The Progressive Era was 1901-1918. The square deal, the elkins act, and the Hepburn Act were among them. The socialist party was Formed by eugene v. Debs.
The Progressive Era was 1901-1918. The square deal, the elkins act, and the Hepburn Act were among them. The socialist party was Formed by eugene v. Debs.
The Progressive Era was 1901-1918. The square deal, the elkins act, and the Hepburn Act were among them. The socialist party was Formed by eugene v. Debs.
1901-1918 A Quick Note • This chapter is mainly about the principles of the Progressive Era. I’ve trimmed it down a lot. If you feel like you’re missing something, it’s chapter twenty-one, page 424 in the AMSCO book. Origins of Progressivism Attitudes and Motives • Who were the progressives? – Middle class citizens – White collar office workers – Bankers – Theodore Roosevelt, Robert La Follette, William Jennings Bryan, Woodrow Wilson • Philosophy – Pragmatism • Romantic transcendentalism • Practical approaches • Scientific Management – Frederick Taylor • Used a stopwatch to time the output of factory workers Muckrakers • Origins – Henry Demarest Lloyd • Wrote articles attacking the Oil and Railroad monopolies • Wealth Against Commonwealth (Title of collection) • Magazines – McClure’s, Collier’s, The Cosmopolitan – Dug up dirt on corruption Political Reform in Cities and States Voter Participation • The Secret (Australian) Ballot, Direct Primaries, and Direct election of senators was adopted • Progressives forced politicians to obey the people through – Initiative • Voters make the legislature consider a bill – Referendum • Vote on laws on their ballots – Recall • Removing corrupt politicians from office State Reform • Temperance and prohibition abounded Political Reform in the Nation • The Square Deal • Trust Busting • Railroad regulation – Elkins Act – Hepburn Act • Consumer Protection – The Jungle (Upton Sinclair) – Pure Food and Drug Act – Meat Inspection Act Taft’s Presidency • More trust-busting • Progressives in the Republican party were angry with Taft – Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Raised the tariffs, instead of lowering them – Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy • Taft fired Pinchot, a Forest Service person, when he criticized a member of Taft’s cabinet – House Speaker Joe Cannon • Taft did not reduce the overbearing powers of the HS – Midterm Elections • Progressive Republicans rose up and defeated anyone endorsed by Taft The Socialist Party • Eugene V. Debs was the leader • Formed from unionistic ideals Election of 1912 • Republicans – Taft • Progressives (Bull Moose Party) – Roosevelt • Democrats – Woodrow Wilson • Socialists – Eugene V. Debs • Woodrow Wilson was victorious Woodrow Wilson’s Progressive Program • Reduced tariffs • Reformed banks • New Freedom Program: – Clayton Antitrust Act • More powerful in breaking up trusts – Federal Trade Commission • Investigated unfair trade – Federal Farm Loan Act • Farmers got loans with less interest – Child Labor Act • Found to be unconstitutional in Hammer vs. Dagenhart African Americans in the Progressive Era African Americans • Booker T. Washington put stress on economics and W.E.B. Du Bois put stress on civil rights • Many blacks migrated to the north because of racism, loss of cotton crops, and job opportunities • NAACP formed in 1908 at the Niagara Movement Women’s Suffrage • Carrie Chapman Catt – President of National American Woman Suffrage Association • Alice Paul – Militant approach to suffrage • Nineteenth Amendment (1920) – Women received the right to vote in all elections