Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Definition:
The total number of leukocytes present in the peripheral circulation
The differential refers to the proportion of the total leukocyte count contributed
by each elements
When using the WCC as an indicator of possible infection, both the total count and
those of individual components must be taken into consideration
cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum
paclitaxel
doxorubicin
cyclophosphamide
etoposide
venorelbine
Neutrophil count
Mild
1.0 2.0 10 /L
Moderate
0.5 1.0 10 /L
Severe
< 0.5 10 /L
Acute-phase proteins
Protease inhibitors
Coagulation proteins
Complement proteins
Miscellaneous
alpha1-antitrypsin
antichymotrypsin
fibrinogen
prothrombin
factor VIII
plasminogen
C1s, C2, C3, C4, C5
factor B
C1 esterase inhibitor
plasminogen
haptoglobin
haemopexin
caeruloplasmin
ferritin
C-reactive protein
procalcitonin
serum amyloid protein
fibronectin
alpha1-acid glycoprotein
transferrin
albumin
pre-albumin
pyelonephritis
pelvic infections
meningitis
endocarditis
rheumatic fever
erythema nodosum
Inflammatory disease
rheumatoid arthritis
juvenile chronic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthritis
systemic vasculitis
polymyalgia rheumatica
Reiter's disease
Crohn's disease
familial Mediterranean fever
Transplantation
renal transplantation
Cancer
lymphoma
sarcoma
Necrosis
myocardial infarction
tumour embolisation
acute pancreatitis
Trauma
burns
fractures
The non-specificity of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate means the test is more
likely to be falsely positive (elevated in the absence of inflammation) than a Creactive protein test.
The erythrocyte sedimentation rates slow response to the acute phase reaction
leads to false negatives early in an inflammatory process.
IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGEN
Microscopy
Culture
Serology
Specific Infection
UTI
URINE EXAMINATION
URINE EXAMINATION
Bacterial count
Infection is highly likely if bacterial count > 105 CFU/mL
Bacterial count < 102 CFU/mL is unlikely to be associated with infection
Bacterial count 102 - 105 CFU/mL: consider symptoms, age, sex
Culture
Mixed growth usually indicated contaminated sample
Growth single organism in a pure culture indicates infection
White cells
Pyuria (> 10 white cells/uL) is commonly associated with bacterial
infection at any site of urinary tracts.
Infection is usually confirmed with bacterial count and culture
URINE EXAMINATION
Hematuria
The presence of RBC or Hb in urine
Normal < 6 RBC/uL
If > 500 RBC/ul: visible, frank hematuria
Proteins
1+ protein (300 mg/L) indicates infection
Cast
White cell and red cell cast indicate renal disesase
Glucose