Proiect Cladiri Revizuit

Student: MIRON MarcelCristian
group 3211
Coordinators: Prof Dr. Ing. Magda

Broteanu
Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services
CONTENTS
WRITTEN PARTS
1. Tehnical Memoir
1.1. General Data
1.2. Functional Architectural Solution
1.3. Construction Solution
1.4. Urbanism Conditions
2. Loads Computation
2.1. General Notes About the Symbols/Notations
Used
2.2. Calculus of the Specific Thermal Resistance R
2.3. Roof (chosen solution for roof covering &
timber volume)
2.4. Snow Load
2.5. Characteristic Values of Dead Loads
2.6. Design of a masonry structural member
according to EC6
Interior wall
Exterior wall
Axial force diagram for exterior wall
Eccentricity calculus
2.7. Design of a foundation block
GRAPHICAL PARTS
Ground floor
First floor
Section Plan
Roof Plan
Main Facade
Details

1.1. General Data

CONSTRUCTION: 2-STORY DWELLING HOUSE
Designer: MIRON Marcel-Cristian
Height Regime: D+P+M
Site characteristics:
The site is situated in Craiova, in the western suburbs of
the city. The site has an insignificant slope. The field has a local
and general stability assured by respecting the instructions from
the geotechnic study. The destination of the building: a single
family dwelling, 2-storey height. The placement has access to
public utilities (water, sewerage, electricity).
Maximum depth
6054/77;
Climatic zone III
temperatures
Climatic zone C
Climatic zone C
of frost is 0.90 m cf. STAS

/ summer temperatures 28 0C ; winter
-140C (STAS 6472/82)
/ snow / (STAS 10101/21-90)
/wind / (STAS 10101/20-92)
1.2. Functional Architectural Solution

Serving the clients needs, the architect and the designer
elaborated a dwelling house consisted of 3 levels : partial
basement (underground floor), ground floor, inner garret. All
the rooms are properly oriented such that the mandatory
ventilation and illumination conditions are fulfilled. Therefore,
the living room and the dining room are oriented towards the
South-East.

The basement has a height of 2.30 m, the ground floor

2.60 m, and the upper floor (inner garret) has a varying height
between 1.80 m and 2.60 m.
Concerning the interior staircase, the length of the stairs is
1.96 m, having the counter-steps of 18 cm and the steps of 28
cm.
The house has the bearing walls made of a full brick of 25
cm and a full white brick of 20 cm, thermo-isolated with
expanded polystyrene with the thickness of 4.8 cm. Above the
partial basement, the ground floor and the first floor, reinforced
concrete slabs are used.
Sistematization of the Inner Space:
PARTIAL BASEMENT (UNDERGROUND FLOOR):
Staircase:
Depositing Space:
Total:
8.90 m2
21.48 m2
30.38 m2
GROUND FLOOR:
Living Room:
Dining Room:
Kitchen:
Deposit:
Lobby:
Staircase:
Bathroom:
Total:
23.30 m2
9.05 m2
9.97 m2
1.07 m2
5.68 m2
10.85 m2
2.90 m2
62.82 m2
UPPER FLOOR:
1st Bedroom:
SAS:
15.34 m2
2.25 m2
4

2nd Bedroom:
Master Bedroom:
1st Bathroom:
2nd Bathroom:
Lobby:
Total:
13.84 m2
17.27 m2
4.13 m2
7.42 m2
7.90 m2
68.15 m2
Sistematization of the Entire Surface:

EFFECTIVE AREA:
Underground Floor + Ground Floor + Upper
Floor = 161.38 m2
CONSTRUCTION AREA: 130.98 m2
UNCOILED AREA: 270.26 m2
P.O.T. = 12.2 %
C.U.T. = 0.28
Construction Solution
- Infrastructure:
The infrastructure will be realized under the form of a

continuous foundation under the walls with a concrete shoe
made up of concrete ( C 6/7.5) and concrete elevation ( C
12/15), 90 cm thick under the first-floor walls, 100 cm under the
under-ground floor. Also, the infrastructure will be reinforced
with girdles on the whole lenght. The reinforcement will be
made with PC52 and OB37 steel.
- Suprastructure:
The strength structure is consisted of mansory walls,
reinforced concrete pillars, and girdles. Exterior walls are 45 cm
thick and the interior bearing walls are 25 cm thick. The
materials used in pillars (25x25 cm), girdles and beams will be:
concrete C12/15 and reinforcements PC52 and OB37. The
masonry will be consisted of 25 cm full bricks and 20 cm white
bricks.
5

The stairs are mare up of monolith reinforced concrete. The

slab over the ground floor will be made up of reinforced
concrete (C12/15). The slab will be 13 cm thick and it will be
reinforced with steel STNB nets.
The roof over the garret is consisted of fir wood.
- Trims:
The builing will have modern, high quality trims as
follows:
Exterior paintings will be carefully chosen function of the
volumetry of the house:White and beige plaster, PVC windows,
wood doors, wood handrails, pvc ditches and down-comers
(water pipes), TONDACH tiles, brick revetment, pergola and
ornamental flower pots.
Interior paintings will be in accordance with the hygienicsanitary requirements that are imposed by the active
normative. Interior paintings will be chosen such that the
exterior-interior chromatic sensation to be a fine one. For the
living rooms we will use a white, creamy washable lime and for
the bathrooms, kitchen and stores well use sandstone assorted
with the wall paintings and faience.
Urbanism Conditions
Water supply will be made by joining the water network
having the authorization obtained from S.C. RAJAC S.R.L.
Electricity supply will be made having the autorization
obtained from E.ON, Moldova S.A.
The sewerage will be made by joining the sewerage
network from the neighbourhood .
The heating will be made individually by central heating.
6

Loads Computation
2.1. Design according to the Ultimate Load State
method:
Symbols:
Fk
characteristic value of a load (force);
Fd= (f )*(Fk)
design value of a load;
f =1.35(1.40 in USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, etc) for Gk
and 1.50 (1.60 in USA, Canada, Japan, Australia etc) for
Qk partial safety coefficients for loads;
Dead (Permanent) Loads (EC1Part 2.1):
Gk or Wk or SWk
concentrated permanent load, or
weight, or self-weight load, in N or daN or kN;
gk or wk
weight per unit area in N*m -2, or
weight per unit length in N *m -1;
= ()(g)
unit weight in N.m-3 or kN.m-3 ;
= m*V-1
unit mass or density of material in
kg.m-3 ;
g =9.81(~10) m.s-2
gravitational acceleration;
f 1.35( EU )
f 1.40(USA)
(overloading) partial safety
factor for dead load;

Loading Effects Grouping:
1.35 Gk , j 1.5Qk ,1 1.50,i Qk ,i
, where:
1.35 Gk, j Design Dead Load;

f=1.35
Partial Safety Coefficient for Dead
Load for unfavorable exception;
1.5 Qk,1
Design Dominant Variable Load;
f=1.5
Partial Safety Coefficient for Variable Load
for unfavorable exception;
7

1.5 0,i Qk, i Design Variable Load;

0,i=0,7
Concomitance
(Reduction)
combination value of a variable action;
2.2. Calculus
of
Resistance R
the
Factor
Specific
for
Thermal
For the purpose of computing these values, the following

symbols are used:
R thermal resistance of the element (m2K/W);
Rsi inner surface thermal resistance (m2K/W);
Rse outer surface thermal resistance (m2K/W);
Rmin the minimum overall thermal resistance (m2K/W);
a) Outer wall
No
.cr
t.
Material layer
Thickness
d (m)
1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
Inner plaster
1 full brick
1 white brick (BCA)
Expanded polystyrene
Plaster cement mortar
0.02
0.25
0.20
X
0.03
Thermal
conductivity
coefficient [W/
(mK)]
0.87
0.8
0.28
0.044
0.03

C107/05 Design Code states that in the case of an

2
2
exterior wall, Rsi =0.125 m K /W , Rse =0.042 m K /W
and
Rmin =1.40 m K / W .
R=R si +
0.125+
d
+ Rse =
0.02 0.25 0.2

x
0.03
+
+
+
+
+0.042
0.87 0.8 0.28 0.044 0.03
2
Rmin =1.40 m K /W
Therefore, the thickness of the expand polystyrene is

x=0.025 m
. Because the material is found only with thicknesses
multiple of 2.4, a 4.8 cm thick polystyrene is chosen.

b) Slab above the basement
No
.cr
t.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
0.007
0.01
0.03
0.13
X
Thermal
conductivity
coefficient [W/
(mK)]
2.03
1.62
0.93
1.62
0.044
0.02
0.87
Thickness
d (m)
Material layer
Sandstone
Concrete layer
Equalizing layer
Reinforced concrete slab
Expanded polystyrene
Plaster cement and lime
mortar
C107/05 Design Code states that in the case of a slab

above the basement,
Rsi =0.167 m2 K /W ,
Rmin =1.65 m K /W .
Rse =0.125 m 2 K /W
and

R=R si +
d
0.007 0.01 0.03 0.13
x
0.02
2
+ Rse = 0.167+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 0.125 Rmin =1.65 m K /W
2.03 1.62 0.93 1.62 0.044 0.87
Therefore, the thickness of the expanded polystyrene

is x=0.053 m . Because the material is found only with
thicknesses multiple of 2.4, a 7.2 cm thick
polystyrene is chosen.
2.3. Roof
Chosen solution for roof
covering
TONDACH Castel tiles
Material: sand, cement, water,
inorganic pigments.
Surface: even, with a tintless
coat.
Dimensions: 43 x 27 cm
Active length: 43 cm
Active width:
21.5 cm
Profile height: 2.2 cm

Weight:
3.0 kg / piece
Necessary/ m2 13.1 pieces

Positioning:
network mesh
Timber volume used for the roof
Element
N
o.
Purlins
Dimensions (cm)
b
L/B/H
12
12
1365
10
Slope
(degre
es)
26
Total
volume
(cm3)
196560

17
2
12
12
7.5
7.5
are
a
1
4
1
4
5
5
11
1365
26
375375
12
12
1302
187488
15
460
165600
Rafters
1
2x
3
1
1
17
12
12
10
500
1254
462
Boarding
2.4
Props
12
12
7.5
are
a
1
4
Rafters
1
1
17
2
Boarding
Props
5
6
Longitudinal
battens
Transverse
battens
Ridge
Tongs
Purlins
Longitudinal
battens
Transverse
battens
12
12
10
10
92
1275
557
393
2.4
area
26
1914389
101
40
26
77739
36945
3
3
557
393
26
142035
11790
26
13248
183600
710175
58950
22
72000
180576
589050
area
22
639418
194
22
59728
22
17
462
22
117810
15
1365
22
511875
Total volume of wood: 9244351 cm3= 9.24 m3
2.4. Snow Load

The computation was done according to CR 1-1-32005, Design Code. The following notations are used:
11

snow density of 235350400 kgm -3 depending on

the breaking state and unfavorable snow falling
Sk snow characteristic value on roof horizontal projection
in kNm-2
g gravitational constant of 10 ms-2
shape coefficient
Ce exposure coefficient of placement
Ct thermal coefficient
S0,k characteristic value of snow load on the earth level
Sk,L snow characteristic value on pitched roof
Sk0,L - snow characteristic value on pitched roof per unit
length
Sk0,Lx - snow characteristic value on pitched roof per unit
length perpendicular on the roof
Sk0,Ly - snow characteristic value on pitched roof per unit
length tangent to the roof
Fk characteristic value of snow pushing force in kNm -1
cfr friction coefficient between snow and tiles (c fr = 0.05)
Se characteristic value of snow load hanged down at roof
eaves and distributed on roof length
k coefficient depending on unsteady snow falling
The building being situated in Iasi, will have s 0,k=2.5
kNm . The presence of other buildings around it doesnt not
allow an important blowing of the snow by the wind, therefore,
a partial exposure will be considered (C e=1). The thermal
coefficient Ct is considered to be 1.0.
-2
The snow weight:

= g=235 10=2350 N /m3=2.35 kN /m3
For the uncrowded snow loading, the distribution is:

2(2)
1(1
12
1

In this case, 1=26 and 2=22. Because 1<30 and

2<30, taking into account the CR 1-1-3-2005 Design Code,
1(1) and 1(2) will have the following values:
1 ( 1 ) =0.8
2 ( 2 ) =0.8+0.8 2 /30=1.38
The snow characteristic value on roof horizontal

projection will be:
S k 1=1 ( 1) Ce C t S 0,k =0.8 1 1 2.5=2 kN /m2
for 1=26
13

S k 2=2 ( 2 ) C e C t S 0,k =1.38 1 1 2.5=3.45 kN /m 2
for 2=22
The characteristic value of snow pushing force::
For the part of the part of the roof with 1=26
S k L0=S k , L L
1
where: - L01 is the horizontal projection of the width of the roof

with slope 1=26
- L1 is the width of the roof with the slope 1=26
Geometrical features of the roof
L1 =
L01
4.63
=
=5.15 m
cos 1 0.899
S k , L =S k 1
1
L0
=Sk 1 cos 1=2 0.899=1.798 kN /m2
L1
1
S k 0, L =S k , L L1=1.798 5.15=9.26 kN /m
1
S k 0, L =Sk 0, L sin 1=9.26 0.438=4.06 kN /m

1x
S k 0, L =S k 0,L cos 1=9.26 0.899=8.32kN /m

1y
14

Sk0,L
x
Sk0,
L
Sk0,Ly
Fig.4.3. Snow characteristic value on pitched roof per unit

length
The characteristic value of snow pushing force will be:
F k =S k 0, L c fr S k 0,L =4.060.05 8.32=3.644 kN /m
1x
1y
For the part of the part of the roof with 2=22

L2 =
L02
5.63
=
=6.073m
cos 2 0.927
S k , L =S k 2
2
L0
=Sk 2 cos 2 =3.45 0.927=3.198 kN /m2
L2
2
S k 0, L =S k , L L2=3.198 6.073=19.42 kN /m
2
S k 0, L =Sk 0, L sin 1=19.42 0.374=7.27 kN /m

1x
S k 0, L =S k 0,L cos 1=19.42 0.927=18.00 kN /m

1y
The characteristic value of snow pushing force will be:

F k =S k 0, L c fr S k 0,L =7.270.05 18=6.37 kN /m
1x
1y
15

2.5. Characteristic Values of Dead Loads

Roof with Thermal Insulation
No
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Layer
Thickn
ess
[m]
roof tile
longitudinal
0.03
strip
transverse
0.05
strip
water
0.005
proofing
roof baten
0.024
mineral wool
0.14
1
mineral wool
0.05
2
vapour
0.01
barrier
insulating
0.01
board
Total Load
Unit
Characteris
Weigh
tic Value
t
gk=d*
=p*g
[N/m2]
3
[N/m ]
393
Ultimate
Value
gd=F*gk=1.3
5*gk [N/m2]
530.55
6000
180
243
6000
300
405
60
81
6000
144
194.4
3500
490
661.5
3500
175
236.25
60
81
11000
104.5
141.075
1906.5
2115.45
16

Outer Wall
17

No
.
Layer
Thickn
ess
[m]
inner plaster
0.02
1 full brick
0.25
3
4
5
6
1 white brick
(BCA)
vapour barrier
expanded
polystyrene
(EPS)
outer plaster
Unit
Weig
Characteris
ht
tic Value
=p*
gk=d*
g
[N/m2]
[N/m
3
]
1900
380
0
1850
4625
0
Ultimate
Value
gd=F*gk=1.3
5*gk [N/m2]
513
6243.75
0.20
4500
900
1215
0.005
60
81
0.05
200
10
13.5
0.03
2200
0
660
891
6635
8957.25
Total Load
18

Inner Wall
No
.
Layer
Thickn
ess
[m]
Inner plaster
0.02
1 full brick
0.25
Inner plaster
0.02
Total Load
Unit
Weig
Characteris
ht
tic Value
=p*
gk=d*
g
[N/m2]
[N/m
3
]
1900
380
0
1850
4625
0
1900
380
0
5385
19
Ultimate
Value
gd=F*gk=1.3
5*gk [N/m2]
513
6243.75
513
7449.3

Basement Wall
No
.
Layer
Thickn
ess
[m]
inner plaster
0.02
1 full brick
0.25
concrete
0.20
4
5
6
cement and
0.03
lime mortar
waterproofing
0.005
Protecting brick
0.15
wall
Total Load
Unit
Weig
Characteris
ht
tic Value
=p*
gk=d*
g
[N/m2]
[N/m
3
]
1900
380
0
1850
4625
0
2400
4800
0
1700
510
0
175
1850
2775
0
13265
20
Ultimate
Value
gd=F*gk=1.3
5*gk [N/m2]
513
6243.75
6480
688.5
236.25
3746.25
17907.75

Floor above Basement
Parquet
False boarding
Acousting
insulation
0.02
0.01
Unit
Weig
Characteris
ht
tic Value
=p*
gk=d*
g
[N/m2]
[N/m
3
]
8000
176
8000
80
0.03
3500
Concrete slab
0.13
Vapour barrier
Expanded
polystyrene
0.005
2500
0
-
0.075
Plaster
0.02
No
.
1
2
3
6
7
Layer
Thickn
ess
[m]
Ultimate
Value
gd=F*gk=1.3
5*gk [N/m2]
237.6
108
105
141.75
3250
4387.5
60
81
200
14.4
19.44
1700
0
340
459
4025.4
5434.29
Total Load
21

Floor above First Floor (including Staircase)
No
.
Layer
Thickn
ess
[m]
Sandstone
0.007
Concrete layer
0.02
Vapour barrier
0.005
Equalizer layer
0.03
Concrete slab
0.13
Plaster
0.02
Unit
Weig
Characteris
ht
tic Value
=p*
gk=d*
g
[N/m2]
[N/m
3
]
2400
168
0
2500
500
0
60
1900
570
0
2500
3250
0
1700
340
0
22
Ultimate
Value
gd=F*gk=1.3
5*gk [N/m2]
226.8
675
81
769.5
4387.5
459

Total Load
4888
6598.8
2.6. Design of a masonry structural member

according to EC6
The computation will be made on a section of 1 meter
width from an exterior wall and from an interior wall.
We use M50 binder and 100daN/cm2 full bricks.
The loading surface for an exterior wall is Se = 2.235 m2
The loading surface for an interior wall is Si = 1.85 m2
23

Calculus for the interior wall

1. Load from the roof being an inner garret house, the axial
force at the upper side is considered 0 for the interior wall
2. Self weight of the wall - Nsw :
Nd, wall = 7449.3 x 2.60 = 19368.18 N
3. Load from plate Nd, plate :
Live load -> 1.5 x 1500 x 1.85 = 4162.5 N
24

Self weight -> 6598.8 x 1.85 = 12207.78 N

Nd, plate = 16370.28 N
Nd, wall = 7449.3 x 2.60 = 19368.18 N
5. Load from plate - Nd, plate :
Live load -> 1.5 x 1500 x 1.85 = 4162.5 N
Self weight -> 5434.29 x 1.85 = 10053.44 N
Nd, plate = 14215.94 N
6. Self weight of the basement wall Nd,basement wall :
Nd, basement wall = 17907.75 x 2.33 = 41725.06 N
Nd,0 = 111047.64 N
Calculus for the exterior wall

1. Load from the roof Nd, roof :
Dead load -> 2115.45 x 1 = 2115.45 N
Snow load -> 9260 x 1.5 x 1 = 13890 N
Nd, roof = 3913.35 x 1.9 = 16005.45 N
Nd, wall = 8957 x 1.58 x 1 = 14152.06 N
3. Load from the plate Nd, plate :
Self weight -> 6598.8 x 2.235 = 14748.318 N
25

Live load -> 1.5 x 1500 x 2.235 = 5028.75 N

Nd, plate = 19777.068 N
Nd, wall = 8957 x 2.60 = 23288.20 N
5. Load from plate Nd, plate :
Live load -> 1.5 x 1500 x 2.235 = 5028.75 N
Self weight -> 5434.29 x 2.235 = 12145.64 N
Nd, plate = 17174.39 N
6. Self weight of the basement wall Nd,basement wall :
Nd, basement wall = 17907.75 x 2.33 = 41725.06 N
Nd,0 = 132122.16 N
Axial force diagram for external wall
26

Nd,0=132122.16 N => Md,f=Nd,f x d= Nd,f x (t/2-t/6)= Nd,f x 0.075

Md,f1=19777.068 x 0.075 = 1483.28 Nm
Md,f2=17174.39 x 0.075 = 1288.08 Nm
Eccentricity calculus
We take the x-x section at a height of 2 meters.
Mx-x / 1288.08 = 2 / 2.60 => Mx-x=990.83 Nm
Nx-x / 73222.778 = 2 / 2.60 => Nx-x = 56325.21 N
=> e = 990.83 / 56325.21 +ead=0.0176+0.02=0.0376
cm
0.0376 (e) < 0.075 (t/6) => all the section works in
compression
=> Ac = t x b = 0.45 m2
2.7. Design of foundation block

27

We impose hf = 50 cm and we verify that pef pn

External block
N0,d=131023 N
pef = Ntotal / Af pn we impose this equation at limit and we have
Ntotal = Af x pn <=> N0,d + Vg = pn x 1 x bf <=> N0,d + hfbf = pn
x 1 x bf => N0,d / bf +hf = pn =>
bfnec = N0,d / (pn - hf) = 132.122 / (159-20 x 0.5 x 1)= 0.887 m
=> we will adopt 90 cm
tg min
C 3.5 / 5
C 5 / 7.5
Pn 2 daN / cm2
Pn > 2 daN / cm2
1.3
1.6
1.1
1.3
Stiffnes calculus:
tg tgmin
tg = hf / a , a= x (bfc - d) => tg = 2 x 50 / (90-45)=2.2222
> tgmin
Internal block
N0,d=111047 N
pef = Ntotal / Af pn we impose this equation at limit and we have
Ntotal = Af x pn <=> N0,d + Vg = pn x 1 x bf <=> N0,d + hfbf = pn
x 1 x bf => N0,d / bf +hf = pn =>
bfnec = N0,d / (pn - hf) = 111047/ (159-20 x 0.5 x 1)= 0.7453 m
=> we will adopt 80cm
28

Stiffnes calculus:
tg tgmin
tg = hf / a , a= x (bfc - d) => tg = 2 x 50 / (80-45)=2.86 >
tgmin
29

Proiect Cladiri Revizuit

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Proiect Cladiri Revizuit

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Student: MIRON MarcelCristian

Coordinators: Prof Dr. Ing. Magda

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

1.1. General Data

of frost is 0.90 m cf. STAS

1.2. Functional Architectural Solution

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

The basement has a height of 2.30 m, the ground floor

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

Sistematization of the Entire Surface:

The infrastructure will be realized under the form of a

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

The stairs are mare up of monolith reinforced concrete. The

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

(overloading) partial safety

factor for dead load;

1.35 Gk, j Design Dead Load;

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

1.5 0,i Qk, i Design Variable Load;

For the purpose of computing these values, the following

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

C107/05 Design Code states that in the case of an

0.02 0.25 0.2

Therefore, the thickness of the expand polystyrene is

. Because the material is found only with thicknesses

multiple of 2.4, a 4.8 cm thick polystyrene is chosen.

C107/05 Design Code states that in the case of a slab

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

2.03 1.62 0.93 1.62 0.044 0.87

Therefore, the thickness of the expanded polystyrene

Profile height: 2.2 cm

Necessary/ m2 13.1 pieces

Timber volume used for the roof

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

Total volume of wood: 9244351 cm3= 9.24 m3

2.4. Snow Load

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

snow density of 235350400 kgm -3 depending on

The snow weight:

For the uncrowded snow loading, the distribution is:

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

In this case, 1=26 and 2=22. Because 1<30 and

The snow characteristic value on roof horizontal

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

S k 2=2 ( 2 ) C e C t S 0,k =1.38 1 1 2.5=3.45 kN /m 2

where: - L01 is the horizontal projection of the width of the roof

Geometrical features of the roof

S k 0, L =Sk 0, L sin 1=9.26 0.438=4.06 kN /m

S k 0, L =S k 0,L cos 1=9.26 0.899=8.32kN /m

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

Fig.4.3. Snow characteristic value on pitched roof per unit

For the part of the part of the roof with 2=22

S k 0, L =Sk 0, L sin 1=19.42 0.374=7.27 kN /m

S k 0, L =S k 0,L cos 1=19.42 0.927=18.00 kN /m

The characteristic value of snow pushing force will be:

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

2.5. Characteristic Values of Dead Loads

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai

Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iai