prepositions c/". 62 sqq.

jobmal ma' harf ij-jarr 'ala. Phrases compounded with
'aib 'alaik

A Manual

of Palestinean Arabic.

fours.

It is a

shame

for you.

-ala

114

does not matter.

ma'laish

It

'ala hal-kaifiye

In this manner.

id-dor 'alaina

It is

'ala

mahlak ya

mashait

'ala

driver!
Slowly
I have walked slowly.

'arbaji

mahli

ana mtfbsh mirtah

'ala

our turn.

yaddha

am

anxious concerning her.

"ala^s-sakt or 'as-sakt

Silent!

'ala or liasab sinni

According to

'ala

my

opinion.

At your expense.

hsabak

chafeef or sihiP or hiyin^ 'alaik

tkeeP or

in silence).

(lit:

sa'ib'^

It is

easy for you.

It is difficult for them.

'alaiho'om

In vain

'ala^l-balash or 'al-fadi

[lit:

nothing or upon

for

the emptiness).

amrak

'ala rasi or taht

At your order

(lit:

upon my head

or under your command).

At your pleasure.
They have to make two examples.

"ala kaifak

yamloo hsabain

'alaihobm

Have we

'alaina mteele la bobkra?

a lesson to do

for to-

morrow?

Have we anything to pay?

You owe fifty mejeedi.
Do not lie to us!

^alaina nidfa' ishi?

chamseen majeede dain

'alaiktfbm

la tikdib 'alaina!
'ala
'k\3i

kooU hal mleeh minnak haik

meen shakait?

sabb immo

'ala

In any case,

Whom
He

aboo

it

is

good

cursed his mother

father

of you.

did you denounce?

{i.

upon

his

mother as well as

e.

father^).

marra

'ala

Time after time.

I met him in the road.
Every one has duties.

marra

lakaito 'ala^d-darb
kobll insan 'alaih w^jbat

"Toberight", "to be wrong",

"to owe", "ought" (i.e. duty).
cf.

ma kansh mleeh minnak

titla'

la

70.

innak

halak la barra ba d

ma

It

was wrong

alone after

it

you to go out
had become dark.

of

sar 'itme
mental aud physical

mental.

-*

a fretiuent cui'se

115

hakyak kan ralat kan mabne 'ala

tso*OAvir marloot or 'ala snoon

Your assertion {lit: speech) was

wrong, it was based upon a false
impression.

ma o^l-hakk

k4n

iniio

yitrikhoon

He was

ma' 'adam ikboolhd{)m hada

'alainaba'd la_,l-biya

charaseeu

la^r-rajobl ida kan

ilo 'alaik

We

owe

still

the merchant

ijeeb il-makateeb

you owe him

if

anything.

Who

is-sa'a

ktf'oll

yom

ma

limmin

biktfbnsh

maak hakk

tjarra' hatta ti'tirif feeh

daiman wajbat eshsliobkr nahoo illi 'allamooh

ma hadan byikdar ikool ma 'alaiyi
wala ishi min il-wajbat la hadan
il-insan 'alaih

il-insan

illi

You ought

ma o hakk lazim ikoon

illi ma kansh ma'o

We

owe

ralat

Man

'

be ready every
at seven o'clock.

are

in the

wrong,

always owe a debt

will

of

gratitude to those who taught him.

No one can

say,

do not

owe

anything to any one.

The man who

is

in the

right

should be generous to the one

who was
I

wrong.

in the

owe you an apology

for the

mistake which

i'milto

illi

to

gratitude to our parents.

When you

hakk
akaddim lak Idri 'ala_l-

have fetched the

have the courage to acknowledge it.

shareef nahoo

'alaiyi

to

morning

sab'a chalseen

mady ooneen la ahilna bi^sh-shdokr

ought

letters from the post-office?

min^il-bosta?

wajbatkobn tkoonoo

fifty

francs for velvet.

Pay the man

ishi

meen k4n lazim

in

spite of their protestations.

frank mdbchmal
idfa'

leave them

right to

made.

Compound Prepositions
Adverbs, N egatious etc.
7286.
it-tyoor

illi

taireen fok nsoora

The

birds which are flying over-

head are eaglesilli

'ammalak

tamalo didd

il-

What you

are doing

kanoon
mashaina

"ala

darb^il-karrosa^l-

fok^niye badal it-tahtaniye

fee
fi

mobddit ish-shita mno^osko^on

l-obwad^ij-jo^bwaniyat

laish

il-barraniyat bardat kteer

is

contrary

to the law.

We

took

{lit:

we walked)

the

upper road instead of the lower.

During the winter we live in

the inner rooms because the
outer rooms are too cold.

^
kablma nisal

lal-maliall

illi

116

btinfsil

Before we reached the place

where the road

feeh darb il-karrosa nbaratna

min

ba'd bakkeer

la titiiknash issa

limmin marakna 'an id-dral fazz

acliooi

shiftisb

min zamau

suddenly sprang- out

I

have not seen

my

taweel

kan wakif kbal is-soor

(ir-rab'a)

we
rain.

Do not yet leave us, it is still early.

As we passed the bushes a wolf

minbaiiihobm'alafardmarradeeb

ma

divides,

were overtaken by

ish-shita

them.

of

brother for

a long time.

He

stood opposite the wall (dry

wall).

imshi'alahad-darb dobrre umrfftsh

mdbmkin
il-badawi

tirlat 'an il-mahall

ija la

hon hatta

ifar-

Follow

you cannot miss the place.

The Bedu came hither to show
us what he had caught.

jeena shoo misik

fee

hadak

il-wadi

rad

fee

'aia

and

this path straight

In yonder valley

is

a fine spring.

mleeha
ta'al la

hon 'ala^l-harik

ii

ma

Come here

and

at once

do not

tit'achcharsh

owwal ma

shoorlak

tobchlo^os

rooh la jihhit el-mdeene

limmin kauat tistansir

ni'sat

delay.

As soon

you have finished

your work, go towards the town.
as

While she was waiting she

fell

asleep.
a'teeni

kadd

matrah

ma

ma

Give me as much as you have

a'taito

given him.
bitkoon, koon
'ala

daiman

Wherever you

are be on your

guard.

i.iadar

ya 'arbaji challi^l-chail timshi 'ala

mahlha id-darb charbane kteer

Driver,

kablhabiyomtsharrafna

Ou

bi zyarto

walk the horses; the

road

is

the previous day

too rough.

we had

pleasure of his
el-m'allim kllafni cho'bsoosi hatta

adeer ball

'ala slooko

is-sabi tkasas hadi 1-marra birair

The teacher

id-dra' min hada^l-bo'brko'o''

tm^n rroosh taraam

kaddaish talab bi hadol il-'inbat?

me

especially

watch over his conduct.

The boy was punished unjustly
to

hakk
taman

told

the

visit.

this time.

The

price of a dra of this veiling

is exactly 8Y2 piasters.

How^ much did he demand for

these grapes?

117

il-ookiye bi nd'oss rirsh walakin an?

Half a piaster an okiye, but

The enemy

il-'adoo jarrab 'al-balash inuo

ma

tried vainly to get

possession of the fortress.

3'ihtall_il-kal a

bass min shaja'et il-k4yed

was only by the courage

It

of

the leader that the expedition

hilkatsh^^il-hamj'e

did not

Do

isma' baka "ala iiiashooret nks

laish

experienced people.

Why

amartobn iroohoo
kaddamli kafai mashobrat mleeha

amma ana yamm

bala wasayet

are they

still

here?

ordered them to leave.

He gave me enough good advice

am entirely without means

but I

to avail

hatta asta'milhobn

muit'ammal innak "an kareeb

It is to

myself of

was unavoidably delayed

bi

We

l-6wwal wahdna

in

attending the ceremony.

hatta ihdar^il-ihtif&l

kdbnna

your

plans.

il-'amal

kansh mo'bmkinni a'mal shi

it.

be hoped that soon you

will be able to carry out

blikdar tichrij afkarak la hijiz

ma

fail.

to the advice of

listen

miclitibreen

ba'dhoon hon ba'd? ana

consider this too much.

bashoof hada kteer kteer

walakin ba'd moodde kaseere

were at first alone, but soon

we were joined by the rest.

indammoo_,l-bakyeen ma'na
rahoo sawa 'ala_l-bait
il-hsan

wahdo marak 'anna

mitl

They walked together to the house.

The horse alone ran past us
like

il-bark

ma

tinkihirsh bi hal-mookdar

ma

Do

not be so cross,

ma lammatsh

kisar^il-finjan

was not

done intentionally.

n'amalsh bi_l-arade
ba'd

lightning.
it

Has she not yet gathered together

the fragments of the cup?

amtal 'ala "rair"

rami

il-bahr rair kabil il-'add

Illustrations with

The sands

rair

of the sea are

innumerable,

mbbmkin inni arobh_,il-yom It is impossible that I go to-day.

Are there still other books here?
fee kaman rair ko'btb hon
meen rairna sowwat la hal-mas'ale? Who besides ourselves has voted

rair

for this

matter?


ma

biddosh

kabl

ibattil

118

He

ma

he has

will not stop imtil

finished,

yoochlol)s

ma

hadansh rairak biseer

None beside you may

ifoot la

enter.

jdbwa

Interjections and Exclamations

c/".

ya nas ma smi'toosh srach

87-89.

il-

men! have you not heard the

waja?

ma ahsan

hadi is-soora, il-hiwan

cry of distress?

How

ma

ashlab mashyitha bibiyin shi

inna btid'as 'al-ard

beautiful

the picture, the

is

animal appears to be alive!

bibiyin ka'inno tiyib

How

graceful

is

her

she

walk,

scarcely seems to touch the earth!

y^ biye keef is-sama 'an kareeb

yiji raMiye

How

ma

How

threatening

-how!)

my father

{lit:

the sky! there will

is

soon be a storm.

mask^il-

ajra" hal-kalb bi

courageous of this dog,

haramiye

ya raitua nikdar inshoofo kaman

marra

that

ya raitna nlakeeh kabl ma

that

iseer

we were

akbaro

jtieen

ana ftakart inna

inshoof

rajo'ol

we might

shoo

before

How

old!

'obmro chamseen

yk wailna!

rai-

see a

darb,

find
it

him

is

too late.

thought we should

man

of fifty years.

sana

i'milna hatta

Woe

is

us!

biseebna haik?

ya wail^il-oblad

able to see him

once more!

wachri kteer

ma

to

attack the thieves!

dowwa'oo^d-

wik'oo fl^l-m^i u pirkoo

what have we done

to

deserve this?

Alas, the children, they lost the

way,

fell

into the water and

were

drowned!
shoo or keef, hakk

riji'

'ala baito

baM hal-raibe^t-taweele?

What!

is

it

true that he has

returned home after so long an

absence?
aha!

'idt "rift

acheeran inn

ahsan min ko'bbr

it-ta'a

ir-ras?

Well! have you at last come to

conclusion

the
is

that obedience

better than disobedience?

119

Comparative and Superlative

Degrees, cf. 9098
kd'oll

ma

sar il-wahad ya'rif aktar

ma kan

ko'bll

a'dab

iyah atwal u armak nahr

koolli

The more a person knows the

more modest he will be.
Tell me what is the longest and
deepest river in Palestine.

fee filsteen?

achaff mteele

man

ma

ma

bitkdbnsh dai-

il-marroobe aktar

ma

mansar
{or 'indna)

easiest task

How

sho'ofto

beautiful

it is

We

imbareh

is

a la hat-

not always

this view!

the finest I have ever seen.

had yesterday the hottest

ashwab yom fl^s-sana

htfbtt il-lahme 'ala raif

is

the most desirable.

ikoon

ajmal hal^mansar hoo ajmal

kan 'inna

The

day

of the year.

Put the meat on a higher

shelf,

ta^l-bsasmayikdarooshyachdooha so that the cats may not take it.

il-kamh hada^Kam archas min Wheat is cheaper this year than

IKam el-made amma^ sh-sh'eer aria

il-chail

byimshoo

"ajale

kteer

but barley

last,

The horses

is

dearer.

are running too

fast,

shiddoolhoom iljamathd'om shwi

pull (plur.) in their reins a little.

ma wsilna abkar 'al-madafe

ktfbll ma kan 'indna wakt aktar

The sooner we reach the guesthouse the more time we shall

ko^oll

have to

hatta nirtah
ktfbll

ma

tark 'obsharak

'ajjalt bi

ma kan

il-hobmmal kobll

companions the better

ahsan

'oomri friht bi

yom

mitl hal-

the

It is true,

min^il-'ateeka or kadeeme

ma

is

ma

bikirrilho'bn
Yki

'al-kaleele lazim titrik

more than to-day.

The cook

is

very economical in
the use of butter.

They

talk too

abadan

in-namm

new government

better than the old.

iz-zibde

byihkoo kteer u

will

have never enjoyed any day

yom
it-tabbach biwaffir kteer bi achd

it

be for you.

ilak

saheeh^il-likobme^j-jdeede ahsan

rest.

The sooner you leave your bad

much and never

reach a decision.

At the

least

you might

refrain

from slander.
sahl sarona achsab aktar kteer

min

ij-jbal

illi

hoi il-koods

The Plain of Sharon is much

more fertile than the mountains
round Jerusalem.


hada^l-bait

120
This bouse

kteer lazim

ritib

is

idoorak hals

bi hals, u

ma

btich-

makasdak il-hakeekiye

feesh

we must

too damp,

indowwir 'ala waliad nashif aktar

seek a dryer one.

Your excuses
lies

{lit:

are obvious lies

witb

and do not

lies)

bide your real intentions.

has-s.ko

ma

immaza' kteer
t'tf'odsh

tamaa

'al-kteer rkibna

kiddamna

fee

Tbis coat

is

mucb

too

not

tsallho

sa'at

ii

ba'd

'al-kaleele tlat sa'at

We

torn,

do

mend

it.

bave ridden at tbe most,

eight hours, and bave

at

still

least three hours before us.

ma

One cannot be

byikdarsh il-wahad ikoon

hidir

kotdl

iutichab cbadim

ikfai fee

ma

a'man

ktfbut

ktfbll

ma

arna minnak
fee ida

amma

careful in

choosing a servant.

The more

you are the

faithful

more contented you

kd'ont mirtali aktar

hadol^in-nas mo'omkin ikoonoo

too

will be.

These people may be richer than

ana basbikk

you, but I doubt whether they

molDmkia ikoonoo as'ad

can be happier than you.

minnak
shoorlak^il-acheer mo'osh mleeh

Your

last

work

is

less

kadd^il-owwal
koon

arjal

walakin

ma

tif addash

the

first.

Be more manly, but never over-

ihdoodak abadan

step your bounds.

He presumed

ittakal kteer 'ala lataflt jaro

good than

much upon

too

the

good-nature of bis neighbour.

afkar waliad boo

illi

fakad tikat

ashabo

The most

destitute

is

who

he,

has lost the confidence of his

friends.

kobll

ma

shdbrl

stajal^il-wahad bi^sbko'oll

ma marr

The

faster one

works tbe quicker

the hours pass.

il-wakt
a'jal

hada aktar

mimma

ilak

hakk

This

is

more than you dared

bada chabar ahsau mimma

ko'ont

It is better

news than

insan

ma

biko^onsh daiman
asA,bh

insau

expected.

antisir

akwa

to

hope.

tintisir

The strongest man

is

not always

the healthiest.

121

il-mawad

sifat bitchdbss

w^il-i'yoob w^il-alwan

Adjectives of Materials

Physical Defects and Colours

cf.

hada

fo'ostan

min sobf

This

hee labse wazra min liareer

'inna or

Mndna sharashif kittan

il-oolad labseen awa'e kittan

ir-rajo"ol

dachchan

fee ralyoon

min

183.

a woollen dress.

is

wearing a

She

is

We

have linen bed-sheets.

silk apron.

The boys are wearing cotton suits.

The man smoked a silver pipe.

fidda
farjani shakfet

Mmle min dahab

byakloo

il-fallaheen

bi

mala'ek

He showed me a gold coin.

The peasants eat with wooden

chashab

spoons.

heetan

The house which we are building

min hajar
Mnna wjak min hadeed fee
odatna^s-sookna
jabat li Mlbe min kartoon ma' inni
talabt wahde min chashab

has stone walls.

il-bait

illi

'am nibneeii

ilo

finjan^in-nasik kan min trab

We

have an iron stove in our

sitting-room.

She brought me a paper box

though

The cup

asked

for a

wooden

one.

hermit was of

of the

earthenware.

hzam min jild w^illi

i!ak min soof
ma byilzamnash awani min nhas
ii-malik sakin fi kasr min racham
sarj hsani ilo

The saddle

of

my

horse has a

leathern girth, yours a woollen one.

We

do not need brass dishes.

The king dwells

in a

marble
palace.

is-sama

ila fi^s-saif Ion

azrak

The sky

is

in

summer

kteer
ish-shalihad a'war bi *aino^l-

of

a deep

blue colour-

The beggar

is

blind in his righ^

yameen
hoo kan atrash min limmin wilid
arjeeni^z-zhoor^il-beed

illi

bi

kishrat hadol^il-baidat

kasheen

bi

eedak

mnak-

nookat so'bmr

iz-zibde safra mitl^id-dahab

jild

il-'abeed

aswad

lameeu hadi_l-faras iz-zarka

A

ManuEil of Palestinean Arabic.

eye.

He was deaf from

Show me the white

his birth.

flowers which

are in your hand.

The

shells of these eggs are

sprinkled with

Butter

is

yellow

brown

spots-

like gold.

Negroes have a black skin.

Whose grey mare

is

this?
10

Derived Forms, cf. 132 sq,

n Form: cf, 134-137.

il-mazeedat
fa''a):
harraj 'alaina hatta

122

ma

ua'malsh

He

forbade us distiuctly to do

shee abadan
farrir

il-fallah

anything.

Empty

barmeel^il-chall

the vinegar-barrel.

The peasant has

kassar^il-hatab

split the

wood

porcupine and a badger

kowwast uees w^irrairi

bfowwi kalbkcfon fi^l-lail?

Does your dog bark

in-nowar bya'rfoo itabbloo

The

gipsies

ij-jarad bicharrib

The

locusts destroy everything

I shot a

at night?

know how

to play

the drum.
ko^'oll

ishi

Do not smoke much.

Remind me, if I should

la^tdachchinsh kteer
fattinui ida nseet

fa'al:

Ill

Form:

cf.

forget.

138140.

bihasib 'ala achir bara

He

hal-walad bihibb ish^mit

This child loves to quarrel.

la tkatilsh ktfbll iiisan

Do not quarrel
He always tries

boo daiman

biliawil

yimloos

takes his due to the last para.

with

everybody.

to shirk his

work.

min^isb-shobrl

meen

bi'alij

Who

achook il-mareed?

is

attending your sick

brother?

You must

mtfbsh lazim it'ando

not be disobedient to
him.

bitreed itkatibni

mia mdbdde

la

Will you write to

me

mdbdde?

from time
to

time?

nihna sharatn^k

We

haz-zalame

This man haggles much as to price.

have made a bet

(or agree-

ment) with you.

bifasil kteer

Our teacher

m'allimna bi amilna mleeh

treats us

IV Form:

afal:

cf.

well.

141.

atla'na^l-bahri 'al-barr

The boatman has brought us to

imbareh amtarat^ed-dobnya

It

iktarab minna^l-cbatar

The danger lias come nearer to us.

The newspapers have announced

the land-

ij-jarayed

a'lauat id-dastoor

il-

rained yesterday.

the Osmanli Constitution.

123

atlakat ashjar ir-rtf'omman

The pomegranate

aftarna^l-yom sabr

We

akaltoo lahm razal?

Have you eaten

trees have

budded.

have breakfasted on pricklypears to-day.

la

Do

tihmloosh wajbatktfbn

gazelle meat?

not neglect 3'onr duties.

Have you explained

afhamto^l-lisab?

to

him the

arithmetical example?
fareed bi'anis kteer mleeh

Fareed

tafa'^al:
ithazzar

meen

jai?

itfakkar b^illi biddak tihkeeh

tchiyib

min hon

is

very entertaining.

Form-.cf. 142.

Guess tvho is coming?

Think of what you wish to say.
Take yourself away from here.

iut btitkabbar 'alaina

You will make progress by and

You show yourself haughty

hada^l-chashabbyitcharrat mleeh

ward us.
This wood can be easily worked

il-yachoor lazim yit azzal

The [horse-] stable must be cleaned.

hadi_,t-tanjara lazim titbiyad

This metal pot must be tinned.

btitkaddam shwi shwi

by.
to-

by the joiner.

ala hal-hal rayih id-dalo yitkassar

In this

manner the

[well-]

bucket

will be broken.

beerna lazim yitfarrar hadi^s-sana

Our

cistern

must be emptied

this

year.

tafa'al:
la

VI.

Do
Be

twachidna ya seedi

tshataroo ya
hotim

ooUd

daiman

byitfacharoo bi

Form:

not take

it

bihibb

yitnazal 'an

143.

amiss in us, Sir!

children!

diligent,

They

are always

None

likes

loomho'on

ma hadan

cf.

proud

of their

studies.
to

forego his rights.

hkobko
bidna^l-yom nitsabak sowa sowa

We

itkasalt la issa kteer

You have been now lazy enough.

Do you wish that we enter into

bitreed nitsharak ma' ba'd?

will race together to-day.

partnership ?

124
hadi ^1-mdeene

mobsh mo'omkiu

It

is

impossible to besiege

itsahabna ma' akbar a'daua

this

town,

tithasar

We

have made friends with our

greatest enemies.

Vir

infa'al
injarah^il-'askari bi rijlo

The

Form:

144.

cf.

wounded

been

soldier has

in his foot.

insarakat dikkanit 'eesa moosa

The land has been ploughed.

The shop of Isa Musa has been

in'azal^ il-ma'moor

The

inharatat^il-ard

robbed.

intalabt

la_l-mahkame

official

have

has been

dismissed.

been cited to the court.

inchada't feek

was mistaken

insalabt min ihkooki

have been robbed

injabart a'mal haik

in'azamt imbareli

was compelled to act thus.

was invited yesterday.

ifta'al:

VIII

Form:

in you.
of

my

rights.

cf.%% 145148.

intasarnakoom imbareh

We have approached the mountain.

We expected you yesterday.

rajool almaui ichtara' faun it-tab'

A German

iktarabna laj-jabal

invented

the

art of

printing.

ishtabakat uar^il-harb
istalam

waseefto

iftakar fee achir

iyam hayato

The torch of war was burning.

Ke assumed office.
He became poor in the last days
of his life.

ishta'alat in-nar

iftakaroo feena
if'all:

ihmarrat^il-bandora
ichdarr^il-hakl

ibyadd il-kmash

The fire burnt.

They thought of

IX Form:

us.

cf.% 149.

The tomatoes have become red.

The field has become green.
The stuff (woven) has become
white.

isfarrat

owrak

il-ashjar

The leaves

of the

trees have

become yellow.
isw^dd id-dhan kteer

The colour has become very

dark.

125
i'wajj

His thought has become distorted.

fikro

Twarrat 'aino^il-yameen

He

izrakket is-sama

became blind in his right

The sky has become blue.

X Form:

istaf al

eye

lost his right

he

(lit:

eye).

150153.

cf.

istakbalna mleeh la achir daraje

He

istansartak tlat sa'at

taffartni la achir daraje

You have

istajalua kteer

We have hurried ourselves greatly.

We used all our strength.
We enquired after you.

ista'malna

kot)ll

ko'odritna

istachbarna 'annak

received us very

have waited

hada^r-ajo^bl ista'jar baiti

This

il-mareed istafrar

The

kolDll

shi

man

for

tried

my

hired

well.

you three hours.

me very much.

house.

sick person vomitted every-

thing.
istarjaitoo tsafroo

Did you dare

l-lail?

fi

by night?

Verbs with four Radicals.

fa'lal:

154.

cf.

marmar

to travel

Your thought pleased him.

istahsan fikrak?

He

'eeshto bi eedo

himself

embittered his

own
life.

meen bya'ret
moosh lazim

ifalfil

Who knows

roozz?

itdahrij

ihjar 'al-

[how] to steam rice?

You must not

roll

stones into

wad
laish
'arbij

bitshamshim

mleeh ya

kol3ll

ishi?

'arbaji

the valley.

Why

do you smell at everything?

Drive well, o driver.

tmachmad ko^oll yom marrtain

meen illi tabtablak ala sahrak

Who

btikdar tzahzihna min matrahna?

Can you

Gargle twice daily.

patted you on the back?
shift

us

(i.

e.

by

lifting)

from our place?

laish bitcharbish haik?

Why

do you scratch so? (only

used of the pen).

tafa'lal:

ko^oll

ishi lazim

yitmasmar mleeh

Verbs

of four Radicals
with the Prefix t.

Everything must be well nailed.

126

suauak byitchalchaloo

Your teeth are

md'osh mleeh titbarbak

It is

loose.

not nice to pretend that

you are so badly

moToshmleehitshatshit^it-tabeech

It is not nice to let food spill

on to the

'al-ard

laish

daiman bitkzakizcala snanak?

oft.

Why

floor.

do you always clench the

teeth?

bal-hajar

mtfbsh

mobmkin
za'za'

yit-

It is impossible to

move this

stone.

abadan

The seeds

habb. ir-robmman itfarfat

pomegranate

of the

have been taken out

of their

husks.

Do

ya walad

la titsarsabsh

With what has

min aish tbalbal id-daftar?

my

not be frightened

boy.

the copy-book

been wetted?
stfb'alat

Inquiries as to Health

'anis-sihha

halobmma jarran.

etc.

keef halak or int or sahbtak

il-hamdillali

bafainmal or inshallah bitkoon

inshallah fafait

How

are you?

Thank God,

kteer mleeh

mabsoot?
min ra btak

quite

well.

hope

hope that you have recovered

(or

if it

please God,) that

you are well?

from your

bitshoof halak issa shwi ahsan?

Do you

mamnoon

Thank you

or kattir chairak

hamdilla

il-

sihliti rij'at li

my

find

{lit:

fright.

see) yourself a

little better now?

am well again {lit:

health has returned to me).

keef ahwal il-mitshowwish?

How

sihhet abook 'am btithassau?

Does your father make progress

are things going

with the
invalid?

in

mamnoon la sot)'alak, 'am byit iiassan Thank you

shwi shwi

towwalat kteer hatta

rij'atlo'afeeto

he

for
is

recovery?

your kind enquiry

progressing slowly.

His recovery took a long time.

keef hatta sihrak 'owwar halo?

How

hs4no

His horse shied and he

did your brother-in-law

injure himself?

jifil

wiki' 'al-ard

fell.

127

jroohak byishfoo 'an kareeb

Your wounds

na'am

Yes, the scratches on

ij-jarab

illi

kawam, amma

fi

biteeb

rijli

ij-joorh

illi

fi

amma

mdayaka kteer min faksh mafsal

challeek hadi u ana achiyit lak

jbbrhak

bahimha btikdar

She

is free

from pain, but greatly

inconvenienced by the dislocation

of her wrist.

must put on a bandage.

Keep quiet while I sew up
your wound.
She got a thorn in her thumb
can you pull

tsheela?

il-habbe^l-m'ammleflobsba'ak_^il-

wastani lazim

my

We

lazim nobrbobtha bi rabta

fl

leg will

your grandmother suffering

much pain?

eedha

fatlha nasra

my

cheek will take longer.

Is

hee chalye min^il-waja',

soon be healed.

heal quickly, but the cut in

wijhi bilowwil aktar

mit'allmi sittak kteer?

will

it

out?

The gathering on your middlemust be lanced.

your mother in-law?

finger

tinfitih

shoo mal') mart 'ammak?

What

rasa byo"bja ha kteer

She

is

Put

(f.)

ails

suffering from a severe

headache.
ho^otti

lazka barde

'ala jibhtik

w^itjannabi^ish-shamsil-Mmye
u ba'dain bitteebi kawam

a cold compress on your

forehead and stay out of the

hot sun and you will soon be
better.

nassfi^j-jolDrh bit'inni bi

mai

fatre

Cleanse the wound carefully with

luke-warm water.

ma

'dbmrak tikbal inn ifoot shee

bi jo'brh

bitteeboo 'an kareeb

'oomrak tikshir kishrit

w j o'brh,

not allow anything to get

into an open

maftobh

ida kot)ntoo tamaloo hasab amri

ma

Do

jdbrli

aish moomkin y itsabbab

they will follow

If

my

they will soon be well again.

Never scratch a scar or wound,

it

may

easily produce blood-

'anno tsimmim
la tshilsh har-rabta hatta a'dinlak

poisoning.

Do

not remove this bandage

until I allow

ta'malo
hi da'boblet

dowa, hee btinfa'ak

wound.

orders

Here

is

a tabloid,

you
it

to do

it.

will relieve

you.

1*

cf.

22. Addenda.

128

dowwibhad-dawa bimai w^ishrab Dissolve

tlat

ma

yom min^iddowa_l- mdowwab

mobchtir hee ma'ha

and take

marrat kooll

fish

ishi

this medicine

the

water

in

three

solution

times a day.
It is

nothing serious,

she

is

suffering from a temporary

taja"obk wakti

in-

disposition.

il-mareed lazira yibka nayim hadi

Here are drops, put one drop

into each eye every two hours.
The patient must lie quiet for a

akammin yom

few days.

hi katra o'oktri

nobkta

kooll 'ain

fl

sa'taiu

ko^bll

kan mai hobmma^j-jobm'a^lmadye, amma^l-liakeem a'tani

dawa

had fever

When
The

chod had-da'boole sa'a kabl

ow

thing before she goes

to bed.

Take the

tabloids either an hour

before or an hour after meals.

ba'd^il-akl

kadaish sarla ma'o hal-kahha?

How

kan ikd'ohh mobdde taweele

He

long has he already had

this

silihtik

mo'bsh mill

ma

lazim,

lazim itdeeri balik aktar

deer balak hatta

rijlaik

ma

yinballoosh

fl

jadari fi^l-

will get a cold in the

There was small-pox

ma

sar waja' snauak ahsan

last year.
If

hakeem

"an kareeb rooli la 'iud

head.

in Jerusalem

koods
ida

cough V

has been coughing a long time.

Your health is not what it ought

to be, you must take greater care.
Take care not to get wet, for you

willa bitrfishshih

is-sana il-madye kkn

which

shall she take the medicine?

last

tacht

'at

but the

quinine

cured me.

lazim tochdo ^chir ko^oU ishi kabl

trooh

me

nifi'ni

illi

aimta lazim tochod^^id-dowa?

ma

week,

last

doctor gave

your

tootl'.ache

soon,

is

not

better

go to a dentist.

is-snan

waram

rijlak jai rain faksh

mafsal

The swelling on your

to the spraining of

rijlak

bard baseet bisabbib

fl

manach

simple cold will often produce

fever and chill in this climate.

hal-blad marrat kteere bardiye

foot is due

your ankle.

hoomma

kan at 'an kareeb tirma lammau

She was near fainting when she

heard the bad news.,

sim'at il-achbar il-'atle

bat'ammal tseer 'au kareeb ahsan

hope you

will

soon be

better.'

129

He

ma'o ftkk u min shan hada moosh

l&zim yihmil hmal tkeele

has a rupture and therefore

he must not carry heavy burdens.

Travel by Train.

safar fi^s-sikke
ana bareed

as&flr 'ala yafa

aimtan'

wish to ^0 to Jaifa, when does

btimshi^s-sikke?
es-sikke bitsafir es-sa'a tl^te 'arabi

the train leave?

The

train leaves at 3 o'clock in

the morning, Arabic time.

fl^s-stf'obh

hadi bit'adil iya sa'a franjiye?

What hour

esh-shams

The sun

that according to

is

European time?
u

u min shan hada bitkoon

noiDSS

es-sa'a

btitla' issa es-sa'a sitte

now

rises

at 6.30 so

that the third hour, Arabic,

is

9.30 European.

tlate 'arabiye m'adle

la^s-sa'a tis'a u nooss franjiye

bikoon mleeh ida bitdabbir hatta

ikoou Indak srafe laishinn
bibee" il-bilyettat

You had

better

supply yourself

with change, as the ticket clerk

illi

moosh majboor

not obliged to change money.

is

yoosrdof masare
kallif

chatrak a'teeni bilyett la yafa

bi iya daraje bithibb

Ida kan

fi

Please give

What

itsaflr?

tlat darajat, baliibb

If

me

class do

a ticket for Jaffa.

you wish

arooh fl^t-tanje

il-msafreen

fl

to

We

'indna bass darjatain minshan

It is possible

then to travel

second class?
It is

kteere byinzihim el-wahad ma'

not very pleasant,

(lit

is

pressed) with all sorts.

In that case, give

fi^d-daraje^l-oola

bahibb ikoon

'indi bilyett

min

me

a ticket for

the

first class.

should like to have a return-

shan_ir-raj'a
la

btichdim bass la yoniain. ya'ne

talit

yom min

ba'd

ma

tachod

il-

bilyett lazim tirja"

'*

ticket.

How many

akamm min yom btichdim?

as one

comes into close contact

often

nas min jamee' esh-shislian

laish inn il-hal haik a teeui bilyett

for

passengers on this railway.

tanye?
mo^bsh kteer makbool laish amrar

go second.

have only two classes

has-sikke

moljmkin yitsafar fi_d-daraje_t-

to travel?

there are three classes, I wish

It lasts
is,

days does

it

last?

only for two days; that

on the third day after you

take the ticket you must return.

or aimta.

A Manual

of Palestiuean Arabic.

11

130

Mda ma
Ml.

bikaffeesh 'ala

ktfbll

il-bilyett lazim tichdim 'al-

That

kaleeletlat^iyam miu yomachdha

by no means enough.

is

ticket should be

at least three

available for

days from

full

the day of issue.

killet

ma

biy'tnoo bi^rahet^il-

msafreeu

fi

baftkir iniio lazim il-wahad isallira

bi^l-ishi

illi

mtfbsh

The convenience

has-sikke

little

of travellers is

considered by this railway.

suppose one must submit to

what one cannot change.

moomkin
yitriyar

byikdaroo^l-msafreen imarrkoo

Have

shee min^il-'afsh balash?

travellers

any

luggage?

free

can the travellers

(lit:

let slip

through any luggage).

na'am ya seedi walakin bass

Yes

akammiii keelo byitmarrakoo

balash

dbjret ed-darb la^l-

li

sir,

but only a few kilos are

free,

and the rate

{lit:

over the weight which

for

overweight

known)

bizeed 'an^il-'iyar^il-ma'roof

is

high.

is

ralye kteer
fi

Indak

Have you much luggage?

'afsh kteer

Mndi bass sandook kbeer u shwiyet

'afsh

have only one large trunk and

some small hand-luggage.

byiiihimloo bi^l-eed

btikdar tachod

il-'afsh

illi

byinli-

You may

take the hand-luggage

mil bi^l-eed ma'ak "al-'arabiye

into your compartment, your

sandookak lazim

trunk must be put into the van.

yinliatt bi

karroosit

sandookak imwazzan

ii

fl

el-'afsh

'iyar

zayid "an il-ma'roof u lazim

tidfa'

chams fi ankat choosol)siye

chasamt il-keeme illi ilna hakk

Your trunk was weighed. It is

over-weight and you must pay
5 francs extra.

Did you deduct what

na'am ya seedi ana chasamt

kooll

illi

lazim u hi hon waslak

saffar il-babor

owwal marra min

shan mashiwS-sikke?

allowed

is

as free luggage?

feeha?

Yes

sir,

deducted

necessary and here

Has
the

all

is

that

the locomotive whistled,

first

time, for the departure

of the

issa

'ammaloon ya'too 'alame u

ba'd

akammin dakeeka bisaffir

min shan isaflr

il-mo^odeer

il-babor

is

your receipt.

train?

There! they are giving a signal;

and

in a

will

whistle for the train

few minutes the guard

to start.


ya hadret

131

ana rayih
ahowwil fl shee
mat rah?
ya seedi hada^l-babor bibka
il-mtf'odeer

Guard,

la

mishi

ma

bit'dbzsh tinzil

am going

must

'ala yafa lazim

No

to Jaffa;

change any where?

this is a through train

sir,

this locomotive continues

{lit:

going) you need not change.

er-robkb 'al-chail u

Riding and Driving.

fi^l-

'arabiye.
btikdar twasseeni bi mkare mleeh

Can you recommend me a good

and

u byittakal 'alaih?

naam ana

w^had mleeh

ba"raf

faitliful

know

Yes, I

a good one, I

show you

biddi adillak 'ala mahallo

'indak chail lar-rdbkb min shan

mukari [groom]?

Have you

will

his place.

riding-horses on hire?

el-ajar?

na'am ya seedi

chail

'indi

mlah

hada

'kl

Yes

sir,

m'owwadeen
yimshoo rahwan

and

kteer ana bihimmni kteer

That

kteer u kooUhobn

hatta ikoonoo^l-chail mobsh

have very good horses,

tliey

have

all

been trained
to amble.

is

very good.

am

anxious

the animals should not be galled.

m'akwareen
dawabi

byin'tiui

mleelj

feehobm kteer

int bitshoof innou' mitl

fi

ma

koolltillak 'anhou

My

animals are well cared

for,

and you will find that they are

what

represented tliem to be.

ya kamil mashshi^l-chail

Kamil, lead the horses round.

hadol il-chailbibiyin iunomtf'o'tana

These horses seem

feehon mleeh u bibinoo

hobm

kteer

kawaya

ii

kawaya

byikdaroo

isafroo md'odde taweele bidoon

ma

yit'aboo

hal-chail feehoon shee chisle mo'osh

to be well

cared for and appear to be strong.

They

are very strong and can

endure

work

long journeys

for a

(lit:

long time)

much
Have these horses any bad

can

without
fatigue.
liabits?

mleeha?
la

hobm

'S-kleen

ma

mitl^l-ranam

bi'iddoo

wala byirfsoo

hada^l-hsau bibiyin 'aueed

ma

biddobsh yimshi la kot)ddam

1* for inhdbn.

No they

are as gentle as lambs;

they neither bite nor kick.

This horse seems to be stubborn,

he refuses to go on.


hada bass

laish inno

kan

yachoor u min md'odde

132
This

fi_l-

ma

in

is

only because he has been

the stable and has not lately

been saddled.

tsarrajsh
bibiyin

li

inno raddar

arkab

ma bahibbish

'ala

He seems
and

lis^n 'atil

to

me

should

to look vicious;

not

ride

like to

a bad horse.

bakdar a'akkid lak inno ahda

hal-hsan yitsarraj u challi

es-sayes

Have

'indak bass srooj 'arabiye?

franjiye jdad la

la 'iudna srooj

zabayiuna, nihna datna minfaddil

sarj

mleeh laish iuni

inn sahr il-hsan

Have you only Arabic saddles?

No, we have new European
saddles for our customers, but we
ourselves prefei- Arabic saddles.

You must be

ma baridsh

barkab

illi

]i

il-kot)ll.

ilo

horse

shoo jins^il-hadwat

illi

la chailak?

hadwat 'arabiye w^ilba'd hadwat franjiye

shoof hatta ikoonoo^l-hadwat
maknat mleeh fl hal-blad^il-

iiua

badabbir

kol3ll

Sir,

everything

What

'ala

do

of

ride

be galled.

you

will receive

Your

the best.

have

your horses?

the Arabic shoes and

to

it,

that the shoes

kshatat

country a horse can easily lose

his

shoe and get lame.

I shall attend to all these things

promptly.
I

wish to examine the straps

u kassir^er-rakkabe_sh-

of

the stirrups.

er-rakk4bat

towwil er-iakkabe^l-yameeniye

are

well fastened; in this stony

bi^t-tamam
bareed asboof

me

others have the European.

See

u biseer araj
hal-ashya

shoes

Some have

mihjre bidiyi' il-hsan hadot)too

chooife

for

franje horse will also have a European rein.

il-ba'd ilo'bn

bi kooll

which

Be assured

hsanak bikot)n

kaman Ijam

saddle;

that the back of the

not wish

yitdabbar or yif akwar

ahsan min

careful to send

a well-fitting

'alaih

t'akkad ya seedi bisihh lak^il-

let

your groom try him.

srooj 'arabiye

lazim tdeer balak min sh^n tib'at

and

this horse saddled

'indak ijarrib hada

illi

the

is

quietest liorse which can be found.

hsan mtfbmkin yinwajad

challi

can assure you he

Lengthen the right stirrup a

little

and shorten the

left

one.

shamaliye shwi
ib'at il-cbail

il-'dbdad

illi

nakkaitho1:)n ma'

Send the

horses

with

the har-

bdbkra bakkeer es-sa'a

ness (plur). which I have selected

chamse

to-morrow morning at five o'clock.

133

Carriage

il-'arabiye
mdbstafa

ko'olt la

liatta ihiyi^l-

Did you order Mustafa to

prepare the carriage?

'arabiye?

na'am ko'olt^illo (for i\o) amma shaf

Yes,

I told

iiim,

but he found

inn reeshe min^er-riyash kanat

that one of the springs was bro-

maksoora lazim

ken. It has to be mended, before

ma

titsallah kabl

nikdar nista'mil 'arabiyitna

rool.i

fi

wasi

'ala

'arabiye min

the livery-stable-man.

bi'ajjir^il-'arabiyat

illi

hadi^l-'arabiye mobsh mleeha bee

wischa w^iJ-masanid immazza'een

u

we can use our carriage again.

Go and order a carriage from

balyane

'iddit il-chail

This carriage

not good! It

is

dirty, tiie cusliions are torn

the harness of

the horses

is

and
is

falling to pieces.
rajji'

la

'arabeetak ya 'arbaji u kool

m'allmak min shan yib'at

'arabiye nseefe ma' j5z

chail

Take your carriage back,

and

your master

tell

ft

ma

hee mitl

well-harnessed horses.

The

carriage has

wassaita

sook

la jihhit

ramallah

send

a clean carriage with a pair of

Mddithol3n mleeha
il-'arabiye ijat

driver,

to

come and is
you ordered.

as

Drive in

the direction

Ram-

of

allali.

wakkif orhasib'ya arbaji minreed

ninzil

min

shan^in-shoof

we wish

Stop driver!

and examine

lial-

to descend
ruin.

tliis

chirbe

sook la
kol3rbaj

tidribsli
;

il-chail,

bi_,l-

limmin yiuzaloo "an-ettall

la taht

bireedoo^s-sitUt

na'am walakin lazim tintibih aktar

uma
bi

Do

not whip the horses

when going down

hill

titka'sh

koorb^jak

hold

them

wakkifhou!

yirkaboo la
ko'bddam ?

lam'amalt^el-chail

Drive on!

Do

in!

the ladies wish to drivrt further?

Yes, but you must be more careful in

horses

the

management

of the

and do not crack your

whip.

inhar il-chail darb^il-karroosa

mleeha

ft

lazim nisal 'al-'ain kabl

is-so~ohr ho^ouak

ni'lif

il-chail

Urge on the horses,

good and we must reach
tlie

spring before noon, as

to rest there

1*

lit:

settle account.

road

is

the

we wish

and feed the horses.

134
btikdar itdeer_,iKarabiye hou?

shwi fok

biddi ajarrib adeerha

matrah

ma

Can you turn the carriage here?

try to turn

I will

darb il-karrosa shwi

it

little

where the road

further on,

a'rad
il-'arabiye bi^t-

btikdar itdeer
tarjee" la

wara

lakin deer balak

"ala

yadd il-chandak

btil>dar issa

baM ma

tit"

am

u tiski^l-chail

biddna

You can back

the carriage here,

but be caretul not to back too

far

You

on account of the ditch.

will

now

feed and water the

horses and after

"al-balad

nitfarraj

is

wider.

we have
we will

explored this village

nirja' 'al-bait

drive liome again.

At the Hotel.

fi^l-lokanda.
wain il-lokandaji?
ba'att warah "ammalo

Where
bishiyi'

akammin

have sent

ya seedi ana mab-

Good

soot bshoftak shoo btoVmo^br?

is

seeing

some guests.

coming.

is

afternoon,

to see you.

he

for him,
oft

Here, he

allah ma'ko'on

the hotel-keeper?

daif

hiyo jai

fi

is

sir,

How can

am

glad

serve you?

Have you any rooms vacant?

Mndak akammin oda fadye?

na'am ya seedi issa rahat jama'^a

u ana 'indi akammin oda mak-

Yes,

and

sir,

party has just

left

have some pleasant rooms.

boole
ba'ooz oda la

akammin yom

need a room

On which
fi^t-tabik^il-owwal am- Some are

ba'dlio'on

ma^l-ahsan fl^t-tabik

it-tani

hada mlayimni kteer ma bahibb

oda fi^l-ardiye wala taht is-sath

bittooll

hadeek

feelia

'ala^l-liosli

mansar

'ala

darb

hada

darb

wala had^k mUyimni

il-karrosa wil-hosh feehoon

rosh kteer

days.

rooms?

in the first story, but

This suits
like to

me

well. I should not

have a room on the

or under the roof.

This room looks upon the court,

that one has a view of the prin
cipal street.

il-karrosa^l-asli
la

a few

the best rooms are in the second.

ground-floor

hal-o^a

for

floor are the

iya tabik il-dbwad?

fl

Neither the
suits me.

one

The

nor

the other

street

and court

are both too noisy.

hi

hon

rair

oda

'ala^l-

bittdt)!!

w^il-bahr bibiyin

bo'ostau

135

'ala

Here

another room which looks

is

over gardens, and in the distance

you can see

boVd

ma

i&da bi'jibni la achir daraje.

That

ajmal hal-mansar!
il-bait taht

amrak. ba'd nas bifadd-

loo^l-mansar 'ala darb_^il-karrosa walakiu kol)!! v/ahad hasab

doko. ana mabsdot

illi

The house is
Some people
street, but

jdbmli chams kita'

tikram yk seedi!

am

me

tlie

sea.

exceedingly

what a wonderful view

well.

int radi

hoo bi^-

ib'at 'afslii 'ala odti.

will suit

at

your service.

prefer a view of the

every one to his taste.

glad that you are satisfied.

Send my luggage to my room.

There are five pieces in all.
Certainly, sir. (lit: you shall be
honoured!)

min shan
it-challeeha tithowwa

la tinseesh ithiyi^ l-6da

el-lail

Do

not forget to have tbe room

put

order for the night and

in

to

mleeli
11

hon sanadeekak u shanttak.

wain btob'moor ahdbtthoon?

Put the large box into

mdosh kareeb

but not too near to

fi

upon the chair near the window.

ba'd

ma

esh-shtfbbbak

achadsh objd'orto

The porter has not been

hoo

tkaffal "ala

Here

nafso in yihmil 'afshi bi frankain

kaman

oojret el-'arbaji

miu^el-mahatta

objo^orto

la

illi

ft

Pay

the money, he agreed to

my

luggage for two francs.

the driver

me

hon

hoom kauoo

is

carry

who has

have paid the men, they were

radyeen
jeeb

li

mai ^soochne biddi

hali

^*

instead of <J^

sabahsbathe

out

'^*

lit:

of doors.

'^arassil

ft

wash

satisfied.

Bring

me warm

body

water,

will

wash and shave myself.

ahlook

my

driven

from the station as well.

His price was also two francs.

kanat kaman frankain

la^r-rjal

paid,

he asked for the money.

hoo talab ed-dar^him

daf^'t

wall,

ish-shanta 'ala^l-kdbrsi

hi ed-darahim.

j4bni

the

so that I may open it conveniently.

You may put the travelling-bag

bi chiffe.

hadd

idfa=

this corner,

btikdar

akdar aftaho

el-'attal

well aired.

Here are your boxes and travelling bags. Where do you wish
me to put them?

bi^zyade 'ala_l-hait haik hatta

thoott

it

hal-

hobtt es-sandook il-kbeer

kdbrne walakin

have

/. e.

bathe,

thammamsgo

to a bath-house.

kabl

ma

136

tinzal sheel es-sair or

you

Before

el-kshat 'an shantti

wain il-mobstarah?
imshi fi haz-zakook u ilfit ma'
owwal lafti la^l-yameen u fi
iz-zakook bitlaki_l-mahall

acliir

down

go

take the

strap off
is

Follow

this corridor

the

the

my

box.

W. C?

Where

and take

turn to your right, at

first

the end of the passage you will

find the place.

kaddaish objrit hal-oda fl^l-yom

What

is

the

rent

of

room

this

u kaddaish fi^j-jobm'a?

by the day, and how much by

fiiyam il-m6sam bikoonoo_,l-as'ar

During the season the charges

are double what we are asking

the

marrtain aktar minima^ mno'ot-

week?

now.

lobb issa

Do you wish board and

biddak akl u maname*

laish inni

bakoon

tool en-nhar

As

I shall

lodging?

be out sightseeing

day, I wish to take only

b^rra hatta ashoof el-ashya_l-

all

rareebe bareed &chood bass

the room and pay extra for such

oda wabde u badfa' cho'osoose

meals as I shall take.

minshanel-wak'at^illibalidarhol)n
'ala hal-hal bitkallif el-oda bi^^l-

chidme w^ed-dow

tlat frankat

In this case the room with

service and light will cost three

francs per day.

yomiyi
kaddaish btot)tloob 'al-wak'at

11

And what do you charge

for

the meals?
el-ftoor bi frank el-rada bi frank

u chamseen w^el-'asha ma'

il-

Breakfast

one franc, lunch

is

1.50 francs and dinner with

mbeed frankain
kaddaish 'an kooll el-wak'at

ii

wine 2.00

How much

is

the

hal-wakt chams frankat yomiyi

tiyib

ana biddi akl u maname

francs.

board

and lodging?

'au^.el-maname?
fl

full

At this time
Very well, I

five francs

per day.

shall take board

and lodging.
ana

bi

bali asaflr

ma' il-babor

byimshi bakkeer,

illi

wasseeli ala

I intend to leave

the early train

to-morrow by

order a carriage

'arabiye
hi

1* for

min ma

for

Here

hsabak ya seedi

2*

lit:

is

your account,

place for sleeping

3*

sir.

lit: falls

me.


a'teeni

fi

shoo saraft

mabsoot kteer min

kdbnt

oojoodi

a'rif

lokandtakil-owadkanoo

mrattabeen mleeh

w^il-chidme

mleeha w^il-akl ladeed

kanat

biseer attrajja jauab^el-chaw^ja

min shan

hal-hakeer ida kanoo shee marra

b3ijoo la lion?
bi kooll farab

a detailed statement,

may know what

that I

was very well

satisfied

spent.

my

with

stay at your hotel. The rooms

were well kept, the service was
good and the food tasty.
May I ask the gentleman to

recommend my modest house

yib'at* sliabo 'ala baiti

ma*l6om ba'mal hada

me

Give

kaime mfassale hatta

akdar

iina

137

his friends,

to

they should ever

if

come into this neighbourhood?

Most assuredly, I shall do that
with pleasure.

The carriage

'arabiyet^el-chawaja "ammal

of the gentleman

tistansir

Has my luggage been put

inhatt 'afshi fl^l-'arabiye?

is

waiting.
in

the carriage?
kooll ishi bi^t-tarteeb
sasli islii. hi

ma

inta-

shamseetak u 'asatak

Everything is in order; nothing

has been forgotten. Here are
your umbrella and walking-stick.

la tshilsh "ainak 'an jol)sdani

ana

bakoon taht ba'd dakeeka

ish-shanta^l-kbeere marboota

wara

fi^l-'arabiye

ma'

Do
The

one

barra

Good

inschalla btinbsit

is

the

little

bye.

pleasant journey.

At what hour

kaddaish il-ftoor?

min ish-shob

hand-bag

Breakfast.

btikdar tooftoor bain is-sa'a sab'a

tis'a.

my

in a minute.

with the driver on the box.

ftoor

down

large box has been tied

bchatrak

is-sa'a

be

behind the carriage,

w^is-reere

el-'arbaji

not lose sight of

I shall

You can

and 9 o'clock.

mno^oftotir

am

We

breakfast

ready. Let us go

down

into the dining-room.

il-akl

btoVmo'br shai willa kahwe?

breakfast?

early on account of the heat.

bakkeer
ana hadir. yalla niuzal *ala odit

is

breakfast between

Do you

wish tea or coffee?

1* lit: to send.

Mcinual of Palestineau Arabic.

12


'al-ftoor ranishrab

kahwe

138

franjiye

At breakfast we drink European

ma' haleeb mfowwar

kallif

ch^trak iskdbb

li

with hot milk.

coffee

Please pour out a cup of coffee

finjan

kahwe

btoo'mtfbr baid?

chatrak or final ma'roof

keef btob'mo'or ikoonoo

hobm?

keen, makliyeen, mashwiyeen

Please

How

btikdar tihsal "alaihobn masloo-

them) boiled,

chatrak baid maslook

{lit:

amma

bareedhdbm brisht
hatta
li

ma

sob' il-hass

lak lahm
fi

haik

lal-ftobi'

ma

fish 'ade

hal-blad innbbu yakloo lahm

'al-ftobr

waat them

they are not raw.

not offer you meat for breakfast.

not customary to eat meat

It is

breakfast

biseer akaddim lak

May

il-bbbrrd'ol akl

Burghul

la^s-sDiha 'al-ftbor
laish

ma

bitjeeb il-chaddame^l-

to the mis-

(lit:

fortune of the happiness) I can-

is

minno?
mraddi w^imleeh

some?

help you to
is

nutritious

wholesome food

Why

this country.

in

burghul^

bitreed

itdookk

does the servant not bring

the eggs?

Will you be so good as to ring

chaddame?
ya maryam laish hal-'aka kabl

ma

for the

Mary,

why

ma

The

ikdirtish

aclialli^l-mai

marra.

inti bta'rfi

dairaan mai

1*

cf.

inna min'obz
tirli

National dishes.

la

fire

,1-ftobr

it

servant?

so long before

is

bad and

I could not

get the water to

tirli

haik shi ma. bisirsh iseer karaan

is

the eggs come?

yiji^l-baid?
in-nar 'atle u

and

breakfast.

for

baid?
ij-jaras la^l-

or soft?

but so that

soft,

Unfortunately

Here

hon bdbrrobl

you please.

Do you want the eggs hard

for
fi

if

ikoonoosh niyeen

bakdarsh akaddim

take

baked in

fried,

ashes etc.

Boiled eggs,

biddak il-baid jamid willa brisht?

will).

them?

like

You can have them

wa

your

let it cost

(lit:

would you

haldomma jarran
kallif

me

Pass me the coffee cup.

Do you take sugar?
Do you wish for eggs?

nawilni flnjan^il-kahwe
hattait sobkkar?

kallif

for

boil.

You
we always wish

This must not happen again.

know

that

boiling

water

for breakfast.

139

me

Pass

naooleeni iz-zibde

mleeh

il-'asal^il-baladi kteer

bikdar ooseek feeh

The honey

of this country

can inform you about

What

hoo byin'mil bkammiyat

kbeere w^in-nas bihibbooh kteer

It

is

it? (or, this?)

grape honey.

is

It is

made

I will try

id-dibs kieer

mleeh

u ta'mto ladeede kteer

bitreed tnawilni hadirtak tatlit^il-

You

much.

shwiyet cholDbz

kam&n

hona

fi

chot)bz

mhammas

asmar hoo shwi

it.

are right; grape-honey is

very good and of delicious taste.

Will you

me

boordkan ?
istanna shwi, issa byiji

(lit

your honour) pass

the orange marmalade?

Wait a moment, there is yet

coming some toasted bread.
Here is black bread, it is a little

mhammid

ma Mndaksh

ma

karadeesh mitl

sour.

Have you no

byichbzoo fi^l-ko'bra?

ma'loom hihot)n jaibeenhoon

il-cho"obz il-'arabi kteer

is

la_,s-sitt ij-jat

is

kammin sahn
akammin maFaket

jeebi

very tasty
fresh

if

it

and warm.

Mary, hand the lady the dish

with the flap-cakes.

feeh il-karadeesh or il-kmaj

illi

as

Here they bring them!

Arabic bread

ida kan taza u so'bchn

ya maryam kaddmi

flap-cakes such

they bake in the villages?

yes!

ladeed

in

great quantities and the people

like it

biddi adooko
l.iakk

it

it).

Will you try this preserve?

bitreed itjarrib hat-tatle?

aish hoo or h^da?

ma'ak

is

very good. I can recommend

(lit:

dibs,

the butter.

baM u

Bring a few more small plates

shai walakin

and a few tea-spoons, but not

isreer

mo'bsh mala'ik la_l-akl

dessert spoons.

Thank you.

kattir chairak

Lunch-Time

wakt^il-rada

(Midday-meal).
il-rada

t'owwak il-yom. dakk

ij-

Lunch

is late

to-day.

jaras or skr dakik ij-jaras?

issa

bidookk

ij-jaras, yalla ninzel

la

The

bell is

now

taht

bitreed tdbk'ol^d haddi? or janbi?

sit

the

rung?

ringing, come,
let

Will you

Has
bell

us go down.

by the side

of

me?

biddi akool las-sobfraji hatta isdbif

kaman
ii

kaman

li

plate for our guest also.

Hasan! bring

shoraba u

ma laka

kam^n

ko'bbbai lal-mbeed u
filfll,

ma

Here are the napkins,

chardal u choobz

biddaksh nitfet shoraba?

salt,

pepper, mustard and bread.

Will you not take a

Is

ana mabsoot
il-yom,

ma

laish

fi

ilna

bisihhilnash

samak
fi

ko'bll

We

have

a fast to-day.

There

lahme fi^sh-shoraba

fish

soup?

little

vegetable soup?

it

syam

ma

a water-

glass and a wine-glass and also

milh,

hadi shorabet nabat? il-yom 'inna

also

and a desert-spoon.

sreere

koobbai lal-mai u

a large knife

two small ones, one large and

two small forks, a soup-spoon

shoki

kbeere u shoktain srar u ma'laket

hi il-fowat u

the waiter to lay a

I will tell

la daifna

hasau jeeb sikkeen ikbeere

sikkeentain srar

140

am

is

no meat in the soup.

glad that

we have

fisli

to-

day, one cannot always get

it.

wakt samak
is-samak nadir

fl

Is fish rare in this

hal-blad?

na'am or iwa lazim ijeebooh min

yafa willa min tabariya, willa

min

il-o^ordolDn

u min has-sabab

bisihh lal-wahed

samak taza bass

limin bikoon it-taks barid

fi

samak immallah?
samak immallah ashkal
fi kaman samak ton u
u
kteere
sardeen min bahr yafa or min
lion

na'am

fi

one must

Yes,
Jaff'a

country?

bring

the Jordan

and

for this

one can have fresh

when

it

the weather

fish
is

fi

rosto bakar. lahm

il-

bakar bikoon marrat kteere 'asi

amma lahm^il-ranam ahsan
il-'arab byamaloo aklat kteere

min lahm il-fachd^il-makli

w^il-kastaleta ii lahm maslook

reason
only

cold.

Is there salt-fish?

Yes, there are

many

kinds of

there are also tunny

salt-fish,

and sardines from the Medi-

bahr ir-room
il-yom

from

or from Tiberias, or from

terranean.

There

is

to-day roast-beef.

Roast-beef

is

frequently

but lamb

tough;

is

better.

The Arabs make many

dishes

of

meat;

lets,

roast joints and cut-

boiled meat,

and zarb\

u zarb

ya 'awad hadol sho~okaf lahm

mas h we
1* zarb
is

is

Awad, these are pieces

of

meat

roasted on a skewer!

a whole animal roasted in an oven built of loose stones; the stove

also called zarb.

141

Hamad cook?

shoo byaVif hamad yootbol)ch?

What

bya'raf yootbooch: shoraba, rot)zz

He can cook

habash u

imfalfal,

mal.ishe,

jaj

makaroone u yachue min jamee'

can

soup, steamed rice,

and

turkeys

kinds of

all

vegetables.

ish-shkal

ma

mistwi hal-lalim mleeh?

bhibbish il-lahm

illi

chickens,

stuffed

macaroons and

meat well done?

Is this

like

mo^bsli

do not

underdone

meat.

mistwi
fi

hal-blad byakloo bass il-lahm

byisbroo^r-robzz marrat kte'ere

they eat

country

In this

meat

well roasted and well boiled.

il-makle w^il-maslook mleeh

Rice

often dyed with Safiiower.

is

bi 'obsfor

shoo hal-hboob il-ladeede?

What

are these tasty seeds?

ismhon suobar u

They

are

ft

hal-blad bihib-

boo ihittooo habb is-snobar

fi_,l-

shatreen

The Arabs

w^il-hamaa

ij-jaj

laish bisihhillna

min

good cooks.

You

perhaps become tired

will

of chickens

said

na'am

hon jins

fi

Is there

filsteen?

fi

shot)niiar

u kamaii jaj barri

so'bmman u

ii

kbeer

araoeb u
u ro'ozlan

jaj il-rab

and pigeons, as we

have both frequently.

it-tnain kteer
fi

in

on the whole,

are,

fi_,t-tabeech

yimkin r^yeh tizhak min

and

snobar-seed in the food.

akl
il-'arab bi wijih^il-ijmal

called snobar

this country they like to put

game

Yes, there

is

in Palestine?

a large kind of

partridge and also francolins

{lit:

wild chickens) hares, quails,

woodcocks

{lit:

chickens of the

woods) and gazelles.

btob'mo'or

akaddim lak yacline?

*indak ashkal chdbdra kteer?

May I offer you some vegetables?

Have you many kinds of
vegetables?

iwa u 'ada 'an hada byakloo^nuas hon nabat barri kteer, matalan

warak

cho"obbaize,

illi

ta'mo mitl

ta'm is-sabanech w^ibyakloo jins

shok ta

mo

mitl il-halyoon ismo

'akkoob

Yes, and besides the people

many
of the

wild plants

e.

g.

the leaf

mallow which tastes

spinach.

They

like

also eat a kind

of thistle, its taste is like

of the

eat

asparagus,

its

name

that
is

globe-thistle.

byizra'oo hon halyoon?

Do

they raise asparagus here?


la

II

ma

inno

fl fi

barri kteer

142

hal-blad halj'oon

ma

No, although the wild asparagus

ta"amoohoosh

grows here

in large quantity

they have not cultivated

matboocha hal-chobdra?
makliye

la,

Has
No,

bi seerij

btob'moor akaddimlak shwiyet.

bo'odeen willa bid dak atmar

been boiled?

has been fried

in sesame-oil.

it

May

it.

this vegetable

you some pudding

I offer

you wish

or do

cooked fruit?

for

matboocha?
hal-mishmshat shofithon
ho^om
franji

moosh mitl
bibaidoo

bitsliahlie

il-mislimish

wa

il-

These apricots look

They

apricot; they are refreshing, but

lakin mo'osh

kteer mlah la^s-so^ohha

hi choch u toot

matbooch

attractive.

are not like the European

are not very wholesome.

Here are peaches and cooked

mulberries.

byakloo kteer tabeech hooloo

fl

Do they

many sweet

eat

dishes

here?

hal-blad?

na'am

il-'arab

bya'maloo aslikal

ka'k kteere

ii

not drink anything.

This wine

very light and

is

very wholesome.

w^imleeli la^s-soohha kteer

la

mamnoou. ana bishrab shwiyet

mai Ida kanat marliye

hadi mat marliye w^imkarrara

u min beerna^l-chass

and sweetmeat.

baklawi and knafl much.

like

You do

btishrabsh ishi

hada^l-mbeed kteer chafeef

make many kinds

of cake

hd'olwayat

bahibbil-baklawew^il-knafe kteer

ma

Yes, the Arabs

Thank

yon. I will take a

water,

This water has been boiled as

well as filtered and comes from

our

What

iya atmar 'indko'on?

Mnna fi^sli-shita

bo^ordkan, lemoon

ho'oloo, joz, loz, kol)ttain 'ajwe

w_izbeeb
fi^s-saif

fi

balah

toot,

choch,

swaida, mishmish, do'brrak, teen

so'obbair u ba'dain

Mnab

illi

byibka min haziran hatta takreeban la

""eed

il-meelad

little

has been boiled.

it

if

kind of

fruit

We have in winter
lemons,
figs,

nuts,

own

cistern.

have you?

oranges, sweet

almonds, dried

dried dates and raisins.

There are

in

summer

mulberries,

fresh dates, peaches, plums,

apricots, nectarines, fresh

cactus

which

figs

and

last from

later,

June

figs,

grapes

till

almost

Christmas,


kahwe

btob'mot)r

143

franjiye willa

Do you

wish

for

European

hal-kaliwe

illi

fi^l-fanajeeu is-srar

mamoole

to"'orki3^e

hal-kahwe bala sookkar.

This coffee in the small cups

made

in the

without sugar.

il-'arab

This coffee

is

The Arabs

call it

hadm.

il-'arab

byishraboo kahwe

moorra ba'd

'an

Bitter coffee
digestion.

is

better for the

The Arabs drink

bitter coffee after food.

Let us say grace and leave the

table.

is-sobfra

il-chidme

fi

Bedroom-Service.

odit in-nom.

wassi^l-chaddam

hatta^^ifij'ikni

Order the servant to

bdbkra bakkeer
biddi asaflr u

min shan hada

biddi^l-ftoor fi_,l-wakt

You

"bitter".

can also have sweet coffee.

il-akl

w^inkoom

challoona usalli

is

Turkish manner.

bisammooha mdbrra. btikdar

tihsal kaman 'ala kahwe hilwe
il-kahwe^,l-mooiTa ahsan la_l-

coffee

or Arabic?

'arabiye?

call

me

early to-morrow.
I shall start

on a journey and

therefore wish the breakfast in

time.

iya sa^a bitreed^itfeek?

mo'bsh ba'd

is-sji'a

chamse

bitreed ftoor mitl^il-'ade

shi
il-ftoor il-baseet

willa

choosoosi?

byikfeeni bi^t-

At what hour do you wish to be

awakened ?
Not later than 5 o'clock.
Do you wish the regular breakfast or

anything special?

The simple breakfast

is sufficient

tamam
taht

amrak ya seedi

ya jobrji

farshi owa'iye bi t'inni

u shoof hatta

ma

for

As you

yibkash

'alai-

George, brush
fully

min

issa

achod soormaitak

so'ormaiti fi^l-koorne

riji'^il-raseel

I take

your shoes with

now
Yes,

min^il-kawer

clothes care-

remains upon them.

May

ma'i min shan amsalia?

iwa

my

and see that no dust

hobn rabara
biseer

me.

desire, sir,

my

me

to polish?

shoes are in the corner.

Has the washing come back from

the laundry?

naam

walakin nakis akammin

kabbe u akammin

koomm

Y^es,

but there are

still

missing

a few collars and

cuffs.


fi

ba'd kabbat

w^ikmam

144

usaf kfai

fl^l-biro '?

Are there

enough fresh

still

and

collars

cuffs in the

of
fi

ba'd bass sitt kabbat

ii

jozain

There are only

kmam
fi

hal-hale lazim
hall _il-kawe
illi

nakis, laish

ma-

itrooh 'ala

w_itjeeb

ma

il-raseel

bikaft'eesh la

kawam

of cuffs.

In that case you must go to the

laundry and fetch

linen, as

it

do

it

the missing

not sufficient for

is

the journey,
I shall

meen rattab^il-yom odit^ia-aom

and

six collars

two pairs

safra

badabbir^il-mas'ale

chest

drawers?

Who

at once.

arranged this bed-room

fareede

Fareede.

keef mo'omkintkixin mo"ohmli haik!

How

l.iatta

iunawala hattat mai jdeede

la^^sli-shoorb

'ala

tawlet

il-

is

it

possible that she

ituadddfat^il-yom

stfbbh

II

fareede achadat^il-rar-

ma'ha

rafe

fi^s-

rain

shan^itnassifha

stand.

The room has been cleaned this

morning and Fareede took the
water-bottle

mahtoot fi^t-tacht sharashif jdad?

Has

naara ya seedi

Yes

fi

sharashif jdad

w^ibyobt_il-mchaddat

kamau

away

to clean

it.

the bed been freshly sheeted?

sir,

sheets

there are fresh

the pillow-slips have also

and

been renewed.

itjaddadoo

Have

achadoo hramat is-sobf?

is

She has not even

put drinking water on the wash-

so careless!

raseel
il-oda

to-

day?

hadi?

the

taken

been

blankets

away?
na'am it-taks^irtafa'at

harartoo

fi^l-iy^m^il-acheere bi hal-

Yes,
so

the

temperature has risen

much during

the last days,

mobkdar hatta inn_is-sitt amarat

that

hatta yibdloo hramat ^is-sobf bi

woollen covers should be

hramat

harayeeii bi zyade

jeeb

11

replaced by lighter ones.

achafi"

liada mleeh. ihraraat is-soof issa

kaman koobbayet mai

taza

u sham'a
byob'moor^il- cli awaj akaman ishi ?

Mistress ordered that the

That

is

Woollen covers

good.

are

Bring me yet a

now

glass

too hot.
of

fresh

water and a candle.

Does the gentleman

wish anything else?

145
la tinsasli tfiyikni

la,

at the appointed hour.

il-m'aiyan

dd'okk^ij-jaras la^l-chaddame

'alaiha^l-obwad,

me

No; do not forget to awake

fi_l-wakt

illi

Ring

for the

chambermaid. The

mistress wishes to see her.

is-sitt bitljoobb

itshoofha

btikdar itrooh
il-hawayij

illi

'ala sobfrit^il-loobs

mo'osli

You may go now.

The things upon my

dressing-table

have not been well arranged.

mrattabeen mleeli

The table requires a clean cover.

farashi^sli-sha'rmdoshmarsooleen The hairbrushes have not been
washed and there are no pins
u ma fish dababees 'ala^lupon the pin-cushion.
mchadde
byilzam is-soofia rata nseef

hal-awa'o

mtf'osli

lazim ikoonoo

mahtooteen "ala^t-tacht.
htfbn

fi

'allik-

These garments should not be

lying upon the bed. Hang them

chaz^nt^it-tyab

in the

wardrobe.

my

wain hattait kameesi in-nom?

Where

fi^j-jaibi^l-mtarraze

Into the embroidered pocket.

did

you put

night-

gown?
fl

Have

raanashif nsaf m'allakeen?

naam

u ana

tallait il-breek

mai

taza u hattait shakflt saboou

have

up'?

the jug

piece of soap in the soap-dish.

il-raseel fl_,s-satl

washing-basin into the pail.

sliani

w^il-rada

ko'obb^is-satl ktfbll

Empty

aimta btoVmo'or

When

yom marrtain
hammam?

hammam barid fl_s-so'obh

hammam sobchn fl_l-'ashiye

bareed

bitreed ikoou ish-sho'obbak

wish

the pail twice a day.

do you want a bath?

a

cold bath in the morning

and a hot bath in the evening

Do you wish

the

window open
or shut?

maftooh willa msakkar?

ii

hung

il-mai^l-wischa min sahn

ftoor

'

filled

Never forget to bring me hot

water for washing before breakfast and lunch.
Pour the dirty water from the

abadan tjeeb min

mai so~ochne la^l-raseel kabl^il-

wish fresh water, and put a

fl

sahn is-saboon
la tinsash

ko'obb

clean towels been

Yes, and

wish

bareed ikoon maftooh

biddak kindeel willa sham'a?

Do you

it

open.

wish

for

a lamp or a

candle?

sham'a
n^zzle^n-namoosiye kabl
A Manual

of Palestinean Arabic.

A
ma

candle.

Let the mosquito-curtain down

13

146

yiudw _.id-(low,

willa btit'addabi

minin-namoos
fi

hon kamaa barrash?

fi

u karsithon aslma'

miri karsit

in-nainoos

before the light

you

or

struck,

is

will suffer from mosquitoes.

Are there sandflies here?

There are, and their bite is more
unpleasant than that of mosquitoes.

issa kooll

islii

mrattab u ana

Everytliing

bit'ammal iniiak bitnam mleeh

ralye

lazirandbktot)fba'dshwiyet^izhoor

We

hal-mazhariye 'an kareeb fadye

This vase

is sufficient

hot water for tea.

must

akammin warde
hal-mazhariye akammin Put

still

pick a few fiowe;

s.

almost empty; put

is

more roses into it.

this bowl a few more

a few

fl

expecting visitors;

take care that there

hootti feel a ba'd

zihrit chitmiye

Drawing-Room.

am

ya ralye ana bastansir idyoof,

dabbri hatta ikoon li mai soochne
kfai min shan ish-shai

hootti

and

night.

In the

odit id-dyoof.

fi

in order

hope that you will sleep well.

Good

lailtak sa eede

now

is

into

hollyhock-flowers without stems.

amraa bidoon

maskat
tiyib

ma

hada mleeh

Good, this

ajmal haz-zihre

hada

loof

moochmal

il-aswad

shoofi keef

ii

bitsakibma'hal-maile^ 1-barraniye
illi

yom

illi

beautiful

This

is

this flower is!

an arum.

inside is like black

is

green,

harmonizes

with

tnassafat il-6da

fl^s-soobh 'awad tjamma'

bi'oozsh il-wahad yit'ajjab

min hada

fi

Since the room was cleaned this

morning,

dust has col-

little

hal-hawa^l-kawi

lected.

One need not wonder

this

strong

wind

u rabbri awani^z-zeene

kaman marra u

joorri slireetet

il-rabara 'al-m(K)beelya

at

and

it,

in

dry

atmosphere.

w^it-taks in-nashif
ista'jli (f.)

it.

The flowers are now arranged.

il-

shwiyet rabara

ma

velvet,

and see how the outside, which

chadra

iz-zhoor itrattaboo issa

min wakt

How
The

il-maile_j-jo"owaniye mitl_il-

nice.

is

Be quick and dust

once more and

the ornaments

go

over the

furniture with a dusterJ

147

i*milt haik

have doue

it.

fa'idan shoofl sob frit isli-shai

Then look

jeebi breek ish-shai u ko'oll

Bring- the tea-pot

takm

it-

bichobsso

illi

hobtti ko'oll ishi 'as-sobfra

chabzatoo

illi

to

-table

(lii:

table pushed in the corner).

cook

Here they

malli alit is-sbeerto'bs, u hot)tti_l-

it.

side

Bring the fresh cakes which the

t-tabbacha
hiyo ya sitt

kanneene

and the whole

which belongs

set

Place everything upon the

illi

minzooye
jeebi^il-ka'k it-taza

after the tea-table.

lamp, and put the

Fill the spirit

upon the

'al-ard talit is-sdbfra

bottle

challi hada. la tsha"leesh

No, no,

has baked.

(f.)

are, raad^m.

under the

floor

table.
la,

la,

leave

is-

Put the

little

Damascus

sreere hoii u liadeek hooa^k

wakkfi is-seeniye ddbrri u lizzeeha

shwi

la

'ala sob

kdbrne u

innha tddka'

kaii rao^brnkin

taht

la
Idbffi

kdbruit hal-bsat la

bifdod titcharbat

fl

and

pull the big

matrahha

kaz

fl

kooll^il-

one straight.

This curtain has been completelj'^

crumpled by the wind.

When

lizzeeha shwi la_sh-shamal

kan

corner

been

knocked down.

mobsh lazim itsabbib masraf

kawibi fath ish-shababeek w^ilbwab willa biteer rabara "al-oda

fl

at the

Roll back the corner of this rug-

liramin yitrattaboo_l-dbwad

shoofl ida

was put too mucli

and could easily have

min^il-hawa

hadi_s-sobfra mo~osh

little.

better.

kawam

hadi^l-boordai tmaz-za'at bi^l-

ii

It

is

and push

back a

it

wara u

iniddi_.l-bsat il-kbeer dot)rri

chalis

Put the tray straight

This

il-

table here,

and that one there.

wara

hada ahsan
kanat mahtdota kteer

not

light the spirit-lamp.

alit is-sbeertobs ba'd

wakkfi is-sdbfra ish-shamiye

Do

alone!

it

the rooms have

been set

you must never make

a strong draught by leaving the
windows and doors open, because
dust flies into the room and it
becomes disordered again

in order,

This table
place.

See

if

is

Move
there

not standing in
it

little to

is oil in

the

its

left.

every lamp.

kanadeel

kdbllhoom clialseen ana 'miltho"'om

bi

eedi

They

are

all

in order. I have

done

it

myself.

148
liattait

kaman kazaze jdeede

kindeel

illi

'al-

Did you put a new glass upon

the hanging-lamp?

m'allak?

na am u ana dabbart kaman abajoor

new

Yes, I have also put a

lamp.

kindeel it-tane
jeebi rata_s-sdbfra

illi

shoorl

globe

and a new wick on the second

jdeed w^ifteele jdeede la_,l-

is-

Bring the embroidered table-cloth.

stfoun^ra

Where

wain hattaiteeh?
mall toot

chazanet hawayij
mahtoota fl 1-

'a la raflf

il-ko'"ottan

illi

mamsha_s-sreer

you put

did

it?

lying upon the shelf of the

It is

closet for linen (Arab: -|- gar-

ments) which

standing in the

is

small corridor.
hiyooli

Here

kattir chairak

Thank

issa kooll ishi fi_t-tarteeb

Everything

intibhi la_l-bab w^istajli

if-

taheeh halan limmin ido1)kkoo

it

is.

you.
is

Pay attention

lazim inchalli hadan yisbo-Qr

order.

in

to the front-door

and hasten to open

it

soon

as

as any one knocks.

'alaih

ish-shob kawi kteer u nihna mdbsh

now

The heat
not

let

is

we must

great and

any one wait long outside.

barra kteer

The Kitchen.

el-matbach.
ya flan jeeb hatab u fahm u ba'dain
slia"il_in-nar.
il-hatab mablool

ma kansh

shwi

N. N.

The wood

machzobn mleehv
mbala ya

sitti

walakin shtaraito

owwal imbarih
ii
baM ma

min

bass,

fallah

nishifsh mleeh

shtarait* hatab kteer?

la

kan

rali aktar

min^il-lazim n

*ade *an hada kan 'ind ir-rajool

wood and the

bring the

charcoal and then kindle the

it

Yes,
it

my

is

little

fire.

damp. Has

not been well stored?

mistress; but I bought^

of a fellah only the

yesterday, and

it is

day

before'

not quite dry.

Did you buy much wood?

No, it was too dear, and besides
the

man had

only big blocks.

bass karami khkr

walakin^il-biyft'

ma

bikassirsh

il-karami la shikaf srar?

But does not the

seller cut

the

blocks into small pieces?

'"


bishakkifhobn imbala walakiii
biseer

amma

wasach kteer

fl

mia

liada_,l-

marra

mobmkiu

Kindle the

kaz abadan fi^u-nar

inuik tsabbibi charab

kbeer
issa shflit iu-uar

bi

illi

it

makes so much dirt in the yard.

But you must see that we have
better wood than this next time.

j-jai

shaHi in-nar bi^il-kibreet

la tkibbeesh

he splits them, but

Well,

fi^l-hosli

lazim itdabbir halta iseer

'indna hatab al.isan

149

fire,

here are matches.

Never pour petroleum upon the

mig''t cause by it a
fire, you

hal-wasta

bi_,l-fo"oru

hootti taiijara feelia mai {or rakkbi

great accident.

Thetireiuthe oven isnow burning.

Put on a kettle

of water.

tanjaret mai)

rakkabt
ista'mli

I
laj-jali

bass mai

tirli

have done

it

{lit

have put

For the washing of

ft

shwiyet saboon

on).

use

dishes

only boiling water and somesoap.

hada_ 1-marsal

This

kabl mii tijli^t-tanajir sheeli

Before you wasli the dishes take

minho'om bakaya_ t-tv'ibeech, willa

kawam

btitwassach mait^ij-jali

is

the sink.

the remnants of food from them

as otherwise the washing water
will soon

is-shobu w^il-fanajeen u abareek

The

be soiled.

plates, the cups, the cofi'ee,

il-kahwe w^il-haleeb w^isli-shai

milk and tea-pots, the vegetable

u jatat il-yachne w^il-lahme

and meat

ft

kooU baki awani^l-kisliaui byitchabboo

ma

fobchcbar

koobb^yat^ii-mbeed w_il-mai

kawam

lazim

il-isti'mal

illi

kololl

bitlaki

'ala

l-mala ik

v.\

and water glasses are put,

as

These breakable things must be

niarra

yindabboo

illi

the upper shelves the wine

byitkassaroo

bi

baM

carefully put

1-yameen

ish-shdbwak

away each time

they have been used.

t'inni

soofrit_it-tahdeer

fi_,j-jarrar

dishes into this cupboard.

Upon

well as the water bottles.

biddna issa in'awid 'al-matbach

hi liadi

other

kaman

w^il-rarrafat

hadol^il-hawSyij

all

kept in this

Never put earthenware or metal

ow ma dan fl hal-cliazane

fi^r-rfoof_il-'alyeenbyit-wakkafoo

are

cupboard.

liadi^l-cliazane

fi

abadan aw4ne

tho'otteesh

dishes and

china dishes

We will now return to the kitchen.

Here, this
In

is

the dresser.

the drawer to the right you

will find the

spoons and the forks

f^illi 'ash-shamal

150

mowjoodeen

and in that to the left the large

and small knives are to be found.

is-sakakeen il-kbar w^is-srar

iftah

bab il-kism^it-tahtani

Open

the door

of the lower

From

this board

hang the cooking

min^il- chazane
'ala hal-loha

m'allakeen il-mararif

division.

spoons.
hi^il-kidar!

Here are the clay cooking-vessels.

"alajanb^il-fobrnbitlaki^l-marrafe

By

u rair hawayij

illi

lazmeen la^t-

binhattoo^t-tanijir

utensils necessary

Upon

il-awani nsaf kteer

sakakeen w^it-tanajir

all

it

most important that

copper

that the knives

vessels

made

iseeroo yilma'oo

limmin idobb byad

li

it-tanajir kooli

halan, hatta i'obdoo yitbiyadoo

When

the tinning

the

of

vessels

melts)

let

that they
fl

haj-jarra

mowjoodeen manasliif

il-matbach w^il-manashif

illi

la

tausheef_il-koobbay4t u awani

In

drawer

this

arjaitak hou kooll ishi

bidna nrooh 'ala bait_il-mot)ne

{lit:

the

bright.

whiteness)

disappears

are

found

kitchen towels and the

for

are

(lit:

me know at once
may be re-tinned.

wiping

the

towels

of the glasses

and the porcelain.

1-kishani

bad ma

the

vessels should be very clean-

and the

liatta

cooking.

placed

copper vessels and pans.

consider

You must take care

lazim tijtihdi hatta tijli^s-

for

this shelf are

w^il-kallayat

bihimmni kteer in ikoonoo kobll

cooking-spoon and other

flrd the

tabeecli
'ala har-raff

the side of the oven you will

After

have

thing here

shown you everywe will go into the

storeroom.

ma minVozish abadan

ikoou Mnna
kammiyat kbeere la^l-moone

bab bait^il-mooue lazim daiman

yitsakkar b^intibah, willa bifootoo
1-bs^s la

joowa

ii

bisowwoo

do not need

to

keep

large

quantities of provision.]

The door

of the

storeroom must

always be carefully shut, other-

illi

wise the cats will come inside

bidlioon iyah

and do what they wish.

m^iyet^it-tabeech lazim tinjab

mill

We

il-beer

illi

barra

It is

necessary to bring the water

for

cooking from the well outside.

151
bat'ammal inno iseer

"indi 'au

hope

u kanian ishi ba'd. lazim itdeer

b&lak hatta

ma

yabis ifoot

kanayet_il-mai^il-

fi

tchalleesh ishi

wischa willa btinsadd

pump

in

And yet another

hard

the kitchen.

thing.

be careful not

have

soon

that I shall

kareeb troomba fl^l-matbach

You must
anything

to let

enter the waste-pipe,

bi ktfbll

as

easily choked.

is

it

chdbffe

kanayet il-mai_,il-wischa btitnassaf bis'oobe koolliye u 'ada 'an

hada tanseefha

bikallif

mablar

The wastepipe
only witli

can be

difficultly,

cleaned

and besides,

cleaning costs a great sum.

its

kbeer
btikdar it'abbi

kadar

fi

mai

liaz-zeer

iiajtak

This jar you

yom

la ko'bll

ij-jarra^l-kbeere ismha zeer

il-anye^s-reere

The small

bijeeboo fiha

illi

large jar

1-mai miii^il-beer bisaramooha

water

jarra w^in-nisw^n byihmlooha

is

'ala

w^il-aiiye

illi

kaman asrar

il-anye is-syeere

moo

filia

illi

btit-

with

fill

vessel (jar), in which

fetched from the well

is

called

The women carry

jarra.

on their head.

it

still

smaller

vessel

called

is

'asliye

bikadd-

mai bisammooha sharbe

the

called zeer.

is

rooshoon^

samma
liadi

may

daily supply of water.

'asliye.

This
is

vessel in which water

little

served

is

called sharbi or breek.

willa breek

ma

sakkir_il-beer tiyib hatta

rareeb

iftf'otsh

feeh

kaman

id-daloo fi^Uaktoo

ma

ishi

'allik

ana

baridsh ashoofo abadan mahtoot 'ala_,l-ard

ow

fl^l-mai

Shut the cistern well,

foreign matter

hang

also

hook.
left

on

the

may

no

that

get into

bucket on

never wish to see

the

ground

it,

its
it

in the

or

water.

Washing.

il-raseel.
bitchalli^l-raseel yitdabbar fl^l-

Do you have your washing done

bait?

na'am Mndna mara

la hash-shi

1* pronounce s and h separately.

at

Yes, we have a

home?

woman on

pur-

152
yom^it-talata u wahade

pose

taiiye

on Tuesday

min shanil-kawiy6m_il-cliamees

ma

bisabbibish liada ta'ab kteerV

ida kaa

la

awane

'iad ii-wahed

fl

mai

kfai lal-raseel u

kfai u

byibyaijd

naam amma

mleeh

mahall

wash-tubs,

I think the

byilzamik akammin

'indna

fl

makawi

u chashabe

ma

la^l-kawi walakin ba'd

and

would bleach

linen

well in our garden.

Yes; you

sandi u akammin habl

sar

sufficient water,

a good drying-ground,

btfostanoa

fl

Thursday.

Is not that a good deal of trouble?

Not when one has plenty of

mleeh la_,t-tansheef
ana baftkir inn raseel il-kobttan

and another

to iron 'on

(f.)

need some

will

posts and clothes-lines.

We

have already itons and an

ironing-board but no laundry.

'ind-

nksh odit raseel

in-nas birassloo hon barra limmin

ikbbn it-taks' mleeh u int 'indak

oda

la_t-tawi w^it-

btikfi

illi

The people here wash out-ofdoors when it is fine, and you

have a room which will do for

il-kcTotUn

biseer

kteer abyad

fi

The

linen

^sh-shams w_,il-hawa
na'am

amma moosh

lazim ikoou

much

yitnashshafoo fl^l-fi

in the

ktfbll

hon

maiyet
la

of either for coloured

clothing which should be dried

u ba'dain

mleeha

il-mai

w^ikteer

shade and be brought, at

jdbwa
shita

white

sun and wind.

in the

ow had&k
la^l-aw&'i^l-mlowwane illi lazim
la

ironing.

Yes, but you do not want too

kteer kteer min hada

yitfawwatoo halan

and
becomes very

folding, starching

tnishshi w_,il-kawi

once, indoors.

The water here

is

and very good

hawayij

all

rain-water

for woollens.

is-sbbf
il-rassale lazim

bihhhbbn

fl

wit-

tirsilhoon

mai

fatre

kawam

The washerwoman must wash

and rinse them in tepid water
and dry them quickly.

itnashshiflid'on

bahibb ab'at shwiyit raseel kittan

wish to send some linen away

can recommend to you a good

"ala^l-marsal

bakdar achbrak

'an rassale

mleeha

to the laundry.

laundress.

hee

btirsil

nseef btista'milsaboone

mleeha w^ibtikwe
1* instead of

U^

tiyib

She washes clean, uses good soap,

and irons

well.


btifham

153

Does she understand how

hawayej soof u

tirsil

haw^yej imnashshay&t?

na'am il-hawayej

is-soof

ma

bidib-

hawayej kittan

ma

bitniyilsh

il-

kabbat kteer
la;

wala btichribho'on

wala

btihriko^on

bi inna

bi inna bitchal-

not shrunk in washing and she

starches linen with great

skill.

hope she does not make

the

collars too blue

lazim.

la ko'oll

ib'at

ana ba'teek laiha

fidd

il-kd'o^a

il-

bass

dad ba d

'alaik itzeed "alaiha^l-a

ma

illi

kamees niswAne
kamees nom
kalsat

Please send to her

ail

that

is

necessary. I will give you a

list to

which you have only

to

add the numbers after you have

yinbi'too

counted the articles to be sent.

Woman's

list.

Chemise.

list.

kamees tahtani Vest,

kamees muashsha Starched

shirt,

sidriye

Waistcoat,

bantalon

Trousers,

Nightdress.

Pair of stockings.

tannoora tahtk-

lU: let

get spotty from rust spots.

lazim

illi

Drawers.

ilbas

joz

indigo).

scorching or iron-mould

laihet^il-rasee 1 Washing
laihet in-uiswan

(lit:

No, nor does she injure them by

leeho'on ibakk'oo bi bika' sada

amal maroof

garments are

woollen

Yes, the

mahAra rareebe

bi

wash

to

woollens and also starched things?

"boosh fi^l-raseel uhee bitnashshi

bat'ammal inna

kabbe

Collar,

kmam

Cuffs,

Petticoat.
sidr

Shirt-front,

rabta taweele

Tie.

niye
!

sidriye

Bodice.

bloose

Blouse.

layhet^il-oolad Children's

tannoora

Skirt.

wazra

wazra

Apron.

kamees tahtani

Vest.

km&t or
maryool

iaket

Jacket.

list,

kmam

Pinafore.

h\ks

Swaddling-cloth.

bi

Feeder.

laihet

il-bait

Household

list

Wrapper.

irob

mahrame

sharshaf

Pocket-handbait

mchadde

Sheet.

Pillow-case.

kerchief.
i

Ikabbet charj

rata tacht

Bedspread.

rata sobfra

Table-cloth.

bd'ordai

Curtain.

manshafe

Towel.

Embroideredcollar.

laihet^ir-rjal

kalsoon
A Manual

Man's

list,

Drawers.
of Falestinean Arabic.

bashkeer or fo'ota Napkin.

14

154

Sewing-Room.

6det_-il-chiyata
riji"

il-raseel

min odet^il-raseel

Has the

linen

Susan

bringing

come back from

the laundry?

or il-marsal?

soosanna'ambitjeebo

bi sail hiyo!

is

in a basket.

it

Here
challoona nsliQofo w^insaDih kobll
ishi

bidna nibda

Let us examine

immazza'

whatever

We

bi kita' is-soof

it is!

and mend

it

is

torn.

will begin witli the woollen

garments.
hot)tti

kabbe^jdeedebadal kabbet

Put on a
of the

is-sidriye hadi
rtfbzzi or ooktbi
fi

akammin robrze

fi

miz'

ma ahmal

new

collar in place

collar of this bodice.

Put a few stitches

in this

seam

the thread has been broken.

hal-chiyata il-chait iukata'

'ala^s-sahr

(f.)

il-

There

rassalat

how

is

a rent across the back;

careless

washer-

the

of

women!
btikdari_tsallheeh ya saleeme?
biddi ajarrib hoo shwi

byilzamo sabr u ida

ma

Are you able

sHb

I will try,

kobnteesh

It

mistajle kteer kleer btihsali 'ala

to

it

chito u htfbtt talito shakfet kittan

issa 'rawe jdeede la hal-kalsoon

you
This button

kteer kteer

ma

byirtitobsh 'ad

haj-jobrbaue^r-rijjaliye

Mnd

mamzob'a

piece of the

no' sobfintilazimdaimautista'mli

cheetan min dat il-16u

ana baftkir l^zim yiu'mil ka' jdeed
la haj-jobrbane

il-kism^il-fokaneminliaj-jobrbane

immazza' kteer

salllieeh bi

kadar

you

will succeed.

stuff'.

Sew

of linen

it

on

under

it.

You sewed the neck-band on well.

Now make a new button-hole
drawers.

These stockings are too much

torn,

they cannot be darned any more.

This sock has one hole in the

heel; darn

il-ka'b irteeha bi t'inni

shbbfi! inti 'ainmal tista'mli rair

if

torn off with a

is

for this pair of

hadol ij-jo'brbanat immazza'een

Saleeme?

it

little difficult.

requires patience and

and put a piece

chiyatti il-kabbe kteer mleeli a'mli

are not in too great a hurry

nateeje
haz-zirr inkata' ma' shakfet ikmasli

mend

is

Look!

3^ou are

kind of wool.

it

using a

carefully.
diff'erent

You must always

use yarn of the same colour.

will be necessary

I think

it

knit a

new

foot to this stocking.

The top of
torn; mend

this stockiug is badly

it

to

as well as possible;

il-imkanhatta yista raalba'd kaman

marra

laish ba'do jdeed

155

so that

shakfet ktfbmm hal-kamees ISzim

serve once more,

as

Hand me

The wrist-band

mamzob'

il-mizi'

kallfl

moosh hada,
il-chait

illi

The gusset

it.

torn; the tear can

is

soon be made good.

Sabha please hand me the strong

lioo

white thread. No, not that one,

la

tcheen kteer

'alahadi^^l-bakara arfa'

tanyet rata has-soofra maftook

bitreedi ta'mali ma'robf

ii

it

The thread on
The hem

too thick.

is

this spool is thinner.

table-cloth is

of this

hem

frayed out, will you please

titneeh

'ala^l-masheene laish inno'ateek

u ana

can

chatrik naooleeni

il-abyacl il-kawi.

il-chait

you

do with

kawam

byikdar yitsallah

ya sabha

of this shirt needs

See what

attention.

btikdari

ta'mli feeha

no"okr^il-bat

quite new.

is

it

these shirts please;

wish to look them over.

ashoofhobn

titsallah sboofi shoo

may

chalis

a'mali ma'roof naooleeni hadolak

il-kd'onisaa bal.iibb

it

it

ma bhibbisli adowwe' 'alaih

on the machine, as

and

do

not

wish

is

it

old

spend

to

much time over it.

Darn the hole in this napkin and
ta'raali^n-nakshe
try to make the design again.
wakt kteer

irti^l-cho'bzk

fi

hada_l-bashkeer

u jarrbi t'aoodi
irkai shakfe

fl

liadeek il-bdbrdai

ko'bll

baki^l-bashakeer mlah?

piece

Insert a

il-kidh kbeer kteer lar-rati

the hole

Are

all

is

into

that blind,

too big to darn.

the other

napkins in

good condition?
sho"()ftho"on

kobllhoon u baslioof

inho"on ho'bm u sharashif is-soofar

w^il-maharim w^ibyootil-mchaddat

ma

byilzamhoonsh tasleeh

jarrib itsheel had61_il-booka'

ba'dlio'bn booka'

dihu

ii

rairhoon

bo"oka'

ii

laish innhot)n bish-

"een iftki il-chiyata 'ala toblha u

sheeleeho^on
inti

ma

iftkeeh

cliiyatteesh hada mleeh

w^imshi

'ala

heez

have examined them

all

and see

that they, as well as the table-

handkerchiefs

cloths,

and

do'orri

pil-

low-cases require no mending.

Try

to take out these spots,

some

are grease and others are fruit

atmar

sharashib hada^l-rata mkatta'

ba'dho'bn;

stains.

The

fringes of this

been partly
are ugly

torn

cover
off;

have

as they

undo the whole seam

and take them off.

Youdidnotsew

this right,

cut

it

and follow a straight line.

ko'oiDsaiim-nomhadolimmazza'een
kteer ista'raleelio'on rabtat ijrooh

hadol il-manashif saroo

irfk'

kteer

an in yista'raaloo ba'd aktar mitl

manashif, ^d'o^seehtf'on
itneelitf'on

wa^de

chiti

These nightshirts

towels,

hem

kobll

fl

are too

much

torn, use them for bandaging.

These towels have become too
thin to serve any longer as

la shikaf,

i'laka

156

cut

tliem

into pieces,

sew a loop
and use them as

tliera,

w^ista'mleeliobnslianiyet

each

to

dusters.

rabara
limniin td'ochlsi min^ir-rati w^il-

When

you have finished the dar-

ning and sewing, put everything

chiyataaoodi kobll ishi la matraho

into its

shoo 'ammalik ta mall ya

place.

What are you doing So~oltane?

mana- I am embroidering a Ramallah veil.

sooltaiie'?

'ammali atarriz mindeel mitl

deel ramallah

meen

Who

'allamik it-titreez?

t'allamto fi_,l-madrase. ho'bnak

hon

fi

sliwi min^illi^'milto

hal-charj ma'mool mleeh

u hoo

min karasta mleeha kteer kteer

ma'mb'ol hal-charj bi makkobk

learned

'allamobnakanianshot)rl_^il-charj

taught you to

at school.

it

were

also taught the

lace.

Here

This lace
it

Is

is

very

of

this lace

btarfl

bi

sobnnara

tislitirli

made.

fine material.

made with

a shuttle

or with a needle?
It is

'ala^s-sobnnara?

very well made, and

is

is

There we
making of

some that

willa bi sdbnnara'?

ma'mobl

embroider?

made with the

Do you know how

needle.
to crotchet?

na'ara achadt saat bi sho^orl^ii-

Yes, I had lessons in needlework

w^is*sobnnara

and crotchet.

ibre

raooshkadir alakisobnnartik, wain

cannot find your crotchet-hook.

Where do you keep

bitchabbeeha?
mal?tobta

'oolbet il-chashab

fi

hadeek ma' il-mkass w^il-ko"osht-

ban w^

jo"()mal

il-mitr

means

in

wooden box with

that

the scissors,

thimble, measure

and hooks and eyes.

il-bikal

'an^it-taks*.

keef it'taks il-yom?

1*

It is

it?

Meteorological Phrases.

How

is

also crochet-book aud-kuittiajj; needle.

the weather to-day?

2*

j^

for

-r-

157

is-sama mrime u ana bachaf inna

The sky

is

The sky

is

clouded and I fear

that

tisbti

is-sama safye

ii

bala ryoom

yom

had a

ii

las-safar

'al

k&n it-taks "atil ij-jot)m'a^l-fatat

bikooa ritib kteer ba'd

il-lail

it is

We

will rain.

it

and cloudless,

clear

an excellent day for a journey.

had bad weather last week.

The night

quite

is

damp

inhar mdayik min ish-shob w_,ir-

after a

sultry day.

ritobbe
btiftkir

inno niyih

yiji

Do you

ra'diye?

think

moosh

I should

'ajeebe

hiha btadat

tir'id

u ana hassait

bi akammin noToktet shit a

mawazeeh kawiye fi hal-

byiuzal

is

amma^r-ra'diyat

towlobsh kteer

ma

coming?

not be surprised.

There it is thundering already,

and I have felt some rain drops.

Have you heavy

rains

blad?
imbala;

thunder-

that a

storm

in

this

country?

bi-

yes, but thunderstorms as a

wala bikobuoo

rule do not last long, nor are

mdbchtreen 'adatan

they severe.

kabl ish-sl)ita btibrik daiman

Before the rains it always lightens.

shobfma ajmalkosil-kadaliMiadak.

Look,

hoo 'alame inn it-taks mleeli

is

biseer bard kteer fl^sh-

marrat

shita ma' inn it-talj w^ij-jleed

nadreen kteer u

kawam

bidobboo

how

It is

It is

beautiful that rain-bow

a sign of fair weather.

sometimes quite

cold in

winter although snow and

are very

rare

and

they

ice

melt

quickly.

habb
il-hawa^sh-shamali

inkalab^il-hawa issa

tili"

or

ida habbhawajbbnbbbirarbifi_shshita

btikdar daiman

tistansir

The wind has changed, there

When
in

a south-west wind

winter you

blows

may always expect

shita

rain.

is-shita nazil mitl_,il-mazareeb'

The

habb hawa kawi shobf keef

il-rabara.

biliflf

h^di zoba'a

is

a north wind blowing now.

rain

is

pouring in streams.

strong wind has risen, see

it

how

whirls up the dust. This

is

a whirlwind.

ish-sharkiye bi^s-saif 'adoo kbeer

la.

1* for

^>cry

n-nabat
2*

lit:

The

east wind, in summer,

is

gieat enemy of vegetation.

plur. of niizrdb gutter of roof.

158

Why

laish hee haik?

hee hamye kteer u bittowwil amrar It

akammin yora hee bitsabbibhatta

tinshaf owrak ish-shajar w_^ibtdbbrtf'ok il-hasheesh

so?
liot

several days;
of

w^il-'obshb

the

owwal

sha'a'

lash-shams

The

hail has

fl

ibtadat tftim

ish-shams

nihna

ii

lazim

shoofkeef sha'a' ish-shams low wan

il-ryoom

tiir

bi

il-hlal

il-alwan

ko^oll

causes the leaves

and

wither

to

done great damage

This

is

the

il-

hobmr w^il-kirmiziye
u hi owwal najra

orange-trees.

ray of sunshine

first

during the last four days.

It is beginning to grow dark.
The sun has already set and we

must hasten

kiddam

nista'jil la

lasts often

to the

hal arbaV iyam il-acheere

rabat

it

trees

kteer
hlida

and

burns the grass and herbs.

darr ashjar il-bobrdkaii

il-barad

it

very

is

is

See,

how

on.

the rays of the setting

sun have coloured the clouds

with
Tlie

all

shades of red and purple.

new moon has appeared and

there

the

is

first star!

inn^il-kamar w^in-njoom bibinoo

The atmosphere in the east is so

clear that moon and stars seem

maddet eed

to be within reach of one's hand.

tareek it-tabbaue

Did you ever see the Milky way

ij-jow fl^sh-shark haik safi hatta

'ala boo'd

Vomrak shoo ft
haik

safl

mitl

ma

in-nada kawi kteer

hee il-yom?
balto

ilbis

so clear as

The dew

is

it

to-night?

very heavy, put on

is

an overcoat.
il-badr tali' u 'an kareeb bibaddid

il-fajr

owwal

rising,

is

it

will

The dawn is visible in the east,

the new day will soon break.

'an

kareeb

yid'afoo

'am

ish-shams

sha'a'atha tareen 'ala roos

hadoleek

moon

w^in-

in-njoom "ammal
titla'

full

disperse the darkness.

biyan fl^sh-shark

nhar ij-jdeed byibtidi

shot)f!

The

is-sdblme

ij-jbal

Look! the stars

sun
His

first

is

the

rising.

rays are coming over

j^onder mountain tops.

rad

in-nashaftowwal hadiis-sanakteer

are paling,

The drought

in this

year was

very prolonged.
ir-rtoobe

sabbabat hadeek ish-

shatawiye haseede mleeha

rakabt najm aboo danab

illi

biyan

The damp

of last winter

has

caused a good crop.

Did you watch the comet which

159

appeared in the sky some raoaths

kabl akaminin shahr fi^s-sama?

ago?
la

ma

rakabtish wala shooft ksoof

No,

ish-shams wala^l-kamar
il-wahad

byikdar

injoomHakreebau
fi

eclipse of the sun or of the

One can

shikaf

ishoof

ktfbll

did not, nor did I see the

moon.

see shooting-stars almost

every night.

laile

During the summer you may have

often an opportunity to see a

mooddet is-saif b3'ikdar il-wahid

amrar kteere irakib is-sarab*

mirage.

salamat, mjamalat, sho^okr,

t'issif, taiab, i'tidar,

u rair

Compliments,

Salutations,

tahane

Thanks, Regrets, Requests,

Excuses, Congratulations, etc.

ashya

Salutations.^
sabbhak* bi_ ]-chair or sabah

Good morning^

il-

{lit:

May He

meet you with goodness

chair or nharak sa'eed

in the

morning).

Answer

sabahak or nharak sa'eed

yis'id

imb^rak or

yis'id

nharik sa'eed or allah

May He make your mor-

has-sabah

ning happy.

ma ik

Good day

(lit

May your

f.

sing.

day be happy).
all ah

yihfaskoom

God

Answer'.

Good bye

bchatrak

protect you.

{lit:

With your

leave).

Answer: In peace.

ma' is-salame

Good evening

masseek bi^l-chair

{lit:

May

H"e let

your evening be happy).

yisid masak

Answer:

May He make your

even-

ing happy.

Good night

laitak sa'eede

{lit:

May your

night

be happy).
lailtak sa'eede

mbarake!

Answer:

May your

night be happy

and blessed.
1*

lit:

star piece-s.

given, generally, of the

red to the vocabulary.

2* instead of
first

of

3* The

Ir-

literal translation is

each group only, for the rest the student

4* for habbahak

the person or persons addressed.

5*

The

6* for imasseek

suffix

is refer-

must be adapted

to

When

160

passing some one on the road:

marbaba

Welcome!

marhabtain or

marhaba

alf

Afiswer

Health

il-'awafe^ or ya'teek^il-'afye

w^ichalleek or

allah i'afeek

allah

to

you

out

be at ease).

double spreading out!

May He give you health

May God give you health

Ansiver:

and let you i. e. live.

body be well^l
Answer: May he keep his^ body

afeek

May

badano

sahl.i

a spreading-

{lit:

i. e.

badano isallmo

his

well!

Greetings to

When

a Visitor.

so?ne one knocks at the door:

tfaddaP or na'am

Please come

ahlau u sahlan or alilan u sahlan

Heartily welcome

alf

marhaba or ya meet ahla

met

{lit:

You have

parentage and

your

come upon a smooth path)*.

Answer The ahla and sahla wish

u sahla or ahla ahla ahla!

1-mitahbil

fi

of

Help yourself.

in.

be

fulfilled in

him who
wishes

To an honoured person one adds

to

guest

is

it.

Welcome! blessinghas come upon us.

ahlan hallat 'alaina^l-barake

To an infrequent

this greeting

said after the salutation:

What

shoo jara hatta sharraftna?

has

happened

that

you

have honoured us?

ma

mnistarneesh 'an

ya

il-fadl

Answer

We

cannot

We

mooshtakeeu ya afandi

do without

your favour,

seedi

have a longing

sir.

you]

[for

afandi^!

Answer: And

u nilma bi^l-akta^^

we

in the

augmentation^,

min zaman

1* for

ma

For a long time you have not

sharraftnash

visited or honoured, us.

il-'a

2* This salutation
3*

ma

zoortnash or

is

The Arabic word

gesture.

educated.

4*
6*

/.

i.

e.
e.

used only
is

used in

you are

to

workman, and always

many

'not a

in the 3rd

person.

senses such as "please" accompanied by

burden to

us.

5*

Form

of address to the

have a greater longing.

161

Please rest yourself.

tfaddal istreeh

meen shafak

Answer

istarah

He who

sees you has

rested.

When

offering Refreshments.

Asking for something:

shdorbet mai

chatrak

kallif

Please

let it cost

(lit:

your plea-

sure) a drink of water

hadir or hadir 'ala rasi

Answer:

'aini

ii

Bringing
tfaddal!

the water

am ready or Ready,
my head and my eye.

upon

or ala rasi u 'aini

one says:

mamnoon

Answer: Thanks.

Please!

After one has drunk those present utter the tvish

To your

haniyan!
allah ilianneekoom

ichallee-

kolDm

welfare.

Answer: May God give you well

being and let you {i. e. live).

The drinking one says:

bi^sirrkoom or mahall To your health

sirrkotim or

ment,

'amir

or,

in

(Hi:

Your sacra-

your

sacrament,

or a built house^).

Those present say in ansiver

to

his

wish

Double health or

sahiitain or yihnalak^

May

it give you
enjoyment.

After having drunk coffee one says

daime

Always*.

Answer of

the host

or a member of his family

May God

allah ideeni hayatak

Phrases

of

let

your

life

continue.

Assent.

"ala rasi u "aini

At your service lit: My entirety

upon your account,
Under your command,
Upon my head and my eye.

tikram

Be honoured,

bahibb akaddim lak cliidame

I love to do a service for you.

taht

hsabak

'ala

kot)lli

amrak

1* One must never make a request until seated, especially when the request
a personal one when, if possible, it must be postponed until the end of the
3* for yihna lak.
2* /. e. May your house be inhabited by yourself.
visit.
4* <. e. May you always have coffee under the same joyful conditions as now.
mai/ God
If coffee is offered in a house of mourning one says: allah yirhamo
is

show mercy

A Manual

to

him

/'.

e.

the deceased.

of Palestluean Arabic.

15


mill

162

On account

shanak

of you.

For your honour.

For the sake of your

koormalak

min shan chatrak

will.

Thanks,
mamnoon

Much

kattir* chairak;

obliged.

May He

increase

your possessions.

mamnoon

kteer; Msht;

mamnoon

much obliged;
Much obliged

Very

hibtfak la achir daraje

degree
allah ikafeek "anni

You have
to the last

lived:

[for]

your kindness,

May God recompense you

in

my

stead.

Regrets,
ana

kteer

mit'assif

'ala

kalami

regret

much my hard words.

1-kasi

ma

miskee)!

poor one,

bachto!

a'tal

ya haram!

how bad

is

his luck J

forbidden thing!

Requests and Excuses,

batrajjak t.Vmal ma'o hal-ma'roof

bihyatak^o/'bi'aidakorbisliarafak!
bihj'at^

ooladak il-ralyeen

'alailv

you do him this favour,

By your life or by your morality
by your honour o>- by the life of
I

beg

your children who are dear to you.

dachlak or dacheelak or dacheel

implore you.

implore

'ardak

Jfhen wishing
dastoor.

to

excuse oneself or wishing

tfaddal

bi^l-idn.

idnak

your

morality.
to

go:

Answer Please,
With permission. Ansiver: Your

Permission.

ma'ak

is

with you.

shall never forget

your kind-

permission

Congratulations and Good Wishes.

When

ma

taking leave:

mninsasli ma'roofak

abadau

We

ness,
allah JkObn nia'ak; allah ibarkak

inshallah btitwaffak

Wish

God be with you. God bless you.

If God will may you succeed.

after shaving, hair cutting or bathing:

na'eeman
1* for ikattir.

May
* for bi liiya(tak).

it

do you good.

;;

buttercup

cypress

Cabbage

Daisy

liannoon atjfar
malfoof
sabr
cactus
calyx kd()mm ez-zihre
kdbnl) ez-ziihra
camomile baboonij; krai'a

caper

kabar

cardamou
carob
carrot,

white

cn=;tor-oil

balahi
date, fresh
date, dried 'ajwe

jazar
lift

plaut

charwa'

t-miut hasheesh el-ko'ott;

na'na'
catch-fly mdb?aig;ko^ttain
(11

el-raal

cauliflower karnabeet;
zahr; kanabeet
cedar arz
celeiy
kirlis

wild kol3rfo~bn
cherry karaz
chestnut kastana
chicory hindbe
chickpea ho"ommo"b
chervil
bakdoonis

of

bailasan
eryngo ko~brs'anne
eucalyptus shajare-50omr
euphoi bia hilbe
Fennel shomar; basbasi
teen
fig
daifoor
fig, early
elder

hasheesh^ esh-

wort

fig

shoke

celery,

chrysanthemum lowwander
(.innamou
cistus

kirfe

jibra; koXtmmaile

citron
trolinj:
ko~bbbad
clematis
ma^a; shabatbat
clover
barseem
cocoauut joz hindi
coffee-tree
bo"onn

colchicum
colocynth

wada'a
hausal

colrabi

kro'onb
convolvulus shdbbrol^k
tiujan el-kadi
libb esh-shajara
coriander ko'bzbara
corn kamh
ikleel ezcorolla
taj 11
zihre
cress jarjeer

cor

cress,

crocus

water

rashad

za'faran; ko'brko'om

cucumber

chiar

filbert
fir

ti'ee

es-soosann

hyssop zofa

Indigo neel
habab el-mas;ikeen
ivy
juniper

ddbra
corn siibal
earthnut fo~bsdka lb
baitinjan
egg' plant

Ear

yAsmeen

lizzfib; 'ar-ar

Knotweed

Ijo'oddab

Larkspur mihmaz
rar

laurel

lawanda chzam
warak

lavender
leaf

toom; ko"orrAt
lemon, sour lemoon hamid
lemon, sweet lemoon liiloo

leek

'adas

lentil

lettuce
lichen

chass

bahak el-hajar

licorice root
lily

irk es-soos

zambak 169X

lupine to"ormo~bs

bdbndo'bk
kraish

Mahogany

kittan 5a
zhoor
flower

tree

shajar
el-kabii

flax

tamar
Oarlic toom
geranium wild

maidenhair sak el-aswad

maize do'bra afra

fruit

mallow cholibbaize;

or el-'ajocz
germander kamaudra;ji'de

mantoor

mallow, Jews

mloochiye

yoosoof

afendi

mandrake yabrooh;

tooflVih

mandarin

ginger

ziinjabeel
gladiolus
dalboot
globe-thistle
=akkoob
golden rod tiyoon

grape

ko'otf 'inab;

-ankood

^rape, cluster of nnab

grape, unripe ho"osro"om
grass
hasheesh; ^o'bshb
grass, feather
halfa
grass, scutch
enjeel

greengage

Hawthorn

barkook
boot; za'rdbr

hemlock showkaran
hemp klnnab
henna henna
herb cho"bdar; hasheesh
hoUyhock chifmiye

cho'bt-

miye

ibrit er-

ra.i

gilliflower

min

o"b]kinto"os; no'

Jessamine

dom

tree

l^ishr;

hyacinth

dura

cbarroob

carrot, yellow

husk

saroo
o"okho~bwan

dandelion -ilk
darnel
zawan
date-tree
tamr; nacble

doom

hail

191

ej-jinn

maple

do'bbb;

mai-joram

medlar

kaikab

za'tar
za'^roor

melon, sugar batteechasfar

melon, water batteech

mimosa littain; salamon

mignonette isleeh; baleeha
farue; aboo irwais; -arnoos
hasade
mint ua-na
mulberry toot
mullein

shajarat ed-dibk;

'awarwar

mushroom

fdotr; 'o'oshb

el-rirab

mustard chardal; chirdaile

cucumber, Arabic fakkoos honey- wort lis;in el'-'o^ogfoor myosotis adan el-far
cucumber, squirting fakkoos honey-suckle zahr el-'asal myrtle himblas; ;is
Narcissus rdbnjdos; bzak
el-ehmar horeliound ikraiha
horse-tail kat' wal, mishen-nabi
cumin kammoon
nettletree ko'orrais; banat
shir
cyclamen gaboonit er-ra'i;
en-nar
karuain el-razal hound's tongue lisan el-kalb
instead of

192
nightshade dnah it-ta'lab
baudorat el-htye
nut joz

nutmeg joz

Oak

et-teeb
balloot

sindyan
oak, evergrreen
shoofan ho1)rtman;
oats
;

.;hart;'il

oleander
olive fruit

difla

zaitoone

poplar

hor

poppy

chashchash

potato
pulse

batata
katani

pumpkin kar'; koosa

pumpkin round yakteen
purslane
(Quince

Radish
raisin

bakle; farfaJtieen
safarjal
fijl

zbeeb

93

GENERAL.
Al)ai

';ib;"iyt;

ibandou

lb

tarak

al)ase oneself

t\v;"ida-

ibbreviate iclita^ar
iclitis;ir
ibbreviation
abdicate ista-fa
ibdication
isti'-fa
ibdomeu batn; karsli
kazz, ihtakr
ibhor
iibhorreiice

ilitik;ir

ability

imk^iii

abject

Achir d-iiaje

be 71R. 114 kidir

aboard adv.
'al-markab
abode maliall il-ikame
abominable dani
abomination rajas: karah
'

able,

aboitioQ
tarh
.Inuind malishe,mhasli.s}iak

takreebau
;ibont to 'raih 199
ilioiit

;ibout wliat?

above adv.,
alireast adv.
ddorri
abroad chHrij
riyar

abrogation
taryeer
abruptly lialan
abscess ddbmmal c
absence raibe, ryab
absent, be vab 126,->
absent minded sarih,tayish
absolute
b^il-ko'l^Uiye
;ibsolve v.

hall

absorb mas;;, nashsh

absorption
nashsh;, ma.ss
abstain
mana'
abstinence imtina'
abundance katra
abuse v. ihtakar
abyss ka'
accelerate
ista'jal
accept, please tfaddal 142.

accept

banded

s.

kibil

tUi'iwal

114

when

143.3

acceptable
makbool
acceptance ko'obool
access
do'ochool
accessible
mdiDrnkin

il-

ho~oool 'alaih

accident 'arid; hadi 'atil

accidental bi^^^-^itfe
accommodate o.s.kiyafuafso
accompany rafak 139. 1

]tlanual of

shkawe r
adoration
ikram r
accusation
accuse shaka 127 ishtaka 148 adore akram
adulterate zowwaf, rashsh
accused n. il-mashki 'alaih
accustom s. o. to 'owwad -ala advance (go forward)
accustom o.s. to t'owtkaddam 142.

wad
ache
ache

v.

'ala 137.

wajja'; allam

waja= 5a alam 5a
h;imid 169 axeed

acknowledge i-taraf
acknowledgement i'tiraf r
acquaint 'arraf "ala
acquaintance ma'rfe 169
acquiesce sadak 'ala, kibil
acquiescence ko'bbool r
acquire
kisib 114 hassal
acquit barra
acquittal
tabriye
act V.
'imil, fa'al
act tactfully
sas 126. 1,
tsarraf
act deceitfully
ihtal 147
act n.
'amal 4a
action
kiteet il-'amal
action reaches climaxl27. 2
active
'amil
activity
^amal 4a
actual
hakeekatau

adapt

add
add

0. s.

t'owwad

'ala

jama'

zad 126. 2
addicted to miyal la
addition jam' 6b
address v. kallam 136
address (letter ) 'inwau r
address (speech) chitab r

adj ure

hallaf

administer

twakkal

sallaf

170,
ifade r
molifeed
r

advantageous nafi';
adversity deeka r
advertisement i'lan r
advertise
aMan
advice n. mashoora r;
naseeha
advise shar, nasah
advocate mhami r
adze kaddoom 12. 172
affair

amr 6a

-amal 4a;

maslaha 170
lateef kteer

affectionate
afflict

mabli

affliction

afford
afraid

bala,

kadir

baliye.lO

-ala

chayif
ba'd 76
afternoon
ba-d es-soljhr
afterwards ba'dain
after

again marra tanye

against (opposed) didd 78
(direction) lajihagainst
het;

to

adhere tmassak hi
adherent za'eem 8
adjoining dakik
adjourn t'ajjal

Falestinean Arabic.

advance (money) v.
advantage manfa'a

u.

acid

'an aish

24
prop, aktar min

ilirogate

administration
wikale r
accomplice midnib maidara
accomplish kiimmal
admirable -ajeeb
[jib]
accord adan
accordance with, in bi mow- admiration -ajeebe 12
t-ajjab
admire
according- to biua'an 'ala
admit sallam hi
accordingly lihTida
admit (enter) dachal 135.1
account n. hisab r
admonish vvabbach
account of, on bisabab
accountant mhasibji 162 admonish (preachj wa-as 122
sadak
admonition towbeech r
accredit
adopt tbanna
accumulate jama,
jam" (5a
adoption tbiniii 162
accumulation

nahoo

age 'dbmr 4a
mchatyir
aged
agent so'omsar

agha ara 166. .5

agree upon ittahad 145. 2
agree with wafak
agreeable makbool
agreeable, find istahla 153
agreement

ittifak

agreement, keep

hafas

kalamo
19


agreement, make

t'ahad
1'
143.

and

aid n. msa'ade
aim V. t'ayaa

marma 169 raye

hawa pi. ah wive
bala hawa
airless
aim

n.

air

alas!

'ateek,

become

kadeem

angel malak 174X

anger kahr
angle zawiye
angry, be zi'il, ridib 114
angry za'lan, radban 176.2

jo'bl

bala nasariye
arch v.'^akad 113.1.2
arch n. 'akd

archangel rayis el-malaike

archbishop rayis il-asakfe
or il-matarne
archdeacon rayis shamamse
arched ma'kood
architect
mhandis 167

rwak

archway
ardent

riyoor

argue

tnasar

announce a'lan IV F
annoy kahar, ras
annoyance kahr; r;"iis

aritlimetic

annual kobll sane, sanawi

ark

allow adan

anoint masah
another rair 35

arm
aim

idu

allude

lammah

allure

rarr 116,2

takweem

almanac

answer
answer
r,

name
Almighty the

il-kadeer

almost takreeban
suff
alone wahd80;la hal
along 'ala tool
alphabet alef ba; hroof il-

hija

nahoo

already
also

kaman

altar

rah wan
rah wan

n.

makman

ambush

169,

kameen
American
amiss

among

amerikani 161

'itib

amnesty

'afoo

bain

amputate kata'
amulet hjab La.

hirz

6a

'ooze r tahweeta r
kaif, lahoo
amusing, m'anis, anees

amusement

145;

hamm

r. f.

mnasara

argument

hisab

fo"blk
v.

sallah

n.

eed, dra'

armful
arm-pit

arms

army

136. 1

'ibt

bat 6b.N

slab
jaish 6a

around hawala
arouse fiyak, nabbah
arak -arak

anange rattab 136

arrangement tarteeb

any shee, ishi, hiyallah 36 array v. saff 116.2

arrest habas 113.2
any more shee ba'd
arrival wo'b.'>ool r. f.
apart mafrook
i'tadar
'idr

6a

farmashi 162
apparition soohoor

hd^^bb ish-shihra

v.

idtarab

apothecary

k:irib

amble
amble

anxious be

apostatise
tarak deeno
apostle
rasool pi. rdbso-ol

amass jamma'
ambassador safeer 3
ambition

answering
wikr en-naml
ant-hill
anvil siddan pi. sadadeen
anxious mo"bsh mirtah

apology

taryeer
ma' inu

although
alum shabbe
always daiman

amber

radd. 6a
radid 165.1

apologise

madbah 169

alteration

jawab 139.4
jawab 5. R2

n.

ro"bz-

el-

arbitrary

bij-jobrnmle
all, in
kal; idda'a
allege
136.3
alleviate
ralialafe
alliance

allowance

ho^okm

hakam

animate, hi
ankle kahil
anklet chrrolchal 171 hob-

kali
kobil 34

hakam

arbitrament

wa

tafran

131

hiyi

'arab

arbiter

animal hiwtm 166.4

alkali

aU

u,

marsa 10a

ya wail 89. 3

alight V. hatt 'ala

mitl
alike
alive,

Arabs

ancestor jidd 6a

anchor
ancient

agriculture zira'a
sa'ad
aid v.

194

appeal do'o'a, istid'a

appear sahar 113.3 inshaf
appearance shofe
appetite kabliye 191b
applaud istahsan
apply (ask) sa'al 'an
apply ista'mal
appoint 'lyan 137
appointed be t'iyan

appointment ta'yeen r. f.
appreciate kaddarish-shee
keemto
approach v. iktarab 145.1
(min or la)
approve istaswab
apron wazra
Arabic

'arabi 161

arrive wiil 121

arrogance killit il-haya
arrogant kaleel il-haya
arrow nashshab r.f.
arsenal to"bbbchana r, tarasana r
zirneech, too'm
arsenic
fann 6a
art
sharyan 171
artery
waja' al-mafagil
arihritis
radr
artifice
jiani' 9
artisan

toobajiye
mitl 78
fast as 127.2
if
ka'in
often as
kooU
soon as halan

artillery

as
as
as
as

as

ma

ascend tili' 'ala

ascending tali' 165.2
chamees
Ascension day
i-$'ood

ascertain

akkad

make

ashamed,

chajjal
186.1

ashamed misthi
ashes ramad, sakan
ashore tili' 'al-barr
ash-tray aianfada 170
aside
.ala janb
sa'al 117
ask
ask counsel istashar 152
ask (demand) talab 118. 5
ask for dismissal ista Ja 153
ask, forgiveness istarfar l50
ask, permission ista'danloO
asleep, fall
ni'is
hidde
asperity
sabb, bahdal
asperse

bahdale

aspersion

r;

ma-

jama'
jam'iye 191b

assertion

iddi^a

istachas^ 151
assist sa'ad 139.1
assistance msa'ade r; m'oone
shreek 8
associate
assume (office) istalam
assure yakkan I36.4akkadli
t'akkad
assured, be

assuredly min ko~bll bidd

astonished mit'^ajjib; mad-

hoosh
at
fi;
bi;
at any rate

Mnd; "ala
halt kan; 'ala
ko'oll hal

owwalan i9

at Urst

authority

autumn

atone
attach

kafir
jovv

tab
0.

dachal ma"';

indamm

la

istansar
fak 126. 2
fadee"

zyara

machraz 169

awl
axe

balta r

axis

mihwar

axle

dinjil

gahr 6a
bacon dihu chanzeer
backing (carriage) tarjee'
backward warrani 175 R2
bad (: evil) radi, mo'bsh
tiyib 176 R
badly off, pretend to be
tbarbak
bag kees 4a
bag, travelling shanta r
bail

kfale r

fo'orn

hizme

ko'ojje 2

tabe r

bank (river etc.) shati 13.3

bank mak'ad 169a
banker bankaji 174
bankrupt iflas
banner bairak 169, boon-

beam

jisr 7

beard dakn 5b, lahye 2

ajroode 174
beardless one
wahsh 6b
beast (wild)
beat darab, chabatll3.
beat into pieces dakdakl54
beatitude

tooba r

beautiful

sareef 178

daira 174
136. 1

'ammad

baptism 'o"ommad
barbarous barbari 162
barber hallak r

'ala

yadd; hatta;

bi hait;

min

hait

shan
beckon wama 129
become ar 126. 2; 219
become again 'ad 126* 1
idtaja' 145
bed, go to
bed frash la
bed-cover lihaf la
bedaub jarmak, wassach

because
r

bear young wilid 122. 136.4

bear (carry) hamal

ta;

kabkoobe
ball of yarn
bandage n rabta r
bandage v rabat
manfa
banishment

baptise

176.

bayonet sanka r
bay (sea) chaleej
be cf. 71- 216 if.
beach shafi
bead charaz
beak minkar 171

because

iikra'

balla,

hafl

bargain v. *awam, fasal

bark v. 'owwa
machzan 169, tabbarn
ban 171 RN
barracks kishla 2
barmeel 173
barrel
barrel (rifle) kasabet il-baroode
barren mo'bsh mobchib or
mo'btmir
barter
sawam 139. 4
basalt
hajar bo^orkan
based upon mabne 'ala
bashful
sahib haya
basin
hod 4a
basket rush
ko'olfe 4b
basket wicker salle 4b
basket, large
kafeer, sail
bath hammam 167.2
battalion
o'orta
battle
mowka'a

Back

attention
intibah r. f
attentive
dayir bal 176
attest
shihid
attract
injadab

tjannab

avoid
await

banister darabzeen 167. 2

hassal
attainment taheel
attempt v. jarrab 134
attend hidir
attead to (sick) 'alaj
attend to dabbar

attain

attendance

hibe r
chareef

ista'mal
s.
avarice
tama'
avaricious tamma' r

ball

ittafak ma';

avail 0.

acheeran 49
'al-harik 76
at the beginning bi^l-owwal
at the end
bi^l-acheer
bald
at the most
'al kteer 78
bale
at last

atmosphere

r
r

bake chabaz 113.2.5

baker chabbaz r
bakery mahall il-cho"obz,

at once

atheist

masmoo'

auger (tool) barreeme

aunt (maternal)
chale
aunt (paternal) "amme
author m'allif r

awful

s. o.

barefoot

mazad

awake

sa'a

assemble
assembly
assign

attractive jadib
auction mazad r. f.
auctioneer
biya' bi_^l-

avenge
intakam
average m'addal 176.

sabbe
aspire

195

audible

of

'ala

bed-room

odit

bed-sheet
bed-8tead

sharshaf 169
tacht 7

Beduin

in-nom

badawi 161

beef lalim bakar

beer beera
before (in front) ko'oddam
before
(in time) kabl

11

beg
beg

sLahad

bivouac 'ardiye
black aswad 180.

beget wallad
beggar shahhad r
begin bada 127. 3. 1-48;
begin to do sar 219. 2
beginning bdaye
bebead kati' ras
behind war a 62
behold!

black,

blame
blame

being n. dat pi. dawat

beleaguerer mhasir r
aman 139.2
believe

eeman

o.

minfach 17
batn 6a
belong to chass
taht

zoonuar 171
bend lawa 130 liana
benefit u.
ni^me 2
bent, be
inlawa 144. 4
berry
habbe 6
beside janb
belt

rair 35: ""ada

''an

139. 1

shart 6a
bet n
betray
chau
betroth
chatab 113. 5
chdbtbe r
betrothal
betrothed be chatib 176.
o.

s.

istalaJi

145.

between bain 67
beware of cf. 16

Bey

baik 166. 5

beyond ''alahadak ish-shati

Bible
bier

big
big,

torah
na^sh
kbeer 90a. 156

make o.s. tkabbar 142.

marara
hsab 166.4
billow
raime

bile

bind
bird
birth

bishop

6a
wilade
molttrau 171, dosko^bf

bitch
kiilbe
'add 116. 2
bite V.
'adda r
bite n.

174N

Beduiu zarbocl
bootblack boyaji 167. 2.R
booty raneeme
bore V. kadah 113.3
boring tkeel id-damm
183 Rl

jaddaf

borrow

tajdeef

bosom

ist'ar

152

''o'bbb

bow

n faklo'ble 174

block Vo^ormiye pi. kaiami

blood
damm
blossom v. nowvvar 137.1
blossom zahra 6b
blouse bloose
blow v. nafach 113 5
blow (wind) u nafch
blue V.
nival
blue azrak ISO. 1
blue, become
izrakk 149
blunt
mlallam
board, wood chashabe,16h
board, feed
ta'am; akl
boast V. iftachar, fashshar
boast n. iftichar, tafsheer
boaster imfashshir
boat flooka 12
boatman bahri 167. 4R
bobbin mkabb razl
bodice idriye
body (animate) jism 6a,

badan 5b
body (inanimate) jism,
hajm 6a

fowwar 137
tar 126.

boil (disease) habbe,

tair

boot

boot, led

bliss sa'^ade

boil over

rabat

boot

blind
a'ma
blinded, be in'ama 144.4
blindness 'ama

boil V. rili
boil (milk)

bill

book kitab la
bookbinder mjallid 165. 3
bookdealer ko~btol)bi 162
book shelf raff ko'^ito'bb

tuainhdbm
kanneene r
bottom ka'^ 6a
bough far' 6a
bunuciary
hadd 6a
bounds
ihdood
bouquet tishkeele r
bow V. hana, Iowa

blister

hasar 139. 1
best-man shibeen 12
bestow bachshash; ahda
bet V. sharat 139. 1 rahan

better

hir;im soof

blemish
'ar
barak
bless
bltssing barake

bellow

besides
besiege

bleat
ma"a
bleed v. fasad 113. 5

belly

below

n.

blaspheme
blasphemy

jaras nh

bell

lam 126.
lom

v.

blanket

saddak

s.

belief

become iswadd 146

blacking booya
blacksmith haddad r
bladder kees il-mai
blade nasle 4b

shoof; laik

believe

mo~orr

bitter

trajja

(ask^i

196

tdbl"^

boiled
maslook
bold jasoor
bolt n
sakkata
bondage 'o'bboodiye r

bone

"asm 4a

both

bottle

kos pi. kwas

bowels am'a, masareen
bowl sahn 6a
box V)olbe r sandook 172
buy
walad 5a sabi 11
braces
bracelet

hammalat
iswar 17 IR

bracelet, glass

dimlij 169

dimar 6b
bran nchale

brandish

hazz

brain

bta,sier

brass

lolah,

kanoon 14
nhas agfar

brave sho^oja"
bray .shanhak 154
breach fisch, shookk
bread clio'obz, cho'bbez
bread, loaf of irreef 11
breadth "ard 6a
break kasar 113.1
break out (disease) fasha
127.1

break into pieces kassar 134

breakable kabil it-takseer;
byinksir
breakfast v. fatar 113.4
breakfast n. ffoor r
bizz 4a
breast (fem.j
sidr 6a
breast
breath nafas 5a
breathe tnaffas
breechloader baroodefa.shak

bieeze

bribe v.
bone-setter jabbar. mjabbir bribe n.

naseem
bartal 154
barteel 173

13

11 1 1

brick
toob c
bricklayer banna toob
'arbos 12
bride
brideg-room 'arees 11
bridge jisr 6a
lajam 136.
bridle v.
lijam r. f.
bridle n.
brigade
liwa pi. alwiye
bright lami", mishrik

bring jab 124

bring back radd 116b
bring in fowwat 137
bring out talla' 136.
bristle n.
sha'r chinzeer

broad
broil

'areecj 91a. 181.

Caliph

miyal 137
nida
caller out
mnadi 167.

bundle
burden

dolimme r
hizmer, bdbkje
himl 5a

burial

dafn

burn

r. f.

ishta'al;

shabak

burnt, be ihtarak
burst infajar, infazar
bury dafan 113.
bush darl 5a
business
shdorl 5a
business matter da'we 170

busy mashrool
but vvalakin, la kin
butcher lahham r
butter

zibde

cooked semen
button zirr 4a
buttonliole'irwel59. 168.2
buttress sande r, ro^bkbe 2
buy ishtara
butter,

A Manual

kasi
callow jalbobt
calm hadi, sakit
calumny washi; namm c

callous

brother ach pi* ichwe

brought, be injab 144. 1
brown asmar 180. 1
brush V. farsha
brush n. fdbrshai
brush, paint foorshait dh;in
brutish
fass
bubble fo'okkai'it mai
bucket daloo
buckle bo'okle 2
bud V. tala_k, atlak IV F
bugle nafeer 3, boori
build
banii 127
builder banna pi. banayeen
building 'amar 166. 4 binii

bunch

3R

name) samm
nadah 113. 3 naV.
da 140 da'a 145. 2
(

call n.

mo'oko'onse 170

go'olle r

chaleefe

call at

174N

bullet

in

takweeml67.2ro"ozname

call

sar 142.

broom

catalogue birnamij,katal6g

b; cunning inbal
'ala 144 2
cake ka'k
calamity mageebe 12
calculate
hasab 113.2
calendar
mafbooch 172,

broken be, into pieces tkasbroker

so'bmsar
brook sakye 13.

cast V. (metal) sakab

cast-iron
badeed sakb
castle
kagr 6a
castrate chaga
bi_^-idfe
casual

cackle v.
l^aka
cage kafag 5a

cage

camp mahatt

r. f,

can 71R, 219. 2R

canal kanai r
candle sham'a r
candlestick sham'adan

r.f.

cane
'aga pi. 'dbgi
cannon madfa' 169
canvas kmash kloo'
cap tfirbobsh 172
rasmal 167.
capital
captain ko'bbtan 171
captivity

sabi

caravan kifl 5a
card, playing
shadde
cardboard kartoon
care for

i'tana

care, take! deer bal+suff.

care

take ijtahad
don't care cf. 85
hidir
carehil

care,

of,
I

intabah
bidoon hadar;
mo'ohmal

careful, be

careless
careless,

how!

ma ahmal

carpenter, najjar 165.3

carpet
sijjad r. f.
carpet, smooth
bjat la
carriage 'arabiye; karroosa
carrier
'attal 165. 3
carrionjeefe2.N2ftee?!e 12
carry
hamal 113. 2
cartridge
fashak c
case, in any 'ala ko'bll hal

of Palestioeaa Aiabic.

197

buyer 'ameSl 3
buzz wazz
by u, wa 62
Cabin oda fi_l-markab

call V.

shawa

cataract (eye)
mai zarka
catarrh rashh
catch V.
misik 115 safar
145. 1

catechism

katakeesmdos

Catholicism katlake
caught, be inmasak 144
cause n.
sabab 5b
cause V.
sabbab
cautious
hidir
cave mrara lb. 12
cease
battal 136, 1
ceiling
sath 6a
celebrate 'iyad 137. 1
celebrated 'ageem 178

mashhoor

machzan

cellar

cement

ardi

shimeento

censer mabchara
centre markaz 169
century jeel 5a
ceremony rasm, taks 6a
akeed
certainly
certificate

shhade

kadoora
cesspool
chaff tibn
chain jauzeer 173sinslel70
chair
ko'orsi 169
chalk tabashoor
chance, by bi,^?-idfe
chancel mlmbar 169
change n. tabdeel 167.
change v.
riyar 137. 1;
?rafe
change (coins)
changed be (money) ingAraf 144

channel
chaplain
chapter
character
charcoal

sakye 13. 3
kaplan
fal 6a abab

r. f

tab'

fahm

charge s. o. v.
charge (cost)

wasa
si'r

5a

charity
ho'onoo
chaste 'afeef 181
chastise
addab 136. 2
chastity
'Iffe
chat hadeet c

cheap
cheat

181
rashsh

rcheet!
V.

cheek chadd 6a

20

fi


cheekbone

fakk 6a
farhan
cheese jibn c
chemise kamee? 11
chess
lob'bet ish-shatranj
chest (box)
sandook 172
chest ?idr 6a
chew 'alak 113.2 lak 126.1
cheerful

kayid pi. koowad

child
walad 4a
chills
bardiye 163
chimney madchane 170
chin fakk 6a daku 6a
chief

china

kishani 161R

(adj.)

China

it'-een

chisel

sinsal

171

choose

ichtar 147;

o.s.

ithabba

chop

kassar; katta"

maseehiye
Christmas 'eed il-meelad
church kaneese 12
cigarette

dibM

sigara r
kirfe

daire 13.2
circumference ko"obr;hajm;
circle

dayir
beer 4a
proverb darab; matal
cited, be
intalab
city
mdeene lb
cistern

claim

talab

adeeb

coat,

Europ. ako

pi.

compelled,

mshamma'

coat, rain

cocksure ralees ed-danab

coffee
kahwe 164
coffee-cup
finjan 171
sarf 6a
coffee-cup holder
coffee house keeper kahwaji 164
coffin taboot 14
cohabit daja'
coherent mitwail
coin Imle c nkood c
cold (adj.)
bardan 176.2

bard
bard 163

cold n.
colic

marg
kabbe

class-room

claw

coloured

clan
hamoole 12
clap the hands
zakkaf
n.

gaff 6a
machlab 169

Ey daraje
clay
trab, teen
clean v.
naddaf 136.1
clean vessels jala 127.1
clean
ndeef 181
cleaned, be t'azzal
cleanliness
nadafe
clear v. (weather) gihi 137.2
clear away
'azzal 136,1
clench his teeth kazkaz
class,

'ala
cleft

shi^l^

6a

snano

jeere
rafeek 3; 'asheer 3
company jama'a; shirke
comparatively bi^,n-nisbe
compare kabal

collect

column

mlowwan
'amood 14

comb V. mashshat 136.1

comb n. moosht 5b
come aja 128
come in sight wafad 122
come near to akbal 'ala
come upon (befall) hall
'ala

comet
comfort

coming

be
iltazam
145.1 injabar

ko'bmbaz 171.

long

collar

daVe

community
companion

comparison mkabale
compass ibret il-marnateea
compassion shafaka
^akat compassionate hanoon 176.1

coat sitre 2

jama"^
college
kdblliye r.f.
colonel
meer alai
colour Ion 5a

r.f.

tarak 'o'omoomi
communion(eccles.) il-'asha
r-rabbani

164

cite

civil (polite)

common (low) dani

common (to several) mdosh-

coarse
chishin 176.1
coastland sahil 13.1

coat,

Christ il-maseeh
Christian nobgrani; maseehi
Christianity
id-dyane^l-

cinnamon

(a-

"arbaji

tijara

commission komisyon
committee jam*iye

closet

coachman

agfar

intachab 145.1
nakka 187.2

choose for

dar

commerce

hole)
sadd 116a
chazane
cloth
kmash; jo'och;
clothes haje 13.2
cloud n. raira 6a
clouded mriyim
close

wagiye 10

n.

amr 13.1
commander amir;ko"oman-

climb t'amshat
cloak kabboot
clock
sa'a kbeere
clod
talla'a r rabade

clumsy

hawa

command

clergy kahnoot
clever
shatir 179
cleverness
shatara r
cliff
haffet gachr
climate manach

clove krdbnfo'ol c
club
dabboos 172

jok 4a
choke sadd
choir

cholera

198

compensate 'owwad 187

competent kadir; kabil
complain of tshakka min
142 5; ishtaka min
complementv. tjamal 143.1
complete ily) chaLis;kamil
complete v. challag, 136.1

kammal
completion

tacblee?; tak-

meel
compose
compress
compute

allaf

V.

coming, the

"azza 137.2
jai

29

120. 200

rabta r

n.

hasab
concave mka"ar; ajwaf
conceal
chafa; chabba
concealment chifa
concede tsahal
conceit kambara; kdbbriya
conceited
mitkabbir

conceive (woman) hibil

conceive (animal) 'ashshar
conceive towwar
concern v. 'ana
concerning chdogoo?
concession irade; ro'bchsa

msalim
conciliation
msalame;

conciliate

so'oHia

conclude

istadall 151;
istantaj

najm aboo danab

n.

136 2

concrete

tabit

condemn hakam
condescend

v.

'ala

tuazal

condition

shart 6a

coi;dition (state)

Ijal

5a

condole
conduct

"azza
slook
u.
confess
^arr ll6a
confession
i'tiraf
confidence tika
confirm akkad 136.2
confiim (eccles.j tabbat
congeal magal
[144.4
confused, become in'ama
congratulate bArak; hanua
137. 2
congratulation tahinye pi.
tahani
conjecture chamman; gaun
conjure da'^a
connect rabat
conquer istafar 145.1 ihtall

146
conqueror
conscience

safir; yalib

clameer 12
consciousness, return to

wa'a 129
consecrate

tkarras

consent n. ko'obool
consequence nateeje
consider tfakkar; t'ammal
consider s.o. ijasab; ra'a
mo'bra'ah c
consideration
console o.s. t'azza
constitution dastoor
ljo1)ngo"ol 169
consul
contain wisi^ 123; sa' 126.2

hawa 130R
content radi
continent barr
continually
dayim
continue wagal 139.3
continue always dam 126.1
contract, make a f^ahad 143.
contractor mit'ahhid
contradict dadad
contrary adj. adv. (Jidd
convenience r;'iha
convent dair 6a
conversation
mahka
converse itsalla 142. 5
conviction
ta'keed
convince o.s. t'akkadl42.2
cook V. tabach 114. 5
cook n. 'ashshi 166. 3
cool V.
barrad 136.
copper nhas
coppersmith nab^ias
copy V. nasach

copy

n.

nooscha

199

moorjan 167. 2
coral
cord chaitma?{ieep, ^eetan
cord for keffiye 'ikal r. f.
cork falleen c

credit "ala^l-bisab
credulous bi^addi^

ko'bll

ishi

kanoon il-eeman

creed
creep

zahaf

corn (foot) mo~bsmarl71

cornelian 'akeek
corner Jj:o~brne pi. Ijo'bran

crier

za"ak

correspond katab
correspondent mkatib

crime jo'brm 7
crime commit a ajram IVF
criminal jani 13.3 mo'ojrim

corkscrew

barreeme

correct v. gallali
corridor
zakook
corrupt fasid
kallaf

tamau

sa'al 113. 5 kaliti

V.

116b

cough

n.

council
counsel

mashwara; mar

court of law mahkame 170

courtesy ihtisham
cover v.
rata
cover n. rata 137. 2 5. 112
covet tama' fi

cramp

cruw V. Vaka
crowbar no'ochl 7
crowd V. zaham 145 b
crowd zabme
crown n. taj 11
crown of head ko'ommet
er-ras

country balad 4a
courage, he has ilo kalb64
courage a. shaja'a
courageous jiri'
majra pi. majari
course
court tosh 11

crack

sdbnnara
crochet-hook so'ounara
crooked malwi
crop
hageede
cross V. (field) marr, marak
min 113.5
cross aleeb 11
cross, be
inkahar
crossing n. 'abbara; mam-

'add 116a

counterfit v.
tkallad
countless takleed, tazweef

cradle

ishtaral 'as-

ral^

majlis 169

shoora

coward

fatas,

m'ad-

mnadi

mkarsah
v.

sa'le

counsel, take
tshawar
143. 3 shawar 139. 4
counsellor mo~bsheer r

count

din;

cripple

tameln, rali
kdbtu 183
cottou adj.
kdbtni 183
couch diwan

cough

from minaret

crochet

mshadd

corset
cost V.
cost n.
costly
cotton

crier

chowweef

shikk 6a
sreer 12

crash

tashanno'oj
dajje

crawl
crazy

dabb 116. 2
habeel 177

cream

kashta

crows-feet ja'dat
crucify
^alab
cruel
kasi
crusader galeebi 167.1
crush
haras
crust kishre
crutch "o'okkaze
cry V.
gah 126. 2
cry V.
(jackal) ""awa 130
cry n.
grach; ?yah
cry of joy
zalfoota
crystal balloor
cuff

ko"omm 5b

cultivate (plants)
ta^'am
culture
adab 183R2

makkar 176.1
cup, glass kadab 4a kas 6a
cupidity tama'
cunning

r. f.

crease
tanye r
create
chalak
created machlool^ 176.1
creation
chaleeka
creator
chalil:
credible, be tgadda^ 142.1

cupola
curdle
cure V.

kobbbe
maal;

'alaj; shafa
cured, let o.s. be t'alaj 143.1
curious (inquisitive) daUoo"
cure jaddoole
curly
aj'ad
curry (horse) hass 116.1
curse V.
sabb

curse V. (God) la'an

curse n.
la'ne; masabbe
curtaiu
bobrdai
custody, give in owda' 141.2
wada""

debt

200

dain 6a

decayed
deceit

m'affin 176.1

makr;

deceive rashsh 116.2;

deceiver rashshash; makcustom 'ade 13.
kar
custom ( duty) koomro'ok 164 deception rishsh; makr;
customer ziboon 12
chida'
custom-house offic. ko~bm- decide. a question anha
rdokji 164
il-mas'ale
ka5 116b
cut V.
ho'bkm 5a
decision
cut D.
kassa
declare good
istachwa
cut off kata'
150
cutlet

kasfalaita
snooj c

cymbal

Dagger
daily

chanjar 169

ko'oll

dam

yom; yomi 175

so'odd 56

damage v.
damage n.
damp ritib

176.

dampness

irtoobe

dance
dance

darr
darar

mablool
mrattib

1;

rakas
raks c
n.
dandruff kisbr
danger chatar 5
v.

dangerous
dare

mo"bchtir

istarja 153

v.

,itm 9da 176.

dark

deficit

I'ichchir

chada'; rashsh
watta;

dark, become 'attam 136. 1

darkness
sdblme, -itme
darling liabeeb
darn rata 127. 1

degrade
degree daraje
Deity iloohiye
delay v. achchar

darning

delay n. 'Ska
delayed, be t-owwakl42.4
delegate nayib pi. no'bwah
delicate
na'im 176.1
delicious
ladeed
delight
ladde
deliver harrar

n.

rati

date V. arracl) 136. 2 torach

date n.
tareech 14X

daub tartash
daughter bint
daughter-in-law

banat
kinne

pi.

dawn

f aj

day
day

of

12 hrs.

nhar

of

24

yom

hrs.

175

day, all
tool eu-nhar
day, previous kablhabiyom

deacon shammas 174N

dead n. miyet r
dead, pretend to be itmawat; istamwat 149
deaf
atrash 180. 2
dealer

biya-

become

rili 127. 2
dear (beloved) tiabeeb 90b
dear (opp. cheap) rali 90a
death mot
deathlike mitl^il-miyet
debase o.s. watfa keemto

dear,

barriye
istahal !50; istaha^k 151
design ^a-de 13.1
desirable
marroob
desire
shahwe
desirous shahwani 175R2
desist
imtana'
desolate
charai)
despair, be in yi'is 128
despisable
makrooh

despise hakar
destination
maksood
imtana
decline to
destitute, be
matrook
decorate ziyan
destroy
charrab
decorate o.s. jachch 116-2 detailed
mfassal
decrease kallal
detain
'owwak
detect uabbash
decree amr 13; irade
ihtifal
dedication
determine
atbat
deduct (monev) chaam
detest ihtakar
1 J 3. 1.2; kata'
dethrone a^ikat 'an il-arsh
deed 'amal 5a
deviate tad 126. 2
deep rameek 90a 181.1 devil shitan 17 IR
'ameek 176.1 devote o.s. to tfana 143.4
defeated, be inralab
devotion (pers.) badl eddefeated marloob
dat 'an
defend dafa- 139.1
devotion (relig.)
dbade,
deference i'tibar
taljwa

defraud

desert

deserve

demand v. talab
demand n. matloob 201
demon jinn c jinniye f.

devour iftaras
devout zahid
dew nada

wajh es-sa^a
dial
diamond almaz
diaphragm hajib bain

is-

sidr w,^il-batn

diarrhoea

insihal; ishai
dictate
uakkal
dictionary
kamoos 14
die mat 126. 1 twaffa 142.3

differ v. (in form)

farak

differ V. (in opinion) ichtalaf

difference

cf.

86

fark,
ichtilaf

differently *ala fair tar eek

uakran
difficult
si'ib 90a: tkeel
denounce ishtakal48shaka difficult, be si'ib 114' 1
deny nakar 113.1
difficulty
s'obbe
depart safar
diffuse
intashar, fah
depend upon t'allak;
dig
hafar 113. 2
ittakal 'ala
dug be inbahash 144
depose "azal 113.2
digging hafir 104
depth ro'bmk
digest V.
hadam
deride istahza
dignity hibe, wakar.'asamc
derision
iztihza
diligent
shatir '90b- 179
derwish darweesh 173
diligent, be tshatar
descend nizil 115
dim mo~b-tim
describe
wajaf
diminish jjallal

denial

11

dimple
dimple
dine

on hand

201

disobedience ko^bbr er-ras;

taloole

face
shame
tradda 142. 5

-inad

in

disobey

rada 137. 2
odit il-akl
diuingroom
dip
gabb 116.2
dinner

disorder
'ajka
disordered, be
tcharDat
done, become istawa 148R
disperse farra^
donkey driver tiammar
16.5.3
displease ras 126,2 ^ahar
disposition (arrangement)
donkey saddle jlale 162
rahl c
tarteeb 173; tanseem r.f.
disposition (tendency) mail ditto, maker of jlalati 162

136. 1

dip s. 0.
direction

ratt-as

directly

halan,

jibha
-al-harik

dirhem dirham 169

wasach
dirt

ila

wisich
dirty, be
itwassach
disappear
ichtafa
disappointed marshoosh
dirtv

li,

raltan

disapprove
disaster
discard

ti

lam, istakbah

mseebe
zawa

hawar
dispute V.
dispute together tbahat
dispute n. mihawara
disquiet mdosh hadi 176E
disregard v. ahmal
disrespect n.
ihtikar r.f.

lafar

dissolve
distance

hallal;

wadih

distinct
distill

kowwas

distinguish v. imtjlz

disembark
disembowel

ditch
dive

disfigure

-al-barr

fazar

sacbat

distribute
farrak -ala
distribution
tafi-eek r.f.

nahye 1.3.3 jihha

distrust v.
shakk fi

district

disturb az=aj
disturbance 'ajka; haiza'a;
iz'aj

in'af 144. 2

disgusting

mo"bstakrah,

min'af
disheartened ya'san
dish, straw
tabak 4a
dishonest mo~bsh mo~bsta-

keem
dishonesty

^adam

il-isti-

kame
dishonour

v.

bahdal,

dishonour

n.

'adam

'ah
126. 2

sharaf;

ish'ar

barad

disliked, make

o. s. barrad fi
fakash
dislocation
faksh
dismiss
-azal
disobedient 'aneed

r.f.

chandak 169
ratas

fi

diverge from

zahak

dislocate

ramm; kaddar
ramm; kadar

mal

"

don't

cf.

81

sawa 140: sowwa

ever!

drain v. safta
drain n. majra
drainpipe masoora

draught

(air)

masraf

draw jarr 116 2

draw near kirib

drawers, women ilbas

126.2 drawing-room
odit es(

do

dozen dazzeene
drag sal.iab 113.3 jarr 116.2

'an

diverted, be
sihi 12 2
divest V. itjarrad
divide kasam 60.113.1
dividend, arit. maksoom
division arit. kisme
divine v. hazar
divinity
o'oloohiye
division (part) kism
divisor
maksoom 'alaih
divorce v.
tallak
divorce n.
talak
dizziness
docha r
dizzv dowchan 176.2
do.

down taht
downward la ta^it
dowry mahr 6a

drawer jarrar
drawers kalsoon 167.2

113.5

triyar

disgusted, be

dislike

distress n.

door bab 5a
door keeper bowwab r
doorlock zarfeel 173ralr.f.
dose (med.) kammiye r
double V. daaf
double takain, mijwis.56
doubt V. shakk 116.1
doubt shikk 6a
doubt, no imbala; bidooa
shikk
doubtful mshakkak feeh

dough "ajeen

karrar; kattar

atlak,

distress v.

disfavour n.

dowwab

masafe r
distend (eyes)
bahla^

discipline
adab, marba
discontented moTish radi
discontinue kaff 116. 2 battal
iskat
discount
discover ichtara^ r.f.
labeeb
discreet
discrimination
fark 7
iddakar 145
discuss
marad
disease
nizil

mitdammir

dissatisfied

discernment tamyeez
discharge (.accused) 'afa^an,
discharge (gun)

*anad

tadeem 173
a^eede 10
doing 'ammal; 'am 198
dome kdbbbe 2; 'alj;d 6a
doctrine

dogma

ma

'o'omrak
ta'malo
istarua 'an

do without
do with, what have you to
shoo ilak mahka ma-

so'okna; odit id-dyoof

drawn, be injarr 144.3

drawn away, be inzah 144 2
dreadful

dream
dream

mo'ocheef
hilim 114.2
u.
hilm 5a

v.

drench v
ballal
drenched, be tballal 142. 1
dress V.
libis 115
dress s. o.
labbas 136.
dress n.
libs 6a fo'ostan;
171. tob
(kitchen) sdbfrit
it-tahdeer
dressing-table
so'ofrit ilIdbbs
drink give to saka 127.
drip nakkat
drive v. (beast)
sak 126.
drive (carriage)
-arbaj

dresser

4
11

mishwar 171
drive n.
drive away hawa 140 tchiyab
driveu away, be intaradl44
'arbaji
driver
drop V. (into eyes) katar
no'ojkta 2
drop n
dropsy istiska
drought naahaf
drowsy, be sihi 127. 2

drowu s. 0. rarrak
drowned, be ririk
drug n.dawa 5aK2 'ilaj

r. f.

farmashi 167. 2R
drum V. tabbal
drunk sakran 181. 2
drunk, make askar 141.
drunken man sakrau r
drunkard sikkeer r
druggist

Druze ddorzi 6bN

dry, become yibis 123. 114.

make

dry,

dry adj.

yabbas 136. 4
nashif

due (fitting) layi^

due (owe) madyoou
basab
dues, take one's

dumb
dung

achras 180.
zibl

dayan 189. 4
durable, be
mdbdde
duration
rabbar 136. I
dust V.
rabara
dust n.
dust of thresliing floor moos
duster shreeta 1 2 shartoota r
rabbar
dusty, make
dutywajibr.f.fard 7,hakk6a
duty, customs kdbmrook 169

dwarf n. ko'oz',
dwell sakan

to'oz'

dye

V.

sabar 113. 5 lowwan 137

kdbll

each other ba'd 32

mo'oshtak
eager
dain 15
ear
earring halak c
early

bakkeer

earn isthalj:^
taila'
earn wages
earth trab
earth (globe)

ar(J

earthenware aniyet
char

157kdbra

fo"och-

pi. awiini

zalzale 170

earthquake

emetic

mdbljiyi'

rakk
emphasis
employ sharral
employ (use) ista^mal

raha
ease (repose)
shark
east
employment sho'brl; manEaster 'eed il-kbeer
zale; wa^eefe
emptiness farar
eastern sharki
eastward lajihhetish-shar^ empty v. fad^a 137,2
easy sihil, hiyin, chafeef empty, become firir 114.1
eat akal
fadi
empty adj. farir 176.
eat with s. o. akal 139. 2
byittakal
emulate sabak
eatable, be
enable kaddar
ebb jazr
enamel n. meena
ebony chashab abno~ns
ecclesiastical

encamp chiyyam
encampment m'askar
encircle
howwat 137

kahnooti

sada

echo

ksoof

eclipse

economical mwaffir
economize waffar 136.
edge taraf 5a
editor mharrir
educate rabba 137. 2 haddab 136.2
educated mhaddab
education adab
education, receive trabba
142.5

maha

efface

matboo'

effected

egg

baid c

bad 126.2

egg, lay

either ... or

amma

in

willa

elbow

koo' pi. kwa'

intachab 147. 1
kahraba, kahelectricity
elect

raba'iye

elegant

dye lek'^her dabar

dyer sabbar
dyer of leather dabbar
dysentery zintar

Each

202

11

dwelling-place mahall
167.2, maskin 169

sareef

'angar 169
elevate 'alia,
elevation irtifa' r. f.
dra' pi. adro'o'
ell

element

eloquent

faseet

emancipate tachallag min

embark nizilfi^l-markab
embarrassed, become tiar

encircling mo^bheet
enclose
hawat
enclosure tahweet
encourage jarra'

r.f.

end V. challag; anha

end nhdye
[jahdo
endeavour V. ijtahad; badal
endeavour n. ijtihad
endure ihtamal

enemy

'adoo pi. a'da

energetic
sarbast
energy hazm; sarbastiye

engaged, become chatab"'

Englishman inkleezi 161
engineer mhandiz r
engraving naksh 7
enjoy o.s. tana^'am; inbasat
enjoy a thing inbasat
enlarge
kabbar; wassa'
136.4
enlist iktatab

enmity
adawe
enough kfai
enough (only) bass
enrage
enquire
enquiry
enraged,

ihiyaj

[15(

after ista'lam 'an'

istichbar'an

be iftas
enrich iftana
126.3 enter dachal 113.5 fat
embezzle ichtalas
126.1
entertain salla 137.1, charn
embitter marmar 154
entertain (guest) diyaf 137.
embrace v. 'anak 139.
embrace each other t'aual^ entertainment,
evening
143. 1
sahra
entirely bi^l-chali, bi^l-j
embrace n. m'anaka
ko'olliye, yami
embroider tarraz 136.

mtarraz
embroidered
embroidery tatreez c
Emir ameer 3

entirely without yamm

entirely
ko~bll 175

entrance dchool

haU

entrapped, be wihil 122

envelope mrallaf 167. 2
garf 6a
envious one
hasid 9
envy hasad
epilepsy
epitaph

da' en-no~bkta

tareech il-kabr
epitomize ichtasar 145.
equal mitl

equals, it
tsawi,
equality msawah
equally kadd-|-pers. pron.
equator chatt il-istiwa
eraser, rubber
niimhai
err
rilit
error ralat 5a
escape, v.
harab, sbarad

escape

hareebe

n.

escaped, have iuhazam 144

escort
hashye
especially
cho'osoosan

dat 30

essence
essential
establish

do'croori

assas 136. 2

esteem i.tabar
estimate v.
et cetera

kowwam
ii

1-S7. 1

rair ishi

86

halo'bmma jarran
eternal
eternity

abadi,

dayim

abadiye
Eucharist il-'asha_r-rabbani

eunuch machsi
European franji 161
evade magya"
evaporate itbachchar
evening 'ashiye 10 masa
event hadti 13.
ever daiman; tamalli
every ko'bll 34
everlasting
omdayim;
evil sharreer 91; radi 90a
182
evil n.

so^olm

exact masboot 176.1

exact, be
dakkak 136.3
exactly bi^t-tamam

examination fahs; imtihan

examine imtahan 145.1:
karrar; itfala- 'ala 145a
example matal 5b
example, for matalan
excavate
hahash -ala
exceedingly kteer 95; la
achir daraje
excellent Fadil 176 3: 'ala

dhsau tarz 176R

203

except 'ada 'an

exception
istitna
dabbar date
exert
fok il-'ade
excess
exchange v. badal hi; baddal
exchanged be tbadal VII
exclaim sarrah
exclude istatna
excuse i'tadar 145.1
excuse n. 'dbdr 6a i'tidar
r.f.

istatna 153
exercise v.
maras
exercise n.
dars

halkan
nafa

exile V.

exile n.

expenditure kilfe 2 masroof 172

expensive rali 90b

experience v. ichtabar
experience n.
chibra r
experienced michtbir
experienced man mjarrib
experienced, become ichtabar 145.1

experiment

'amaliye
explain fassar
explode infajar
extinguish tafa 127.1
extinguished, be intafa
144.4
extortion mass;
extract juice v.

exult ibtahaj
exultation
ibtihaj
eye 'ain 15.157
eyeball hadaket il-'ain
eyed, become one- i-warrl49
eyed, onea'war 180.2
eyebrow hajib 13.1
eyeglass uagsara
eyelash ramsh 6b
eyelid jifn 5b
eyesocket jooret il-'aiu

shahid

chdbrafiye

wijh 6a

chaibe

failure

rimi

faint V.

mchowwir

faint (hunger)

iman

faith (relig.)
faith ^rust)

faithful

ameen

faithful n.

r. f.

ittikal r.f.

176.1

& 178

moVmin

fall

V.

fall

zowwar

137.

ism, seet
familiar ma'loof
family 'aile

famine
famous

joo'

mashhoor

mirwal?a 170
fan
fanatic n. adj.
mit'asfib
fancy 'ann 'ala 116 1
"ann 'ala balo
fancied, he
far
b'eed 181 1
farewell, to bid

wadda.

farm n. mazra'a; hosh

farmer fall ah
farrier
beetar
farriery, practice bitar 154
farsach farsach 169
farther warrani 74
fascinate
ijtadab
mooda 2
fashion
fast (quick)
saree, ijil
fast V.

sam

fast n.

som: siyam

126.
r.f.

fasten v.

sabbak; kaddam
shadd 116.2. mak-

fasting

"ar-reek

fast,

be

kan
imtass:
istachraj

face

dibil

chab 126.2

fail

fame

woojood
existence
existent mowjocd
expect istansar 150; intasar
expectation
intisar r.f.
expel tarad
expend saraf

Fable

fade

falsify

nafi

eyewitness

masna' 169: ma*mal 169

factory

wa^a' 136. 4
wik' 6a
mo'bsh mo~bstakeem
false
falsehood "adam il-istikame

exempt

exhausted

6b

smeen 1"!

fat adj.

fat

shahm,dihn

mseebe

fate
fate,

176K

ill

raziye9X, mseebe 12

father
ah pi. abbahat
fatherless
yateem il-ab
fatten
samman: rabbab
fault

6a
masboot 176.

'aib

faulty

favour v. faddal
favour n. ma'roof 167.2; fadl
favourable
mwSfiJj
fawn V. dahlaz

fawner

mdabliz r
126.3habl26.2

fearv. chaf

fear n. faza', chof

fear to do
ichtasha 148
feast
'eed 5b
feather
reeslie c
features
takatee' il-wijh,

mahasin
February shbat
fee
keeme,
feeble
d'eef
feebleness
do'o'f
feed 'alla^
feed 0- s.
iktat 147
feeder (bib) maryool
feel (touch)
feel

fei'l

lamas

(perceive) hass 161.1

sha'ar
compassion hizin

felicitate

biirak,

hanna

fellow
tana
lo"obbad

felt

Idbbbade
female adj. m'anuat
female n. iuta
felt-cap

204

fore finger

middle
ring

f.

sabbabe
wasta

binsar
little f.
chingar
finish
chalas 113.5
fire n. nar
157.11
fire a gun
atlak; kowwas
fire, get on ishta'al 145.1
fire, set on ahrak; wallac
fire, take ihtarak; will'
f.

malkat 169
inkawa 144.4
firm
t&bit; makin
firm, become ishtadd 146

fire-tongs
fired,

be

firmament
first

jalad

46

bikr 5a
giyad
fishhook sinuara
fishing, go tiyad 142.4
fist
dab'a r
firstborn

fisher

fly

tar 126.2

foam

rarwe
fodder >-alaf
fog dabib, ritaita
fold V.
tawa 130
fold n.

tanye, to wye

matwi, matni
folded, be
intawa 144.4
folded

intana
follow
tibi'
following illi 29
following, the jdi 200

habal
fondness mawadde
food
ta'am
ijr 159 rijl 15
foot
forbear ibtamal
forbearance ihtimSl
folly

forbid

harraj

forbidden

mamnoo

raab
fit V. wafak
rasb
fit (a garment) jallas 136.1
forced, be
tiyas 137. 1
fence n. tiisyeej 167. 2siyaj
kayas forcibly bi_l-rab, raban
fence in
siyaj
fit (proper) layik; muasib
ford V.
^ata"
ferment ichtamar
flabby rachoo
forehead jibha
fermentation iclitimar
flag
bo'ondaira 174
foreign rareeb
ferocious
barri, wabsh
flame sha'loobe, lahabe
forelock rdbrra; nasye
fertile, be
achsab
flank janb, chasra
forenoon kabl is-so"ohr
fertile
michsib
flannel
fanella
forfit
'araboon
fever schoone
flat n. (ground)
sahl 6a
forge V. (metal) haddad 136.3
few, a
ba'd 33
flat (level)
do'orri
forget nisi 127
fez
tarboosh
flatter
mallak 136.
forgive
samah 139
fie!
ichs, 'ahh
inrafar
flattery
tamleek
forgiven, be
field liakl 6a
flavour n.
dok
fork shoke
fiery, become himi 127.2
flee harab 113.5 farr 116.2
form V. kowwan
fight V. katal 139.1 harab
flesh
lahm
form n. kalib 13.1
fight with takatal 143
flexible
Ijabil il-lawi
forsake
tarak 113.5
fight n.
kitill
flight (birds)
tayaran
forsaken
matrook
figure (form) timtJil
flight put to
tarad
fortress
kal'a 4b
figure too s. tsowwarl42.
flight
harab, hareebe
fortune (money only) mal
file V. bar ad
goowan
flint
forward! yallah!
file n.
mabrad 169
rarra^, towwaf
flood V.
forward go t^addam
filial
banawi 175R 1
tatweef, fayadan
flood
foul (meat)
mintin;
fill malla 136.1; 'abba 137.2
floor
tabik
(fruit etc.) mchammij
talla
floor, ground
ardiye
(wood"*
mtachtich
fill 0. s. intala 148
flour theen
found V. assas 136.2
filled, be tmalhi 142.5
flourish
azha
foundation asas
filter V. karrar
flow V. jara 127. 1
founder mo"o'assis
filth
zbale
flow of tide madd
fountain
beer; nofara
filthy
mzabbal
flower
zihre 6b
fraction kasr 6a
find V.
wajad 122; laka
flower-pot ko'owwar 14
frame v. barwaz
find n. ilkiye
flowing (garment)
wasi"
frame n. birwaz 171
finder wajid: mlaki
flute, single
^o'bffaira
fraud
makr; tazweer;
fine (opp. thick)
rafee'
flute, double mijwis, zo'bmro^oshsh
176.1
maira free adj. hobrr 163
finger
iba' pi. a?abi'
flutter
rafraf
free, be
cbali; fddi
force V.
force n.


freedom

hdbrriye 163
irade
freight
kilfet it-tareek
frequent adj. amrar kteere
fresh
taza
Friday yom il-jo-om'a 61
free will

makli

fried
fried,

be

inkala 145.4

friend
sahib 4R
friend, make ts4hab 143.1
friendly
lateef 178
friendship
sadaka
faza'
ti'ight
frighten s. o. chowwaf 134

205

gallows mashnaka 170

galoshes kalsheen 173

goal

marma; raye

God

allah

game
game

god-father shbeen 12
gold dahab

aid

n.

(play)

lo'o'b

garden bo"ostan;171jnaine
garden round a house
hakoora 14
gardener boostanji
gargle

machmad

v.

garment

tob 4
kashle

garrison

gasp tnahhad
gate bowwabe
gather lamm 116

generosity

frown
frown

D.

frugal

gentle

'akil

genuine moosh marshoosh

mo'o'tadil

176R

fakha 13.1.N

fruit

German

mdbchsib

fruitful

kala
frying-pan maklaye

wakeed

fuel

(made

fuel

fugitive

of

dung)

harib

fulfil

gift

tammam

funeral
dafne
funeral service ju;'ize 12
funnel mahkan 167.2
fur
farwe
furious
mithiyij, msharbit
(of

camel)

jahhaz

fiu-nish

fui-nished (house) m'attat

furniture
atat

furrow

talm
sanad
jakjak

further v.
fuss V.
futile
futility

battai
batale

future

Gabhle

mo'ostakbel
n.
ja'dane
kisib 114.1

gain V.
gain n. maksab 169
gaiu over istamal 152
gaiter tmak
gale zoba'a

r. f.

gaUed, be (beast)

t'akwar,

tdabbar
gallop V.
tarad; chiyal
gallop n. mtarada, chioole

A Manual

el-

kdbdo'bs

jali

malau, malyan 176.22

full

almani 161

get hag?al
ghost chayal
Ghost, Holy er-root

fry V.

'atiye

9N

gimlet barreeme
gipsy noori pi. nowar
girdle kamar, zdonnar 171
girl
bint pi. banat
girth
hzam 166.4 168.1a
give 'ata 127.1
glad mabsoot
glance n. nasra; lafte
glaring
zahi
glass

kazaz

kadah
lamma'

glass, liquur

glaze V.
glaze n. talmee*
glory fachr, iftichar
glove kiiff 6a
glue rira
glue-pot mirrai

gnaw

nakar
go rah
go about dar 126.1
go before sabak
go by mada
go, let 0. s. thamall43.1
go out charaj; tili' 114.1
go up &down tmashsha
142.5

goad

of Palestioean Arabic,

barbara; tartara
no'bkro'bs; dail-mo"o-

govern malak
government dole
governor waU 9
grace ol)bbaha

shahame
shahm

generous

'abbas
ta=bees

V.

goodness lo^o^f
goods chairat
goods-train babor el-'afsh
gospel injeel pi. anajeel

look

frost

min, 'an 62

front

90a 156.
"mleeh 181.1

ko'oddam
hadd
mallah

from

gayij-

lj^s3,n, tiyib

gossip

frontier

tsarsab
frog (horse's hoof)
daban

good

gout

gauze shambar 169

gaze V. balilak
gaze u. bahlaka
gender jins
genealogy nasab 5a

fi'ightened, be

goldsmith

nachaz 113.3

graceful
aneek;
k^^ayis
gracious, be
an'am 141.1
grade daraje
graft V.
taam
grain habbe

grandfather

mother

son

jidd 5b
jidde, sitt

hafeed
falli 4b

grain
grant v.

istajab 152

an^am 'ala
grape honey dibs
grasp V. ^abad
grating (fire)
msabba'
grateful
shakoor
grave kabr 6a
grave-yard makbara 170
graze rin
grease v. ziyat
great kbeer 90a
great, consider istakbarl50
greatness ko'obr
greasy midhin 176.1
greed tama'
green achdar 180.1
green, become ichdarrl49
greet sallam 136.1
greeting salam r. f,
grey abrash 180.1
grey (animal) zarlja
grey haired shayib
grief

ramm

grievance hamm; ramm

grieve s. o. galam; ahzan
grieved, be inramm 144.3;

irtamm 146
grind
grin

groan

tahan
kashshar
v.

'anu 116.1

21


grocer

'attar 165.3

groom

sayis;

mkari

groove karneesh
ground, (reason) sabab
grow nabat
grudge hasad

guard
guard
guard

haras, hafas
ihtaraz 145.1
kariikoon 167.1

V.
0. s.

n.

guess V. tiizir lli.2

guess n. hizr
guest daif 6a
manzil 169;
guest-house
dalool 14

danb
guilt
midnib
guilty
gum so'omr
jift

men

halawe 162
50

ro'bwak

shakoosh 14

mahadde

handkerchief mahrame 170

hang (a man) shanak 113.1

hang up 'allak 113.2
happen jadd 116.1 ar219N
jara
sa'ade
happy sa'eed 178 mkiyif
happy, make as^ad 141.1

happiness

harbour meena 2
hard ^asi
hard, become jifi 127.2
hard (unfeeling) jafi

harm

(solid)
v.

heave tnaffas
heaven sama 166.6
heavenly samawi 175R.1
heavy t^eel 90a 9a'b

shabake

hand-bag jo'osdau 171

hand v. nawal 139.4
hand eed 15
handful kamshe, kabda

hard

heated, become Ijimi 127.2

mikwad 169

hammock

'awafe

hear sama'
hearing sami' 165.2
heart kalb 6a
heat V. wakad 122 daffa
137.2 ?achchan 136.1
heat n. shob; harr

no~b?5s

hammer, sledge matraka 12

hammer, stone breaker's

jamid

darr 116.2

harmonize

sakab

harness n.

'idde

shatwe

heap n. kom
heap up kowwam 137.1

had, be wihil 122

hair sba'r 163. 6b

hammer

'afye;

181.1

ka'b 4a

heel

height 'il5o
heighten rafa'
heir warit pi. wdbrata
held, be inmasak 144.1
hell jiihauuam 157
help each other tsa'ad 143.1
help s. o.to s'thingkaddam
li

helper

hem
hem

V.

hiccough

tro"oddo"od

jara

hidden, be
indara 144.4
hide V. chabba 137.2 chafa
hide 0. s. tchabba 142.5

high

'ali

90b

high, become

hill

174
health

hesitation

talle

"ili

127.1

4b

nisab
hinder manas cawwak
hindrance mani'; 'ayik.
hint n.
ishara
hip
chasr
hilt

headdress, priest's kalloose

Habit chisle
hack bahash

halter

highway so'bltane
highwayman nashtari

rootaita

gutter kanai
gutter of roof mizrab 171
halki
guttural

hall

haze
head

tarbee'a 174.

baroode 14
gun, double-barreled
gunpowder barood

half

hermit nasik
hernia fitak
hero jada"; batal
hesitate traddad

headdress, maideu'sro'bk""a
headdress for married wo-

gun

halawi

harvest v. hagad 113.5

harvest olives jadd 116.1
harvest n. haseede
haste 'ajale
hat bdornaita 174
hatchet balta
hatev. barad 113.5
hatred bo'orda
ko'obriya
haughtiness
have ma'; Mnd; la 68.215
have been kan 126.1
n.
ras 6a
head, (leader) riyis
headache waja' er-ras
headcloth bashnooka;

madafe
guide

206

msa.id
tana

n. tani

henna, be dyed with thanna 142.1

herd n. ra'iye
here hon
min hon
here, from
here is
hi; hiya 21
heresy hartaka
heritage
wirte

hire

v.

ista'jar

hire n. ajar
history tareech
hit V.
sab 126.2
hither jai la hon
hive n. kafeer; chaliye
hoarse mabhooh 176.1

hoe fas 6a
hold sa' 126.2 hawal29R
hole bachsh 6a chdbzk 6a
hole in wall, to let out

smoke

talja r

hollow adj. farir 176.1

hollow out ka"ar; jowwar
holiday fdbrga 2
holy mkaddas
holy n.
kiddees

home

watan

(native land)

honest ameen; galih

honesty amaue r

honey
honour

'asal

136.1
iljtaram 145 1
honour, (dignity) sharaf;
v. sharraf

makam
honour, (rectitude) istikame
honoured mdbhtaram 176.1
hoof haflr 13.1
hook V. shankal
hook u. shankal 169
hook and eye bikle 2

hooked imbakkal
hoop tolj:
hope V. ammal 136.2
t'ammal 142 2 intasar
hope u. amal 5a
hoped, it is to be in.shallah
horizon o'oflj 5a


born

6a
shanee'
horror jafalan
horse shoe hadwe
hose narbeej; barbeej 173
hospital mo~bstashfa 167.1
host mdSjif
hostile
m'adi
hot so'cchn
shob 90b
hot (weather)
lj;arn

htiiiible

lokanda

hotel

hotel-keeper

hour

ignited, be

iltahab 14n.l

ignorance jahiliye
ignorant jahil 179
jahal 111.3
ignorant, be
ill

=iyan 176.2

become

131 [143.1
tmarad
ill, pretend to be
mo~osh tanooni
illegal
marad 5a
illness

ill,

'eyi

illuminate now war 137.1

indawa
illuminated, be

144.4

lokandaji

magya.

illude

sa'a

hour, appointed

wakt

il-

m'iyan
dar 157. 4a. bait Ga

house

207

housework sho-orl^^^il-bait
how! ma 89.1

how? keef
how much? kaddaish
however amma, walakin
how many? akamm, kamm

image goora
imagine towwar
imbitter marmar
imitate
tkallad
takleed 167.2
imitation

immaculate t.ihir
immature (man) mo'bsh
mo^odrik

immadiately

halan

immerse rattas
immigrant mhajir
immigiate hajar
immigration mhajara
hump, camel's sanam.hadabe immoral safeeh; razeel
immorality safaha; razale
hunchback ahdab 180.2
immortal abadi
hunger v. ja'
impart chabbar
hunger n. joo'
imperative (gram.) amr
hungry jo'b-an 176.2
humanity

insaniye

humble, be tawada'
humbled, be ittada' 145.8
humility tawado"b'

hunt V. ad 12b.2 itad 147

hunter siyad 165.3
hunting, go tgiyad 142.4
hurl

akla'

hurry

v.

'ajjal 136.1 ista'-

jal 150
hurry n. 'ajale
hurt T. waja" 122
hurt, cause
owja' 141.2
husband joz 5a
hush! ist: hooss

husk, take out of tfarfut

hut chaime, kooch

hymn

tarteele

ana 8

jleed
ice-cream ddondo~brma
ice

idea
idiot
idle

majnoon 172
kaslan

idol

anam 5a

idolater
if
if

kasal

watani

lamma, ida 208, low 209

not

ignite

willa

waUa- 136.4

kaleel

el-

hkya 183E
impiety

ko'ofr

implement

ale

implore trajja 142.5

import V. jalab
importation jalb c
important mo'ohimm
impossible mo'osh mdomkin
imposter rashshash: chadda'

imprecate la'an; sabb

impress v. attar
impression ta'atto'br;infi''al
imprison habas
improve gaUah
improvement taheeh 167.2

impure

rai

idleness

impertinent

'ikir

impurity
in

'akara

fee 65

inaccurate mo'osh masboot

inactive
battal
inadequate mo'bsh kati
in

as

much

bi

^adar

incapable mo~^jsh mottdrik

incarnation
taja3Sol)d

incense Idbban; bachchoor

incessant dayim
incisor
incite

nab 4a
hiyaj

miyal
incline
chatir 13.1
inclination
bidoon Mlaka
income madchool
incomparable ma iloosh

incoherent

tani
inconsiderate bi doon nasariye
inconvenient mitjib
incoiTect
marloot
incorruptible rair fani
increase v. zad 126.2 145b
kattar
incredulous ma bitgaddak
incur adnab; ajram
incurable ma byishfa

indebted (debt) madyoon

indebted mamnoon
indicate ashshar
indifferent,be thamal 143.1
neele
indigo
induce jabar
industrious
shatir
industrious, be jadd 116.1
inexcusable bidoon ^idr
inexperienced rasheem 177
ma bitrajja
inevitable
infancy to'ofooliye
infant
tifl
infantry
bayada
infection 'adwa
infer
istadall 151
infidel kafir
infinite
bala nihaye
inflame
thiyaj
inflammation
iltihab
influence v. attar
ta'teer
influence n.

inform chabbar 136.1;

information chabar, i.lam
ingratitude
'adam ishsho~okr

inhabit
sakan
inhabitant sakin 9
wirit 122
inherit
inheritance
wirte

hakan
inject
injure
darr 116.2
injured, be
t'attal
injustice
so~blm
ink hibr
inkstand mahbara 1<1
inlay
labbas


inmost 'atif
innocence (of guilt) bara'a
innocence (purity) tahara
innocent bari
innumerable rair ma'dood

176E
inoculate
ta"^am
inoffensive molDsh mo'odirr
inquire into
bahat 'ala
inside n. maile^j-jo^bwauiye
inside jo'owa
insinuate
dass 116.1
insist
istamarr 151
inspire
laham
inspired
mo^olhara
matalan
instance, for
instead of
badal; badal
instigate hiyaj
instructed, be t'allam 142.1
instrument ale; 'idde 2
insufficient
mobsb kafi
insult V.
ban 126.2
insult n.
ihane

fodawiye

insurgent
integrity

in?af, istij^jime

inwards jdbwa
iris
kos il-kadah

makgood 172
raye

intentionally
bi^l-arade
interest s. o.
rarrab
interested, be
ririb
interest (money) faide 13.2

fayid

zeer
jarra
jar, small
'asliye
jar, still smaller
jar for serving water sharbe;

interview
intestine

mo^o^abale
migran 171

intimate

tiameem

n.

intolerable
mo'osh mintak
intolerance ^adamil-ibtimal

jaw

fakk 6a
riyoor

jealous

become rar 126.3

dame
intrust
invalid

tak^al
M'ada'
'ajiz

inundation
tawafan
invent icbtara' 145.1 ;waj ad

natf 116.2

wagl

just "adil 90b

justly
bi^l-ha^k

mbarrar

Jesus

Jew

jeweller jowbarji
jewellery jobar 13.3N;c
join
wasal
joiner
najjar
joint ilbam
joint (body)
mafsal
joist

'afreete
o'ordo'bn;

kill

sheree'a

jo~brnal;

jareede

journey gafra
journey-man fa'il

kind, of this

"ala

hashshishne

kind (sort) jins 5b shikl 5a

kind-hearted tiyib el-^alb
183 R 1

kingdom mamlake
kink

tanye
kabbal 136.1 has
bose
kitchen matbach
kiss V.
kiss n.

knead "ajan 113.1,2

knee rikbe
knee-cap saboonet ir-rikbe
kneel raka'
knife
sikkeen 173
knitting pin

knob
knock

judge
judge

knot

n,

187,1 katal

katil 104
kind adj. -akil 176.3

farah
joyful
farhan

joy

V,

mowwat

killing

kindred kareeb
king malik

yasoo'

yaboodi

kick up the heels barta- 154

kick n, rafsa
kidney kilwe

kindle dawa 130 sha"l

kindling hatab
kindness ma'roof

reere

mazah
mazh

jest V.
jest n.

introduce "arraf
Jordan
introduction (to book) mkadjournal

intrude

breek

jasper yashb
jaundice reekan

jealousy

internal
dacbili
international
-amm
interpret tarjam
interpreter to'orjo'bman
interrupt
takata'
interruption
mkata'a

junction

justification

tatle

jealous,

twassat

interfere

jump rakad
jump down

justifiable

kawa

V.

jam

sbidde

judgement ho'bkm
jug jarra
juice
zoom

tabreer
iukawa
ironed, bijustify
bairar
iron for laundry n. raikwai Ealendar
takweem
l.iadeed
iron (metal)
kasseedeipoem) kaseedel2
hadeedi 183
keep (retain) abka
iron (adj.)
iron-mould ?ada
keep (take care of) hafag
habeel
irrational
kept well, be 4fa 140
mo'osh kiyasi
kerchief shal
irregular
saka
kernel bizre
irrigate
hiyas 137.1
kerosene kaz
irritated, be
kettle
island jazeere 12
tanjara
key miftah 171
itch jarab
khan chan 166 4
ivory 'aj
Jacket embroidered tak- kick V. labat 113.5
geera 174
kick (horse) rafas 113.5
ii'O"

jar, large

ka?ad 113,5

intensity
intention

invention
icbtira'' 167.2
invest hatt
invisible, become rab 126.2
invisible adj.
rayib
'azam 113,2
invite
'azeeme 12
invitation
invoke nada, talab
invoice fatoora 166.5

jade (stone) yasbm

intellect
"akl
intelligent
faheem

intend

208

tiakam
^a^i 9

knot,

so^onnara

zirr
V. kara' 113.3 dakl?
'dnkde 2

make a 'akad

113.1


knot

in

when

straw

cut

kaswal

m^ikkad

knotty

know"'!!!!!! 114.2 drif

1U.2

'arraf 13G.1

knowledge

Mlm 6a

Labourer

sharfeel pi.
sharreele
charj 7
lace
lack V.
chas 12G.2 nakag
lack u.
kille
lad sabi 11
ladder so'oUam 157. 171R
mirrafe 170
ladle
lake
bahra
lame a'raj 180.2
lame of hand akta'

lame, become

i'rajj 149
lameness 'araj
lament uadab
lamentation for dead ma%ide
lamp kandeel 173
lamp chimney bannoora
lamp, clay sraj la

lance v. batt
lance n. lo'omh 4a
land (country) blad 11
land (opp. sea) barr

landing tshitti
lane
zaroob 14
language loora; lisan
lantern fanoos
lakla^ 154
lap V.
lap n.
larder
large

lead V. kad 126.2

lead round
mashsha
lead to
wadda ila 137.2
lead-pencil
kalam rga?;
leader kayid 9

waraka

leaf

leak
leak
lean
lean
leap
leap
learn

like

zaraban

limb

mitl
'adoo

liir.e

kil.-i

v. ittaka;

mal 126.2

adj. d^eef 181.1

fazz 116.1 natt "an

over kafaz 113.5
t'allam 142.1
learned ';'ilim 90b 176.3
learned man 'aleem 3
last, at the in kallaliit; bi

lest

layilla

kara 127.3 ajar

139.2

challa 137.2
(allow)
last adj.
acheer
let us 21 1.
last (shoemaker's) kalib 18.1 letter (alphabet) harf 6a
lasting mdayin
letter
maktooh 172. 201
late likkees; wachri
level (flat) mdostawi

sha'riye 163

laugh

dihik 114.1

let

kamoos 14
kaddab 167.1
liar, declare one 134
liberal kareem 178 chiyir
liberality
karam

lexicon
liar

laugh, make
adbak 141.1 liberty hdorrive
laughter dihk
lick
lihis 114J
laundiy marsal
lid rata
law uasam 166.4 kanoou 14 lie V. (opp: stand) (jlaja'
lawful
lj:anooni|
145 a
t&,
lawsuit da-we
1^ lie V. nakar; kadab 113.1
lay
hatt
lay (table)
V
saff,i.-7lay . . before shakajU
lazy
kaslan 176.2181.2
.

lazy, be

tkasal

adj.

limekiln liittoou
limit V.
tiaddad

badd 6a

limit n.

limp
limp

V.

line a

garment battan 136.1

aruj

rachoo 176.1

line n. zeeh

4a

be put in iftaif 146

leather jild
linen kitt&n
leave v.
dashshar 136*1 lining btane
challa 137.2; imjaraf 144.1 lintel
"atabe
leaven n.
chameere
lip
shiffe
left, to the
'ash-shamal liquid siyal
leg sak 11
lira (coin) leera
legging tmak
list
fihris; layiha
legible
makri
listen
tnas^at 142.1
lemonade limonada 202 listener mitnassit
lend "ar 126,2; karad
literary work
tasneef 173
length
tool
little
shwiye; nitfe; sreer
lengthen
towwal 137.1
90a; kaleli 91
leprous adj. n; abrag 180.2 little by little sliwi shwi
less
ilia 54a asrar
little, tooakallmin el-lazim
lessen
kallal
live V.
'ash 126.2
lesson
mteele 12
livelihood
koot li kiswe
el-kaleele

let (house)

lattice

barak
bark 6a

zarab

bait il-moone

lately
min mdodde
lath
bo'ordadiye
lathe
machrata

lighten v.
lightning

n.

kbeer

last V.

light V.
sbacal
light n. (Jow; noor 5a
light (opp. heavy) chafeef
91. 181.1

V.

hdbdn

dayan 138.4 chadam

209

lie

life
lift

kidbe
obvious hals bi hals

n.

lies,

'eeshe
V.

shal 126.2;

rafa'

113.3

line,

lively

hirik

liver

kibde

load V. hammal
load (a gun) dakk 116.2
load n.
himl
loaf rreef

loan
kard
loathe
kirif 114.1
lock V. sakkar
lock (of door)
riil 166.4
zarfeel
lock wooden dabbe 4b
lock of hair jaddoole

lodging
log

maname

kol)rmiye

loin
loiter

pi.

karami

chasra
tmalta"

minfrid
long taweel 90a 181.1
long as, as tool ma
long for V. ishtak 147
longing shok.
long-siiifering taweel erroot 183.1
lonely


look
look
look
look

V.

shaf

mane

n.

nasar 5a

manger

at ittalla' 'ala

w. interest tfarraj "^ala

142.1
looking glass mrai pi. uio'ori
loop

'ilaka

loose, be

tchalchal,

loose adj.

filit

falat 113.1
fakk 116.2 fakfak
loosen
loosened, be (knot) inhall
145.3

loose, let

Lord

rabb
lord over
tsallat
lose V. da' 126.2 diya' 137
lose sight of sh^il 'ain-)-suff.

'idim 114.2

loss, suffer

habb 116.2

love V.
love n.

mahabbe
hiwi 130R

love, be in

lovely
lover

lateef

mhibb 167.1

low

wati
lower V. watta
lower tahtani 74R
lowly wadee^
luck bass; bacbt
luggage haje 13.2; 'afsh

lukewarm tatir
lump da'boole

lusiy

riya
trassad

shabwe
shahwani 175R2

jam eel

luxuriant
lye

safwe

Machine makina
mad (from dog) kalban 176.2
mad, become jaun 116.1
magazine machzan 169
magic sihr
mainly cho-ogoo^an
majesty

jalale

make sawa 140, 'amal

make into siyar 137.1
maker 'amil
n.

dakar 7

memorable

mare faras 5a
margin haffe
market sool^ 5a

mend
mend

maronite 13.3N
marriage iz-zeej e
married, be tjowwaz 142.4

mend
mend

marrow
marry one

byisthiklk

mdbchch
to

it-

tidkar

another jo w137.1

martyr shaheed 3
marvel at inbahal
marvellous 'ajeeb

sallah 136.1
(patch) v.
rakka"^
136.1
a seam kattab 136.1

v.

ro'ok'a 2

n.

mention
dakar 145b
merchandise bida'a 12
merchant tajir 9; biya.'
merciful shafook
merciless
kasi

mercury

mason ammar 167.1 baana

mass (eccl.) kdbddas
massacre madbaha
mast sari 13.3

zaibak
shafaka
merit istih^ak
message chabar
messenger sa i 9N; mirsal
metal ma'dan 169 [nasat

master m-allim
mat, straw haseere lb

metre mitr 7

match (sulphur)

mercy

kibreet

matchless mailosh nageer

mas'ale
matter
matter, it does not ma Jaish
matter, it is a small ishi
is

kale^l 84
the shoo

d-da'we
mattress firash la
meadow marj 6a
d-eef
meagre
meal wak'a

mean
mean
mean

(low)
dani
(think) ginn
(intend) 'ana

method

mew

V.

tareeka; oosloob;

mawa

130

middle wastani 176.R 2

midst wast 4
midwife daye r
mighty kadeer
migrate
hajar
mild lateef
mile meel 4a
milk V. balab 113.1
milk n. haleeb
milk, dried
kishk
milky way tareekit-tabbane
mill tahoon 157; 168.14;
mill,

hand

mat-haue
jarooshe 174

means, by all 'ala kooU hal miller tabh;m

mind n. 'akl 6a
meaning n. ma'na
mine cf 15.
means t^reelja lb
minister (polit.) safeer 3
means of, by "an yadd
measure (capacity) v. kal minor kasir 179
126.2 minute dakeeka 12

measure (length)

v.

kas

miracle

126.2

mirage

measure n. kail; kyas

meat lahm
mediate twassat
r
maurijjall75,insan,rajo~bl4 mediator waseet 3
dawa oR 2
man from 175R 1.
medicine
man, big keeki
meditate t'ammal 142.2
iflakar 145.1
manly rijjili 175
male

manage dabbar
management m'amale

Mediterranean bahr er-room

meet laka 140
meet each other tlaka 143.4
meet s. o. iltaka 148
meeting mdoltaka
melody laVu 5a
melt dab 126.1

gdblli 2

matter, what

rada

lunch

lust

manners slook, masra

mantle for women izar la
manufactory ma'mal
manure zibl
[lazim
many, too aktar min_, elmarble racham

waz

chisara

loss

lurk

ma'laf

mdiyi'

loser

lung

'obrf

marbles

falit

210

'ajeebe
sarab

mischief darar: shaka

mischievous shaki 182
miser bacheel
miserable (phys.) ta'ees
miserable (moral) radi
misfortune bab'ye 10
missionajy mbasbshir r

mist rtaita
mistake ralat 5a
mistaken, be inchada'
mistress

sitt r

misuse salam
mitigate lattaf

mix jjibal 118.1 chalat

mixed machloot 176.1

moan

tnaiihad 142.1

v.

moderate i'tadal
moderation i'tidal
modern jdeed
modest nazeeh
modest, be twada' 143.8
modesty haya. nazalia
moisten

ball 116.1
lahsa
moment, in a fi ramsliet'ain
monarchy saltane r
monastery dair 6a
money, bridal mahr 6a
v.

moment

money

masari

211

mould kalib 18.1

moulding mastabe
mount V (animal) rikib
mountain jabal 4a
mourn hadd 126.2
mourner ha did r
mourning ho'ozn 5a
moustache sharib 13.1
mouth to'omm; fo'omm
movable mitharrik

136.4

jaljak
mo'okari
darb
multiplication

ndbkra
necklace tok 5a
need v. "az 126.1

il-biiladiye

morality ard
more, no 81
more than bikteer 95
bi^l-kteer
more, the .. the more kooU
.

ma

kcHjll

to

morsel,

Idbkme 2

ma

sabah
bdbkra

go'bbh;

94

r. i,

mortal
knbil il-mot
mortality mot
mortar, building teen
mortar, stone jo^orn 4a
mortar; metal hawin

mortgage rahn
moslim mdbslim 167.1
mosquito-curtain namoosiye
most, at the

163
bi^l-kteer,
in kiittariit

mostly

raliban

mote ua?ra r
mother o'omm pi. dommayftt
or o'ommahat
moth eaten m'attit
motionless

163

munition dacheere

kamar 4a
moon, full badr 6a
moon, new hlal r. f.

morning
morrow,

45.

majlis

municipal council

month

moon

mjammad

do'oroori

ihtiyaj 167.2
rakbe 4b 'o'onk 5a

neck

muddy, make

mumble hamdar, tamtam

mahool

necessity

muleteer

monk

shahr 6a
monthly shahri

171

(Jeek

muddy, become wahhal

multiply darab 60
multiply o.s. izdad

monster

el-'ard

narrowness

nasty radi
nation dbmme
o~bmmi
national
native n. & adj. baladi
blad
native land
natural
tabee4
nature (temper) tab'
nature, good latafe
move, a thing za'za^
naughty shaki
much kleer 181.1
much, as ... as kadd 73 nausea karaf
much more than bi_^l-kteer navel gdbrra 2 zdbkra
much, so ... as kadd 78 near kareeb 90a; hadd
much, too aktar min _ el- nearly takreeban
lazim, bi or fi-zyade necessary adj. & adv.

money-changer sarraf
money-lender mdayin
rahib 11

narrow diyik 90a: kaleel

murder v.
murder n.
murderer

murmur
murmur

katal
katl
katil r

itdammar

v.

need

n.

needle

'aze r
ibre 2

needle, packing

msalle
negation nafl
neglect v. abmal
negligence ihmal
negligent mo'bhmil
negro %abd 8
neigh hamham 154

neighbour jar 11
neighbourhood jeere
neither
.
nor ma

itdimmir
muscle 'adal 5a
music moozeeka
u.

misk
mustard chardal

mutiny
mutton

my

nephew
nerve

charrab
hayaj

cf 11.

never

4a

sirr

sammar 136.1
mismar 171

nail n.
nail, finger

nailed, be

ibn il-chal or

difr

tmasmar

I, etc.

ma

""o'orari

v.

samma

n.

ism

namely

pi.

newsi)aper

jo'ornal

2N

asma

charraf
narrate
narrative cho'oirafiye;
ko'bssa

kassag

laile

'amm

168N

bashkeer night, pass the

173.

narrator

next, the jai 200

niece bint il-chal or

night
I

167.2

jareede

yi'ni

napkin foota

etc.

ma- hada
new jdeed 91
news chabar 5a

nevertheless

naked "aryan 176.2

name
name

'amm

'asab 5a

nest 'ishsh 6a
net shabaka 4b
never ma
abiidan

bayad

mystery
Nail V.

wala

musk

mutilate

kadda^^^llaile

night gown kamees in-nom

nightly
ko^oU laile
nipple halame
no cf. 71 la

noble ahareef 90a; sareef

181.1; balame; facliir; a^eel
nobody wala had an
nod n. isharar
noise rosh c
noisy mrowwish

nominate "iyan
nominated, be t'iyan
nonsense hablane

nook
noon

ko'aine
go'bhr

noon-rest ^aile
noose shoota r
north shamal
nose mdonchar 171; anf 6a
nose-bag michlai
nostril chdbzk il-minchar
not cf. 81
not yet
lissa ma
not even batta ma
note-book
daftar el-mlahagat

nothing

wala

nothing, for

ishi

balash

[rair

nothing else wala shee

notice n.

noun

i'lan

r. f.

ism

nourish

i^tat
nutritious mraddi
now halkait, hal-wakt, issa

nowhere wala fi makan

number 'adad5a;'idde41.R
nun rahbe r
nurse

v.

rabba

nurse, (sick) v. i^tana

nurse, wet mradd'a r
nut (mech.) tlaifha

01

ya 87

that ya rait 89.2

oath yameen

obedience ta'a
obey tsamma'^ 142.1
object V.
dadad
object n.
haje
objection
mdodadade r
oblige (force) jabar
obliged majbfior
obliterate

obscene

maha
wisicli, kidir

observation nihihaga
observe rakab
obstacle
mani' 13a
occasion
fo'brga 2
occupation imtilak
odious mdbheen
odour (bad) natane
off. lice

ihane

offence, take

offend

212

achad 139.2

ahan

kaddam

outer barrani
outlet machraj

74
169

136.1
outside bd,rra
offer resistance dadad 139.1 outwards barra; la barra
offer n. takdime
oven fo'orn pi. afran
offering
'atiye
of shone & earth
zarb
office
waseefe 12
over fok
officer
overcast (sky)
mriyim
dabit 9
official ma'moor 165.3,201
overcoat, long jdobbe r 2
'nmil 168.9 mwassaf overcome ralab
official d ecoration neeshan
overcome by, be indarr
offer V.

oil,

olive

la

zait

[171

simsim seerij
oily
midhin
ointment barham c
oil,

okiye

dokiye

min
overflow taf 126.1
overhead, fok; fokani 175

& awak

old 'ateek, kadeem 177

olive press, stone badd 6a

omelette 'ijje
omission tark
omit tarak

R2
overlook

tall

'ala

116.2

overpower ralab
nasar 'ala
oversee
t^
overseer mnasir 167.1
overtake sabak 113.4
over weight, it is rajih

omnipotence ko~bdra
owe cf. 70
omniscience & adj. 'aleem
owner sahib
once chatra; marra
ox goad mihmas 171
once, at

'ala_,l-harik

kadam
hazam

Pace

one byonewahad wahad 57

pack
one, regard as wahhad

113.2
package bdbkje
bass
packing-needle msalle
ood (mus. instr.
'ood 11
packsaddle rahl 6a
open v. fatah 113.3
V.

only

padlock

opening fatih 104

opinion

rai;

pail

sinn

opium afyoon
opponent chagm

kifl

6a

pain

opposite kbal
opposition
mdodadade
oppress
kahar 113.3
oppression jabr; sdblm
or ow
orator
chateeb 3
order v.
wasga; amar
order n. tarteeb
order (command) wapiye
10;

satl

amr

13.1

origin
a^l 6a
original adj. asli

ornament v. ziyan 137.1

ornament n. zeene
orphan, become tyattam

waja'
pain, cause owja' 141.2
pain, suffer t'allam 142.2
painful
aleem; mooji'
paint V. sowwar 137.1
paint n.
dhan c
painted madhoon 176.1
pair joz
palace kasr 6a
palatable
ladeed
pale
asfar

palm

of

hand

kaff 6a

pan, frying
kallaye r
pan, native wash tabak4a
pane, window loh
panel birwaz
pantaloons (nat.) shirwal
171

142.3

make

136 5
orphan adj.. yateem 181.2
orphan tyittim
orphanage d&r il-itam
Osmanli 'o'otmani
other rair 35; 'adam
ought (/ ^0
orphan,

ya,t_tam

pantaloons (Europ.)^ WntaIon 172

paper waralj c
warak
paper, blotting

nashshash
parable
parasol

matal
shamsiye 191b

parch nashshaf
pardon v. =adar
pardon, ask istaffar
pardon n. 'idr
parents ahl
part n. Ijism 5a; jiz' 5a
ishtarak 145.1
part take
partnership, enter into tsharak
cho'osoo^ii
particular
partly ..partly ishi...ishi
.

partner shreek
partnership shirke
party liizb 5a
pasha basha 166.4
pass (hand) nawal
pass by fat 126.1; marak
pass on
marak min
pass the night bat 126.3
passage zaroob 14
passenger rakib 9
passion
mail
passport tadkara 170
past (time) madi; sabik
pat V. tabtab li 154
patch ro'bk'a 2
path darb 5b 157 tareek
patience ^^abr
patriarch
batrak 174N
patron "ameel 3
pattern
m'ibstara 17(J
pause V. wakaf

pause n. wakf
pave ballat 136.1
paving-stone balat

pay dafa'
pay a debt wafa 129
payment wafi
peace,
peace,

make
make

together
trada

peace so'olh
peaceful msalim
pearl
lool'To pi.

peasant

pig headed (he) raso kbeer

183R 2 kbeer er-raa 18HR
pilgrim h^gj 9
pilgrimage zyara
pilgrimage, go on zar 126.1

maglaha, yimkin

perhaps

cf.

141. 3N

peril chatar

period
perish
perjure

mdbdde
114.1
zoor

tilif

yameen zoor
dayim

perjury

kaiam 5a reeshe

permanent

idn
permission
permit v. adan
permitted masmooh 176.1
perplex
hiyar
perplexed, be thiyar 142.4
perplexed, become ihtar 147
persecute
idtahad
persecution idtihad
persevere in dawam'ala
139.4
Persia blad il-f o'ors or 'aj am
person
shachg 5a
personally
shachsi
perspire itbachchar. 'irik
perspiring 'arkan 176.2

persuade

akna'
persuasion i^na'
pert
dili"
pest waba
pestle
madakka
petticoattanuooratahtaniye
petition
talab
petrify
thajjar
petty zaheed

pharmacist farmashi 162

farmashiye
philosopher filasoof 174N
phlegm chzook il-'arak
photograph v. owwar
photographed, be tsowwar

^142.4

pi.

riyash

physician
piaster

penalty kasa
penholder masket reeshe
penitence tobe

tabeeb
6a

kii'sh

pick kattaf 136.1

pick (fruit) faraf 113.5
pick out nakka 137.2
penitent n. & adj.
tayib
pick-axe fas
pi. foos
pent-roof rafraf 167.2
picture
goora 2
people sha'b 6a
piece
kat'a 2 shakfe
pepper falfal
piecework, take in tkawal
pebble haswe r
143.3
percentage faide c/" 55. fayed pierce bachash 113.3

A Manual

of Palestioean Arabic

pill

pillar

photograph n. soora
photographer mowwir

peel n. jild, kislir

pen

piety

la'ali

fallah r

takwa

perception shoVoor
ooooli, tamm
perfect
kamal
perfection
chayin
perfidious
perfume reeha tibe

pharmacy

rada
.

213

habbe
'amood 14

pillow mchadde
pillow-case bait mchadde
kilawo'os
pilot
pin dabboos
wazra bi kmam
pinafore
pincers mal^at

pinch

^ara?

V.

taki

pious

smoking

ralyoon
water kadoos
pipe, metal water Jjastal
ma'dani
naye r
pipe, bag

pipe,

pipe, clay

tabanja
joora
pit for grain mafmoora 174
na^ab
pitch (tent)
pistol
pit

pith
pity
place
place
place
plain
plain

lo'obb

shafaka
hatt 116.2

V.

matrah; makan
of

whom,

in 'an

[28

meen

(simple) baseet
sahl 6a
n.

plait (hair) v. jaddal 186.1

plait of hair jdeele 12

plane v. masah
plane (tool) fara
planet siyar r.f.
plauk loha r
plant V. raras
plant n. nabate pi. nahat
ka^ar
plaster (wall)
laz^a r
plaster (med.)
plate
pahn 6a
play V. Ii'ibll4
play n. li'be r
pleasant maljbool
please ef. 25
please v. (like a thing)
a'jab 141.1
please, if youtfaddal [143.2
pleasure, have the
t'anas
pleasure kaif
pledge rahn
plentiful
bi katra
plenty katra

pliable

plough

kabil il-lawi
V.

harat

22

214

tyoor

plough n. sikke 159; 'ood

ploughshare lia''? sikke
plucky, kataf 113.5

poultry

plumage

pour ijabb
pour out kabb; sabb 116.2
poverty fa^r
powder, gun barood

reesh

plunge into (water)

fi

jaibe 6a

pocket

poem

uatt

shi'r

poems,

5a

coll of

deewan 14

poet sha'ir 3
bara
point V.
point (of tool) ras
point out warra 13/.
pointed mrowwas 176.1
sammam 136.3
poison V.
poisoning, blood tsimmdbm
poke razz
boolees
police

lamma'

polish V.
polite

siyasi

politics

siyase

pomade

dhan

power

priest

kdbwwe

powerful
practice v.
practice n.
praise v.

mo^oktidir

tmarran

tamreen

hamad

113.2

pray
>;alla 137.2
prayer alah
preach wa'as 122
preacher
wa'is
precaution intibah
precede marak, ^o'bddAm
precious
'azeez 181.1
precipitate
rakad 113.5
preface n.
mkaddame
prefer faddal ^ala 136.1
preference
tafdeel

adeeb, lateef

political

pride

pound V. dakk 116

pound (money) leera

pomp

trdbmba
poor fakeer 90a 178
iftakar
poor, become
pope baba 166.4

pregnancy habal
pregnant hibla 176.1

prepare hiya
population so^okkan pi. of prepare o.s. ista'ad 151
sakin preparation isti'dad
prescribe
wasaf
popular 'ammi
wasfe
porcelain seeni 163 keeshani prescription
presence, in my bi wo^ojoodi
pore masam r. f.
presence, your (form of
'attal pi.
porter (carrier)
address)
'attale
hadartak
presence (authority) haibe
bowwab
porter doorpresent v. ahda
portion kism 5a
present be hidir 114.2
mowkif
position
present n. hadiye 10
malak
possess
bachsheesh 173
mdbktana
possession
present adj. mowjood
imtalak
possession, gain
possession, hotc expressed preserve (savoury food v.
kabas 113.1
cf.%% 11 to 18
preserve n.
tatle
possessor sahib
press V. (crowd) zaham
amkan
possible, be
makbas 169
press n.
possibly mo'omkin
pressure kabse
possibility
imkan
pretend to be badly off
wakkaf
post V.
tbarbak
sande r
post (wood)
pretend to be something
ddorriye
posterity
)

post-office

bosta

postpone l.iadaf
postpone a promise

tma-

tal

143.1

idda'a l-tSb
pretty jameel 90a; kwiyis
prevail
faz 126.1

ko'obriya
choori 168

prince
ameer 3
principallv
chdo800an
print V. taba' 113.3
printed, be
intaba' 114.1
printer tabba"" 165.3
printing n.
tba'a
printing-press matba'a 170
prison
habs 6a sijn 6a
prison, cast into cf. 116.2

prisoner aseer 3; mahboos

172
private, in

bi_,s-sirr
prize jaize r
probation tajribe
procession, in bi^^s-saff
procession (relig.) ziya^i

proclaim intachab
proclamation inticbab
procure iktana
produce v. sabbab
produce n. mahsool 167.2
profession
kar r. f.
profit

maksab

profitable

mkassib

profligate

n.

sakit; fasik

takaddo'bm

progress

progress, make
tkaddam
prohibit yassak 136.4

prolong
promise
promise

towwal
v.

n.

pronounce

wa'ad 122
wa'd
lafas

proof bo'orhan 171

proper chas
proper, be lak 126.2
property chagga;

prophecy tnabba
prophet nabi
proportion nisbe
proportionate bi.^n-nisbe
proposal mashoora
propose shar 126.2
prose natr
prospect amal
0. s. ittaka 145.3
protect
prosper yassar 13'\4
prosperity tiseer

kahbe 4b
prostitute
prostrate immaddad
hafas 113.2
protect

metal cooking tanjara

potsherd sha^fe

prevent mana'
previous day kablha bi yom protected mahroos
protection
himaye r
previous kabl
protrude nabbaz
price taman; keeme r

potter fo'ochchari 162. 1 67R

fo'ochchar 162
pottery

prick nachaz 113.3; razz

pot, clay-cooking b;idre

6a

pot,

priceless

ma byittamman

proud
proud

mitkabbir
be tfachar bi

of,

quench rawa

prove barhan
proverb matal 5a
provide dabbar 13'i.l
providence tadbeer

question

publisher

nashir
pudding bo'odeen
sahab 113.3
pull
pull hard
inshadd 144.3
pull out
chala% chama'
pulpit minbar 169

punish nabat
punish ^Hsa 139.1 jaza 140
punishment kagas
pupil of eye bo~bbo"b
pupil tilmeed 173
purchase v. ishtara 148
pure (unmixed) ?afi
purgative sharbe r
purple kirmiz
purse kees 5b jisdan
pursue each other idtahad
pus midde

push lazz
push by force dafa'
put down wada^ 122
put down, be iu^iatt 144.3
put in order rattab
put on (kettle etc.) rakkab
176.1

malteen

haram 5a

pyramid
Quality

no' pi. anwa'

qualities, characterized

good or bad

by

ittasaf 145.3

quantity kammiye r_
quarantine karanteena r
tljatal
quarrel v.
quarrel with shamat 139 I
katal
quarrel together

tshamat
143.1

quarrel n.

quarry v.
quarry n.

quarry-man

quick adj. & adv. ^awam

quickness chdoffe
quiet hadi
kann 116.1
quiet, be
sakkat nafso
quiet 0. s.

hajjar r
r

bi 137.2

chabbar 'an
recommendation too^aye r
recompense kafa 140
reconcile
rada
mgalaba
reconciliation

quote tamman
quotient charij il-kisme

wa^'a
record n.
recover (health) gahh 116.1
t'afa 143.4 shifi 127.2
recovery shifa
red ahmar 180.1

Race

red,

V.

tsabal^

rag chirka 2
rage v. thiyaj
rage n. hayajan
rage, get into ihtadd 14H
railway sikket il-badeed
ma^atta r
r'y station
amtarat 141.1
rain v.
ashtat 141.3
matar 168.5 a
rain n.
zara"
raise (plants)

makam

rank

ransom

badal
adv.
nadir
kabl
ijrit ed-darb
(toll)

become ibmarr 149

redeem fada 127.2
fida
redemption

reduce diyak
reduction tadyee^
refer ashar 'ala
imtana,
refrain from
barrad, tkowa
refresh
refreshment takwiye
refuge, take tbamafi 143.4

'adam Ijoobool

refusal

refuse v. imtana' 145.1

regard as strange istarrab

&

rare
rather
rate,

rational

150
regard n. i'tibar
regiment jaish
regret v. t'assaf 'ala 142.2
t'issif
regret n.
reign v. malak
Ijam
reins
reject rafad
rafd
rejection
rejoice firih 113.5
thanna 142.1
rejoice at
insarr 144.3

faheem

ravenous kasir
raw (uncooked)

ni

ray sha'a' r.f.

raze halat
moos 5b
razor
reach v. wi^il
read Ijara 127
reader kari
istiMad
readiness
ready chali?; t^dir

rejoice malignantly ishtafa

148

towwar
really! ya tara 89.4
reap hasad

rejoiced, be

reaper has?ad r
reason sabab 5a
rebellion hayaj

re-let

realise

t'anas

kareeb 12

^awad ajar

reliance
ittikal
relieve tchallag
religion
deen

wagl
rebuked, be t'azzar
receive kabal

receipt

recent kabl mdbdde

reception 'azeeme r
wafe
recipe

reckon

basab

143.2

charraf

relate

relative

rely

upou

remain

150

mahjara 170

malake

tadakkar

recommend wagga

ittakal 145.3
114.1; biki

Mil

receive (a guest) ista^bal

shamata

Uara

recognise i'taraf fi
recognition i'tiraf
recollect

so1)"al r

hajjar

quarter of town

queen

istafham

had&we
quietness
^as-sakt
quietly
quit tarak
chali^
quite

prune v. ta'am
psalm mazmoor
puberty bloor
publish nashar

lawa

recline
o.

150

province m^ata'a r
tabreek
provocation
provoke harrak
prudence nabaha
prudent nabeeh

m'affin

s.

question n.

provision moonepl.mo'bwan

putrid
putty

215

remain over

127.2; 81
faddal 'an
136.1

remark n. mlahaaa
remember fitin 114.1 tdakkar 142.1


remember

of old wa'a 129

remind s.o. fakkar fl 136.1
remiud o.s. fitin
remnaut bakiye 10
remorse towbeech
remove (leave house) nakal
rend mazza'
rend garment tchazzak

142.1

jaddad 136.1

renew

216

i'tibar
reverence
reverse a vessel tabb

revolution

reward

tora

'owwad

v,

tjaza 143.4

rewarded, be

reward n. mjazah
rheumatism diV il-mafa^il
rhyme kafye 13.2
rib

6a

dil'

ribbon

rabta

rani 90a. 182

istarna
rich, become

istakra
rent (house)
rent of house kira
rent (tear) shdoljck: 6a
sallah
repair
oolri
repeal
repeat "ad 126.1
repent nidim 114.1
repent, make naddam

rich,

repetition
tikrar
replace 'owad
reply v. jawab, radd

reply n. jawab
repvSe n. ra^ia
reprehensible mi'tir

reproach

geet
talab

rigid,

resist

113,5

talab

^addam;
m&na'

radd ala
mtalab
istarab 152
rest V.
irtat 147
rest 0. 8.
restore (bring back)
responsible

rajja'

result nateeje
jaza 140
retaliate
retire

return

v.

"ad 126.1. 81

'awad, raja'
return n. raj 'a
reveal
kasha!
reveal the future
baear
el-bacbl 113.3N

ravenge

^r

haiza'a r
mistwi 176.1

riot

become istawal48E

rise

V.

kam

rise V. (sun)

126.1
tala"

la;

sikke 2
roar
roar
roast
rob

v.

za'ar

u.

za'eer

roll

n.

ruin
ruin
rule
rule

charrab
chirbe
sas 126.1
V.
(pattern) ka'de
rule, as a
bi^l-'ade
ruler (king) hakim 9
ruler (instrum.lmasfara 17v0
V.

atlaf,

(place)

ruminate ijtarr 146

rump badan 5b
run jara; 127.1 marak
run a race sabak 139.1
ruse birfe 2
rust V.
sadda
rust n.
ada

Sabbath

sabt
chaishe; fiirde; r
^adeele r
sack, fodder michlai 167.2
sack, camel
farde 164.4b
sirr

sacred mkaddas

kaddam

ko'orbau
ko'oiban
hizin 114.2

sacrifice n.

sad, be
saddle v.
sarraj
sarj 6a
saddle
saddle-bag
cho^orj

pi.

saddle, pack jlal r.f. rahl 6a

saddler srooji 162
safe
amin
safety aman

r.f.

n.

hakeem

said,

be

int:al 144.2

da'bal

sail

kal 6a

bakara

bahri
sake, for the 'a yadd,
taht
sale
bai'
o'bjra
salary

back laff 116.2

roller
madhale
Roman roomani
roof
gath 6a
room oda 2
room, make wassa' 136.4

roomy

mikdaf 171

sage

roll

rope

karib 13.1

chrooje

on skewer shawal30
niihab 113.3
robbed of, be insalab min
robber loogs 4a
rock n. ?achr 6a
roll V.

row-boat

royal
mlooki
rub, at the bath kiyas 1.37.1

sacrifice v.

sharak 113.1

nahr 7
darb 157 tareek

road

sailer

salt V.
salt n.

min

malla^
milh

I'as

mamlaha r
salt-ceUar
sallam
salute V.
salutation
salam 166.4

wasee'
babl 4a

rotl
rotl 5a
rough (road)

137

kaddaf 136.1

sacrament

ripe,

river

respond

amhal
tili' min

chatim 13.1
chitm 7

ripe

make dowwar

V.

sack

.5a

isti^fa

resolve v. Ijarrar
sammam
resolved, be
respect n.
i^tibar
kata""
respite
respite, give
amhal 141.1

retard

kishr

ring, signet

resemblance mshabaha
resemble shabah
resign

'al^yameen
become tyabbas 142.3

rind
ring

wag^a 137.2
request n.

70

right (opp. left) yameeu

right, (correct)
masboot
right, to the

'iyar

v.

reputation
request v.

arna

riches
rina
riddle
larz 5b
ride v.
rikib 'ala 114.1
chiyal 137.1
ride n
mishwar 171
rider
faris 11 chiyal
riding animal
dabbe
!3.3
right, be

row

ruffian chishin

rich

nadame

repentance

round,

rudder

renewal tajdeed
renounce ista'fa

make

rough (manners) jafi

round imdowwar
round thing, any da'bool 172
round of ladder daraje

charban

same,

the 31

sample m^stara 171

sand rami c
sandal

217

security

rahn

security,

become

tkaffal

142.1
114.1

na'l 7

molirmil
fahm; idrak
sanity
sash zobnnar 171
satan shitau 171

sandy

satiate v.

satiated

shabba"
shab'an 176.2

mabsoot 17b.
be inbasat 144.1

satisfied
satisfied,

shaf 126.1
see to

seed
seek

dab bar

it

bizr
fattash -ala 136.1

seem

basat

satisfy

security, give
kifil
seduce
tara
basar 113.4 141.3
see

do w war
biyan

'a

la

137

chara^
seize
masak
seldom nadir
sausage sarsees 173
naljka
savage barri
select
save najjal87.2cballasl36.1 self 30
nafs^ni 1^5B.2
selfish
Saviour mchallig
sell
ba' 126.2
saw V. nashar
n.

mdbnshar

say kal 126.1

saying n. hdbkm
scaffold

scales

mashnaka
meezan

kishre
scarce & adv. takreeban
scatter
indara 144.4
scent shamm
school madriise 17U
science 'ilm 6a
scissors
makas? 167.2
scoru ahau
scoundrel nassab 167.1
scour jala
scoured, be injala 144.4
scourge v. karbaj
scowl
'abbas
scratch
^ashar
scratch (used of pen only)
scar

charbash

scream
scream
screw
sea

vn.

garrach
grach

bo^orri

ba^ir

169

6a

seller

biya' 165.3

serious, i_staid)

sermon

wa'sa

servant, chadim; chaddam

167.1 sani' 9
service chidme 2 cbidame
sesame-oil seerij
sesame seed, crushed theene
rab 126.2
set (.sun)

11

ra'i

kisra

markab 169

ship
shirk

malag

shiit (man's)

kamees 11

(woman's)

Ijcamees

shoemaker

kdondarji 164.
167.R skafe
Ijowwas 137.1

shoot

shop

ha?il 13.1

takm

shot
talak
short kageer 90a 181.1
shorten
kasgar; ichtagar
145.1
shortly
-an kareeb ba'd

shwiye
shortness

kdosr
bat 166.4

shoulder
shout nada

set (themselves") in line,

show

(tools etc)

V.

set

up

sali

145a

nasab 113.5
rakad 113.5

shame

6a
mdb'eeb

'aib

shameful

kitf 5b

dall 116 farraj

iusaff 144.3
set in line

machzan

169 do'okkan

set in line, be igtaffl45a

set u.

season
fal 6a
season (social) iyam il-mosam
shade v. fiya
seat
ka'de
shadow siU; fi
second (time) tanye 13.2
shake naffad 136.1
secret n.
sirr 5b
shallow wati

1* corruption of ara

sherd

jadd

several michtilfe
severe
kasi 90a
severity kasawe r
sew chiyat 137.1
sex jins

sirri

malja

shelter

shoe, horse
hadwe
shoe, infant
kalkool 172
shoe, peasant wata, madas

chitm 7

secretly

6a
sadaf c

inba'at 144.1
jo'omle 2
farak 113.1
v.
farrak 136.1
separate from fSrak 139 1
separate adj. in farak
separation fagl 6a; tafreek

seal n.

section of orange zeeh 4a

raff

shepherd

shirt

sent, be
sentence
separate

settle (dregs)

search a house kabas 113.1

shelf

niswane
shoe kdbndra 164
shoe, European soormaye

chatam 113.2

stress chiyata

^alib
share v. tasam
share n. sihm
sharp madi 176.1
sharpen sann 116.1
shave b^lak
sheaf rdomr
sheepskin coat farwe r
sheet, bed
sharsbaf 170

send ba^at 113.3 wadda

sender bant
sense (meaning) ma'na

seal V.

seam

fachd 4
n.

shell (sea)

saturate

saw

shank
shape

136.1 'arja'

shrink

dabb

shrivel
tja"ad
shut sakkar 136.1
shutter daftet esh-sho~bbbak

shuttle
makkobk
shy chajool
sick
''lyan; mareed
sickle
kaloosh; minjal

sickness
marad
side
maile r
side of, by the
'ala janb
side-table sdofira minzooye
siege hasar
sieve coarse
ro'orbal 171


mdbnchdbl

sieve, flour

maker

sieve

rarabli

rarbal 154
sigbt mansar
'alame r
signal
signature imda
silence v.
sakkat
silence n.
sakt
sift

silent
silk

hadi
hareer

silken
silver v.

hareeri 183
faddad 136.3

fadda

silver n.

msbababa

similarity
sin

cbata 127.1
cbatiye 10

V.

sin n.

min lamma

since

sinew

shilsb 6a

sinful

cbati

sing ranna 136.2

za^zal^
sing (bird)
singe sba'wat
mranni
singer
mifrid .56.1
single
sink inhatt 144.3
wihil 122
sink into mire
marsal
sink n.
sii

zoom

up

nom
^sleep n.
sleepy na'san 176.2
kimme 4b
sleeve
slender mamshook
slice
lob

son ibn
son in law sihr

song

shwiye

zabat
sUm naheef 181.1
sling (weapon)
mo'okla'
slipper
babooj 14; bartoosha 174
slipthiougb, let marrak
slide

slit

open

ba'af 113.3

slow barid
slowly shwi shwi,

v.

'ala

(tobacco etc.)

dachchan

smoke v. (lamp sha'lab 154

smoke n. doochcban

sit jalas

smooth (opp. rough) mills

sit

smooth,

113.1 ka'ad 113.5

trabba'
cross-legged
142.1

mrakkaz
markaz

situated
situation
size

ko^br
bikal

skeleton

skewer
skilful
skill

skilled

seecb 4a
hazik 179

mahara
mahir
6a

shamsham 154

snow
snow

V.

atlajat

n.

talj

snuff

skirt

sock

water kirbe 2
tannoora 174
skull jimjme 170
skull-cap
carkiye 163
slack
rachoo 176.1
slander v,
slander n.
slanderer

washa

namm
nammam

slant V.
warab 139.3
16b 5a
slate

slanting mowroob
slaughter v. dabah 113.3
dabbah 136.1
slave 'abd 8
slay
mowwat
nam 126.1 3
sleep V.

141.1

157. 168. 6a

-30.

sound (healthy) m'afa

sound (noise) s6t5a
soup shoraba r
sour hamid; mtammid
south jo~bnoob
southern jobnoobi 175

sow

zara'

space makan
spade majrood
span shibr
5park
sbarara
sparkle tla'la'
speak kal 124 haka 127.1
speak with s. o. tiaka 140
spear ro~bmh 4a
spell V.

hajja

spell n.

ra^we

spend

garaf

spent, be ingaraf 144.1

spice
bhar 166.4

ground aboo harr

tshatshat

spill

spin razal
spindle marzal
spine sinsle 170
spirit (ghost)
rooh 157
r

ann
aneen

jo1)rbane rijjaliye
soft (eggj
birisht
soften
liyan 1394
soil
trab c
solder v.
laham 113.5
solder n.
Iham
sole, na'l

mV

jins;

spice,

z'oot

soak tarra
soap V.
soban
soap n. gaboon c
soap factory masbane

skin,

jild

chank

sniff at

sob V.
sob n.

skin n.

make mahmad 154

smother

sorcerer
sahir 159
sore
ddommale
sorry, be
thiyan 142.4
sort

mahdade

smoke

hadda
sofa
deewan
sofa-bolster masnid 169
soothe

soul nafs

mahl 77
slowness barade
small
sreer 181.1
smallness kille
small pox
jidre; jadare
smell V.
shamm 116.1
smell at
sbamsbam
smell n.
reeha
smelt V. dowwab
smith liaddad 165 3
smithy

rina
"an kareeb; ba'd

soon

o'ocht 166.6

sister

218

4a

solemn maheeb
solemnity mahabe
solid
masboot 176.1
some ba'd 33 kism min
33 R akammin
some one wahad 212.2
something shi or ishi
sometimes marrdt; amrar

spirit,

evil

'afreet

173

spirit-lamp alitis-sbeerto'bs
2
spiritual
roohani 175

spit V.

spite n.

bazak
jakar

u ma' hada;
bardoo (Turkish)
reek
spittle
splendour baha; oobbaba
spite, of in

split

shal^ 116.2; kassar;

shak^af

spoil V.

fisid

spoiled, be

infasad 144.1

sponge sfinje r
spoon ma'laka 170
spoon for roasting coffee

mitmas
spoonful

rarie

219

suddenly

spot (dirt) bobk^a pi. bobljca'

sprain
faksh
sprained mafkoosh
spread
farash 113.5 101

stony wa'ir 176.1

stoop
tabb

spread o.s. imtadd 146

spread out nashar
spread (disease) fasha 127.1
spreading farish 106
spring V. rakad
spring (water) n. nab' 7
spring (mechan.) reeshe pi.

battal
stop doing
stop up sadd
store n.
machzan
storeroom bait il-moone
storm zoba'a
kdb^ga; tareech
story
o'ojak 166.4
stove
straight ddorri; mo^ostkeem
i76.1

riyash
spring-time rabee^
sprinkled mnakkash
spur on V. salj; 126.1
spur n. mihmaz 167.2
squander bahdar 154
square mrabba' 167.1
square, carpenter's zavvye
squat karfas 154
stable,

cow bakye

stable, horse
stairs daraj

yachoor 14
c

stammer

tartar

wakaf 122

star

still

jalas

V.

sakit

nijme 6b najm 6b

shooting shikfet najm

starch v.
nashsha 137.2
starch n.
nasha
star,

state

h;il

statement

kaime

statue timtal
stay (sojourn) ikame
steady
mo'bwatjib

stiff

jafi

still

lissa;

stingy

strap n. kishat; sair

straw kashsh c
straw-stalk kashshe
stray
mal 126.2
stretch madd 116.1
o.

hiddawiye

street-cry

strength
kdbwe; "izz
strengthen kowwa
strike (a tent)' fakk 116.2

maf^ees
kashat

string

strive after

ijtuhad

dar

kambar

strut

stubborn
study V.

kmash

r. f.

ahbal

nasak
subdue kahar 113.3
style

baka 81

subj ect (gramin.)

mdosnad

submit

il-|-suff.

bacheel 176!l,178

something hairak
stir without removing zahzah 154
stirrup
rakkabe r
stir

stirrup-strap

zo'bchma

stitcli roorze r
stocking jdorbaner kaiser
stoke wakad 122
stomach mi'de 2
stone
hajar 4a

sallam

subscribe
wa?sa 137.2
subtract tarah 60 chasam

113
succeed
succeed

v.
s. o.

najah 113.3
tibi*

success nateeje
succession
taba'iye
successor
chalaf

mags 116 2
suckle
radda' 136.1
suckling till 4

suck

bikaffi

sufficient

sugar

so"bkkar
a'jab IVF
suit V.
suit,

Europ.

suitable, be

sulphur

takm
libs 6a

suit (dress)

w;'ifak 139.3

kibreet

shams 157.163

shamsiye 163
sunshade
sup t'ashsha 142 5
superfluous zayid
supper "asha
supply dabbar
support v.(help)sa'ad 139.1
support n. (prop) sande r
support n.
msa'ade
support of arch rdbkn 5a
sure
akeed
surety kafeel 3
surety, give kaddam kifale
surface wijh
surprise v. barat
surprised, be
mabroot

suspicion

ilo
fldil;

taja'-o^ok
suffering n.
suffice kafa 127. 1 kaffa 137.2
kafSi
sufficiency

surrender

^aneed
daras

woven

stupid

t'addab

sunrise
tloo' esh-shams
sunset ryab esh-shams

tmaddad

s.

145b
suffer (pain)

sun
r

stretching out madid 165.2

street
tareek, darb

stuff,

boolad
step, foot
fashcha
step near
kaddam
stern, be
'abas
stick V.
lazzak

tak 126.2 ihtamal

suffer

sum of money mablar 169

sum (total) mablar
summer aif

strange rareeb
stranger rareeb

strong kawi 90a, 182 plur.

also 168.10 shdeed 91

steamed (food) imfalfal

steamer baboor 166.5 markab 169
steel

140

stroll

sarak 11.3.1 za'at

steal

matters sawa

straighten

strip off
r

hi fard

hasab

.5a

(bill)

.?/

mdrra

wakkaf 136.4

s.o.

stretch

stand
stand

V.

stop

'ala

v.

sallam

soo' is-sinn

swaddling cloth kofaliye,

malfoo'iye, kmat; hfad
swallow V. bala^ 113.3
swear halaf 113.2
sweat V. 'irik 114 2
sweat n. 'arak 163
sweep kannas 136.1
sweet hiloo 90a
sweetness
swell

haltiwe

wirim

swelling (med.)

waram

swim

'km
swindler mnafik
swing barram
swoon V. rimi
swoon n. yamayan
sword saif 6a
sycophant warl 7
symbol ramz

220
sympathise

shi'ir

sympathy

shdb'oor
symptom daleel 12 isharar
Syria sooriya
Syrian
shami l6l
hdokne 2
syringe
Table sdbfra 164
table-cloth
rata so'ofra
tabloid da'boole r
tail

danab 4a

thresh daras
threshing plough
mora]
telegrajjh v dakk tallirraf threshing-floor baidar 169
temple (head) masdar 169 throat halkoom 167.2 zaltempt jarrab
'oom 172
tenacious '^aneed
throne ""arsh
tenant mo'osta'jir
through 'an yadd
throw rama 127.1
tend animals sas 126.1
'"
tendency mail
throw up food istafrar
tender rachis 176.1; taza
thumb bahim 13.1

chiyat 165.3
take achadllT ff.
take amiss twachad
take away
shal 126.2
take back rajja'
take OS. away tchiyab
take care intabah
take care! oo^a 129R
take down nazzal
take for o.s. ittachad 145.2
take off shal 126.2
take out taila'
taken up, be inkam 144.2
taking n. achd
tale
kissa 2
talk
haki
talk together thadat 143.1
thaka 148.4
tailor

talkative lisin
talker latlat

taweel

tall

tedious mo'omill

telegram

tent

tallirraf

chaime 174N
watad 5a'

tent-peg
tepid
terrace

fatir

tiabale

thunder n. ra'd 6a
thunderstorm racdiye 162
thy cf. 1114
ticket, r'y

sarsab
terror sarsabe r
testify
shihid 114.1
terrify

bilyett

shadd 116

tie V.

tile of roof

1;

karmeed

rabat
c

ta

till

testimony ishhade r
time zaman5aR.2 mdbdde
than of comparison min 95 time, for a long minzaman
thank v. tsluikkar 142.1 time, single bass marra,

thank

n.

there, to

marra wahde 58
wakt
min

sho^okr

thankful
shakoor
thanks!
mamnoon
that hadak 18
that conj. hatta; tii
that in
that not hatta ma
theirs cf. 15
then fa'idan
there honak
la

honak

times, at all
ko'oU
time, from time to

mdodde
timid
tin

la

mdbdde

faz'an 176.2

zeenko

tann 116.2
tingle (ears)
tbiyad
tinned, be

by ad
tinning n.
sankari 167.1
tinsmith
tire V.

at'ab

ta'ban 176.2
tired
tambourine daff 6atamboorar therefore fa'idan
lakab
title
there is fee 71
tame ahli 176.1
hijje, kooshan
thick tcheen 90a 181.1 ra- title deed
tan V.
dabar
la
lees 176.1 dachm 181.1 N to
tanner dabbar 165.3
thief nashshal 167.1 hara- toast choobz mhammas
taper v. trowwas

mi 167R

tobacco do"ochchan, to^oto'bn

to-day el-yom

tar
kitran
tarboosh
tarboosh

thimble

target
neesau 171N
task
mteele 12, fard
taste V.
dab; 126.1

toe
isba' ir-rijl
thin (fine) rafee^ 176.1
thin (lean) rkeek 176.1181.1 together sawa sawa
sho'orl mo'ot'ib
thine cf. 15
toil n.

taste n.
ta'me
tasty (food) ladeed

thing i^matter) sabab

thing (objects haje 13.2
116.1
think gann
think of iftakar fl
thinking sanin 165.2

dakk 126.1

tattoo

taunt n. maschara 170

tax rasm 6a
tax,

ground

werko

tea shai
tea- cup
kaikara
teach
'ailam

teacher

urallim 167.1

tear v.
mazza'
tear (rend) n.

mamzoo'
hadd 116.2
tear (eye) dam'a 6b
tease kayad 137.1
tear

down

teat

bizz

kishtban 167.2

tomb kdbbr
to-morrow bdbkra
tongue

lisan r

f.

tooth
sinu pi. snan
top
ras
chabeesa
tops> -turvy
thirst n. "atash
thirsty .atsh'an 176.2 181.1 torch mishjal 169
torment v. addab 136.1
this
hada 18
thorn (splinter) nasra r
total bi^l-ko~olliye
touch V. bass 116.1; dass
thorn
shoke r
116,1 da'as
thought fikr 5a
lams
touch n.
thoughtful faheem 176.1
touch-stone mahakk
thread o.s. sail dato
tough 'asi 176 1
thread n. chait 11
sob
towards
threat tahdeed
towel manshiite 170
haddad 136.3
threaten

tower bdbrj; kdbbbe

Ja; 175
balaci
163,168
mdeene lb

town

najtash
atar

trace v.
trace n.

sawam 139.4
trade v.
kar 166.4
trade n.
trade licence tamattoo'
takleed 173
tradition
train v. (horse) tabba'
sikke 2
train n.
nakal
transfer v.
transfer n. nakle c
tarjam ln4
translate
tarjame r
translation
mtarjim r
translator
transparent shaffaf

travel v.
travel u.
traveller

mo'b'^tad

unawares

mo"ottahid
ko'^ll

_
bidoon

use n. isti mal

use (custom) 'ade r
use of, make ista'mal
useful
nafi'; mo^ofeed
utmost achir daraje

Yacant

bidd vague
79 vainly

ma'dood
uncover kashaf 113.
undated mo'osh mtorach
uncultured kaleel el-adiib

183R1

114.1

trouble n. ta ab; bamm

trouble, cause at'ab 141.1
troubled, be idtarab 145a

ta"'-am

t^allab
mo'osh m'akkad

or -ala il-balash;

fi

al-fadi

unbeliever kafir 201.168.9

unchanged mo~bsh mriyar
uncertain mo'osh m'akkad
uncle (maternal) chal 5a
uncle (paternal) amm 7
uncountable rair or moosh

rahwan

56
jama'a

ladi

'ilm

under cf. 73
underneath 175R 2
understand fihim 17. 103.

kas?

(lamp)

trot n.

lajooj

unavoidablv miu

triple cf.

troop

urgent

ishchach
urine
use V. ista^'mal

safar

hirfe 2
V.

upright do-orri.
uprightness istikame
upset shaklab 154
urge on nahar 113.3

vacillate

m'ahade

trick

mo^osh

unanimous

shacriye 163
trellis,
tremble rijif
trembling rajif 166.2
tribe kabeele 12

trim

do~bmmale 170
umbrella shamsiye r
uli'er

unaccustomed

ta; la cf. 79
unwise mo-osh bi fahm
unworthy mo'osh liyik
upon 'ala 'a 65.66
upper fokani 74R

until

dori etc

safar

masyade

msafir r
tray seeniye 163
tray for baking sidr
treacherous raddar
treasure kinz
sawa
treat (regard)
lataf 139.1
treat kindly
treaty

etc.

vaccinate

mouse

trap,

my

turn V. dar 126.1

turn round tlaffat 142.1
turn from (road) hiyad =au
137.1
turn out (good or evil) tala'
turn over kalab 113.1
d;'ir la
turn towards
turner charrAt 165.3
twofold imda'af 56E.2
type, be put in insati 144.3
Udder bizz
ugly shiui' 90a

unadulterated mo^bsh marshoosh 176.1 R

fachch 4a 6a

trap n.

turn,

221

understanding faheem 178

valise

shanta

valley

w.'.di

UN

valuable tameen
value V. tamman
value n. taman 5a;
vanish chifi
vanity iddi'a

vapour

keeme r

bo"ochar c

varied mo^ochtilif
vase mazhariye
vault kos
vegetable yachne r
vegetables, mould of ffeere

12
veil,

long

veil, face

mandeel 173
bdorko'b'

vein 'irk 6a
undertake to do istalam velvet mdbchmal
undisturbed bidoon 'aka venerable wakoor
troublesome mhiyij
venerate wakkar
undress shalah
trough, kneading i3atye
unfortunately li soo' il-hass venture v. tjasar
trough, watering ma'jan
verdict ho~bkm
trowel mastareen r.f. ma'laka ungrateful rair shakoor
bait 5a
verse
176.1 R
saheeh 181.1
true
very kteer 95
trunk (box) sandook 1/2 unhappiness ta'ase r
anye 13.3
vessel
union damm
ittakal
trust V.
vex kahar; marmar
unite damm
trustee, appoint twakkal
vexation kahr
142.3 unjustly cf. 78
verdigris jinzar
unkind mdbsh lateef
do'brri
truth
unknown mo'osh ma'roof vest sidriye
truth, in hakkan
cife r
vice
unlace fakk
mistkeem
truthful
vice (mech.) malzame r
unless
ma lamm
try jarrab
unpleasant mo'bsh makbool vicious raddar
tumbler ko'bbbai r. f.
ralib
victor
unripe fajj 176.1
turban lafte r -a?aibe r
victory ralabe; nasr
113.5
unstich farat
shamle r
turban, small
'akil

A Manual

of Palestinean Arabic.

2a


vie

tsabak

manaar 169

view

sahran

vigilant
vile

village

l^arje c

taras

villain

vindicate

vinegar
vineyard

barrar
cliall

karm 6a

violence jabr
violent jabbar
bint batool
virgin
virtue fadeele
visit V. zar 126.1; sharraf
136.1

zjara

visit n.

zayir

visitor

got 4a

voice

volume

mjallad

voluntarily

miftowwi''

vomit istafrar 150

vomiting natik
vote V. sowvvat
voter msowwit
voting tagweet

w agl

voucher

vow
vow

V.

n'

vowel
voyage
vulgar

Wade

wantonly ^adan
war n. ^larb 6a
war, holy jihad
war,

sifili

nadar
nidr 7
harake
safra

dani
tabbash

wage

liarab 139.1

warm, become

warning
warning

hiyake

v.

jala 127.1

(dishes)

v.

rassale
raseel
waste (spend) baddar
wasteful mbaddir
waste-pipe kanayet il-mai
il-wischa
watch V. sihir 114.1
watch (clock) sa'a; sai'a
n.

koost^k
sa^ati 162

watchman hns

well, exceedingly

mleeh

la

achir daraje

rasal

washerwoman
washing

be ittazau

well n.
beer 4 a
well! ya tara 89.4

rasal 113.1

wash, (ceremonial)

s.

&

16
was, there cf 71
wart taloole

wash
wash

let o.

weight 'iyar
[145.3
welcome v. t'ahhal
welcome! marhaba

welfare
salih 13.1 chair
well adj.
adv. maboot
17611

tachteer

west rarb 175

western rarbiye 175
wet mablool
wet, become ibtall 146
wet, be made
tballal
what! ya tara 89.4

what? 22 and R
whatever shoo ma
wheel doolab 14

when

lamma

when? aimta
whence? min wain
whenever mata ma
water v. salja 127.1
water n. mai; maiye; moiye where matra^i ma
water-bottle rarrafe r
where? la wain
9;

natoor
14

sa^ka
water-carrier
watercloset ddabe; mdbstarah
water-wheel na'oora 14R

wave
wave

wax

V.

lolalj

moje
sham'

n.

wherever hait
whether ida
which 22. 26. 189
while n. mo'bdde
while
bainama
whip ko'bibaj 169
whirl V. laff 126.2

wax, cobbler's zift

we nahna; iljna 8; ihn
weak & adv. d'cef 178
weak, be di'if
weaken da"af

whirlwind zoba'a 13.2

whisper v. washwash
whisper n. washwashe

weakness

ibyadgl 149
wain
whiteness baya^
[126.2
whiz wann 116.1
wazz
who? meen 22. 23
whole, entirely kafiyan

(desiie) v. bidd 116R

(desire) v. 'az 126.1

talab
n.
(need)
'kze
(need) n.

weary v. zihik
weather faks

whistle

white
white,

do^ocf

wealth rina
wealthy rani
wear [hhve on)

girir

127.2

cf.

watch-chain

tmarmar

difi

warmth dafa
warn chattar

watch-maker

wane
want
want
want
want

web

warm (water) sdochn

warm (weather only) shob weighed,

wag hazz

wallow

weave hiyak 137.1

weaver hiyak 165.3
weaving room mahyake

war with each other tharab wedding 'o'ors 5a

143.1 wedge n.
sfeen
warble zakzak
wee zarnoon
wardrobe chazant^itweed n. zawan c
tyab week jo"bm'a 4b
warehouse hagil 13.1
weep biki 127.2
warm, be difl
weigh wazan 121.1 zan
warm (of air etc) hami
126.2

wager v. sharat 139.1

wages dbjra 2 mahiye
wail V. nadab
wailing mauata; 'aza
waist wirk
waistcoat
sidriye
wait sabar; istangar 150
istauna 153
wait for igt^bar 145a istansar 150
waiter sdbfraji 164
wake up fiya^ 137.1
waki n falj 126.2
walk V. raasha 127.1
walk, take a tmashsha
walk n. mishwar 171
wall hait 11 siusle 170
wall, dry
rab'a

222

V.

become

whither?

libis

gaffar 136.1

abyad 180.1
la

223
wliole, on the

lii

wijili il-

ijiual

whose? la lueeu 23
whosoever ineen mii

why?

laish 24

wick

fteele 12

kaii

kafir

widower arnial
wife
mara 11
wild

person)

(of

woman hobrme
woman old 'ajooz

12

woman, yo'ing sabiye 10

womanly niswaniye 175
womb dbm il-oolad
wonder at t'ajjab min 142.1
wonder n. 'ajeebe 12

179
wide, be
wisi' 122
widen wassa'
widow armale 156

Avicked

witness, bear s^hihid 113.3

shaheed 3
witness u.
woe! wail 89.3

15(5

wonderful 'ajeeb 181.1

wood hatab chashab
woods hirsh 5b
wool soof 183
woollen gobfi; min oof 183
woollen stuff km ash 11
;

hauiaji;

wabsh
wild (of animals, frnit) barri
176.1
wilderness barrije

word kilrae 6 & r

work v. ishtaral 145.1
kasdan; 'amdan
wilfnl
wiUv. biddll6R rAd 126.2 work together tsharak
143.1
71R
work n. sho'brl
will (command) wasiye 10
woi-k bv the piece, give
win ribih 114.1; kisib
kawal 139.4
wind Y. laff 116.1
worker sharreel
wind reeh 157; 168. 5b
working man -omil 9
window sho^obbak 171
workshop manual
windpipe raasoora r
world
do'bnya
wine mbeed, nbeed
worldly ddbnyawi
wine-press ma'sara
worn out, be (suit) ihtara
wing janflh 5.R2
worse than akta' rain 96.2
wink n. ramaz
worship V. (eccl.) 'abad
winnow darra
shatawiye 162

worship n. (eccl.) 'ib;ide

worshipper 'abid pi. 'o'obbad
worth n. & adj. keeme r
wire
shreet
worth, be siwi 130R
wise hakeem 178
wish v.'bidd 116Brad 126.2 worthless battal 176.1
mo'ostahikk
tmanna; amar 113.5 worthy
worthy of, be istahakk 151
wish n. talab
wound V. 'akar; jarah
witch jnniye r
with, bi; ma"; ^and: 'ind 62 wound n. jdbih
winter

wipe

masah 113.3

64f.

withdraw

rajja"

wrinkle ja^de r
mafsal
wrist
write katab 113.5
[201
writer m'allif 167.1 katib
writing-hook daftar kitabe

wrong

n.

darar

70

wrong, be el-hakk

'ala

wrong

rilit

to

do

S.O.,

hakk J-

hi

suff

Yard (court) bosh 11

yawn v. tawab 139.4
yawning mtawabe r
year sana 166 6; 175. 165R
'am
year, last

'amm owwal

yearly sanawiye 175.175R1

yearn ishtak

chameere

yeast

ja'ar
asfar 180.

veil V.

yellow

yellow, become
yes cf. 71. 85

isfarr

149

yesterday embarib;imbarlia
imbala
yet
yet

(still)

yet, not

cf.

81

lissa

ma

yield (produce) antaj

yield (surrender) sallam

yoke neer 4a
yolk safar il-baid
yonder rad

young

ireer; fata

13
your cf. 11
yours cf. 15
youth rlam 11; fata 11;
shabb 11
youth (opp. age) shabab;

sarar
youthful sho'oboobi
youtbfulness sho'oboobiye
Zeal hamiye 10; reere
wounded m'akwar
wounded, be iniarah 144.1 zealot, zealous riyoor
zephyr naseem c
wrap up latt' 116.1
zigzag m''aikaj; mlcwwa
wrapper (dress) rob

wither v. dibil 11-1.1 nishif

withhold mana'
witliin
wreatli ikleel 173
ti mo'bddet
without ilia; bidoon; min wrestle batah 139
'ada; bala
wring out 'asar

zinc
1

zeenko

zodiac dairet el-brooj

zone

mautaka

224

Corrections and Additions.

24

Add

after k,

s,

a after a guttural or the letter r is pronounced like a

t it sounds like a combination of a and o,
somewhat
like the syllable awe pronounced very short.
p.

/.

in father;

or

Add to 3; The gutturals and the letter r

p. 3 I. 8 read 191 f. ^or 163
prefer a as the following vowel, especially in the case of the fem. ending.
read: 190 for 191
Add to 9: The fellaheen sometimes use
p. 4 A 11
the fem. forms for the 2nd and 3rd pers, plur: chin (- kin), and bin.
p.

read achooh for cachooh

o h 10

/.

20

bta'ti

or bta'i

/.

21

bakara

for bakara.

I.
14 read shaitna for schaitua I. IG add 1. before "a
iyaha for iyahah
Add to the end of 16 2. the
p. g, iyaha
accus. of the pron.
I want her.
in kau biddak iyah machloot ba'malo. If you wish it mixed, I will do it. L 32 read fhiratha for fhimta.

p.

warning"

delete

li

/.

20

/.

is

read

Add to 18 The letter is generally pronounced

p. 7
Delete: For the letter d etc. /. 27 read ro~ozlan for ro'bslan.

d although

p.

p.

8
9

I.

26

Add

/.

20

read enho'om for enho^om

after

/,

i.

or as an exclamation cf. 89

Add to 83: ''Some of may also be rendered by akammin folp. 10

lowed by the substantive in the singular: e.g. akammin bait inharak or inharakoo
Some

foi-

of the
p.

11

p.

12

p.

10

houses v^^r^ burnt".

read "rendered".

/.

add
7

/.

p.

18

/.

p.

21

/.

to

20
1

41N: or tnainua; tnainko'bm

tani for tani.

delete ?

read enough

/.

22 read 208 for 209

I.

27 read kooll

ma

manner

is

kool ma.

Add to 83
p. 22 /. 8 read 210 for 208
used 'adam nought e.g. 'adam il-ikbool the refusal.
p.

24

/.

31

delete with the proa, suffix.

p.

25

/.

29

read chafeef for achaff.

In the same

27 Add to 102 Remark: In speaking an i is often prefixed to the

h of the Impf. especially after the conjunction w
e.g. w^ibyakloo and they eat".
Add to 103: Verbs which have in the Impf. the vowels oo
do take in the
Imp. as prefix do. I. 33 add iktil or before il^to'bl.
p.

p.

29

I.

29 read prick for prik

p.

30

/.

7 rakad: add

lihik for lihik

p.

.31

/.

23

I.

''be still"

/.

10 chabat: "'knock some one"

/,

18 read

19 read ridib for ridib

Add

1 before

"Verbs"

I.

31

Add

2 before

"Verbs"

/.

31

read bido"bkk for bido'ok

p.

33

/.

8 read: Imperative for impf.

p.

So

/.

12 delete: or

'.

36 Add to 125 after minjab; these

seventh Form. I. 32 read to forget.
read radabo for radaboo.
p. 37 /. 30
p.

participles

are

reaUy

of

the

p.

38

p. 40.

12

I.

Add

should have as

its

read imp. for impf.

to 136 The prefix m of the participles of the derived forma
proper vowel o"o; in conversation however, one more frequently
:

225

hears a prefixed, very short. /. The two forms e.g. moojarrah and imjarrab exist
therefore by the side of rajarrab; cf. also 142R. 6j' 143R.
p. 41 / 1 read
I.
19 ialias add
straighten a thing.
kattaf pick fruit.
p. 42 /. 24 wadda*
Add malia fill and delete it on p. 41 /. 24.
28 read ya.
/.
p. 43 insert
before /. 11 bisamhoo 3. p. plural. / ;-'4 read liyan.
p. 44 Add to 142: tharrak
Impf.
bitharrak Imp. itl.iarrak (ui.) itharraki (f.) itharrakoo (pi.)
Pres.
f'art:
uKibtharrik Past Part: nurotljarrak.
p. 4(J / G read VI F for VII F.
/.
9 read
1.
10 ri^ad mo^otkatil.
for Impf.
p. 47 I. 28 read be spoiled.
p. 4.S /.
a for
p. 49 /. 1 read b for 2.
p. 54 /. 2 tabtab to pat.
I
28
J..
read een for eeni.
p. 56 /. 17 read fdoclichar.
p. 57 /. 23 read chiyat.
p. 5S
1.
27 Add 1 before \\'ords.
p. (JO I. 18 read ho'bkne.
p. 62 I. 14 read kafa
/.
34 Add 2. before The following, p. 64 J. 14 read ramshe.
for kafa
p. 66
/.
(>
read ayi.
168. 13. 1. The words amr command and fakha fruit should
/.
17 Note: read zambak.
exchange places.
p. 6S
Take 'asfoor
p. 69 /. 3
sparrow to 172. /. 10 read infant's shoes. I. 21 read literai'y work. Delete
*
*
*
and take the word jarooshe to 168 14R.
footnote
p. 70 /. 16 * yomi.
I.
24 read marloot formarboot. ' 27 read mislim dark;
p. 71 I. 22 read chatib.
midhin greasy. 176N read bibla, hiblat. Last line read rachween for racgween. p. 74 I. 16 read "atshan
p. 75 I. 24 read conjunction for conjugation,
I.
read jam'eet for jam'iyit.
3 read If. in the case,
p.
Add to
194: Sometimes however, as in class. Arabic, the adj. is put in the fern. sing,
if the noun denotes other than rational beings.
I.
19 read eh-srar. Add to 195:
As in the case of the adj. the verb', as also the pron. suffix, is sometimes
if
its subject denotes other than
put in the sing.,
rational beings.
p.
/.
78 /. 7 read something- for sometiug.
20 read jai read tabi^
p. 79 /. 26
read raiheeu.
p 81 2l3 delete both times Remark.
p 82 after /. 8
insert; 4. There exists also a Passive form which may be said to be a combination
of the VII. and VIII Forms:
e.g. in'tana care for; inhtamal be borne;
inhtarak be burnt;
inchtasar be epitomized.
216 delete the words Remark
and add to No. 2: a similar shortening occurs in tlie case of kal, sar.
e.g.
kalli, sarlak, and of most other verbs of the same kind.
p. 84 I. 25 read sahib
'akl.
I.
/. 23 read hivvanat.
35 read shbeeui
p. 87 I- 4 read 'atshaui.
p.
90 /. 12 read 'o'omrha. I. 19 read ish-shdbhra. I. 20 read btichsar. /. 25 read 'indi.
I. 26 read Mndak.
p. 91 /. 2 read salle.
p. 92 I. 5 read mhandis.
p. 93 /.
14 read had for have.
I. 23 read women;
delete? in the Arabic.
p. 94 /. 3
read dow.
/.
I.
7 read es-sath for il-hram.
12 read 216 for 286.
p. 96 /. 13
read 'atshaneeu,
I.
I.
8 read sakainaho^on.
14 read
p. 97 /. 4 read yikta'oo.
them for her. /. 24 read tiyib.
I.
24 read timsah.
p. 98 /. 9 read at6wwar.
/.
26 read wait for cut.
I.
p. 99 I. 11 read shams.
p. lOO I. 7 read jdbmal.
10 read watchmaker's.
/.
11 read take it there, it
/.
21 read karrosa.
I.
9 read a'taitha.
p. 101 /. 8 sho'ofnah, the h is the suff. 3 p. m. s. cf. 17 b.

Imp.

28 read

77/1

We

10 read
I.
/.
13 read He for We. I. 20 read asta'jro.
29 read
for He.
soormaito.
p. 102 /. 5 read jibnalak. /. 18 read byishtirloo.
p. 103 I. 14 delete
I.
(f.)
16 read irlitt /. 16/17 read ko~bsstak.
/.
28 read Minimal.
p. 104 /. 17
add before bee: lash-sha'b.
I.
20 read il for ii.
p. 105 /. 15 As before the
prefix b of the Impf. su also before n the prefix / is put cf. 102 Cor. and Add.
p. 106 /. 31 read byittalla'oo.
p 107 1. 22 read these for the. /. 29 read 'asfoor.
p. 108 last line read ismi't for ismi t.
p. 112 /. 19 read Percentage for
Precentage. p 114 I. 9 read hsabak. p. 115 I. 1 read hakyak for hakyak. p.
116 I. 3l read id /brid; hada for h;'ida. p. 117 /. 4 read kal'a. p. 118 I. 31 read
ras for ra^.
I.
11. read hada^r-rajo'ol. I. 14 delete?
p. 125 /. 7 read taffartui;
/. 5 read bitkazkiz
for bitkzakiz I. 8 read itfarfaf.
p. 126 I. 8 read itshatshit;
p. 127 I. 4 read bitowwil. p. 130 I. 4 read byi'tnoo for biy'tnoo. I 34 read isafir.
han.
p. 132 /. 5 read
p. 133 I. 11 read wischa.
p. 134 /. -o read btikdar
26
hon.
/.
p. 135 /. 10 read sanadeekak.
p. 137 I- 20 read w^i^s-freere.
I
read tdbftdor.
p. 141 /. 4 read macaroni.
p. 140 /. 19 read and for and.
15 lead ihittoo. I. 20 read hamam.
p. 142 I. 5 read akaddimlak.
p. 143 I.
/.

226

p. 145 /. 2 read m'iyan.

p. 146 I.
25 read Mrsbi. p. 144 /. 3 read kabbat.
I.
26 read il-6da.
p. 147 I. 24 read tmazza'at.
p. 149 I.
1 read yindwi^d-.
3 read itdabbir. /. 19 r ad btitwassacb. I. 27 read byitvvakkafoo. p. 150 I. 24 read
l.
15 read ^s-sreere.
19 read anye.
1.
moone.
p. 151 /. 8 read difficulty.
p. 153 I. 9 btihrikobn:btihrik-t-hdbn. The h of tbe
p. 152 I. 29 read bilibbdbn.
p. 155 /. 35 read
cf. e. g.
suffixes is often assimilated
17 Parad. fliinita.
p. 159 I 22 read lailtak.
p. 160 N.
p. 157 I. 29 read ish-sbita.
chiyatteesb.
p. 163
2 read to a workman.
p. 162 /. 19 read or by your honour. By .
p. 165 J. 37 read hatit.
/. 24 read ya'teek
p. 164 I. 6 read jo'bm'a.
P- 166
34 read bikta' /. 68 read
I. 32 read
bakta' /. 40 read w^itmanna.
p. 167 /.
29 read 'ala, /. 31 read til'at.
/.
p. 169 /.
siyad.
p. 168 I 1 read Inab.
as present.
p. 179 1. 12 read
22 read 'addaito.
p. 173 /. 11 read napoleon
p. 189 add to "bear"
matboo' I. 30 read byil'ab. p. 186 I. 5 read jdommaiz.
p. 190 add to stallion, before ahsne, plural,
5a. Add mosquito namoos 163.
Narcissus read
Add to fruit fakha 13.1.
p. 191 add to ''fig" single fig kooz.
en-nabi.
p. 193 accident hadit 'atil accidental bi^-gidfe accommodate ... kiyaf
tin read
194 armful 'ibt.
p. 220
p. 208 intention read maksood.
p.
use n. read
tanak, delete zeenko. thirsty read 'afsban.
p. 221 trouble ta";ib
.

p. YI I. 8 read possessive.
In the course of printing, some diacritical points, especially under the
letters d, t and s, as also tbe sign ', were broken off the type, but their absence
will be easily recognized by the student.

isti'mal

'*j

PRINTED

IN

>

aT

THE SVRISCHES WAISENHAUS. JERUSALEM.

225

hears a prefixed, very short, i. The two forms e.g. mo'ojarrab and imjarrab exist
therefore by the side of mjarrab; cf. also 142R. 143R.
p. 41
pronounced

p.

on

p.

42

41

p.

24

I.

43

wadda*

inseit before

44 Add

itharrakoo

Last line:

fruit.

add

"or i" sometimes

after

/.

28 read ya for ya.

Add^malla

and delete

"fill"

it

24.

^.

p.

p.

read ^attaf pick

I.

ai.

(pi.)

46

11 bisamlioo 3. p. plural.

I.

142: tliarrak Impf, bitliarrak Imp. itharrak(m) itharraki

Pres. Part: mdbtharrik Past Part: mdotharrak.
to

6 read VI

I.

VIIF.

/"or

/.

9 read Imp. for Tmpf.

I.

(f).

10 read mo^t-

^atil for mootkatilt.

p.

47

/.

28 read be spoiled for spoiled.

p.

48

I.

28 read a for

1.

p.

49

I.

read b for

2.

p.

54

I,

tabtab "to pat".

p.

56

I.

17

p.

58
60
62
64
66
69

p.
p.

p.
p.
p.

"Words".

before

18 read ho'okne for ho'okni.

I.

I.

34 Add

I.

14 read ramshe for ramshe.

6

I.

read ayi for

10

I.

The

2. before

following,

aji.

read infant's shoes

21 read literary work,

I.

22 read chatib for chatib /. 24 read mafloot for marboot

27 read mislim dark; midhin greasy. 176N read hibla, hiblat.
p.

I.

read fdbcbchar for fo"ochchar.

27 Add

I.

71

I.

Add to 194: Sometimes however,

p. 77 I. 3 read If, in the case.
as in class. Arabic, the adj. is put in the fem. sing, if the noun denotes other
Add to 195; As in the case of the adj. the verb is
than rational beings.
sometimes put in the sing., if its subject denotes other than rational beings.
.

p. 78

jai.

213 delete both times "Remark".

p. 81

said

20 read jai for

1.

p. 82 after /. 8 insert: 4. There exists also a Passive form which may be

to be a combination of the VII. and VIII Forms:
e. g. in'tana
care for;

inhtamal be borne; inhtarak be burnt; inchtagar be epitomized. 21H delete the

words "Remark" and add to No. 2: a similar shortening occurs in the case of kal,
g. kalli, and of most other verbs of the same kind.
p.

84

I.

p.

90

I.

25 read sahib 'akl

12 read 'dbmrha for 'dbmrha

/.

25 read 'indi for iudi

I.

26 read

""indak for indak.

p.

91

p.

p.

93
94

p.

97

p.

98

p.

99

p.

100 ^.11 read take

p.

101

/.

p.

102

/.

p.

103

/.

/.

23 read

/.

12 read 216 for 286.

I.

/.
/.

/.

read salle for

women

salle.

woman.

for

14 read them for her.

24 read timsah for timsah.

shams for shams.

11 read

10 read
5

We

there,

it

for

He

it
/.

26 read wait for cut.

/.

13 read

read jibnalak for joobnalak

14 delete

(f.)

/.

16 read

irlitt

/.

for

He

for

We.

18 read byishtiyloo for byisbtirlo.

irlitt ^.28

read 'ammal for ammal.


p.
p.

228

104
107

/.

17 add before hee: lash-sha'^b.

22 read these for the.

/.

p.

112

I.

19 read Percentage

p.

115

/.

p.

118

I.

31 read ras for ra?

p.

120

/.

p.

130

I.

read byi'tnoo for biy'tnoo.

p.

134

/.

read btikdar hon.

p.

137

/.

20 read

p.
p.

141
142

p.

14(>

p.

151 h 8

p.

157

I.
I.

/.

/.

fo7-

read bitkazkiz for bitkzakiz.

vv

^ig-greere.

15 read ihittoo.
5
read akaddiralak.
16 read chitmiye

I.

read difficulty

/.

26 read

il-6da.

19 read a'lye

for

aaye.

29 read ish-shita.

p.

100 N. 2 read to a workman.

p.

167

/.

68 read giyad.

p.

108

/.

p.
p.

189 add
190 add

p.

191 add to "fig" single

Sns read

Precentage.

read hakyak for hakyak.

read 'inab

1.

to "bear" 5a.
to stallion,

29- read 'ala.

Add mosquito namoos

before
fig

163.

ah^sne, plural

kooz

Add

to "fmit" fakha

en-nabi for en-nabi.

^^t#^-

PRINTED

IN

THE SYRISCHES WAISENHAUS, JERUSALEM.

13.1

Xaicis-

DEC

1 6 1982

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE

CARDS OR

SLIPS

FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

LaArab.Gr
S7623111

Spoer, Hans Henry

and Haddad, E. N.
Manual of Palestinean
Arabic for self- instruction

^^